MARKING SCHEMES 1 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

A LEVEL (P4)
FRICTION

MARK SCHEME
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MARKING SCHEMES 2 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

1 (i) F = 13 cos α M1 For resolving forces horizontally

Frictional component is 12 N A1 2
(ii) R = 1.1 × 10 + 13 sin α M1 For resolving forces vertically (3
terms needed)
Normal component is 16 N A1 2
(iii) Coefficient of friction is 0.75 B1 ft 1

2 (i) R = 8000 N B1

For obtaining P ≤ 6000 B1 2 From P = F ≤ µ R = 0.75 x 8000

(ii) F ≤ 0.4 x 4000 or B1

Fmax = 0.4 x 4000

M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to

the upper box and using
F ≤ 1600 or Fmax = 1600

400a ≤ 1600 or 400amax = 1600 A1 From F = 400a

a ≤ 4 A1
M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to
the boxes

Pmax – 6000 = 800 x 4 or A1

P – 6000 = 800a ≤ 800 x 4

Maximum possible value of P is A1

9200

3 2.25 = ½ a(1.52) M1 For using s = ½ at2

a=2 A1
R = mgcos30o B1
For applying Newton’s second
M1 law (3 terms) and F = µ R
mgsin30o - µ mgcos30o = 2m A1 ft ft incorrect a or R or consistent
sin/cos mix
Coefficient of friction is 0.346 A1
OR

3 M1 For using (0 + v)/2 = s/t to find

vB and hence KE gain from ½
mvB2
KE gain = ½ m32 A1
R = mgcos30o B1
M1 For using F = µ R and
2.25F = PE loss – KE gain
2.25 µ mgcos30o = A1ft ft incorrect vB or R or consistent
mg(2.25sin30o) – ½ m32 sin/cos mix
Coefficient of friction is 0.346 A1
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MARKING SCHEMES 3 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

4 (i) M1 For resolving forces vertically

on A and horizontally on B
T = 0.2g and T = F A1
R = 0.3g and 0.2g = µ R M1 For resolving forces vertically
on B and using F = µ R
Coefficient is 2/3 A1 4
B1 SR (max 1 / 4) for candidates
who do not use a = 0
0.2g – 0.3 µ g = 0.5a
(ii) F = 2/3(0.3g – 1.8) B1ft ft wrong µ
M1 For using X = T + F (correct
signs needed)
X = 2.8 A1 ft 3 ft incorrect values of T(from part
(i)) and/or µ

5 (i) For resolving forces vertically (3

N + Xcos θ = mg M1 terms needed)
N + X(24/25) = 320 × 10 A1
N = 3200 – (24/25)X A1 3
(ii) F = Xsin θ M1 For resolving forces horizontally
7 3 24 For using F = µ N to obtain an
X = (3200 − X ) M1
25 8 25 equation in X only
X = 1875 A1 3
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MARKING SCHEMES 4 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES
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MARKING SCHEMES 5 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

11 (i) M1 For applying Newton’s second law

to P or to Q (3 terms)
0.6 g – T = 0.6a A1
T – 0.2 g = 0.2a A1
Allow B1 for 0.6 g – 0.2 g =
(0.6 + 0.2)a as an alternative for
either of the above A marks
Acceleration is 5 ms-2 B1
Tension is 3 N A1 5

(ii) [0.9 = ½ 5t2] M1 For using s = ut + ½ at2

Time taken is 0.6 s A1ft 2 ft 1.8/a

12 (i) Tcos60° = 75cos30° → T = 130 B1 Accept 75 3

M1 For resolving forces vertically
(4 terms)
Tsin60° + 75sin30° + R = 20g A1ft ft consistent sin/cos mix
[130sin60° + 75sin30° + R = 200] M1 For substituting for T and solving for
R
Magnitude is 50 N A1 5 Accept 49.9
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MARKING SCHEMES 6 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) M1 For resolving forces horizontally

Tcos60° + 25 = 75cos30° A1ft ft consistent sin/cos mix (T = 14.4)
(T = 79.9)
[79.9sin60° + 75sin30° + R = 200] M1 For resolving forces vertically
(4 terms) and substituting for T
R = 93.3 A1 May be implied by final answer
[µ= 25/93.3] M1 For using µ = 25/R
Coefficient is 0.268 (= 2 – 3 ) A1ft 6 ft for µ = value obtained from
25/candidate’s R, including her/his
answer in (i) but excluding R = 20 g

13 (i) M1 For resolving horizontally (normal force must

have a horizontal component)
R = Tsin60o A1
[F = W + Tcos60o ] M1 For resolving vertically (allow if normal force
is not horizontal but equation must contain F ,
W and T)
F = 40 + Tcos 60o A1ft 4 ft – allow F = 40 + Tsin 60o following
R = Tcos60o
(ii) M1 For using F = µ R
40 + 0.5T = 0.7x0.866T A1ft Any correct form
ft unsimplified with candidate’s F(T) (with 2
terms) and R(T)
T = 377 A1 3

14 (i) R B1 1 The components F and R may be represented

by a single contact force, which must be
T shown at an acute angle to the downward
slope.

(ii) M1 For finding the resultant upward force (RUF)

(3 terms required)
T – F – 0.13g (16/65) A1
[T – F – 0.13g (16/65) > 0] M1 For use of RUF > 0 (since P starts to move
upwards).
T – F > 0.32 A1 4 AG
(iii) R = 0.13g(63/65) or B1ft ft 0.13g cos 75.7…..
0.13g cos14.25… (= 1.26)
F = 0.6 x 1.26 (= 0.756) M1 For using F = µ R
M1 For applying Newton’s second law to P (4
terms required) or to Q (3 terms required)
or
for using WQ - WPsin α - F = (mP + mQ)a
T – F – 0.32 = 0.13a and A1ft ft1.26 instead of 0.32 following a consistent
0.11g – T = 0.11a sin/cos mix throughout (i) and (ii)
or 0.11g – F – 0.32 = (0.13 + 0.11)a
M1 For substituting for F and solving for a.
Acceleration is 0.1 ms-2 A1 6
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MARKING SCHEMES 7 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

15 M1 For resolving forces parallel to the

plane (either case)
[R = 197, F = 63.0] M1 For using F = 0.32R and
R = 20gcos10o (or 20gsin10o if this is
part of a consistent sin/cos
interchange)
(i) P = F + 20gsin 10o A1
Least magnitude is 97.8N A1
(ii) P = F –20gsin 10o A1ft ft with Pcos10o instead of P or sign
error or cos instead of sin in
component of weight
Least magnitude is 28.3N A1 [6]

SR (for candidates who omit g) (max 3/6)

For P = F + 20sin 10o in (i) and
P = F – 20sin 10o in (ii) B1
M1 For using F = 0.32R and R = 20cos10o
Least magnitude is 9.78N in (i) and 2.83 in (ii) A1

16 (i) (a) [5 = 0 + 2a] M1 For using v = u + at with u = 0

–2
Acceleration is 2.5ms A1 [2]
(b) M1 For applying Newton’s second law to
A (3 terms): (can be scored in (ii) by
applying Newton’s second law to B
instead)
0.5g – T = 0.5x2.5 A1ft
Tension is 3.75N A1 [3]

(ii) T – mg = 2.5m B1ft ft from T – 0.5g = 0.5x2.5 in (i) (b) to

allow mg – T = 2.5m or mg – 0.5g =
or 0.5g – mg = 0.5x2.5 + 2.5m
0.5x2.5 + 2.5m
[(10 + 2.5)m = 3.75] M1 For solving 3 term equation for m
m = 0.3 A1 [3]

17 Tension is 40 N B
[R + T = W] M1 For resolving forces on B vertically
Force exerted is 10 N A [3]
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MARKING SCHEMES 8 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

18 (i) [F + T = 8×10sin20°] M1 For resolving forces parallel to the plane

Frictional component is 14.4 N A1
[R = 80cos20°] M1 For resolving forces normal to the plane
Normal component is 75.2 N A1 [4]
SR (max 3 out of 4) for consistent sin/cos
exchange – method marks as above and
A1 (only) for F = 62.2 and R = 27.4
Alternative scheme for part (i)
[Tcos20° + Fcos20° = Rsin20° and For resolving forces horizontally and
Tsin20° + Fsin20° + Rcos20° = 8 g] (M1) vertically
[tan20° = (13cos20° + Fcos20°) ÷
(80 – 13sin20° – Fsin20°) →
F = 80sin20° – 13 or
tan20° = (80 – Rcos20° – 13sin20°) ÷
(Rsin20° – 13cos20°) → R = 80cos20°] (M1) For attempting to solve for F or R
Frictional component is 14.4 N (A1)
Normal component is 75.2 N (A1)

(ii) F = 8×10sin20° or µ = tan20° B1ft ft following consistent sin/cos mix in (i) for
F = 8×10cos20° or µ = tan70°
Coefficient is 0.364 (accept 0.36) B1 ft following consistent sin/cos mix in (i) for
[2] µ = 2.75

19 (i) [0.36 = ½a(0.6)2] M1 For using s = (ut) + ½ at2

Acceleration is 2 ms–2 A1 [2]

(ii) [0.45 g – T = 0.45×2] M1 For applying Newton’s second law to A

Tension is 3.6 N A1ft [2] ft T = 0.45(10 – a)

(iii) [T – mg = 2m or M1 For applying Newton’s second law to B or

0.9 + 2m = 4.5 – 10m] for using (M + m)a = (M – m)g
(2 + g)m = 3.6 (must have m terms A1ft ft a and/or a non-zero value of T
combined)
Mass is 0.3 kg A1 [3]

(iv) u = 1.2 B1ft ft u = 0.6a

[0 = 1.44 – 20s → 0.072] M1 For using 0 = u2 – 2gs
Maximum height is 0.792 A1ft [3] ft 0.72 + 0.05u2

20 (i) For angle between AP and vertical =

36.9o (or sin–10.6) or for angle between
PS and vertical = 53.1o
(or sin–10.8) B1 May be implied

For resolving forces on P in the direction

[TPS + (TPAcos90o) = 5sin36.9o] M1 of PS (2 non–zero terms required)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(First alternative)
For the angle between PA and the horizontal
through P is 53.1o and the angle between PS and
the horizontal through P is 36.9o B1 May be implied
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MARKING SCHEMES 9 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

[0.6TPA = 0.8TPS and 0.8TPA + 0.6TPS = 5
For resolving forces on P vertically and
{0.8(0.8/0.6) + 0.6}TPS = 5] M1 horizontally and eliminating TPA
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Second alternative)
For ∆ of forces with sides TPA, TPS and 5, with
angles opposite TPS and 5 shown as 36.9o and 90o
B1 May be implied
[TPS = 5sin36.9o] M1 For using trig. in ∆
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Third alternative)
For force diag. showing TPA, TPS and 5, with
angles between TPS and TPA, and between 5 and
TPA being shown as 90o and 143.1o B1 May be implied
[TPS /sin143.1o = 5/sin90o] M1 For using Lami’s rule
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tension is 3N A1
A1 Accept 3.00

(ii) [F = T cos(sin–10.6)] M1 For resolving forces on S horizontally

Frictional force is 2.4N A1 2 Accept 2.40

(iii) R = 2.4/0.75 B1ft

[W + T sin(sin–10.6) = R] M1 For resolving forces on S vertically
W = 1.4 A1ft 3 ft W = 7T/15 or W = 4F/3 – 1.8

21 (i)
For using Newton’s second law to P or
M −m
M1 Q, or for using a = g
M +m
0.55g – T = 0.55a and T – 0.45g = 0.45a or
a = [(0.55 – 0.45)/(0.55+ 0.45)]g A1
Acceleration is 1ms–2 A1 3

(ii) (a) For using s = 5 – ½ a22 for P or

M1 s = 5 + ½ a22 for Q
Height of P is 3m and height of Q is 7m A1ft 2 ft 5 – 2a and 5 + 2a
(b) Speed is 2ms–1 B1ft 1 ft 2a

(iii) For using s = ut + ½ gt2 for P or for Q

2 2
[3 = 2tP + 5tP , 7 = –2tQ + 5tQ ] M1 (NB a = g)
tP = 0.6 A1

Accept tQ = 0.2 + 1.2 following

consideration of upward and downward
tQ = 1.4 A1 motion under gravity of Q separately
Q is 0.8s later than P A1 4 AG
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MARKING SCHEMES 10 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

22 (i) [1.2 = mg cosα] M1 For resolving forces normal to the plane

Mass is 0.125 kg A1 2

(ii) [–mg sinα – F = ma] M1 For using Newton’s second law

– 0.125 × 10 × 0.28 – 0.4 = 0.125 A1ft ft incorrect mass
a = –6
deceleration is 6 ms–2 A1 3

(iii) M1 For comparing magnitudes of µR (0.4)

and mg sinα (0.35)
µR > mg sinα
particle remains at rest A1

23 (i) M1 For resolving forces vertically

o
12 + 15sin30 = R A1
F = 15cos30o B1
[µ = 15cos30o/(12 + 15sin30o] M1 For using µ = F/R
Coefficient is 0.666 A1 5 AG

(ii) F = 0.666(12 – 15sin30o) B1

M1 For using Newton’s second law
15cos30o – F = 1.2a A1
Acceleration is 8.33 ms–2 A1 4

24 (i) For applying Newton’s second law to A

or to B or for using
M1 (M + m)a = (M – m)g
T – 0.3g = 0.3a and 0.7g – T = 0.7a or A1
(0.7 + 0.3)a = (0.7 – 0.3)g
Acceleration is 4 ms–2 A
A11

(ii) s1 = 1.62/(2 × 4) B1ft ft acceleration

M1 For using 02 = 1.62 – 2gs2
Height is 0.448 m A1 3 From s1 + s2 = 0.32 + 0.128

(iii) t1 = 1.6/4 B1ft ft acceleration

(can be scored in (ii))
M1 For using 0 = 1.6 – gt2
Time taken is 0.56 s A1 3 From t1 + t2 = 0.4 + 0.16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Alternative for part (iii))
For observing that the average speed is
the same for each of the two phases and
equal to
M1 (0 + 1.6)/2 ms–1

t1 + t2 = (s1 + s2)/0.8 A1
Time taken is 0.56 s A1 3
[Similarly for finding s1 + s2 if ans(iii) is
found before ans(ii)]
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MARKING SCHEMES 11 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Alternatively for parts ii and iii using v–t
graph)

M1 Use of gradient to find t1 or t2

t1 = 1.6/4 and t2 = 1.6/10 A1

Time taken is 0.56s A1
For use of area to find
M1 s1 or s2 or s1 + s2
s1 = 0.4 × 1.6/2 or s2 = 0.16 × 1.6/2 or
s1 + s2 = (0.4 + 0.16) × 1.6/2 A1
Height is 0.448m A1 6

25 (i 0.36g sin60° – T = 0.36 × 0.25 B1

Tension is 3.03 N B1 AG
[2]

(ii) M1 For applying Newton’s second law to B.

T ± F – 0.24g sin60° = 0.24 × 0.25 A1
F = 3.03 – 0.24g sin60° – 0.24 × 0.25
(F = 0.889) A1
R = 0.24g cos60° (R = 1.2) B1
M1 For using µ = F/R
Coefficient is 0.74 A1
[6]

26 (i) R = 4500 N B1
3150 = µ4500 M1 For using limiting equilibrium of boxes

P = µR
Coefficient is 0.7 A1
[3]

(ii) M1 For resolving forces horizontally on A

when A is about to slide
0.2 × 200g = 200a A1 AG
No sliding
a Y 2 A1
[3]

(iii) [P – F = 450a; P – F – F2 = 250a] M1 For applying Newton’s second law to A

and B combined or to B
Pmax = 3150 + 450 × 2 or A1
Pmax = 3150 + 0.2 × 2000 + 250 × 2
Pmax = 4050 N A1
[3]
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MARKING SCHEMES 12 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

27 (i M1 For resolving forces on Q vertically

R + 3.2sin30° = 0.5g A1
M1 For resolving forces on Q horizontally
and using T = WP
F + 0.2g = 3.2cos30° A1
[µ = (3.2cos30° – 2)/(5 – 3.2sin30°)] M1 For using F = µR
Coefficient is 0.227 A1 [6]
(ii) 2 – T = 0.2a B1
T – 0.227 × 5 = 0.5a B1ft
Allow B1ft for
2 – 0.227 × 5 = (0.2 + 0.5)a instead of
one of the above equations
M1 For solving for a or T
–2
Acceleration is 1.24 ms and tension is A1 Allow a = 1.25
1.75 N [4]

28 M1 For resolving forces vertically (3 terms

required)
R + 2000cos15o = 400 g A
o
F = 2000sin 15 B1
o o
[2000sin15 = µ (400 g – 2000cos15 )] M1 For using F = µ R
Coefficient is 0.25 A1 [5]
SR(max. 4/5) for candidates who either:
have sin and cos interchanged or have angle 15o above the horizontal
M1 For resolving forces vertically
o o
R + 2000sin15 = 400 g and F = 2000cos15 A1
[2000cos15o = µ (400 g – 2000sin15o)] M1 For using F = µ R
Coefficient is 0.55 A1

29 (i) [2T cos30o = 3 3 M1 For expressing resultant in terms of T

and equating with value
or T/sin30o = 3 3 /sin120o or for using sine rule
or T2 = T2 + (3 3 )2 – 2T(3 3 )cos30o or for using cosine rule
or √{(Tcos30 ) + (T + Tcos60 ) } = 3 3 ]
o 2 o 2
or for finding Rx and Ry and equating
resultant to 3 3
Tension is 3 N A1 [2] AG

(ii) [T = F + mg sin30] M1 For resolving forces on Q parallel to AC

R = mg cos30 B1
M1 For using F = µ R
3 = 0.75(10cos30o) m + 10 m sin 30o A1
Mass is 0.261 kg A1 [5]
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MARKING SCHEMES 13 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

30 (i) M1 For resolving forces parallel to the plane

(either case) – 3 terms needed
2X + F = 11gsin30o and A1
9X – F = 11gsin30o
X = 10 A1 [3]
(ii) F = 35 B1 May be implied.
R = 11gcos30o B1
DM1 For using µ = F/R
Coefficient is 0.367 A1ft [4]

31 (i M1 For resolving forces on R vertically

2T cos α = 0.6g A1 Where α = ½ angle ARB
Tension is 5N A1 [3]
(ii) [F = T sin α ] M1 For resolving forces on B horizontally
Frictional component is 4N A1
[N = 0.4g + T cos α ] M1 For resolving forces on B vertically
Normal component is 7 N A1 [4]
(iii) M1 For using µ = F/N
Coefficient is 4/7 or 0.571 A1ft [2] ft conditional on both M1 marks scored
in (ii); ft F and/or N
Alternative for Q6(i)/(ii)
(i) For finding the relevant angles and using M1
Lami’s theorem
6/sin106.26° = T/sin126.87° A1
Tension is 5N A1 [3]
(ii) F/sin126.87° = 5/sin90° B1
Frictional component is 4N B1
(R – 4)/sin143.13° = 5/sin90° B1
Normal component is 7 N B1 [4]

32 (i) M1 For resolving forces in the x direction or

the y direction
Fx – 6.1 – 5 × 0.28 = 0 and
Fy + 4.8 – 5 × 0.96 = 0 A1
Frictional force acts parallel to x axis and
to the right A1
Fy = 0 → F = F x
→ Frictional force has magnitude 7.5 N A1 [4] AG
(ii) [ µ = 7.5/(1.25 × 10)] M1 For using F = µ R and R = mg
Coefficient is 0.6 A1 [2]
(iii) [7.5 – 8.6 – 1.4 = 1.25a → a = –2] M1 For applying Newton’s second law
Magnitude of acceleration is 2 ms–2 A1
Direction of acceleration is parallel to x
axis and to the left B1 [3]
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MARKING SCHEMES 14 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

33 M1 For applying Newton’s second law to

either particle (3 terms)
0.65g – T = 0.65a and T – 0.35g = 0.35a A1 Accept
(0.65 – 0.35)g = (0.65 + 0.35)a
as an alternative to one of these
equations
M1 For solving for T
Tension in the string is 4.55 N A1
Magnitude of resultant is 9.1 N B1ft 5

34 (i) F = 12cosα B1
M1 For resolving forces vertically
R1 = 2g + 12sinα A1
[12 × 0.8 ≤ µ(2g + 12 × 0.6)] M1 For using F1 ≤ µR
µ ≥ 9.6/27.2 = 6/17 A1 5 AG
(ii) 12cosα > µR2 B1
R2 = 2g – 12 × 0.6 B1
µ < 9.6/12.8 = 3/4 B1 3

35 (i) F = 0.2 × 6g cos8 B1

[6g sin8 – F = 6a] M1 For use of Newton’s second law
Deceleration is 0.589 ms–2 A1 3 Accept a = –0.589
(ii) M1 For use of 0 = u2 + 2as
Distance is 7.64 m A1 2
36 (i) For triangle of forces with 60º shown correctly, or
Ccosφ = 4cos30 and Csinφ =10 – 4sin30, or
F = 4cos30 and R = 10 – 4sin30 B1
2 2 2
[C = 4 + 10 – 2 × 4 × 10cos60 or For using cosine rule or for using
C2 = (4cos30)2 + (10 – 4sin30)2] M1 C2 = (Ccosφ)2 + (Csinφ)2 or
C2 = F2 + R2
C = 8.72 A1 3
(ii) [µ = 4cos30/(10 – 4sin30)] M1 For using µ = F/R = Ccosφ/Csinφ
Coefficient is 0.433 (accept 0.43) A1 2
36 Alternative Method
(i) For obtaining φ = 66.6º or
tanφ = 4 ÷ √3 from
4 ÷ sin(90º + φ) = 10 ÷ sin(150º – φ) B1
For using C N and (4 N or 10 N) in Lami’s
theorem to find C
[C ÷ sin120º = (4 ÷ sin156.6o or 10÷sin83.4o)] M1
C = 8.72 A1 3
(ii) [µ = √3 ÷ 4 or µ = cos66.6º ÷ sin66.6º] M1 For using µ = F/R = Ccosφ / Csinφ
Coefficient is 0.433 (accept 0.43) A1 2
 14
MARKING SCHEMES 15 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

37 (i) M1 For applying Newton’s second law

to A or to B
0.9g – T = 0.9a or T – 0.6g = 0.6a A1
T – 0.6g = 0.6a or 0.9g – T = 0.9a or B1
(0.9 – 0.6)g = (0.9 + 0.6)a
Acceleration is 2 ms–2 and tension is 7.2 N A1 4
(ii) M1 For using 0 = u – gt
u=3 A1
[32 = 2 × 2 h] M1 For using v2 = 02 + 2ah with
[½ (0.9 + 0.6)32 = (0.9 – 0.6)gh] vtaut = uslack or for using
KE gain = PE loss while the string
is in tension
Height is 2.25 m A1 4

38 M1 For using Newton’s second law

0.9g – 7.2 = 0.9a (a = 2) A1
[v = 2 × (0.9g – 7.2)/0.9 × 2]
2
(v = 8 ) M1 For using v2 = (02) + 2ah
uslack = vtaut = 2 g −8 B1ft ft incorrect equation for a
[distance = 4 – 32/g] M1 For using (02) = u2 – 2gh and
distance = 2h
Distance is 0.8 m A1 6

39 (i) 0.8g × 4 B1 For finding PE at A

For using ½ mvC2 = PEA or
[½ 0.8v2 = 32] M1 ½ mvB2 = PEA and vC = vB
Speed at C = 8.94 ms–1 A1 3
(ii) [Either F = 0.3(0.8g) and – 2.4 = 0.8a or M1 For using F = µ mg and either
F = 0.3(0.8g) and WD = 2.4 × 5] Newton’s 2nd law to find a or
WD = F × BC
[v2 = ans(i)2 – 2 × 3 × 5 or ½ 0.8v2 = 32 – 12] M1 For using either v2 = u2 + 2as or
½ mv2 = PE loss – WD by F
Speed at C = 7.07 ms–1 A1 3

40 M1 For resolving forces horizontally

R = Tcos30 A1
M1 For resolving forces vertically
(either case)
F = Tsin30 – 2g A1 (preventing upwards motion)
– F = Tsin30 – 2g A1 (preventing downwards motion)
M1 For using F = µR (either case) and
attempting to solve for T
T = 2g/(sin30 ± 0.24cos30) either case A1
T = 28.3 and T = 68.5 A1 8
 15
MARKING SCHEMES 16 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

41 (i) M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law for P or for Q;

or for using (M – m)g × 0.8 = (M + m)a

0.6g × 0.8 – T = 0.6a and T – 0.4g × 0.8 = 0.4a

or (0.6 – 0.4)g × 0.8 = (0.6 + 0.4)a A1

M1 For solving for T or for a

Tension is 3.84 N or acceleration is 1.6ms–2 A1

Acceleration is 1.6 ms–2 or tension is 3.84 N A1 [5]

(ii) 2 = 1.6t1 (t1 = 1.25) B1ft

M1 For using 0 + u + at with a = –0.8g

0 = 2 – 0.8gt2 (t2 = 0.25) A1

Time taken in 1.5 s A1ft [4] ft incorrect acceleration in (i)

42 (i) M1 For resolving forces vertically and

horizontally at B

TC × (2/2.5) – TA × (1.5/2.5) = 0 A1

TC × (1.5/2.5) + TA × (2/2.5) = 8 A1

[0.6 TC + 0.8 (4TC/3) = 8 → (5/3) TC = 8 or For eliminating TA or TC and attempting

0.6(0.75TA) + 0.8TA = 8 → 1.25TA = 8 ] M1 to find TC or TA

Tension in AB is 6.4 N; tension in BC is 4.8 N A1 [5]

(ii) M1 For resolving forces vertically

F + 0.2 g = TA × (1.5/2.5) A1

N = TA × (2/2.5) B1

[ µ = (3.84 – 2 )/5.12] M1 For using µ = F/N with F vertical and N

horizontal

Coefficient is 0.359 A1 [5] Accept 0.36

43 (i) M1 For resolving forces horizontally

Horizontal component is Tcos25o (0.906T) A1

M1 For resolving forces vertically

Vertical component is 4g + Tsin 25o

(40 + 0.423T) A1 [4]

(ii) M1 For using F = 0.4R

0.906T = 16 + 0.169T A1ft May be implied by correct answer for T

T = 21.7 N A [3]
 16
MARKING SCHEMES 17 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

44 (i) Tension in S1 is 30 N B1

Tension in S2 is 50 N B1 [2]

(ii) M1 For applying Newton’s second law to A

or to B

3g – T – 1.6 = 3a (or 2g + T – 4 = 2a) A1

2g + T – 4 = 2a (or 3g – T – 1.6 = 3a) or

(3g + 2g) – (1.6 + 4) = (3 + 2)a B1

Acceleration is 8.88 ms–2 B1

Tension is 1.76 N A1 [5]

SR (max. 1 / 2) for candidates who do not give numerical answers in (i).

Allow B1 for Tension in S1 is 3g and Tension in S2 is 5g

45 M1 For using WD = Fdcosα

WD = 6 × (0.5 × 8)cos24o A1

Work done is 21.9 J A1 [3]

46 (i) [0.2g – T = 0.2 × 1.6] M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to B

Tension is 1.68 N A1 2
(ii) M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A
T – F = 0.3 × 1.6 A1
Frictional force is 1.2 N A1ft 3 ft T – 0.48
47 (i [R + 0.6sin α = 0.5g cos α ] M1 For resolving forces perpendicular to
the plane
Normal component is 4.63(2) N A1 2
(ii) M1 For resolving forces parallel to a line
A1 of greatest slope
F + 0.6cos α = 0.5g sin α
Frictional component is 0.824 N A1 3
(iii) M1 For using µ = F/R
Coefficient is 0.178 A1 ft 2

48 (i) [0.6 = 0 + 0.3a] M1 For using v = 0 + at

Acceleration is 2 ms–2 A1 2
 17
MARKING SCHEMES 18 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) [mg – T = 2m, T – (1 – m)g For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

= 2(1 – m)] M1 or to B

[m = T/8
T – (10 – 1.25T) = 2 – 0.25T

or
T = 8m
8m – (10 – 10m) = 2 – 2m] M1 For eliminating or evaluating m

T + 1.25T + 0.25T = 10 + 2
or
m = 0.6 and T = 8m A1

m = 0.6 and tension is 4.8 N A1 4

Alternative for part (ii)

[{m + (1 – m)} × 2 = {m – (1 – m)} × g] M1 For using (mA + mB)a = (mA – mB)g

m = 0.6 A1

[mg – T = 2m or T – (1 – m)g = 2(1 – m)] M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

or to B, substituting for m and
solving for T

Tension is 4.8 N A1

49 (i) Acceleration for t < 0.8 is 4/0.8 B1

[5 = 10sin θ] M1 For using a = gsin θ

θ = 30 ° A1 3

Alternative for part (i)

(i) [mgh = ½ m42 and s = {(0 + 4) ÷ 2} × 0.8] For using PE loss = KE gain and s ÷ t
M1 = (u + v) ÷ 2 (A to B)

sinθ = 0.8/1.6 A1

θ = 30o A1

(ii) Acceleration for 0.8 < t < 4.8 is

–4/(4.8 – 0.8 B1

[mgsin30o – F = m(–1)] M1 For using Newton’s second law

M1 For using µ = F / R

mg sin 30 o + m
µ= ft following a wrong answer for θ in
mg cos 30 o
A1ft part (i)

Coefficient is 0.693 A1 5 Accept 0.69

 18
MARKING SCHEMES 19 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

50 For resolving forces in the direction

[P = ± F + 0.6gsin25o] M1 of P

Pmax = F + 0.6gsin25o or ‘P = F + 0.6gsin25o

when the particle is about to slide upwards’ A1

Pmin = - F + 0.6gsin25o or
‘P = – F + 0.6gsin25o when the particle is about
to slide downwards’ A1

R = 0.6gcos25o B1

[F = 0.36 × 0.6gcos25o] M1 For using F = µR

[Pmax = 0.36 × 0.6gcos25o + 0.6gsin25o, For substituting for F to obtain

Pmin = – 0.36 × 0.6gcos25o + 0.6gsin25o] DM1 values of Pmax and Pmin
Pmax = 4.49, P min = 0.578 (accept 0.58) A1 Dependent on first M mark

For identifying range of value for

M1 equilibrium
AEF; Accept 0.58 instead of 0.578
Set of values is {P; 0.578 ≤ P ≤ 4.49} A1 9 and accept < instead of ≤

51 (i For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

M1 or to B.

0.32g – T = 0.32a (or T = 0.48a) A

T = 0.48a (or 0.32g – T = 0.32a) OR

0.32g = (0.32 + 0.48)a B1

M1 For solving for a and T

Acceleration is 4 ms–2 and tension is 1.92 A1 5

N

(ii) [0.98 = ½ 4t2] M For using s = ½ at2

Time taken is 0.7 s A1 2

(iii) For using v = at for taut stage and t

M1 = d/v for slack stage

v = 4 × 0.7 and t = (1.4 – 0.98)/v (= 0.15) A1ft ft a from (i) and /or t from (ii) (a>0,
a≠g)

Time taken is 0.85 s A1 3

 19
MARKING SCHEMES 20 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

52 (i) Less than B1

F = 1.25W so W< F B1 [2]

(ii) [P – 60 × 1.25 = 6 × 4] M1 For applying Newton’s second law.

P = 99 A1 [2]

53 (i) R = 2.6 × (12 ÷ 13) (= 2.4) B1

[F = 0.2 × 2.4] M1 For using F = µR

[T – 2.6(5 ÷ 13) – F = 0.26a, 5.4 – T = For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A or to B.

0.54a] M1

For any two of T – 1 – 0.48 = 0.26a, 5.4

– T = 0.54a o
(5.4 – 1 – 0.48) = (0.54 + 0.26)a A1

Acceleration is 4.9 ms–2 B1

Tension is 2.75 N (2.754 exact) A1 [6]

(ii) [s = ½ 4.9 × 0.42] M1 For using s = ½ at2

Distance is 0.392 m A1 [2]

54 (i) [24 = µ30] M1 For using R = W,

F = T and F = µR

Coefficient is 0.8 A1 [2]

(ii) M1 For resolving forces vertically and

using F = µR

F = 0.8(30 – 25sin30°) (=14) A1

[25 cos 30° – F = (30 ÷ g)a] M1 For using of Newton’s 2nd law

Acceleration is 2.55 ms–2 A1 [4]

55 (i) M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

or B

T – 0.26g(16÷65) = 0.26a or A1
0.52g – T = 0.52a

For {0.52g – T = 0.52a or

T – 0.26g(16 ÷ 65) = 0.26a}
or 0.52g – 0.26g(16 ÷ 65) = (0.52 + 0.26)a B1

Acceleration is 5.85 ms–2 B1

Tension is 2.16 N A1 [5]

 20
MARKING SCHEMES 21 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) [v2 = 2 × (76/13) × 0.6] M1 For using v2 = 2as

Speed is 2.65 ms–1 A1

0 = 91.2/13 – 2(160/65)s M1 For using 0 = vB2 – 2(g sinα)s

S = 57/40 (= 1.425) A1

For using
[AP = 2.5 – 0.6 – 1.425] M1 AP = 2.5 – 0.6 – s

Distance AP is 0.475 m A1 [6]

56 (i) For resolving the applied forces on

the box in the x-direction or the y-
M1 direction.

100 cos 30o + 120 cos 60o – F cosα =

136 (F cos α = 10.6025 … )
or
100 sin 30o – 120 sin 60o + F sin α =0
(F sin α =53.9230 … ) A1

100 sin 30o – 120 sin 60o + F sin α = 0

(F sin α =53.9230 … )
or
100 cos 30o + 120 cos 60o – F cos α
= 136 (F cos α = 10.6025 … ) B1

M1 for using
F2 = (F cos α)2 + (F sin α)
or tan α = F sin α ÷ F cos α

F = 55.0 or α = 78.9 A1

α = 78.9 or F = 55.0 B1 [6]

(ii) Magnitude is 136 N B1

R = 40 g B1

Coefficient is 0.34 B1 [3]

 21
MARKING SCHEMES 22 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

57 (i) M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

or to B

T – (2 / 7) 1.26 g = 1.26 a or A1
0.9 g - T = 0.9 a

0.9g – T = 0.9 a or
T – (2 / 7) 1.26 g = 1.26 a
or
0.9 g – (2 / 7) 1.26 g = (0.9 + 1.26) a B1

Acceleration is 2.5 m s-2 B1 AG

Tension is 6.75 N A1 [5]

(ii) [v2 = 2 × (2.5) × 0.45] M1 For using v2 = 2 a h

Speed is 1.5 m s-1 A1 [2]

(iii) [– (2 / 7) 1.26 g = 1.26 a] M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A

a = – 20 / 7 A1

[v2 = 2.25 + 2 (–20 / 7) (0.03)] M1 For using v2 = vB2 + 2 a s

Speed is 1.44 m s-1 A1 [4]

58 (i) [WD = 30 × 20 × 0.6

+ 40 × 20 × 0.8] M1 For using WD = Fdcosθ

Work done is 1000 J A1 2

(ii) For applying F = µW and Newton’s 2nd law

M1 with a = 0

30 × 0.6 + 40 × 0.8 – 0.625W = 0 A1

Weight is 80 N A1 3

59 (i For using Newton’s 2nd law,

[– µmg = ma] M1 F = µR and R = mg

Decelerations of P and Q are

2 ms–2 and 2.5 ms–2. A1 2
 22
MARKING SCHEMES 23 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) For using s = ut + ½ at2

M1 and sP = sQ + 5

8t – t2 = 3t – 1.25t2 +5 A1

t = √120 – 10 (=0.95445…) A1

For using v = u + at for both P and Q

M1

Speed of P = 6.09 ms–1,

speed of Q = 0.614 ms–1 A1 5

60 (i For applying Newton’s 2nd law to A or to B

M1

T – 0.3g = 0.3a or
0.7g – T = 0.7a A1

0.7g – T = 0.7a or
T – 0.3g = 0.3a or
0.7g – 0.3g = (0.7 + 0.3)a B1

Tension is 4.2 N A 4

(ii) a = 4 B1 May be scored in (i)

staut = 1.62/(2 × 4) (= 0.32) B1

[(0.52 + 0.32) = –1.6t + 5t2] M1 For using s = ut + ½ gt2

For solving the resultant quadratic

[(t – 0.6)(5t + 1.4) = 0] M1 equation.

Time taken is 0.6 s A 5

Alternative Marking Scheme for the last three marks

02 = 1.62 – 2gsup, For using kinematic formulae to find tup

tup = 2sup/(1.6 + 0) (= 0.16) M1

0.52 + staut + sup = 0 + ½ gtdown2 For using kinematic formulae to find tdown
(tdown = 0.44) M1

Time taken = tup + tdown = 0.6 s B1

 23
MARKING SCHEMES 24 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

61 For resolving three forces parallel

M1 to the plane

0.6g sin α = F + P cos α A1 Value of α used or values of sin α

and cos α used

For resolving three forces

M1 perpendicular to the plane

R = 0.6g cos α + P sin α A1 Value of α used or values of sin α

and cos α used

M1 For using F = µR

0.6g sin α – P cos α = Value of α used or values of sin α

0.4 (0.6g cos α + P sin α) A1 and cos α used

6(12/13) – P(5/13) = For solving the resultant equation

2.4(5/13) + 0.4P(12/13) M1 for P

P = 6.12 A1 8

Alternative Marking Scheme

M1 For resolving three forces vertically

W = R cos α + F sin α A1 Value of α used or values of sin α

and cos α used

For resolving three forces

M1 horizontally

P = R sin α – F cos α A1 Value of α used or values of sin α

and cos α used

For using F = µR
M1 in both equations

0.6g = R(5/13) + 0.4R(12/13) and Value of α used or values of sin α

P = R(12/13) – 0.4R(5/13) A1 and cos α used

78 = R(5 + 4.8) and 13P = R(12 – 2) For finding R and substituting into
→ 13P = (78 ÷ 9.8) × 10 M1 an expression for P

P = 6.12 A1 8

62 (i) For applying Newton’s 2nd law to

M1 A or B

T – 0.4g = 0.4a or 1.6g – T = 1.6a A1

1.6g – T = 1.6a or T – 0.4g = 0.4a

or 1.6g – 0.4g = (1.6 + 0.4)a B1

T = 6.4 A1

Work done by tension is 7.68 J B1ft 5

 24
MARKING SCHEMES 25 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

Alternative mark scheme for 6 (i)

M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to

A or B

T – 0.4g = 0.4a or 1.6g – T = 1.6a A1

1.6g – T = 1.6a or T – 0.4g = 0.4a

or 1.6g – 0.4g = (1.6 + 0.4)a B1

WD by T = initial PE – final KE For finding v2 and applying

= 1.6 × g × 1.2 – ½ × 1.6 × 14.4 M1 Work/Energy equation to B

WD by T = 19.2 – 11.52 = 7.68 A1 5

63 (i) [–(1 ÷ 3)(Wcosα) – Wsinα = (W/g)a] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law and
F = µR

(–0.32 – 0.28)g = a A1

a = –6. A1 3 AG

(ii) [0 = 5.42 + 2(–6)s] or M1 For using 0 = u2 + 2as or

[mgs(0.28) = ½ m(5.4)2 –mgs(0.96)/3] for using PE gain = KE loss – WD
against friction

Distance is 2.43 m A1 2

64 For using a = (M – m)g/(M+m) or

for applying Newton’s 2nd law to A
M1 and to B and solving for a.

a=5 A1

When B reaches the floor

v2 = 2 × 5 × 1.6; speed is 4ms–1 B1ft ft a a≠g v = √(3.2a)

M1 For using 0 = u2 – 2gs or

for using PE gain = KE loss

0 = 16 – 20s (s = 0.8) A1ft ft speed

h + 1.6 + 0.8 = 3
h = 0.6 B1 6

65 (i) [Wsinα + F = 40] M1 For resolving forces parallel to the

plane

F = 40 – 300 × 0.1 (= 10) A1

R = 300√(1 – 0.12) (= 298.496..) B1

M1 For using µ = F/R

Coefficient is 0.0335 A1 5
 25
MARKING SCHEMES 26 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) [The component of weight (30 N) is greater than M1 For comparing the weight
the frictional force (10 N)] component parallel to the plane and
the frictional force or for using
Newton’s Second Law and finding
the acceleration

Box does not remain in equilibrium A1 2

66 (i) 2.4 = 0.25g cosα B1

α = 16.3 B1 [2]
(ii) [µ = 0.28÷0.96] M1 For using
µ = F/R or µ = tanα
Least possible value of µ
is 7/24 or 0.292 A1 [2]

67 (i) M1 For using Newton’s second law for both

particles and eliminating T, or using
(M + m)a = (M – m)g
Acceleration is 5 ms–2 A1

1 2
M1 For using s = 0 + at
2
Distance is 0.9 m A [4]

1
(ii) 0.6 × V = 0.9 → V = 3 B1 ft distance in (i)
2
M1 For using
0 = V – g(T – 0.6)
T = 0.9 A1 [3]

1
(iii) [sup = 0.9 × 3 and M1 For using area property in graph or
2 equivalent
1
sdown = 0 + g(1.6 – 0.9)2]
2
Distance upwards is 1.35 m and A1
distance downwards is 2.45 m
h = 1.1 B1 [3] ft sdown – sup
 26
MARKING SCHEMES 27 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

68 (i) KE gain is 10.5v2 J B1 1

(ii) (a) For use of PE = mgh and Loss by

[PE Loss = 16 (10) x – 5 (10) x sin 30] M1 system = loss by B – gain by A

PE loss by system is 135x J A1 2

(b) R = 5 (10) × (√3 ÷ 2) B1

F = 25 B1

Work done is 25x J B1 3 ft incorrect F

(iii) [10.5v2 = 135x – 25x ] For using ‘Gain in KE = Loss in PE –

M1 WD against friction’

21v2 = 220x A1 2 AG

69 (i) v2 = 2 × g × 7.2

speed at surface is 12 ms-1 B1

[62 = 122 + 2a × 0.8] M1 For using 62 = v2 + 2as

and finding a

Deceleration is 67.5 ms–2 A1

[0.2g – R = – 0.2 × 67.5] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law with

three terms for P in the liquid

R = 15.5 A1 5

(ii) [3.6 = ½ a × 42] M1 For using s = 0 + ½ at2 and finding a

a = 0.45 ms–2 A1

[T – R – 0.2g = 0.2 × 0.45] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law with P in

the liquid

Tension is 17.6 N A1 4 ft incorrect R

Alternative Energy Method

(i) M1 For using PE lost = WD by R in

liquid + KE gain

0.2g × 8 = R(0.8) + ½ (0.2) 62 A1

R = 15.5 A1 Finding R

0.2g – 15.5 = 0.2a M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law in the

liquid

a = –67.5 A1 5
 27
MARKING SCHEMES 28 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) M1 For using s = (0 + v)/2 × t to find v at

surface of liquid

3.6 = v/2 × 4 v = 1.8 A1

T(3.6) = R(3.6) + 0.2g(3.6) + ½(0.2)1.82 M1 For using WD by T = WD by R + PE

gain + KE gain

T = 17.6 N A 4

70 (i) [ TA – 2.5 = 0.25 × a ] [ 7.5 – TB = 0.75 × a ] M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to
either particle A or particle B

TA = 2.5 + 0.25a A1

TB = 7.5 – 0.75a A1 3

(ii) F = 0.4 × 5 B1

[TB – TA – F = 0.5a] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law for P

with friction and both tensions
represented (4 terms)

7.5 – 0.75a – (2.5 + 0.25a) – 2 = 0.5a
a = 2 A1 3 AG

Alternative method for (ii)

(ii) F = 0.4 × 5 B1

a = 2 used to find TA = 3, TB = 6 and used in

TB – A – F = 0.5 a M1 Assume given value of a, find TA and
TB and use the values in 4 term
Newton’s 2nd law

a=2 A1 Justify the value a = 2

(iii) [v2 = 2 × 2 × 0.36] M1 For using v2 = 2as with

s = 1 – ½ (5.28 – 4)

Speed is 1.2 ms–1 A1 2

(iv) – TA – 2 = 0 a and TA – 2.5 = 0.25a M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to

particle P and substituting for TA

Deceleration is 6 ms–2 A1 2 a = – 6 or d = 6

71 (i) [N + component of X = Weight of B] M1 For resolving forces acting on the block

vertically (3 terms required)
Normal component is (70 – Xcos15o) N A1 [2]
(ii) F = Xsin15o B1
o o
[Xsin15 = 0.4(70 – Xcos15 )] M1 For using F = µR
Value of X is 43.4 A1 [3]
 28
MARKING SCHEMES 29 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

72 (i) M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to P or to Q

For T – (40÷160) × 0.76g = 0.76a or A1
0.49g – T = 0.49a
For 0.49g – T = 0.49a or
T – (40 ÷ 160) × 0.76g = 0.76a or
0.49g – (400 ÷ 160) × 0.76g =
(0.49 + 0.76)a B1
Acceleration is 2.4 ms–2 A1
and tension is 3.72 N (3.724 exact) [4]
(ii) [v2 = 2 × 2.4 × 0.3] M1 For using v2 = 0 + 2as
Speed is 1.20 ms–1 A1ft [2] ft a from (i) (a ≠ ±g)
(iii) M1 For using v2 = u2 + 2as
with v = 0 and
a = – (40 ÷ 160)g
Distance while Q is on the ground
= (2 × 2.4 × 0.3) ÷ 2(40g ÷ 160)
(= 0.288 m) A1ft ft a from (i) and/or s = 30
Distance travelled is 0.588 m A1 [3]

73 (i) M1 For resolving forces parallel to slope with

three terms

F + Wsinα = 7.2 A1

[µ × 7.5cosα > 7.2 – 7.5sinα] M1 For using F < µR

µ > 17/24 A1 4 AG

(ii) [7.2 + 7.5 × (7/25) – µ(7.5 × 24/25) > 0] M1 For using ‘resultant force down the plane
is > 0’ and F = µR

µ < 31/24 A1 2 AG

74 (i M1 For resolving forces horizontally on B,

including the frictional force and using
tensions in PB and BQ being equal to the
weights of P and Q respectively.

Frictional force = µ × 0.25g B1

0.3g = 0.2g + µ0.25g

Coefficient of friction is 0.4 A1 3
 29
MARKING SCHEMES 30 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to P or

to B

0.2g – T = 0.2a or
T – 0.4 × 0.25g = 0.25a A1

T – 0.4 × 0.25g = 0.25a or

0.2g – T = 0.2a or
0.2g – µ0.25g = (0.2 + 0.25)a B1

M1 For solving for a and for T

Acceleration is 2.22 ms–2 B1

Tension is 1.56 N A 6

75 (i) [Xcos30o = 40cos60o] M1 For resolving forces horizontally

X = 23.1 (= 40 / √3) A1 2

(ii) [Xcos30o – 10 = 40cos60o] M1 For resolving forces horizontally

X = 60 ÷ √3 or 34.6 A1

[R + Xsin30o + 40sin60o = 15g] M1 For resolving forces vertically

(R = 98.038)

[µ = 10 ÷ (150 – 30/√3 – 20√3)] M1 For using F = µR

Coefficient is 0.102 A1 5

76 (i) (a) (a) Acceleration is 2.8 ms–2 B1 Using acceleration = g sin α

(b) [mg × 0.28 – 0.5mg × 0.96 = ma] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law

Acceleration is – 2 ms–2 A1 3

(ii) For using v2 = u2 + 2as for AB and

M1 for BC and using AB + BC = 5

vB2 = 2 × 2.8(AB) and

22 = 5.6(AB) – 2 × 2(5 – AB) A1 ft incorrect answers in (i)

Distance is 2.5 m A1 3
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MARKING SCHEMES 31 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

Alternative method for (ii)

[mg × 5 × 0.28 = ½ m 22 + M1 For using Loss in PE = Gain in KE

µ × mg × 0.96 × BC] + WD against Friction for the
motion from A to C

14 = 2 + 4.8 × BC A1 Correct equation

BC = 12/4.8 = 2.5 m A 3

(iii) M1 For using t = 2s ÷ (u + v) for AB

and BC

T = 2 × 2.5 ÷ (0 + √14) + 2 × 2.5 ÷ (√14+ 2) A1

Time taken is 2.21 s A 3

77 M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to P or to

Q

0.65 × 10 × (63/65) – T = 0.65a or A1

T – 0.65 × 10 × (16/65) = 0.65a

T – 0.65 × 10 × (16/65) = 0.65a or B1

0.65 × 10 × (63/65) – T = 0.65a or
0.65 × 10 × (63 – 16)/65 = 2 × 0.65a

[T – 1.6 = 6.3 – T] or
[T = 6.3 – 0.65 × (47/13)] or
[T = 1.6 + 0.65 × (47/13)] M1 For eliminating a

Tension is 3.95 N A1 5

78 (i) M1 For using the gradient property for

acceleration

Acceleration is 4 ms–2 A1

M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to both

particles or using the formula
(M + m)a = (M – m)g
and for using m + M = 1

For T – mg = 4m and (1 – m)g – T =

4(1 – m)
or 4 = (1 – m – m)g A1

P has mass 0.3 kg and Q has mass 0.7 kgg A 5

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MARKING SCHEMES 32 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) For using the area property of the graph or

h = ½ at2 to obtain h = 2 B1 1

(iii) Distance travelled upwards by B1

P = ½ 1.4 × 4

Height is 4.8 m B 2

79 (i) 42 = 02 + 2a × 12.5
a = 0.64 B1

[35 × 0.96 – 3g × 0.6 – F = 3 × 0.64] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law to find F

F = 13.68 A1

WD against F = 13.68 × 12.5 = 171 J B1 4

(ii) Rfrom O to A = 3g × 0.8 – 35 × 0.28 B1

[µ = 13.68 ÷ 14.2 (= 0.96338)] M1 For using µ = F ÷ R

Coefficient is 0.963 (accept 0.96) A1 3

(iii) [–3g × 0.6 – 0.96338 × (3g × 0.8) = 3a] M1 For applying Newton’s 2nd law to the
block to find a

Acceleration is –13.7 ms–2 A1

[0 = 16 + 2(–13.7)s] M1 For using v2 = u2 + 2as to find s

Distance travelled is 0.584 m A1 4

Alternative for part (i)

(i) Gain in KE = ½ 3 × 42 ( = 24 J) B1

Gain in PE = 3g × 12.5 × 0.6 ( = 225 J) B1

[WD = 35 × 12.5 × 0.96 – ½ 3 × 42 – M1 For using WD against F

3g × 12.5 × 0.6] = WD by applied force – KE gain – PE
gain

WD against F is 171 J A 4

Alternative for part (iii)

WD against F = 0.96(338..) × 3g × 0.8s B1

M1 For using KE loss = PE gain + WD

against friction

½ 3 × 42 = 3gs(0.6) + 0.96(338..) × 3g × 0.8s A1

Distance travelled is 0.584 m A1 4

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MARKING SCHEMES 33 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

80  60  B1 Allow F = 0.25(6.1cos10.4)
F = 0.25  6.1 ×  [ = 1.5]
 61 

[Wsinα – F = ma] M1 For using Newton’s 2nd law

 11   60 
6.1 ×   − 0.25 6.1 × 
 61   61   40 
 a = − 61 = −0.656 
= 0.61a  
or
A1
6.1 sin 10.4 – 0.25 × 6.1 cos 10.4 The value of a may be seen but is not a
= 0.61a required answer.

M1 For using 0 = vA2 + 2as

 40 
Distance is 4 ÷  2 × 
 61 
= 3.05 m A1 5

Alternative method

 60 
F = 0.25  6.1 ×  [ = 1.5] B1 Allow F = 0.25(6.1 cos 10.4)
 61 

1
KE loss = × 0.61 × 22 B1 Finding loss of KE
2

 11 
PE loss = 0.61 × 10 × x  B1 Finding loss of PE
 61 

[1.5x = 1.22 + 1.1x] M1 Using WD against F = KE loss + PE loss

0.4x = 1.22 → distance = 3.05 m A1 5

81 (i) For using Newton’s 2nd law for both
M1 particles

T – 0.2 × 3 = 0.3a and 7 – T = 0.7a A1

Acceleration = 6.4 ms-2 A1

For using v = 0 + at to find speed when

[v = 0 + 6.4 × 0.25] M1 string breaks

v = 1.6 ms-1 A1

1
For using s = ut + at2 to find distance
2
 1 2
 Distance = 0 + 2 6.4 × 0.25  M1 moved before break

Distance = 0.2 m A1

For using v2 = u2 + 2gs to find speed when

2 2
[v = 1.6 + 2g × (0.5 – 0.2)] M1 B hits floor

Speed is 2.93 ms-1 A1 9

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MARKING SCHEMES 34 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(ii) For finding distance travelled by A after

M1 break from v2 = u2 + 2as

Distance travelled after break For A, F = 0.2 × 3 and so

= (0 – 1.62) ÷ (2 × –2) = 0.64 A1 – 0.2 × 3 = 0. a so a = –2

Total distance travelled

= 0.2 + 0.64 = 0.84 B1 3 Distance = 0.84 m

Alternative method for 7(ii)

(ii) T = 2.52 , F = 0.2 × 3 For stating

WD by T = 2.52 × 0.2 WD by T on A and WD by F
WD by F = 0.2 × 3 × d B1

[0.6d = 2.52 × 0.2] Using WD by F = WD by T

M1 (No change in KE or PE for A)

WD by T = WD by F → d = 0.84 A1 3 Distance = 0.84 m

82 (i  1  M1 For using area property of the graph or

 h = 2 × 0.5 × 2 constant acceleration formulae
 

h = 0.5 A1 2

(ii) [a = 2 ÷ 0.5] B1 State the value of a using the gradient

property of the graph

[T – mg = ma M1 For applying both

and • Newton’s 2nd law to P (while Q
(1 – m)g – T = (1 – m)a is moving)
• Newton’s 2nd law to Q (while Q
or is moving)

a = {(1 – 2m) ÷ (1 – m + m)}g] or using a = [(M – m) ÷ (M + m)]g

M1 For eliminating T or rearranging to find m

m = 0.3 A1

[T – 0.3 × 10 = 4 × 0.3 M1 For substituting a and m into

0.7 × 10 – T = 4 × 0.7] • Newton’s 2nd law to P (while Q
is moving)
• Newton’s 2nd law to Q (while Q
is moving)
to find T (tension)

Tension is 4.2 N A1 6
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MARKING SCHEMES 35 TOPIC 3: FRICTION AND CONNECTED PARTICLES

(iii) M1 For using the gradient property of the

graph with acceleration –g

(–2 – 2) ÷ (t – 0.5) = –10 A1

T = 0.9 A1 3

First Alternative method for (iii)

(iii) [–2 = 2 –10t] M1 For using v = u + at to find the total time

that string is slack

t = 0.4 A1

Required time = 0.5 + 0.4 = 0.9 A1 3

Second Alternative method for (iii)

(iii) t = 0.2 s B1 Obtaining the time taken from

v = 0 to v = 2 OR v = 0 to v = –2

t = 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 s B1 Obtaining the total time that the string is

slack.

Total time = 0.9 s B1 3 For completing the solution using

0.4 + 0.5 = 0.9 s

83 (i M1 For resolving forces at J horizontally or

vertically

0.8TA + 0.6TR = 5.6 A1 Allow TA cos 36.9+TR cos 53.1 = 5.6 oe

0.6TA = 0.8TR A1 Allow TA sin 36.9 = TR sin 53.1 oe

M1 For solving the simultaneous equations

for TA and TR
Tension in AJ is 4.48 N A1 5
and tension in RJ is 3.36 N

First Alternative Method for (i)

5.6 T TR
(i) = A = m M1 For applying Lami’s theorem to two of
sin 90 sin α sin(270 − α ) the three forces TA, TR, and 5.6 where α is
an obtuse angle

5.6 T T
= A = R m A1 Allow sin126.9 for 0.8
sin 90 0.8 0.6 A1 and sin143.1 for 0.6 here

M1 Solve for TA and TR

TA = 4.48 and TR = 3.36 A1 5