Lesson 4 MEASURES OF LOCATION OR POSITION

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. Define and illustrate quartiles, deciles and percentiles for grouped and
ungrouped data;

2. Explain the percentile rank for an observation of data set;

3. State the importance of the measure of location in interpreting grouped and

ungrouped data.

A measure of position determines the position of a single value in reference to

other values in a distribution of a sample or a population data.

The three commonly used measure of position: quartile, decile and percentile

A. Quartile

Quartiles are summary measures that divide the ranked data set into four equal
parts. These are first quartile Q1, second quartile Q2 , third quartile Q3 ,

 Quartile for Ungrouped Data

Qm = m ( n + 1 ) th - term set of data is odd

4

Qm = n / 2 th - term set of data is even

Where : m = position of the quartile

n = number of cases

Given the scores : 48 29 40 52 34 38 60 25 35

Determine the ff: Q1, Q2, Q3

Solution:

Arrange the data set in ascending order.

25 29 34 35 38 40 48 52 60 n = 9

Q1 = m ( n + 1 ) th - term set of data is odd

4

= 1 ( 9 + 1) / 4

= 10/4 = 2.5 th - term

Since, there is a decimal value in the position of Q 1 , use interpolation;

Take note that 2.5th term is between 2nd and 3rd term

The 3rd term is 34 while 2nd term is 29

Subtract: 34 – 29 = 5

Multiply the decimal value by the difference of the 3 rd term and 2nd term

5 x 0.5 = 2.5 , this value is added to the value of the 2 nd term

Thus, 29 + 2.5 = 31.5

Q1 = 31.5

Computing Q2 :

Q2 = m ( n + 1 ) th - term set of data is odd

4

Q2 = 2 ( 9 + 1) / 4

= 2(10)/4

= 5 th - term = 38

Q2 = 38
Compute Q3 :

Q3 = m ( n + 1 ) th - term set of data is odd

4

= 3 ( 9 + 1) th – term
4

= 3( 10) /4

= 30/4 = 7.5 th - term

Interpolate : 8th term = 52

7th term = 48

52 – 48 = 4 ; 4 x 0.5 = 2

Add to the 7th term = 48 + 2 = 50

Q3 = 50

 Quartiles of the Grouped Data

Qm = LCB + mn - <F
4 i
f

where ;
LCB = lower limit of the class boundary of the quartile class

f = frequency of the quartile class

i = class size

<F = less than cumulative frequency of the preceding class

Example :

Class interval f <F CB

70 - 74 3 3 69.5 - 74.5

75 - 79 5 8 74.5 - 79.5

80 - 84 12 20 79.5 - 84.5

85 - 89 8 28 84.5 - 89.5

90 - 94 2 30 89.5 - 94.5

n = 30

Find: Q1, Q2, Q3

Mn / 4 - < F
Qm = LCB + ------------------ ( i )
f

Solution: Q1 = 1n /4 = 30/4 = 7.5 -----à 8 in the <F

LQ1 = 74.5

<F = 3

i = 5

f = 5

1(30) /4 - 3
Q1 = LCB + -------------------- ( 5)
5

7.5 - 3
Q1 = 74.5 + ---------------- ( 5)
5

= 74.5 + ( 4.5 / 5) x 5

= 74.5 + (0.9) 5

= 74.5 + 4.5

Q1 = 79
Computing Q2

Class interval f <F CB

70 - 74 3 3 69.5 - 74.5

75 - 79 5 8 74.5 - 79.5

80 - 84 12 20 79.5 - 84.5

85 - 89 8 28 84.5 - 89.5

90 - 94 2 30 89.5 - 94.5

n = 30

Solution :

Q2 = 2( 30) /4 = 60 / 4 = 15 -- 8 = 20 CB = 79.5 - 84.5

LQ2 = 79.5

<F = 8

f = 12

15 - 8
Q2 = 79.5 + ------------ ( 5)
12
= 79.5 + ( 7/12) x 5

= 79.5 + 2.92

Q2 = 82.42

Computing Q3
 3n / 4 - <F
Q3 = LCB + ---------------- ( i )
f

Class interval f <F CB

70 - 74 3 3 69.5 - 74.5

75 - 79 5 8 74.5 - 79.5

80 - 84 12 20 79.5 - 84.5

85 - 89 8 28 84.5 - 89.5

90 - 94 2 30 89.5 - 94.5

n = 30

Solution

Q3 = 3(30)/4 = 90 / 4 = 22.5 ; CB = 84.5 - 89.5

LQ3 = 84.5

<F = 20

f = 8

22.5 - 20
Q3 = 84.5 + -------------- (5)
8

Q3 = 84.5 + ( 2.5/ 8 ) x 5

Q3 = 84.5 + 1.56

Q3 = 86.06

B. Deciles
Deciles are summary measures that that divides the ranked data set into 10 equal
parts.

 Deciles for Ungrouped Data

Dm = m(n + 1) / 10 th - term

Example

Find the following decile points using the following scores :

48 29 40 52 34 38 60 25 35

Find : a. D2 , b. D5 , c. D7

Finding D2 :

Dm = m(n + 1) / 10 th - term

Solution:

Arrange the data set in ascending order.

25 29 34 35 38 40 48 52 60 n = 9

D2 = 2(9 + 1) / 10 th - term

= 2(10) / 10 = 20 / 10 = 2  2nd term

D2 = 29

Finding D5

Solution:
 Arrange the data set in ascending order.

25 29 34 35 38 40 48 52 60 n = 9

D5 = 5 ( 9 +1 ) / 10 th - term

= 5 (10) /10 = 50 /10 = 5  5th term

D5 = 38

Finding D7

Solution:

Arrange the data set in ascending order.

25 29 34 35 38 40 48 52 60 n = 9

D7 = 7 ( 9 +1 ) / 10 th - term

= 7(10) /10 = 70/10 = 7 --à 7th term

D7 = 48

 Decile for Grouped Data

mn /10 - <F
Dm = LCB + --------------- ( i )
f

where ;
LCB = lower limit of the class boundary of the decile class

f = frequency of the decile class

i = class size

<F = less than cumulative frequency of the preceding class

Example:

Compute the decile of the following grouped data

Find : a. D1 b. D9
 Class interval f CB <F

11 – 20 5 10.5 - 20.5 5

21 - 30 7 20.5 - 30.5 12

31 - 40 12 30.5 - 40.5 24

41 - 50 22 40.5 - 50.5 46

51 - 60 8 50.5 - 60.5 54

61 - 70 4 60.5 - 70.5 58

71 - 80 2 70.5 - 80.5 60

n = 60

Finding the D1

D1 = mn / 10 = 1( 60)/ 10 = 6 , >F = 12 , CB = 21 - 30

mn /10 - <F
D1 = LCB + ------------------ (i)
f
LCB = 20.5

>F = 5

f = 7

i = 10
6 - 5
D1 = 20.5 + ---------- x 10
7

= 20.5 + ( 1/7 ) x 10

= 20.5 + 1.43

D1 = 21.93

Finding D9

Class interval f CB <F

11 – 20 5 10.5 - 20.5 5
 21 - 30 7 20.5 - 30.5 12

31 - 40 12 30.5 - 40.5 24

41 - 50 22 40.5 - 50.5 46

51 - 60 8 50.5 - 60.5 54

61 - 70 4 60.5 - 70.5 58

71 - 80 2 70.5 - 80.5 60

n = 60

D9 = mn / 10 = 9( 60)/ 10 = 54 , >F = 54 , CB = 51 - 60

mn /10 - <F
D9 = LCB + ------------------ (i)
f

54 - 46
= 50.5 + ----------- x 10
8

= 50.5 + 10

D9 = 60.5

C. Percentile

Percentile are the summary measures that divides the ranked data set into
100 equal parts.
  Percentile for Ungrouped Data

Pm = m ( n + 1) / 100 th - term

Example :

Find : a. P25 b. P42 c. P87

Given : 25 48 34 35 60 38 29 40 52

Arrange in ascending order :

25 29 34 35 38 40 48 52 60

P25

Pm = m ( n + 1) / 100 th - term

P25 = 25( 9 + 1 ) / 100

= 25 ( 10 ) / 100

= 250 / 100

= 2.5 th - term located between 2 nd and 3rd term

By interpolation :

= 34 – 29 = 5 ( 0.5) = 2.5 add to the 2 nd term

= 29 + 2.5

P25 = 31.5

P42

P42 = 42 ( 9 + 1 ) / 100
 = 42 ( 10 ) / 100

= 420 / 100

= 4.2 th - term located between 4 th and 5th term

By interpolation:

P42 = 38 - 35 = 3 ( 0.2 ) = 0.6 add to 4 th term 35 + 0.6 = 35.6

P42 = 35.6

P87

P87 = 87 ( 9 + 1 ) / 100

= 87 ( 10 ) / 100

= 870 / 100

= 8.7 th - term located between 8th and 9th term

By interpolation;

P87 = 60 - 52 = 8 ( 0.7 ) = 5.6

add to the 8th term 52 + 5.6 = 5.6

P87 = 57 .6

 Percentiles for Grouped Data

 mn / 100 - >F
Pm = LCB + -------------------- ( i )
f

Class interval f CB <F

11 – 20 5 10.5 - 20.5 5

21 - 30 7 20.5 - 30.5 12

31 - 40 12 30.5 - 40.5 24

41 - 50 22 40.5 - 50.5 46

51 - 60 8 50.5 - 60.5 54

61 - 70 4 60.5 - 70.5 58

71 - 80 2 70.5 - 80.5 60

n = 60

Find : a. P12 b. P42 c. P80

P12

mn / 100 - >F
P12 = LCB + -------------------- ( i )
f

P12 = mn /100 = 12 ( 60) / 100 = 720 / 100 = 7.2

CI = 21 - 30 ; CB = 20.5 - 30.5

LCB = 20.5

>F = 5

f = 7

i = 10

7.2 - 5
P12 = 20.5 + -------------------- (10 )
7
 = 20.5 + ( 2.2 /7 ) x 10

= 20.5 + 3.14

P12 = 23.64

P42

Class interval f CB <F

11 – 20 5 10.5 - 20.5 5

21 - 30 7 20.5 - 30.5 12

31 - 40 12 30.5 - 40.5 24

41 - 50 22 40.5 - 50.5 46

51 - 60 8 50.5 - 60.5 54

61 - 70 4 60.5 - 70.5 58

71 - 80 2 70.5 - 80.5 60

n = 60

mn / 100 - >F
P42 = LCB + -------------------- ( i )
f

P42 = mn /100 = 42 ( 60) / 100 = 2520 / 100 = 25.2

CI = 41 - 50 , CB = 40.5 - 50.5

LCB = 40.5

>F = 24

f = 22

i = 10

25.2 - 24
P42 = 40.5 + -------------------- ( 10 )
 22

= 40.5 + 1.2 /22 (10)

= 40.5 + 0.55

P42 = 41.05

P80

Class interval f CB <F

11 – 20 5 10.5 - 20.5 5

21 - 30 7 20.5 - 30.5 12

31 - 40 12 30.5 - 40.5 24

41 - 50 22 40.5 - 50.5 46

51 - 60 8 50.5 - 60.5 54

61 - 70 4 60.5 - 70.5 58

71 - 80 2 70.5 - 80.5 60

n = 60

mn / 100 - >F
P80 = LCB + -------------------- ( i )
f

P80 = mn /100 = 80 ( 60) / 100 = 4800 / 100 = 48

CI = 51 - 60 , CB = 50.5 - 60.5

LCB = 50.5

>F = 46

f = 8

48 - 46
P80 = 50.5 + -------------------- ( 10 )
 8

P80 = 50.5 + [2/8 ] 10

= 50.5 + 2.5

P80 = 53

Exercise 4
A. Given are the scores of 10 students from their test:

26 28 20 18 22 25 29 27 26

Compute the fo0llowing:

1. Q1 4. Q3 7. D7 10. Q2
2. D5 5. D3 8. P26
3. P72 6. P18 9. P82

B. The following data represent the scores of engineering students in their

assessment exam.

Scores f

54 - 58 2

59 - 63 5

64 - 68 8

69 - 73 1

74 - 78 3

79 - 83 5

84 - 88 1

Answer the following:

____5______1. Class size

___69-73___2. Median Class

____68.5___3. Lower boundary of the median class

____70____4. Mid point of the median class

___73.5___5. Upper limit of the median class

__64-68__6. Modal class

____63.5____7. Lower limit of the modal class

____18______8. Number of students with scores greater than 63

____66____9. Class mark of the modal class

____60%___10. Percentage of students with score less than 69

____69.4____11. Find the mean

____56_____12. Find the median

_____67_____13. Find the mode

__66.9375__14. P50

___62.75___15. Q1

___78.08___16. Q3

___61.5___17. D2

__65.375__18. D4

___68.5___19. P60

____82___20. P90