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Homework 12

This document contains homework problems from a student. Problem 6 asks to use the two-dimensional Divergence Theorem to prove Green's Theorem. It provides the setup and functions needed. Problem 8 asks to interpret line integrals geometrically for different vector fields F, relating them to the centroid of a region using Green's Theorem. Problem 9 asks to prove that the average value of a harmonic function u around a circle is the value of u at the center, using the Divergence Theorem and the fact that u is harmonic.

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35 views

Homework 12

This document contains homework problems from a student. Problem 6 asks to use the two-dimensional Divergence Theorem to prove Green's Theorem. It provides the setup and functions needed. Problem 8 asks to interpret line integrals geometrically for different vector fields F, relating them to the centroid of a region using Green's Theorem. Problem 9 asks to prove that the average value of a harmonic function u around a circle is the value of u at the center, using the Divergence Theorem and the fact that u is harmonic.

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ნიკა ქურდაძე
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Homework 12

Nika Kurdadze
December 5, 2020

16.3

6. We deduced the two-dimensional Divergence Theorem from Green’s Theorem. Reverse the
argument and use the two-dimensional Divergence Theorem to prove Green’s Theorem.
First notice that if T = T1 i + T2 j, than N = T2 i − T1 j we have function:

F = f1 (x, y)i + f2 (x, y)j

consider the function G = G1 i + G2 j where

G1 = f2 (x, y) G2 = −F1 (x, y)

We have:
ZZ ZZ
∂F2 ∂F1 ∂G1 ∂G2
( − )dA = ( − )dA
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
By divergence theorem we have:
ZZ I I I
∂G1 ∂G2
( − )dA = G • N ds = (F2 T2 + F1 T1 )ds = F • T ds
∂x ∂y
What was to be prooved

8. if C is the positively oriented boundaryHof a plane region R having area A and centroid
(x0 , y0 ), interpret geometrically the line integral F • dr, where (a)F = x2 j
centroid is found by integral: RR RR
R
xdA ydA
x0 = RR y0 = RRR
R
dA R
dA
denominator is simply A in both cases. By Green’s Theorem
I ZZ ZZ
∂F2 ∂F1
F • dr = ( − )dA = 2xdA = 2Ax0
R ∂x ∂y R

(b)F = xyj
I ZZ ZZ
∂F2 ∂F1
F • dr = ( − )dA = −xdA = −Ax0
R ∂x ∂y R

(c)F = y 2 i + 3xyj
I ZZ ZZ
∂F2 ∂F1
F • dr = ( − )dA = ydA = Ay0
R ∂x ∂y R

1
9. If u(x, y) is harmonic in a domain containing a disk of radius r with boundary Cr , then
the average value of u around the circle is the value of u at the centre. Prove this by showing that
the derivative of the average value with respect to r is zero using the Divergence Theorem and the
harmonicity of u, and the fact that the limit of the average value as r → 0 is the value of u at the
centre.
without lost of generality assume that center is at the origin. one abvious parametrization is Cr =
r cos(t)i + r sin(t)j, so overage value is:
R 2π
0
u(r cos(t), r sin(t))dt
2π
if we take gradient of that function and than take dot product with normal vector, we will see how
function changes in radial direction:
Z 2π Z 2π Z 2π
∂u ∂u
∇ u(r cos(t), r sin(t))dt = i+ j
0 0 ∂x 0 ∂y
Scalar product will be:
Z 2π Z 2π Z 2π I
∂u ∂u ∂u ∂u ∂u ∂u
N •( i+ j) = N •( i+ j)dt = N •( i+ j)ds
0 ∂x 0 ∂y 0 ∂x ∂y CR ∂x ∂y
By Divergence Theorem :
∂2u ∂2u
I ZZ
∂u ∂u
N •( i+ j)ds = ( 2 + 2 )dA
CR ∂x ∂y R ∂x ∂y
Which is zero, because function is harmonic.

So, function is constant for every R. if we approach R to zero, we get its value at center what was
to be proofed.

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