ENGINEERING REPORT

BEAM

Section A | Solid Mechanics II | Dated: 1/23/2021

Submitted to: Sir Imran Sikandar

PROJECT MEMBERS:

Muzammil Aslam (ME-18040)

M. Rizwan Abdullah (ME-18031)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Abstract………………………………………………………………………………
2.0 List of figures……………………………………………………………………..
3.0 List of tables………………………………………………………………………
4.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………..
4.1 Beams………………………………………………………………………
4.2 Methodology……………………………………………………………
5.0 Analytical Solution…………………………………………………………….
5.1 Using Energy Method…..………………………………………….
5.2 Using Double Integration..……………………………………….
6.0 ANSYS Simulation……………………………………………………………...
7.0 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..

PAGE 1
1.0 ABSTRACT

As the population of the world keeps on increasing, the motion of

the vehicles have been increased which results in traffic. So, the
traffic has to be reduced which led to the construction of
structural members (i.e., bridges). So, it is necessary to study how
much load that can be carried by these bridges.
The main aim of our project is to study the effects of uniformly
distributed loading on a wide-flange W310 x 52. We find the
deflection, as well as the reaction forces along the beam using
various analytical methods and then verify our results using
ANSYS software.

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4.0 INTODUCTION
4.1 BEAM

A beam is a structural member which is acted upon by a system of

external loads acting transversely to the axis. There are different
types of loads in which the beam gets deflected because of
concentration of load. Beams generally carry vertical gravitational
forces and also carry horizontal loads. Beams are characterized
based on their profile i.e., shape of cross section, their length,
their material.
In this project, we used a wide flange W310 x 52 with a cross
sectional area of 6650 mm2 and a depth of 317 mm.
The beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed loading of
25,000 N/m. The modulus of elasticity of beam material is
200 GPa.

PAGE 3
 4.2 METHODOLOGY

The following methods are used for calculation of beam

deflections as well as the reaction forces.
i. Double Integration Method.
ii. Energy Method.
iii. ANSYS Simulation.

5.0 ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

5.1 ENERGY METHOD

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 ∑ M 0 =0
x
 − M 1 − M 0 + R1 x −qx ( )=0
2
2
x
 M 1=− M 0 + R1 x − q →(01)
2

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 ∑ M 1=0
a b
 − M 1 + R1 a −qa( )+qb( )=0
2 2
2 2
a b
 M 1 − R 1 a+ q − q =0
2 2
→(02)

Putting value of M 1∈equ(02)

x2 a2 b2
 − M 0 + R1 x − q
2
− R 1 a+ q −q =0
2 2
2 2 2
 M 0= R1 x − q x − R1 a+ q a −q b
2 2 2
q
 M 0= R1( x − a) + (− x 2 +a2 −b 2)
2
∂M0
 ∂ R1
=( x − a)

We know that
l
∂U 1 q
 ∂ R1 [ ]
= y1 = ∫ R1 (x −a)+ (− x 2 +a2 −b 2) ( x −a)dx
EI 0 2
l
1
 y 1= ∫ R (x − a)( x − a)+ q2 (− x 2+ a2 − b2 )( x − a) dx
EI 0 1[ ]
l
1 q q q q q q
 y 1=
EI
∫[ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ]
R1 x 2 − R1 2 ax + R1 a2 + a2 x − b2 x − x3 − a3 + b2 a+ x 2 a dx
0

PAGE 6
 3
 EI y 1=R1 x3 − R 1 a x 2 + R1 a2 x + q4 a2 x 2 − q4 b 2 x 2 − q8 x 4 − q2 a3 x+ q2 b2 ax + q6 x 3 a +
C1

At x =0 , y 1=0 , C 1=0 (fixed support)

At x =5 , q=25 kN , y 1=0 , C 1=0 (Roller support)
After putting values, we get

 41.666 R1 =2278.6458
 R1=54.688 KN
+→

∑ F Y =0
 R1 −q (l)+ R2 =0
 54.688 −25 ∗7.5+ R 2=0
R2=132.817 KN
From equation (1)
M 1=39.065 KNm

5.2 DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

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 +↑ ∑ F y =0
 R1 −q (l)+ R2 =0
 R1=q(l)− R 2 →(01)
∑ M 1=0(+C . W )
l
 - M 1 − R 2 a+ ql( 2 )=0
l
 M 1=− R 2 a+ ql ( )
2
→(02)

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 +↑ ∑ F y =0

 R1 −q ( x)+V 0 + R2=0→(0 3)
 ∑ M 0 =0(+C . W )
2
 − M 1 − M 0+ R1 × x − q x =0 →(0 4)
2

 ∑ M 0 =0(+C . W )

x
 − M 1 − M 0 + R1 x −qx ( )=0
2
Putting value of M 1
l x
 R2 a −ql ( )− M 0 + R1 x −qx ( )=0
2 2
l x
 M 0=R2 a − ql( )+ R1 x − qx ( )
2 2
2 2
l +x
 EIV ' = R2 a −q (
2
)+ R1 x ∴ R 1=q( l) − R2 ¿
¿
2 2
l +x
 EIV ' = R2(a − x )− q(
2
)+q lx

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 2 2
EIV`= R2 ax − R 2 x2 + qL2x q 2 q 3
L x − x +C 1 →(0 5)
−
2 6
2 3 2 2
x x L 3 L x x4
EIV= 2 2 2 6 6
R a − R +q x − q
4
− q
24
+C1 x+ C2

since C 1 ¿ C 2=0 at x=0 ,EIV=0 , EIV`¿ 0

At x=a , EIV=0
a3 a3 a3 2
2 a a4
) − R2 ( )+ qL( )−q L ( )−q ( )+0+ 00 = R2 ¿) +qL
0 = R2 (
2 6 6 4 24
3 2
a 2 a
( )−q L ( )− q ¿)
6 4
since a=5 , q=25 KN and L=7.5
Hence
 R2=132.812 KN R1=54.687 KN

 M 1=39.065 KNm

Put R1=54.687 KN , q=25 K N,x=5 m , ¿ equ ¿)

 Shear Force V 2=70.320 KN

Put R1=54.687 KN , q=25 K N, x=5 m , M 1=39.065 KN − m ¿ equ ¿)

 M 0=78.165 KN − m

 ∴using concept of continuity

q 3
EI v3 = 6 x 2 +C3
x 2 qL x 2 q 2 q 3 q 3
R2 ax − R 2 + − L x − x +C 1= x 2 +C 3 →(0 6)
2 2 2 6 6
2 3 3
x x qL x q 2 2 q 4 q 4
R2 a − R 2 + − L x − x +C1= x 2 +C 3 x 2 +C 4 →(0 7)
2 6 6 4 24 24

At l=7.5 m , a=x=5 m,b=2.5 m, R2=132.812 KN ,q=25 KN , x 2=2.5 m put in eq ¿)

 C 3=− 97662.5

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 At C 3=− 97662.5,t l=7.5 m , a=x=5 m,b=x 2=2.5 m, R2=132.812 KN ,
q=25 KN , x 2=2.5 m put in eq ¿)

 C 4=203444.062

For Vertical Displacement and Rotation at Node 3

q 3
EI v3 = 6 x 2 +C3 ∴ C3=− 97662.5

 v3=4.117 ×10− 3 m
q 4
EIθ3= 24 x 2 +C 3 x 2 +C 4 ∴ C4 =203444.062

 θ3=4.459 × 10−3 radians

For Vertical Displacement and Rotation at node 2

Put x=7.5 m , a=5 m ,l=7.5 m, q=25 KN , R2=132.812 KN , C 1=0∈equ 05We get v 2
2 2
EIV`= R2 ax − R 2 x2 + qL2x q 2 q 3
− L x − x +C 1
2 6

 v =−2.161 ×10 m
2
−6

θ x 2 qL x 2 q 2 q 3
EI 2= 2
R ax − R 2
2
+
2
− L x − x +C 1
2 6

 θ2=− 1.372× 10−3 radians

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