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Problems On EDTA

The EDTA method uses EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to determine the hardness of water through complexometric titration. EDTA forms stable complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, while the indicator Eriochrome Black T forms an unstable complex. During titration, EDTA displaces the indicator at the equivalence point, changing the solution from wine red to blue. This allows the volumes of EDTA used to titrate a sample, boiled sample, and standard to determine total, permanent, and temporary hardness in mg/L of CaCO3. Problems provided calculate hardness values in ppm from titration data.

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Aniket Kundu
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5K views

Problems On EDTA

The EDTA method uses EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to determine the hardness of water through complexometric titration. EDTA forms stable complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, while the indicator Eriochrome Black T forms an unstable complex. During titration, EDTA displaces the indicator at the equivalence point, changing the solution from wine red to blue. This allows the volumes of EDTA used to titrate a sample, boiled sample, and standard to determine total, permanent, and temporary hardness in mg/L of CaCO3. Problems provided calculate hardness values in ppm from titration data.

Uploaded by

Aniket Kundu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How do you estimate the total hardness of water?

Or Explain any one method for the


estimation of hardness of water. Or What is the principle of EDTA method? Explain the
estimation of hardness of water by complexometric method.
Estimation of temporary and permanent hardness: -
EDTA (Ethylene Di amine Tetra Acetic acid) Method: -
HOOCH2C CH2COOH

N-CH2-CH2-N
CH2COOH
HOOCH2C

It is in the form of its sodium salt which yields the anion and this forms complex with Ca +2
and Mg+2 ions.
(Molecular Wt. - 372.24, Equivalent Wt. - 186.14 i.e., M=2N)
NaOOCH2C CH2COONa

N-CH2-CH2-N
CH2COOH
HOOCH2C

In order to determine the equivalence point (i.e., just completion of metal-EDTA complex
formation) indicator Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) an alcoholic solution of blue dye is
employed which forms an unstable wine-red complex with Ca+2 and Mg+2 ions. The indicator
is effective at about pH 10.
When EBT is added to hard water, buffered to a pH of about 10 (employing NH4OH-
NH4Cl buffer), a wine-red unstable complex is formed. Thus,

M 2+ + EBT →[M-EBT] complex (Unstable Wine red)


Reaction conditions are
M2+= Ca+2 or Mg+2
pH= 10
During the course of titration against EDTA solution, EDTA combines with M +2 (or Ca+2 or
Mg+2) ions from stable complex M-EDTA and releasing free EBT, which instantaneously
combines with M+2 ions still present in the solution, thereby wine red color is retained. Thus,
titration
When nearly all M+2 (Ca+2 or Mg+2) ions have formed [M-EDTA] complex, then next drop of
EDTA added drop wise displace the EBT indicator from [M-EBT] complex and wine red
color changes to blue color (due to EBT).
Thus at equivalence point,
[M-EBT] complex + EDTA →[M-EDTA] complex +
EBT (blue)
Thus, change of wine red to blue color marks the end point of titration.

Steps involved:

1. Preparation of Standard Hard Water: Dissolve 1gm of pure dry CaCO 3 in


minimum quantity of dil. HCl and then evaporate the solution to dryness on water
bath. Dissolve the residue in distilled water to make 1L solution. Each 1ml of this
solution contains 1mg of CaCO3 hardness.
1 g in 1 LIT
1g in 1000 ml
1000 mg in 1000 ml
1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent in 1 ml

2. Standardization of EDTA solution: Rinse and fill the burette with EDTA solution.
Pipette out 50ml of standard hard water in a conical flask. Add 10-15ml of buffer
solution and 4 drops of indicator. Titrate with EDTA solution till wine red color
changes to clear blue. Let the volume used be V1 ml.
3. Titration of Unknown Hard Water: Titrate 50ml of water sample. Pipette out 50ml
of Unknown hard water in a conical flask. Add 10-15ml of buffer solution and 4 drops
of indicator. Titrate with EDTA solution till wine red color changes to clear blue. Let
the volume used be V2 ml.
4. Titration of Permanent Hardness: Take 250ml of water sample in a large beaker.
Boil till the volume is reduced to about 50ml (all the bicarbonates are decomposed
into insoluble CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2. Filter, wash the precipitate with distilled water
collecting filtrate and washings in a 250 ml measuring flask. Finally make up the
volume to 250ml with distilled water. Then titrate 50ml of boiled water sample just as
in step 4. Let the volume used be V3ml.
Ca(HCO3)2 → CaCO3 (ppt)+H2O+CO2
Mg(HCO3)2→Mg(OH)2 (ppt)
Calculations:
50 ml of standard hard water = V1 ml of EDTA.
∴ 50 x 1mg of CaCO3 = V1 ml of EDTA
∴ 1ml of EDTA = 50/V1 mg of CaCO3 eq.

50 ml of given hard water = V2 ml of EDTA. = V2 X 50/V1 mg of CaCO3 eq


∴1L (1000ml) of given hard water = (V2 X 50/V1) X (1000/50) mg of CaCO3 eq.

Total Hardness of water = 1000 V2/V1 mg/l = 1000 V2/V1 ppm.

Now 50ml of boiled water = V3 ml of EDTA. = V3 X 50/V1mg of CaCO3 eq.


∴1L(1000ml) of boiled water = 1000V3/V1 mg of CaCO3 eq

∴ Permanent hardness = 1000V3/V1 ppm.


Temporary Hardness= total hardness- permanent hardness

Temporary hardness =(1000 V2/V1)-( 1000V3/V1)

Advantages of EDTA method:


This method is preferable because of
1) greater accuracy,
2) Convenience,
3) More rapid procedure.
Problems on EDTA
1. 20 ml of std water containing 1 g of pure CaCO 3 per lit consumed 25 ml of
EDTA. 100 ml of different water sample consumed 18 ml of EDTA using EBT as
indicator. The sample is boiled for half an hour. Now same water sample
requires 12 ml of EDTA solution using EBT as indicator. Calculate carbonate
and non-carbonate hardness of water.

Solution:
1 g of CaCO3 per lit of water (or 1000 ml of water)
Calculate the hardness of SHW (Standard hard water)
(1000 mg of CaCO3 per 1000 ml of water)
(1000 mg of CaCO3 per 1000 g of water)
1000 mg of CaCO3 per 106 mg of water
Hardness of SHW= 1000 ppm
1000 mg of CaCO3 per 1000 ml of water
1 ml of std water = 1 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
25 ml of EDTA = 20 ml SHW= 20 mg of CaCO3
25 ml of EDTA = 20 mg of CaCO3
1 ml of EDTA = 20 /25 mg of CaCO3
= 0.8 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
100 ml of water sample consume 18 ml of EDTA
100 ml of water ≡ 18 ml EDTA = 18 X 0.8 mg CaCO3 equivalent
1000 ml of H2O = 1000/100 X 18X 0.8
Total hardness = 144 ppm
After boiling
100 ml of H2O consumes 12 ml of EDTA= 12 X 0.8 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
1000 ml of H2O = 1000/100 X 12X 0.8 mg of CaCO3 equivalent
Permanent hardness = 96 ppm
Temporary harness = Total hardness – Permanent hardness
Temporary harness = 144 – 96
Temporary harness = 48 ppm
2. 0.5 g of CaCO3 was dissolved in dilute HCL and diluted to 500 ml with distilled
water ,50 ml of this solution required 48 ml of EDTA solution for titration.50ml
of unknown hard water sample required 15 ml of EDTA solution for titration.50
ml of same water sample on boiling and filtering requires 10 ml of EDTA
solution. Calculate temporary, permanent and total hardness in ppm. Calculate
the hardness values in degree French & Degree clark.

Solution:
Concentration of S.H.W. =
0.5  gm   CaCO3/500mlD.W.=500 mgs  in  500  ml  water=1mg/ml=0.5  gm   CaCO3/500mlD
.W.=500 mgs  in  500  ml  water=1mg/ml
50 ml SHW required = 48 ml of EDTA solution
∴ 1 ml EDTA solution = 50/48 mgs CaCO3 equivalent hardness.
50 ml water sample = 15 ml EDTA solution.
∴ hardness of sample = (15 * 50/48) mgs CaCO3 equivalents for 50 ml sample.
Hardness per litre of sample = (15 * 50/48)* 1000/50 mgs/lit.
Total hardness = 312.50 ppm
50 ml water sample after boiling = 10 ml EDTA solution
Permanent hardness of sample = 10 * 50/48 mgs CaCO3equivalent for 50 ml.
Permanent hardness of one litre sample = (10 * 50/48)*1000/50 mgs/lit.
Permanent hardness of sample = 208.33 ppm
Temporary hardness = total hardness – permanent hardness= 312.5 – 208.33 = 104.17

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