Elements of Art Credit Recovery Packet

for IEP Students

Subject Pages Completed
Line 3
Shape/Form 9
Value 17
Space 20
Color 23
Texture 29
Art Study:
Picasso 32
Goya 34

Course Recovery Grade Verification:

Student ID:

Student Name:

Original Course Failed:

Course Number Course Title Year/Semester

Credit Recovery Course Completed:

Course Number Course Title Year/Semester
Fine Arts
FAA911 Recovery

I verify that the student above has completed this course through
a credit recovery option and has earned an "S" grade and .50 credit
for this course.

Teacher Name:

Teacher Signature:

Date:

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Line:
Line is one of the seven elements of art. It is considered by most to be the
most basic element of art.

Lines Defined:

When introducing and discovering lines, you may begin by discovering lines
in works of art. Look closely at the types of lines in the drawing below. How
many different lines do you see here? Notice length, direction, width,
distance from each other, etc.

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Line

A line is an identifiable path created by a point moving in space. It is one-

dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length. Lines often define
the edges of a form. Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, straight or
curved, thick or thin. They lead your eye around the composition and can
communicate information through their character and direction.

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 Horizontal lines suggest a feeling of rest or
repose because objects parallel to the earth are at
rest. In this landscape, horizontal lines also help
give a sense of space. The lines delineate sections
of the landscape, which recede into space. They
also imply continuation of the landscape beyond
the picture plane to the left and right.
A Storm on the
Mediterranean Coast,
Claude-Joseph Vernet, 1767

Vertical lines often communicate a sense of

height because they are perpendicular to the
earth, extending upwards toward the sky. In this
church interior, vertical lines suggest spirituality,
rising beyond human reach toward the heavens.

Saint Bavo, Haarlem, Pieter

Jansz. Saenredam, 1634

Horizontal and vertical lines used in

combination communicate stability and solidity.
Rectilinear forms with 90-degree angles are
structurally stable. This stability suggests
permanence and reliability.

Cabinet, French, about 1785

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A Storm on the Diagonal lines convey a feeling of movement.
Mediterranean Coast, Objects in a diagonal position are unstable.
Claude-Joseph Vernet, 1767 Because they are neither vertical nor horizontal,
they are either about to fall or are already in motion. The angles of the ship
and the rocks on the shore convey a feeling of movement or speed in this
stormy harbor scene.

The curve of a line can convey energy. Soft,

shallow curves recall the curves of the human
body and often have a pleasing, sensual quality
and a softening effect on the composition. The
edge of the pool in this photograph gently leads
the eye to the sculptures on the horizon.

Pool, Saint-Cloud, Eugène

Atget, 1915–1919
http://www.getty.edu/education/teachers/classroom_resources/curricula/contemporary_art/index.ht
ml

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Shape and Form

Shape and form define objects in space. Shapes have two dimensions–
height and width–and are usually defined by lines. Forms exist in three
dimensions, with height, width, and depth.

Shape has only height and width. Shape is usually,

though not always, defined by line, which can provide
its contour. In this image, rectangles and ovals
dominate the composition. They describe the
architectural details for an illusionist ceiling fresco.

Studies for a Ceiling

Decoration, Charles
de la Fosse, about
1680
Form has depth as well as width and height. Three-
dimensional form is the basis of sculpture, furniture,
and decorative arts. Three-dimensional forms can be
seen from more than one side, such as this sculpture
of a rearing horse.

Rearing Horse, Adriaen de

Vries, 1610–1615

Geometric shapes and forms include

mathematical, named shapes such as squares,
rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, and cones.
Geometric shapes and forms are often man-made.
However, many natural forms also have geometric
shapes. This cabinet is decorated with designs of
geometric shapes.

Commode, Jean-
François Oeben, about
1760

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Organic shapes and forms are typically
irregular or asymmetrical. Organic shapes are
often found in nature, but man-made shapes can
also imitate organic forms. This wreath uses
organic forms to simulate leaves and berries.

Gold Wreath, Greek,

300–100 B.C.

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Study the shapes below:

Draw your own figure next to the illustration

http://www.basic-mathematics.com/solid-figures.html

Solid figures
Solid figures are three-dimensional. Prism: A prism is a figure made of two
parallel faces that are polygons of the same shape and sides that are
parallelograms.

Triangular prism: A prism with triangular faces. The following is a

triangular prism.

Cube: A cube is a prism with squares for sides and faces. The following is a
cube.

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Pyramid: A figure with a base that is a polygon and triangular sides. The
following is a pyramid.

Cone: A cone has a circular base connected to a vertex. The following is a

cone.

Cylinder: A cylinder has two equal circular bases that are parallel. The
following is a cylinder.

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Sphere: A figure with a curved surface in which all points on the surface are
equal distance from the center. The following is a sphere.

Complete the Solid Figures worksheet, using the information you learned.

http://www.commoncoresheets.com/Math/Shapes/Identifying%20Solid%2
0Figures/English/1.pdf

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Space

Real space is three-dimensional. Space in a work of art refers to a feeling of

depth or three dimensions. It can also refer to the artist's use of the area
within the picture plane. The area around the primary objects in a work of
art is known as negative space, while the space occupied by the primary
objects is known as positive space.

Positive and negative space

The relationship of positive to negative space can greatly
affect the impact of a work of art. In this drawing, the man
and his shadow occupy the positive space, while the white
space surrounding him is the negative space. The
disproportionate amount of negative space accentuates the
figure's vulnerability and isolation.

He Can No
Longer at the
Age of 98,
Francisco José
de Goya y
Lucientes,
1819–1823
Three-dimensional space
The perfect illusion of three-dimensional space in
a two-dimensional work of art is something that
many artists, such as Pieter Saenredam, labored
to achieve. The illusion of space is achieved
through perspective drawing techniques and
shading.

Saint Bavo, Haarlem,

Pieter Jansz.
Saenredam, 1634

Space in a two-dimensional drawing or painting refers to the arrangement of

objects on the picture plane. The picture plane is the surface of your
drawing paper or canvas. You can have a picture plane that is a crowded
space with lots of objects or an empty space with very few objects in the
picture plane. A two-dimensional piece of art has height and width but no
depth. The illusion of depth can be achieved by using perspective. This is
the technique used to have your picture look likes it is moving to the
distance like a landscape or cityscape.
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Categories of Space

· Positive space- In a drawing or painting positive space is the solid

forms in a design such as a bowl of fruit. In a sculpture it is the solid
form of the sculpture.

Negative space- In a drawing it is the space around the positive shape

or the shape around the bowl of fruit. In sculpture it is the empty shape
around and between the sculptures.

· Picture Plane is the flat surface of your drawing paper or canvas.

· Composition is the organization and placement of the elements on

your picture plane.

· Focal Point is the object or area you want the viewer to look at first.

Which is square is an example of positive

space and which square is an example
of negative space?

White Square: __________________

Black Square: __________________

Examples of positive and negative space:

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Make your own illustration of negative and positive space:

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Using the internet, research an artist that uses negative and positive space
as a major part of his/her art.

Provide the information below:

Artist’s name: -
__________________________________________________
Art period: ___________________________________________________
Subject Matter (Who or What is Represented?) ______________________
Location (Where is the work of art now?)
____________________________________________________________
Does the viewer look up at it, or down at it? ________________________
Can it be seen on all sides, or just on one?___________________________
Technique and Medium:
Materials:
______________________________________________________
How was it executed?
_____________________________________________
How big or small is it?
_____________________________________________
In a few sentences, tell why you choose this illustration, what you like about
it, and don’t like about it.

Color

Light reflected off objects. Color has three main characteristics: hue (red,
green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright
or dull it is). Colors can be described as warm (red, yellow) or cool (blue,
gray), depending on which end of the color spectrum they fall.

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Value describes the brightness of color. Artists use
color value to create different moods. Dark colors in a
composition suggest a lack of light, as in a night or
interior scene. Dark colors can often convey a sense of
mystery or foreboding.

Light colors often describe a light source or light

reflected within the composition. In this painting, the
dark colors suggest a night or interior scene. The artist
used light colors to describe the light created by the
candle flame. Christ Crowned
with Thorns,
Gerrit van
Honthorst, about
1620

Intensity describes the purity or strength of a color.

Bright colors are undiluted and are often associated
with positive energy and heightened emotions. Dull
colors have been diluted by mixing with other colors
and create a sedate or serious mood. In this image
the artist captured both the seriousness and the joy
of the scene with the dull gray stone interior and the
bright red drapery.

The Annunciation,
Dieric Bouts, 1450–
1455

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Types of Color
1. Primary: The primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. They are the
first or main colors. They cannot be made by mixing other colors.
2. Secondary colors are orange, purple and green. They are made by
mixing together primary colors.

+ =

Red plus Yellow makes Orange

+ =

Red plus Blue makes Purple

+ =

Blue plus Yellow makes Green

3. Tertiary: The Tertiary colors are the browns and greys. They are made
by mixing together three primary colors.

+ + =

Red plus Blue plus Yellow makes Brown

Monochromatic Color Schemes

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A Monochromatic Color Scheme is created by taking any one of the
twelve Hues from the Basic Color Wheel and repeating it in various Tints,
Shades and Tones.
On the Color Wheel above, you see Orange has been selected. You might
think Orange is too bright to use as the basis for any color project. Or you
may think that using only one color will get really boring.
You would be surprised how many variations, both obvious and subtle, can
be achieved from just one color. This monochromatic color scheme approach
is actually considered very sophisticated and usually creates a calming
effect.
Take a look at how many possibilities that one color can begin to give us.

When you mix a little of the following pigments to quickly create these eight
colors.
• some white to get lightest Tints
• tiny drop of black to get darkest Shades
• a little gray to Tone things down
• more Orange to increase color
There are only 8 swatches shown here, but variations can be virtually
endless. As you can see, the effect can be quite interesting.
Notice how a monochromatic color scheme can have a variety of beautiful
paint colors in rich deep browns, pale corals, warm taupes, and
exciting jewel tones. All from one color – ORANGE

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Examples of Monochromatic Art:

Monochromatic Drawing:

Creating Value with Color – from the color schemes below, create your
own monochromatic color scheme

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Your turn:

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Texture

The surface quality of an object that we sense through touch. All objects
have a physical texture. Artists can also convey texture visually in two
dimensions.

In a two-dimensional work of art, texture gives a visual sense of how an

object depicted would feel in real life if touched: hard, soft, rough, smooth,
hairy, leathery, sharp, etc. In three-dimensional works, artists use actual
texture to add a tactile quality to the work.

Texture depicted in two-dimensions

Artists use color, line, and shading to imply textures. In
this painting, the man's robe is painted to simulate silk.
The ability to convincingly portray fabric of different types
was one of the marks of a great painter during the 17th
century.

Portrait of
Agostino
Pallavicini,
Anthony van
Dyck, 1621–
1623
Surface texture
The surface of this writing desk is metallic and
hard. The hard surface is functional for an object
that would have been used for writing. The
smooth surface of the writing desk reflects light,
adding sparkle to this piece of furniture.

Desk, French, 1692–

1700

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Creating Texture Pen and Paper Project

In this visual activity you will create texture by using repetitive patterns.
Using the 12 squares below, and a black ball point pen, draw a series of
patterns and textures. Do not use pencil.

Example:

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Texture Project:

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Bibliography:

https://www.education.com/download/worksheet/111488/inca-textiles.pdf

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