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What Is A CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) & Its Working

The document discusses the working of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). It is divided into four sections - display, vertical controllers, horizontal controllers, and triggers. It uses an electron beam produced by a cathode ray tube to detect and display electrical signals on the fluorescent screen. The vertical and horizontal deflection plates control the movement of the electron beam in response to input signals to generate the displayed waveform. The trigger circuit synchronizes the beam detection in the horizontal and vertical axes.

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Rai Mudassar Iqbal
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503 views4 pages

What Is A CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) & Its Working

The document discusses the working of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). It is divided into four sections - display, vertical controllers, horizontal controllers, and triggers. It uses an electron beam produced by a cathode ray tube to detect and display electrical signals on the fluorescent screen. The vertical and horizontal deflection plates control the movement of the electron beam in response to input signals to generate the displayed waveform. The trigger circuit synchronizes the beam detection in the horizontal and vertical axes.

Uploaded by

Rai Mudassar Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment Lab physics v

Submitted to :Umer Saeed

Submitted by: Mudassar iqbal

Reg no. BSPSR07183026

BS PHYSICS

What is a CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) & Its


Working
. It is typically divided into four sections which are display, vertical controllers,
horizontal controllers, and Triggers. Most of the oscilloscopes are used the
probes and they are used for the input of any instrument. We can analyze the
waveform by plotting amplitude along with the x-axis and y-axis. The
applications of CRO are mainly involved in the radio, TV receivers, also in
laboratory work involving research and design. In modern electronics,

it is used to obtain waveforms when the different input signals are given.
In the early days, it is called as an Oscillograph. The oscilloscope observes
the changes in the electrical signals over time, thus the voltage and time
describe a shape and it is continuously graphed beside a scale. By seeing the
waveform, we can analyze some properties like amplitude, frequency, rise
time, distortion, time interval, and etc.
he CRO recruits the cathode ray tube and acts as a heat of the oscilloscope.
In an oscilloscope, the CRT produces the electron beam which is accelerated
to a high velocity and brings to the focal point on a fluorescent screen.
Thus, the screen produces a visible spot where the electron beam strikes with
it. By detecting the beam above the screen in reply to the electrical signal, the
electrons can act as an electrical pencil of light which produces a light where it
strikes.

To complete this task we need various electrical signals and voltages. This
provides of the oscilloscope. Here we will use high voltage and low voltage.
The low voltage is used for the heater of the electron gun to generate the
electron beam. A high voltage is required for the cathode ray tube to speed up
the beam. The normal voltage supply is necessary for other control units of
the oscilloscope.
The horizontal and vertical plates are placed between the electron gun and
the screen, thus it can detect the beam according to the input signal. Just
before detecting the electron beam on the screen in the horizontal direction
which is in X-axis a constant time-dependent rate, a time base generator is
given by the oscillator. The signals are passed from the vertical deflection
plate through the vertical amplifier. Thus, it can amplify the signal to a level
that will be provided the deflection of the electron beam.

If the electron beam is detected in the X-axis and the Y-axis a trigger circuit is
given for synchronizing these two types of detections. Hence the horizontal
deflection starts at the same point as the input signal.
Working Principle

The CRO working principle depends on the electron ray movement because
of the electrostatic force. Once an electron ray hits a phosphor face, then it
makes a bright spot on it. A Cathode Ray Oscilloscope applies the
electrostatic energy on the electron ray from two vertical ways. The spot on
the phosphor monitor turns due to the effect of these two electrostatic forces
which are mutually perpendicular. It moves to make the necessary waveform
of the input signal.

The construction of CRO includes the following.

 Cathode Ray Tube


 Electronic Gun Assembly
 Deflecting Plate
 Fluorescent Screen For CRT
 Glass Envelop
The CRO is the vacuum tube and the main function of this device is to change
the signal from electrical to visual. This tube includes the electron gun as well
as the electrostatic deflection plates. The main function of this electron gun is
used to generate a focused electronic ray that speeds up to high frequency.

The vertical deflection plate will turn the ray up & down whereas the horizontal
ray moved the electrons beams from the left side to the right side. These
actions are autonomous from each other and thus the ray may be located
anyplace on the monitor.

The main function of the electron gun is to emit the electrons to form them into
a ray. This gun mainly includes a heater, a grid, cathode, and anodes like
accelerating, pre-accelerating & focusing. At the cathode end, the strontium &
barium layers are deposited to obtain the high electrons emission of electrons
at the moderate temperature, the layers of barium, and are deposited at the
end of the cathode.

Once the electrons are generated from the cathode grid, then it flows
throughout the control grid that is generally a nickel cylinder through a
centrally situated co-axial by the axis of CRT. So, it controls the strength of
the generated electrons from the cathode.
When electrons flow throughout the control grid then it accelerates with the
help of a high positive potential which is applied to the pre-accelerating or
accelerating nodes. The electron ray is concentrated on electrodes to flow
throughout the deflection plates like horizontal and vertical & supplies on to
the fluorescent lamp.

The anodes like accelerating & pre-accelerating are connected to 1500v & the
focusing electrode can be connected to 500v. The electron ray can be
focused on using two techniques like Electrostatic & Electromagnetic
focusing. Here, a cathode ray oscilloscope utilizes an electrostatic focusing
tube.

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