Published on: 17 march, 2018 Next Update on 22 April, 2019

Agronomy Notes
Page | 1
by Agri Coaching Chandigarh
We are the makers of AFOs

Prepared by: D.K. Wadhwa

Anand Verma
Contact Number: 9828822277, 9023284483
Address: Shivalik City, Landran Road, Mohali.

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Important terms of Agronomy

1. Abscission: Detachment of fruit, leaf or other parts from a plant is called abscission.
2. Adsali sugarcane: A 18-20 month sugarcane crop is called adsali sugarcane.
3. After tillage: Tillage operations carried out in the standing crop either to the crop or the field
Page | 2 care called after tillage.

4. Agrobiology: Study of agronomy dealing with the relation of yield to the quantity of an added
or available fertilizer element is called agrobiology.
5. Agrology: Study of applied phases of soil science and soil management.
6. Agrostology: Science which deals with the study of grasses their classification, management
and utilization is called agrostology.
7. Alley cropping: A framing system in which arable crops are grown in alleys formed by trees
or shrubs established mainly to hasten soil fertility restoration and enhance soil productivity.
8. Arable crops: Annual crops which required the land to be ploughed and cultivated and seeds
to be sown are called arable crops.
9. Begasse: The mill residues from the cane sugar industry consisting of crushed stalks from
which the juice has been extracted or the remnants of sugarcane after extraction of the juice is
called bagasse.
10. Bolt: Formation of an elongated floral stalk in biennial plants during second season of
growth are termed as bolt.
11. Booting: State of plant growth indicated by swelling of flag leaf.
12. Bran: The pericarp, testa and the aleurone layer of cereal seeds which are removed in
milling.
13. Brix: The percentage of total solids in sugarcane juice, read from brix hydrometer.
14. Carrying capacity: The number of animals that can graze in a unit area without over grazing
or under grazing in an average season is called carrying capacity.
15. Crop lodging: A state of standing crop in the field being flattened before harvesting by
heavy rain and or wind either as a result of excessive soil fertility or the presence of fungal
diseases on stem is called crop lodging.
16. Crop production: It is concerned with the exploitation of plant morphological and plant
physiological responses within a soil and atmospheric to produce a high yield per unit area of
land.
17. Crop productivity: Economic yield or production of plant product of economic importance,
expressed importance, expressed in standard units per unit area.

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18. Deferred grazing: System of grazing in which a part of the grassland area is delayed from
grazing until after seed maturity is called deferred grazing.
19. Delinting: The process of removal of shoots known as the seed of cotton is called delinting.
20. Earthing up: Process of keeping the loose soil near the base of the plant to provide
Page | 3
additional support for the anchorage is called earthing up.
21. Economic yield: A fraction of the biological yield which is useful for man is known as
economic yield.
22. Ensiling: The process of making silage is called ensiling.
23. Flooping: Refers to wilting of tobacco due to waterlodging.
24. Harvest index: The ratio of economic yield to biological yield is called harvest index.
25. Heading: Emergence of the panicle out of the flag leaf sheath is called heading.
26. Heaving injury: Lifting upward of the plant along with the soil from its normal position in
temperature regions where snowfall is a common phenomenon is called heaving injury.
27. Hulling: Process of removing hull or husk and bran in one operation is called hulling.
28. Isotope: They are the elements with equal numbers of protons and having different masses.
29. Lay farming: Growing grasses in rotation with agriculture crops is termed lay farming.
30. Legume inoculation: The addition of proper strain of N fixing bacteria to legume seed or to
the soil in which the seed is to be planted.
31. Meadows: Area covered with grasses and or succulent forage legumes grown primarily for
hay.
32. Moriculture: Cultivation of mulberry plants is called moriculture.
33. Paira or utera crop: Crop sown broadcast in the standing crop of lowland rice before its
harvest where the residual moisture is used for the establishment of utera crop, practiced in
Linseed.
34. Paraboiling rice: Rice obtained after soaking it in the water, steaming it in hot water and
drying it in the sun.
35. Raceme: Flower cluster with separate flowers on short equal stalks springing from a main
central stem, the lowest flowers opening first.
36. Ribboning: Process of peeling out raw bark from the green plant immediately after harvest
of jute plants is called ribboning.
37. Rosette: Profuse leaf development with retarded internode growth to give bunchy or rosette
appearance is called rosette.
38. Safe yield: Amount of water that can be withdrawn annually from a basin or source without

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producing an undesirable result is called safe yield.

39. Sciophytes: Shade tolerant species which do not require more light.
40. Seed index: Weight of 100 seeds is termed seed index.
41. Shelling: The process of removal of grains from cobs or kernels from pods or husk from
Page | 4
paddy.
42. Shelling percentage: The proportion of kernels to pods by weight and is expressed as
percentage is known as shelling percentage.
43. Sink: Part of the plant where photosynthesis accumulate, generally grains are the sink.
44. Stratification: Process of breaking dormancy of hard seed coat by temperature treatment is
called stratification.
45. Subsistence crop: The crop which is grown under certain problematic conditions when no
other crop can be grown.
46. Subsitence farming: Farming enterprise which provides food and commodities just
sufficient for farming family, and there are no surplus to sell.
47. Succession: An orderly sequence of different plant communities in an area is called
succession.
48. Sympodial branches: When main axis stops growing due to either its abortion or its
development into a flower and the growth of branches exceeds the main axis it is called
sympodial branches.
49. Test weight: Refers to weight of a fixed number of seeds i.e. 1000 seed weight.
50. Top feed: Leaves of trees or shrubs which are used for feeding livestock are called top feeds.
51. Truck crops: Crops which yield in tones and grown for distant market requiring heavy
transport.
52. Upland: Cultivable land situated on high ground or the land which has perfect natural
drainage.
53. Vertical mulching: Digging narrow trenches across the slope at intervals and placing straw
or crop residues in these trenches to increase infiltration rate and conserving moisture in vertisols
is called vertical mulching.
54. Yield components: The parameters or attributes or characters that are directly related to the
crop yield are called yield components.
55. Yield maximization: Agronomic practices adapted to get the highest possible crop
production per unit area per unit time without considering either the cost of production or net
return.

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Agronomy
Agronomy: Agronomy is derived from a Greek word ‘agros’ meaning ‘field’ and ‘nomos’
meaning ‘management’. Principles of agronomy deal with scientific facts in relations to
environment in which crop are produced.
Page | 5

Definition of Agronomy-
➢ It is defined as an agricultural science deals with principles and practices of crop
production and field management.
➢ With a 17% contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), agriculture still provides
livelihood support to about 54% of country's population.
➢ Agriculture accounts for about 15% of the total export earnings and provides raw material
to a large number of Industries (textiles, silk, sugar, rice, flour mills, milk products).
Agriculture’s eyes and minds are changed dynamically from brown (bare soil) to green
(growing crop) to golden (mature crop) and bumper harvests.

Evolution of man and Agriculture:

There are different stages in development of agriculture, which is oriented with human
civilization.

3. Crop
2. Pastoral
culture

4. Trade
(stages of
1. Hunting
human
civilization)
Stages

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Agriculture became civilized from crop culture stage. Some important events
for different periods that lead to development of scientific agriculture.

Page | 6
Earlier than 10000
7500 BC: Cultivation 3400 BC: Wheel was
BC: Hunting and
of Wheat and Barley invented
Gathering

2300 BC: Cultivated 2900 BC: Plough was 3000 BC: Bronze
of chickpea, Cotton, invented, irrigated used for making
Mustard farming started tools

2200 BC: Cultivation 1500 BC: Cultivation

1400 BC: Use of Iron
of rice of Sugarcane

1600 AD: Introduction of

Potato, Papaya, tapioca, 1500 AD: Cultivation
tomato, Chillies, Pineapple, 1000 BC: Use of iron
of orange, Brinjal,
Groundnut, Tobacco, Plough
pomegranate
Rubber, American cotton.

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About ICAR and other organizations

➢ Who was the first deputy director general of horticulture , ICAR - Dr. K.L.
Chadha
➢ ICAR day is celebrated on 16 July
Page | 7 ➢Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmer welfare is the ex-office President of the
ICAR society (President- Radha Mohan Singh).
➢Agro Ecological Zones in India is 8( by NARP ICAR), 21(by NBSSLUP)—but now
only 20
➢Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research &Education Ministry of
Agriculture, Govt, of India & Director General, ICAR-the Principal Executive
Officer of the Council. (Present DG – Dr. T. Mahapatra)
➢Number of-
 KVKs -692
 Agricultural Universities-64
 Deemed Universities-4
 Central Agricultural Universities: 3 (1.Central Agricultural University, Manipur
2. Rani Laxmi Bai Central Agricultural University,Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
3. Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University,Pusa, Bihar)
 ICAR Institutes- 64 (Newly added ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
Hazaribag, Jharkhand)
 National Research Centers- 15 (Newly added: National Research Centre on Integrated
Farming (ICAR-NRCIF), Motihar)
 National Bureaues-6
 Directorates-13
 AICRPs- 60
➢ Chairman of National Commission for Farmers- Dr. M.S. Swaminathan
➢ The Council launched a new initiative “Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Unnat Krishi
Shiksha Yojana” for training of farmers in organic farming and sustainable farming.

Milestones in Agriculture:

➢ 1880 - Department of Agriculture was established

➢ 1905 - Imperial Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) was started at Pusa, Bihar
➢ 1912 - Sugarcane Breeding Institute was established in Coimbatore
➢ 1929 - Imperial Council of Agricultural Research at New Delhi (then ICAR) after
independence becomes ICAR
➢ 1936 - Due to earth quake in Bihar, IARI was shifted to New Delhi and the place was
called with original name Pusa.
➢ 1962- First Agricultural University was started at Pantnagar.
➢ 1965-67 - Green revolution in India due to introduction of HYV –Wheat, rice, use of
fertilizers, construction of Dams and use of pesticides.
➢ 1982- NABARD established to refinance the rural sector.

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International Years Related to Agriculture observed by UN:

➢ 2004- International year of rice

Page | 8 ➢ 2005- International year of parthenium
➢ 2006- International year of desert and desertification
➢ 2007- International year of water
➢ 2008 - International year of potato
➢ 2009- International year of natural fibers
➢ 2010- International year of biodiversity
➢ 2011- International year of forest
➢ 2012- International year of cooperative
➢ 2013- International year of water cooperation
➢ 2014- International year of family farming
➢ 2015- International year of soil and Light
➢ 2016- International year of pulses (theme- nutritious seed for sustainable agriculture)
➢ 2017- International year of sustainable tourism
➢ 2018- Recommended for International year of millets (Declared as National year of millets)
➢2019: International year of Indigenous language

Famous name of crops:

S.No. Famous Crop Crop

1 King of cereals Wheat
2 Queen of cereals Maize
3 King of coarse cereals Sorghum
4 King of pulses Gram
5 Queen of pulses Pea
6 King of fruits Mango
7 Queen of fruits Mangosteern
8 King of temperate fruits Apple
9 King of spices Black Pepper
10 Queen of spices Cardamom
11 King of vegetables Potato
12 Poor man's meat/ boneless meat Soybean
13 Wonder crop Soybean
14 Famine reserves Millets
15 Camel crop Sorghum
16 Queen of oilseeds Sesame
17 King of oilseeds Mustard
18 King of fodder crops Berseem
19 Queen of fodder crops Lucerne
20 Poor man's fruit Jackfruit, Ber
21 King of arid and semi-arid fruits Ber

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Agro-climatic zones:

➢ An agro-climatic zone is a land unit uniform in respect of climate and length of growing
period (LGP) which is climatically suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars (FAO,
Page | 9 1983).

➢ Planning Commission in 7th Plan (1985-1990) divided the country into 15 ACZs based on
physiography and climate.
➢ The State Agricultural Universities were advised to divide each state into sub-zones,
under the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) under ICAR. Based on the rainfall
pattern, cropping pattern and administrative units, 127 agro-climatic zones are classified.

➢ Ecological regions:
➢ The whole country is divided into (15) 127 agro-climatic divisions & 20 agro-ecological
regions implying that there are several agro climatic zones in same ecological region, these
twenty agro-ecological zones were sub- divided into 60 sub-zones.
➢ Agro-ecological regions are given by the National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use
Planning (NBSS & LUP).

1 Western Himalayan Region J&K, HP, UP, Utranchal

2 Eastern Himalayan Region Assam Sikkim, West Bengal & North-Eastern
states
3 Lower Gangetic Plains Region West Bengal
4 Middle Gangetic Plains Region UP, Bihar
5 Upper Gangetic Plains Region UP
6 Trans-Gangetic Plains Region Punjab, Haryana, Delhi & Rajasthan
7 Eastern Plateau and Hills Region UP, Orissa & West Bengal
8 Central Plateau and Hills Region MP, Rajasthan, UP
9 Western Plateau and Hills Region Maharastra, MP & Rajasthan
10 Southern Plateau and Hills Region AP, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
11 East Coast Plains and Hills Region Orissa, AP, TN,& Pondichery
12 West Coast Plains and Ghat Region TN, Kerala, Goa, Karnataka, Maharastra
13 Gujarat Plains and Hills Region Gujarat
14 Western Dry Region Rajasthan
15 The Islands Region Andman & Nicaobar, Lakshya Deep

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Important days in Agriculture:

Important Days Date

WTO Foundation day 1st January
World wetland day 2nd February
Page | 10 National Science Day 28th February
International women’s day 8 March
World Consumers Day 15th March
World Forest Day/ International day of 21st March
Forest
World Water Day 22nd March
World Meteorological Day 23rd March
World Earth Day 22nd April
Panchayat Raj Day 24th April
World Intellectual Property Day 26th April
World Veterinary Day Last Saturday of April
International Labour Day 1st May
Greenery Day May 4
International Biodiversity Day/ 22nd May
International Day for Biological Diversity
World Milk Day 1st June
World Environment Day 5th June
World Day to Combat Desertification June 17
National Fish Husbandry Day 10th July
NABARD Foundation Day 12th July
ICAR Foundation Day 16th July
World honey Day 20th August
World Coconut Day 2nd September
World Ozone Day Sep 16
World Coffee Day 1 Oct
World Egg Day 2 Friday of October (13th October)
nd

National Women Farmer Day/ 15th October

International Day of Rural Woman
World Food Day 16th October
World Fish Day 21st November
National Milk Day 26th November
National Agriculture Education Day Babu 3rd December
Rajendra Prasad birthday)
Agriculture Women Day 4th December
World Soil Day 5th December
Farmers Day 23rd December
Jai Kisan Jai Vigyan Week 23-29 December

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Instruments used in Agriculture:

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome
Number (2n)

Page | 11
Instrument Measure
Pyranometer Total insolation (incoming radiation)
Pyreheliometer Direct solar radiation
Spectroradiometer Solar radiation in narrow wave length
Pyrgeometer Solar radiation in Long wave length
Pyradiometer Both Long and short wave length
Albedometer Radiation reflectivity or albedo
Spectrophotometer Wavelength of light
Campbell-Stroke sunshine recorder Duration of bright sunshine hours (used in
India)
Heliograph Duration of bright sunshine hours
Maximum thermometer Max. air temperature during day (2 pm)
(mercury used)
Minimum thermometer Min. air temperature during day (5 am)
(alcohol used)
Dry Bulb thermometer Air Temperature
Wet Bulb Thermometer Saturated air temperature
Thermograph Continuous air temperature
Barometer Atmospheric pressure
Anemometer Wind velocity
Wind vane Wind direction
Psychrometer/Hygrometer Indirect measurement of relative humidity
(RH)
Assmann Psychrometer RH in open and crop canopy
Hygrograph Continuous record of RH
Rain gauge Rainfall
Aerometer Density of gases
Piezometer Pressure of ground water (hydrostatic
pressure)
Pycnometer Specific gravity of soil
Hydrometer Specific gravity of liquid
Crescograph Plant growth (invented by J. C. Bose)
Auxanometer Plant growth .
Manometer Root pressure
Photometer Transpiration or stomata! behavior
Osmometer Osmosis
Lysimeter ET and percolation & leaching losses, i.e.,
Tensiometer/ lrrometer watertension
Soil moisture loss (SMT)

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Rice Oryza sativa, Oryza Poaceae 24

glaberrima
Wheat Triticum aetivum Poaceae 42
Spelt Wheat Triticum durum Poaceae
Durum Wheat Hybrid of Triticum Poaceae
Page | 12 aestivum and Secale
cereal
Barley Hordeum Vulgare Poaceae
Bajra(Pearl millet) Pennisetum Poaceae 14
americanum
Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor Poaceae 14
Corn (Maize) Zea mays Poaceae 20
Finger Millet Eleusine coracana Poaceae 36
Foxtail Millet Setaria italic Poaceae
Japanese millet Echinochloa esculenta Poaceae
Proso millet Panicum miliaceum Poaceae
Rye Secale cereal Poaceae
Buckwheat Fagopyrum Polygonaceae
esculentum
Classification of crops: (Cereals)

Pulses

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Chickpea (Gram pea) Cicer arietinum Leguminosae 14
Lentil Lens Culinaris Leguminosae 14
Pea Pisum sativum Leguminosae 14
Horse bean Vicia faba Leguminosae
Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan Leguminosae 22
Beans Paseolus vulgaris Leguminosae
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata Leguminosae

Oilseeds

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Soyabean Glysine max Leguminosae 40
Groundnut (peanut) Arachis hypogaea Leguminosae 40
Mustard Brassica sp. Brassicaceae 36
White mustard Sinapis alba Brassicaceae
Rapeseed (colza) Brassica napus Brassicaceae 20
Turnip Brassica rapa Brassicaceae
Sunflower Helianthus annuus Asteraceae 34
Safflower Carthamu stinctorius Asteraceae 20
Sesame Sesamum indicum Pedaliaceae 26
Castor Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae

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Fibers

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Page | 13 Cotton Gossypium spp. Malvaceae 26,52 for American
Cotton
Flax Linu musitatissimum Linaceae
Jute Corchorus spp. Tiliacea 14
Kenaf Hibiscus Cannabinus Malvaceae
Sunhemp Crotalaria juncea Leguminosae 16

Fodder

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Alfalfa Medicago sativa Leguminosae 32
Sudan grass Sorghum bicolor var. Poaceae 20
Sudanense
Berseem Trifolium Leguminosae 16
alexandrinum
Oats Avena spp. Poaceae 42

Sugar

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Sugarbeet Beta vulgaris Amaranthaceae 18
Sugarcane Saccharum Poaceae 80
officinarum

Beverage

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Coffee Coffea spp. Rubiaceae
Tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae
Chicory Cichorium intybus Asteraceae

Others

Crop Botanical name Family Chromosome

Number (2n)
Potato Solamum tuberosum Solanaceae 48
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae 48
Mint Metha spp. Laminaceae
Branches of Agriculture

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Vermiculture Agriculture of Earth worm

Tissue culture Production of a new plant from plant cells
Apiculture Study of honey bee.
Horticulture Study of fruits and vegetables.
Pomology Study of fruits.
Page | 14 Sericulture Rearing of silk worm.
Moriculture Production of mulberry.
Viticulture Production of grapes.
Silviculture Forest Development

Plant family and their other name

Poaceae Gramineae
Fabaceae, papillionacea Leguminosae
Brassicaceae Cruciferae
Asteraceae Compositae
Solanaceae Nightshades
Laminaceae Labiatae
Theaceae Cammeliaceae
Crop with special name

Special Name Crop

Brown gold Dead pupae of silk worm
White gold Cotton
Yellow jewel Soybean
Golden fiber Jute
Bio energy plant Jatropha
King of temperate crop Apple
Poor man’s friend Potato

Moisture content in crop seeds at harvesting and storage

Crops At harvesting (%) At storage (%)
Rice 23 14
Wheat 25-30 12
Soybean 16-17 13-14
Groundnut 30-40 <8
Sorghum 21-24 12
Maize 20-25 12

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Barley 18-20 12
Pearl millet, Pulse - 10-12
Oilseeds - <8

Page | 15
Temperature regimes

Particular Cool season crop (0c) Warm season crop(0c)

Minimum 0-5 15-20
Optimum 25-30 30-38
Maximum 30-38 45-50

Optimum temperature regimes for different stages of crop (0c)

Crop stage Optimum temp. (0c)

Rice
Blooming 26.5-29.5
Panicle initiation 20-22
Ripening 20-25
Average growth Period 21-37
Wheat
Germination 20-25
Tillering/vegetative 16-20
Accelerated growth 20-23
Proper grain filling 23-25 for 4-5 weeks
Sugarcane
Germination 21
Tillering/formative 26.6
Vegetative 29.4
Ripening 18.8
Pigeon pea
Germination 30-35
Vegetative growth 20-25

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Flowering & pod setting 15-18

Maturity 35-40
Potato
Germination 25
Page | 16
Vegetative growth 20
Tuber growth 17-19
Highest tuberization 20 (day)
14 (Night)
Tuber development stop 29
Other cereals
Maize germination 21
Maize entire growth 32
Sorghum germination 18-21
Sorghum growth 26-30
Pearl millet growth 27-30
Other crop
Chick pea entire growth period 15-25
Growth of pea 13-18
Growth of green gram 25-32
Entire growth period of jute 18-30
Growth of groundnut 21-26.5
Soybean germination 22
Growth of soybean 26-29
Sunflower growth 20-25
Cotton germination >16
Cotton vegetative growth 21-27
Tobacco germination 27-32

Protein Content in Pulses

Crop Protein %
Gram 21.1
Pea 22.5
Arhar 21-25
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Lentil 25
Urd 24
Moong 25
Cowpea 23.4

Page | 17
Protein Content in Cereals

Crop Protein %
Rice 6-7 %
Maize 10 %
Bajra 11-12 %
Wheat 11-12 %
Sorghum 10-12%
Barley 11.5 %

Protein Content in Oilseeds

Crop Protein %
Soybean 42 %
Groundnut 26%
Sesame 18-20 %
Linseed 36 %
Safflower(Cakes) 40-45 %

Oil Content in Crops

Crops Oil %
Coconut 60 %
Seasme 46-52%
Groundnut 45 %
Castor 35-58 %
Rape seed and Mustard 33-35 %
Soybean 20 %
Sunflower 45-50 %
Niger 35-45 %

Protein Known as

Structural Protein Known as

Muscle protein Collagen
Silk protein Fibrolin
Hair and wool protein Keratin
Soybean protein Glycinin
Wheat Protein Gluten
Rice Oryzein
Barley Albuminodes
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Maize Zein

➢ Cereal grain contains 60-70% of starch.

➢ only 5% of starchy staple food comes from root crops.
Page | 18 ➢ Whole cereal grains contain 20-30% of the daily requirements of the minerals such as
selenium, calcium, zinc and copper.
➢ The wastes or stalk of pulses is called the ‘haulm’ or ‘stover’.
➢ Fiber obtained from fiber crops is a elongation of epidermal cells/hairs.
➢ Very few crops can perform well when relative humidity is 80% and above.
➢ Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR - 0.4 – 0.7µ) is essential for production of
carbohydrates and ultimately biomass.

PAR value (µ) Color Remark

0.4 to 0.5 Blue – violet Active
0.5 to 0.6 Orange – red Active
0.5 to 0.6 Green –yellow Low active

Qualitative prospects of different crops

Process Value (%)
Milling of rice 60
Hulling in Rice 66
Shelling in wheat 60
Milling of wheat 70-74
Shelling in pea 49
Shelling in chickpea 49
Shelling in Groundnut 70

Inflorescence of crops
Inflorescence Crop
Arrow Sugarcane
Axillary Cotton
Axillary raceme Pulses- Black garm, Chickpea, Green gram,
Pea, Pigeon pea, moth bean, Lentil, Soybean
Raceme Ground nut, Mustard, Castor, Sun hemp,
Tobacco
Cymose Sesame, Linseed, Jute, Potato

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Capitulum Sunflower, Niger

Head Sorghum, Safflower
Panicle Rice, Porso millet
Spike Wheat, Barley
Page | 19
Ear Pearl millet

Size Classes and Broad Size Groups of Holdings:

Complete Notes available in our “Agri

Coaching” app or at our website:
www.agricoaching.in

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