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Bone Marrow

Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells from stem cells located in the bone marrow. The bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into the various blood cell types through distinct maturation processes. Erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets are formed through erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, monocytopoiesis, lymphopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis respectively, with each cell type progressing through different developmental stages as they mature. The bone marrow provides the microenvironment necessary for hematopoiesis and houses all the blood cell production and maturation processes.

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25 views

Bone Marrow

Hematopoiesis is the production of blood cells from stem cells located in the bone marrow. The bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into the various blood cell types through distinct maturation processes. Erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets are formed through erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, monocytopoiesis, lymphopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis respectively, with each cell type progressing through different developmental stages as they mature. The bone marrow provides the microenvironment necessary for hematopoiesis and houses all the blood cell production and maturation processes.

Uploaded by

Patrick Mwashita
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HEMATOPOIESIS AND BONE

MARROW
Constituents of blood
• Hematopoiesis is production of blood cells from
stem cells (pluripotential cells)
• blood consist of formed elements and plasma
• Formed elements; erythrocytes, granular
leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and
platelets
• These elements are formed from stem cells
located in the bone marrow by; erythropoeisis,
granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, monocytopoiesis
and megakaryocytopoiesis
• All blood cells are derived from a single stem cell
Bone marrow
• Located in the medullary cavities of long bones and
cavities of spongy bone
• Types; red bone marrow and yellow marrow (large
deposits of adipocytes)
• Red marrow consist of the stroma arranged into
hematopoietic cords separated by sinusoidal
capillaries (discontinuous)
• Stroma is a meshwork of reticular cells and reticular
fibres containing hematopoietic cells and macrophages
• Functions; production of blood cells, destruction of
worn out cells and storage of iron
Hematopoietic stem cells
• Stem cell has capacity for self-renewal and mitosis-
differentiate into progenitor cells that form the
lymphoid series and myeloid series
• cells of lymphoid series mature in lymphoid organs
while cells of myeloid series mature in bone marrow
• Myeloid progenitor cell differentiate into precursor
cells (blasts) that give rise to erythrocytes,
granulocytes, monocytes and platelets
• Stem cells and progenitor cells are capable of mitosis
and self-renewal
• Precursor cells are capable of mitosis only
• Mature cells are incapable of mitosis/ self-renewal
Erythropoiesis (maturation of
erythrocytes
• Maturation involves; synthesis of hemoglobin,
loss of organelles and reduction in cell
volume
• Stages involved;myeloblast- proerythroblast-
basophilic erythroblast- polychromatophilic
erythroblast- orthochromatophilic
erythroblast- reticulocyte-mature erythrocyte
• Erythropoiesis requires erythropoietin, iron,
folic acid, vitamin B12 etc- takes 7 days
Granulopoiesis (maturation of
granulocytes)
• Maturation involves formation of specific
granules and azurophilic granules(lysosomes)
• Nucleus becomes lobed (3-5 in neutrophils, 2
in eosinophils and basophils)
• Stages of maturation; myeloblast -
promyelocyte- myelocyte (neutrophilic,
basophilic and eosinophilic)- metamyelocyte-
band cel (neutrophils)l- mature granulocyte
Monocytopoiesis and lymphopoiesis
• Monoblast- promonocyte- monocyte
• Mature cell has azurophilic granules,
basophilic cytoplasm and indented nucleus
• Lymphoblast- prolymphocyte- enter
circulation to lymphoid organs where they
develop into B- and T- lymphocytes
• Mature lymphocyte has large oval nucleus and
very little cytoplasm
Megakaryocytopoiesis
• Platelets produced by fragmentation of
megakaryocytes- large cell with polyploidy
nucleus
• Stages involved; megakaryoblast-
megakaryocyte- platelets

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