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Rusting Fill in The Blanks - Answers

Iron and steel readily corrode when exposed to oxygen and water, forming rust. Paint provides a protective barrier, while oils prevent corrosion of moving parts. Corrosion can also be prevented by connecting iron to a more reactive metal like zinc or by forming non-rusting alloys like stainless steel. Aluminum develops a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion, making it a useful structural metal when alloyed. Copper and lead form compounds during corrosion that don't flake away easily, so they have been used for roofing and piping.

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323 views

Rusting Fill in The Blanks - Answers

Iron and steel readily corrode when exposed to oxygen and water, forming rust. Paint provides a protective barrier, while oils prevent corrosion of moving parts. Corrosion can also be prevented by connecting iron to a more reactive metal like zinc or by forming non-rusting alloys like stainless steel. Aluminum develops a protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion, making it a useful structural metal when alloyed. Copper and lead form compounds during corrosion that don't flake away easily, so they have been used for roofing and piping.

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1.

Iron (or steel) unfortunately corrodes faster than most other


transition metals and readily does so in the presence of both
oxygen (in air) and water to form an iron oxide. Iron corrosion is
called rusting and the chemical change with oxygen is called an
oxidation reaction.

2. Iron and steel (an alloy of iron) are most easily protected by
paint which provides a barrier between the metal and air/water.
Moving parts on machines can be protected by a water repellent
oil or grease layer.

3. This corrosion can be prevented by connecting iron to a more


reactive metal (e.g. zinc or magnesium). This is called sacrificial
protection. By mixing iron with other metals such as chromium
you can make a non-rusting alloy called stainless steel. Coating
iron or steel with a zinc layer is called 'galvanising'. The zinc
preferentially corrodes first to form a zinc oxide layer that
doesn't flake off. However if a less reactive metal is attached,
the iron then rusts first as it becomes the more reactive metal!

4. Aluminium does not oxidise (corrode) as fast as its position in


the metal reactivity series would suggest. A thin protective layer
of aluminium oxide forms on the surface, and acts as a barrier to
oxygen and water and prevents further corrosion. Aluminium is a
useful structural metal. It can be made harder, stronger and
stiffer by mixing it with small amounts of other metals (e.g
magnesium) to make alloys.

5. Copper and lead are both used in roofing situations because


both are malleable (easily shaped) and neither is very reactive.
The compounds formed do not flake away as easily as rust does
from iron. Lead corrodes to a white lead oxide or carbonate and
copper corrodes to form a basic green carbonate. Both metals
have been used for piping, but these days, lead (used by the
Romans) is considered too toxic but the stronger and harder
copper is still used for piping. Copper is mixed with zinc to make
the alloy brass, which is hard wearing and doesn't readily corrode
- used for door knobs and other domestic fittings. 

6. The Group 1 Alkali Metals are bright and shiny when freshly
cut BUT rapidly tarnish and corrode in air. So they need to be
stored under oil to reduce corrosion. Apart from their structural
weakness they would hardly used for any outside purpose!

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