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Physiological Basis of Behavior

The document discusses the physiological basis of behavior. It describes the nervous system, which controls bodily activities and responses. The nervous system consists mainly of neurons or nerve cells. The two main divisions are the central nervous system, which controls body activities, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects receptors to the central system and the central system to effectors. Within the central system, the brain is the coordinating center of sensation, intellectual activity, and nervous activity. The brain contains structures like the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain that control functions like sensation, movement, homeostasis, and linking sensory and motor pathways. The spinal cord connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain

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Alenad Lanzanas
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45 views

Physiological Basis of Behavior

The document discusses the physiological basis of behavior. It describes the nervous system, which controls bodily activities and responses. The nervous system consists mainly of neurons or nerve cells. The two main divisions are the central nervous system, which controls body activities, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects receptors to the central system and the central system to effectors. Within the central system, the brain is the coordinating center of sensation, intellectual activity, and nervous activity. The brain contains structures like the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain that control functions like sensation, movement, homeostasis, and linking sensory and motor pathways. The spinal cord connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain

Uploaded by

Alenad Lanzanas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physiological Basis of Behavior

NEURON
• Physiology
The branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of
living organisms and their parts.

Only man is capable of making complex patterns of adjustment to the


different and never ending changes and demands of his environment. Basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system

NERVOUS SYSTEM  Cell body


It is the central portion with a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell
• Two Main Divisions of Nervous System membrane.
 Dendrites
1. Central Nervous System A short branching processes whose function is to receive nerve
The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the impulses and carry them toward the cell body.
body.  Axon
Brain – Spinal cord The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are
conducted from the cell body to other cells.
2. Peripheral Nervous System
Composes all the nerve fibers that connect the receptors to the Functions of Neuron
central nervous system and which further connects the central nervous
system to the effectors. • Sensory or afferent neurons
Carry messages or nerve impulses from the sense organ towards
• The nervous system controls all our bodily activities and the brain/central nervous system from the receptors such as the
behavioral responses. It is made up mainly of neurons or nerve eyes, ears and other sense organs.
cells which numbers to about one hundred billion. • Motor or efferent neurons
• NEURON Carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles
it is the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous and glands
system. • Connecting or association neurons
These are middlemen between neurons. They are between the
sensory and motor neurons. Most of them are found within the
central nervous system.

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Nerve Impulse

• Stimulus
Refers to anything that excites or initiates an activity

 Receptors
an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external
stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. The BRAIN
• An organ of soft nervous tissue
contained in the skull of
vertebrates, functioning as the
coordinating center of sensation
and intellectual and nervous
activity.
• Master Organ
Busiest part of the body
MAJOR DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM & THE COMPONENT OF
EACH DIVISION
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
To protect the skull. It is jelly-like and extra soft weighing 1,400
grams

Three main division of the brain

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CEREBRUM

Each of the cerebral hemisphere is subdivided into four lobes


FOREBRAIN (Significant areas are found in the different lobes of the brain like those
of the sensory functions for Vision, Hearing, and Feeling.)
1. Frontal lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Parietal lobe
4. Occipital lobe

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2. Controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, appetite, sexual
drives as well as our emotional behavior or activity and other
homeostatic systems.

Two significant structures found in the central portions of the cerebral


hemisphere

Forebrain

• Thalamus
1. Is found right on top of the midbrain
2. Serves as a relay center of the impulses being set to the brain
areas. MIDBRAIN
• Hypothalamus
1. a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates • Serves as the bridge between the hindbrain and the forebrain
both the autonomic nervous system.
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• It is responsible in linking the sensory and motor pathways
between the upper and the lower parts of the nervous system.
• Some parts of the midbrain are also involved in auditory and
visual activities.
• It is relatively small
• Serves as intricate switchboard of receiving nerve impulses all
over the body, and after sorting them out, it sends them to the
higher brain centers.

HINDRAIN

Spinal Cord

• the cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers and associated tissue that is


enclosed in the spine and connects nearly all parts of the body to
the brain, with which it forms the central nervous system.

Two Main Function of the spinal cord


1. To provide connector mechanisms for reflex reaction.
2. Transmit messages to and from the brainTransmit messages to
and from the brain
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