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SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION
Time-55 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 55 minutes,

This section is designed to measure vour abilitv to read and understand short passages similar in topic
and style to those that students are likelv to encounter in North American universities and colleges.
Tl.ris section contains reading passages and questions about the passages.

Directions: In this section vou rvill read several passages. Each one is follorued by a number of
q""rti"trr ubout it. Yon are io choose the one best ansi,er, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then,
on vour ans\\'er- sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter o[ the ansr,r,er-vou have chosen.
Ansrver all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of u'hat is stated or implied
in that passage.

Read the follorving passage:

John Quincv Adams, who ser-ved as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to
1829, is today re'cognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacr: He dedicated his life to
public service, both in the presidencv and in the various other political offices that he held.
Line Throughout his political career he demonstrated his unsr.','err,,ing belief in freedom of speech, the
(5) antislaven- cause, and the right of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination.

Example I Sample Answer

@
To r,r'hat did John Quincy Adams devote his life?
o
(A) Improring his personal life
(B) Serling the public e
(C) Increasing his lbrrune @
(D) Working on his private business
According to the passage, .Iohn Quincy Adams "dedicated his life to public sen'ice." Therefore,
should choose ansr.ver (B).

Example II Sample Answer

In line 4, the u'ord "unsrveling" is ciosest in meaning to @

@
(A) rnoveable
(B) insignificant o
(C) unchanging @
(D) diplomatic
The passage states that John Quincv Adams demonstrated his unsrverving belief "throughout his
career." This implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose answer (C).

TOEFL tesl diiectjons rnd f(n'mal arc- rcprjnted br permission

of ETS, the copvright o$nc.. Houever, all exanrples and test
282 COMPLETE TEST TWO-I NTRODUCTORY LEVEL questi(,os are provided br Pearson Educ^tion, Inc.
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Questions 1-10

Most icebergs are fornred in the ',vaters of the world's polar and subpolar regions. These are the
regions in and around the North and South Poles. Icebergs melt as thev encounter warmer ocean
\\'aters and u'armer ocean breezes closer to the equator. This happens urith most, but not all,
Lire icebergs.
(5) One record-setting iceberg managed to travel further from the frigid waters near the poles than
anv other iceberg has been known to travel. In 1894, an iceberg broke off From Antarctica in the
south and began moving slorvly norlhward. It eventually left the very cold waters near the pole and
entered \L'armer waters. This unusual iceberg managed to get amazingly close to the equator. It was
obserwed at a latitude of about 26 degrees south of the equator. This is on the same latitude as Rio de
( 10) Janeir-o, Brazil, r,r,hich is famous for its comforlablv warm \,\'aters and u eather throughout the year.

t. The subject of this passage is 7. When did the record-setting iceberg

discussed in the passage erist?
(A) the world's polar and subpol:rr regions
(B) horv icebergs are formed (A) In the first half of the eighteenth
(C) one unusual iceberg century
(D) the climate of Brazil (B) In the last half of the eighteenth
century
l. The passage indicates that icebergs form (C) In the first half of the nineteenth
centun
(A) onlf in the north (D) In the last half of the nineteenth
(B) onlv in the south
centurv
(C) near the equzrtor
(D) in both the nolth and south
8. It is NOT stated in the passage that the
iceberg
According to the passage, u'here are
subpolar regions located? (A) u'as moving in a northerlv direction
(A) (B) ended up near the equator
At the poles (C) u'as seen south of the eqr,rator
(B) Close to the poles (D) rvas obser-ved from Rio de Janeiro
(C) Close to the equator
(D) At the equator'
9. The rvord "amazinglv" in line 8 is closest in
meanlng to
4. The word "encounter" in line 2 could best
be replaced b1 the erpression (A) comforrably
(B) surprisinglv
(A) run after (C) possiblv
(B) run into (D) r-rnquestionabll'
(C) rrrn around
(D) run up
10. Where in the passage does the author
indicate rvhat usually happens to icebergs
5. The record-setting iceberg discussed in the in warm r,','ater?
passage traveled
(A) Lines 2-3
(A) into unusuallv \\'arm u,aters (B) Linc's -5-6
(B) unusuallv close to the North Pole (C) Lines 7-8
(C) unusuallv far south (D) Lines 9-10
(D) unusualll'far fr-om the equator

The word "frigid" in line 5 is closest in

meaning to
(A) u'arm
(B) calm
(C) cold
(D) deep

COMPLETE TEST TWO-I NTRODUCTORY LEVEL 283

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Questions 11-19

Paul Revere u'as r-ecognized in Longfellou's poem "The Midnight Ride of Paul Rer,ere" for his
act of heroism during Revolutionarv times. In this rvell-kno\\,n poem, Longfelio"r' describes hou,'
Paul Revere made a nighttime ride on horseback f-rom Lexington to Concord. The purpose of this
Line fatnovs ride rvas to \\iarn the Concord rni]itia that the British u'ere planning to attack.
(5) Hor.vever, Long[e11ou"-s poem does not recount the historical events accurateh: ln realitv Paul
Relere dicl not travel alone on his imporlant ride. Instead, he met up rvith William D:rrves itr
Lerington. These trl,'o se1 olrt tor Concord u'ith a Dr. Samuel Prescott, tt,ho tt'as on his u,av home.
On the u,av betr,r'een Lexington and Concord, the three u'ere stopped bv some British solcliers.
Rer,ere became a prisoner of the British, and Darves managecl to escape. It u'as Dr. Prescott rather
( I0) than Paul Revere who sot through to Concord to warn the militia of the British attack that u'as
coming. Horver,er, it r.r'as Paul Revere and not Dr. Prescott r'r'ho received the credit for the heroic
deud in Lotrg{'tllorr's puertr.

11. Thenrzrinideaofthispass:rgeisthat 1-5. Ttisimpliedinthepassagethat,in

Longfeilo$'! poem' Paul Revet's'
(A) paul Revere's ride rvas essential to the
Revolution (A) made his ride bv hirnself
(B) Longfellou"s description of Rc'r'ere'.s (B) did not tralel on horseback
actions r'r''as heroic but inaccurate (C) met up rvith Wiliiam Darves
(C) Pall Revere should have been given (D) rode rvith Dr. Prescott
more credit in Longl'elloulS poenl
(D) Longfellorv did not reall1.'u,rite the 16. The u'ord "recottnt" in line -5 is closest in
poem abotrt Paul Revere's ride meaning to

12. It is stated in the passage that "The

Midnight Ride of paul Rer er-e"
ffi] iJ,-'*
iil O"nu
(A) reallv u'ritten bv Dr. Samtrel
r,r'as (D) invent
Prescott
(B) is aboul an attack on the British 17. What happened after the trio u'as stopped
(C) rvas u'ritten belbre the Rer,'olutionan' b-r'the British?
War.
(A) Paul Revere escaped'
(D) is a famous piece ol literature (B) Dr. Prescott was taken prisoner.
(c) Paul Rel'ere rvas taken capti"e'
13. In the poenr, Paul Revere (D) Dr. Prescott failed to get through.
(A) uas a cortard
(B) rode at middav
(C) issucd a r'rarning
(D) attacked the British

14. The rvord "militia" in line 4 is closest in

meanit-tg to
(A) defenders
(B) advisors
(C) leaders
(D) rvorkers

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18. The lr'ord "deed" in line 1 2 is closest in 19. Where in the passage does the author
meanlng to indicate who actually carried out the
(A) warning?
speech
(B) storr (A) Lines 2-3
(C) battle (B) Line 5
(D) act (C) Line 8
(D) Lines 9-11

COMPLETE TEST TWO-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 285

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Questions 20-29

The name Studebaker is rvell known today because of the actions of five Studebaker brothers.
These five brothers were l'esponsible for one of the oldest '"'ehicie mar.rufacturing companies in the
United States.
Line These brothers \\'ere born in the first half of the nineteentl.r century. In 1852, tu'o of the
(5) Studebaker brothers opened a wagon-building shop. Their entire resources \\'ere some tools for
building wagons and 68 dollars. They managed to build three wagons in their first vear of
operations, and thev sold tu,o of the three wagons. Their business continued to increase steadily. By
the time of the Civil War in the 1860s, thev had a government contract to build wagons for the war
effort.
(10) After the rvar, the brothers added a carriage division. The caniages created by the Studebaker
Company became famous. At the end of the nineteenth century the Studebaker Company was the
largest and best-knor.vn manufacturer of horse-drau'n wagons and carriages in the rvorld.
In 1897, the companv started experimenting with r,ehicles that ran under their ou,n power. The
companv began makins electric automobiles first and later n'orked on gasoline automobiles. Bv
(15) 1920, the companv had stopped making wagons and u'as prodr,rcing cars. The Studebaker Company
staved in business until 1966, rvhen it stopped producing automobiles.

20. The best title for this passage would be 24. The r,''ord "famous" in line I I is closest in
meaning to
(A) one Familvs Joys and Sorrows
(B) Building Better Wagons (A) profitable
(C) A Long-Lived Company (B) well built
(D) The Effort to Win the War (C) attractive
. (D) u,ell knorvn
21. When the Studebaker brothers started
their first compan\r, thev had 25. According to the passage, the Studebaker
brothers
(A) a number of rvagons
(B) a government contract to build (A) developed gasoline cars before electric
wagons cars
(C) some tools for working on cars (B) stopped producing wagons in 1897
(D) a small amount of monev (C) developed electric cars before gasoline

22. Theword "managed" in line 6 could best (D) b";Xf,-aking cars in 1920
be replaced by
26. The r.r'ord "staved" in line 16 is closest in
(A) organizecl
(B) were abre meaning to
(C) directed (A) remained
(D) were available (B) held
(C) left
23. It can be infen'ed frorn the passage that, (D) managed
right after the Civil War, the Studebaker
brothers
(A) continued building wagons
(B) stopped producing carriages
(C) started producing automobiles
(D) stopped building wagons

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27. What is NOT mentioned in the passage as 29. Where in the passage does the author
something that the Studebaker brothers explain what the Studebaker brothers did
produced? in their first year of business?
(A) Wagons (A) Lines 2-3
(B) Carriages (B) Lines 6-7
(C) Cars (C) Line 10
(D) Boats (D) Line 14

28. Which paragraph describes the business

activities of the Studebaker brothers prior
to the Civil War?
(A) The first paragraph
(B) The second paragraph
(C) The third paragraph
(D) The foufth paragraph

COMPLETE TEST TWO-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 287

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Questions 30-38

Not all humzrns have the same tvpe of blood. In different tvpes of blood, certain antibodies and
antigens mav or mav not be prcscnt. There are dil'f'erent svstems for classifving blood, and one of
thc svstems is the ABO svstem. In this svslem, a pelson'.s blood is classified as eilher tvpe A, t1.pe B,
Line Lvpe AB, or tvpe O. The purpose oI this svstem is to dcscribe u hich tvpes of blood are compatible.
(5) This nreans t'hich tvpes ol blood can be taken from or siven to:i person. There arc three principles
tl'rat gor.ern u'hich tvpes of blood are compatible.
The first principlc is that a particular bloocl n-pe is alu'avs compatible riith itself. This means,
[or-erample, that a pcrson rvilh tvpe A blood can receive tvpe A biood and that a person rvith type B
blocid c:rn accept trpe B blood. It also rneans that a person riith tr,pe AB blood can receive t1-pe AB
(10) blood and that a pcrson u.ith 1r'pe O blood can receive tvpe O blood.
The second principle is that tvpe O bloocl can be gir,er.r to anr.of the other blood groups. \'pe O
can be given to a paticnt rvith tvpes A, B, or AB blood. For this reason, tvpe O is called the unir,ersal
donor.
The last of the principles is that patients u'itlr l.,'pe AB blood can receive blood from tvpes A, B,
(i 5) or O. This means that patients n'ith tvpe AB blood can compatiblv receive anv other tr,'pe of blood.

The topic of this passage is It can be inlerred from the pass:rge that
(A) tvpe A blood can
a particr-rlar tvpc cif blood
(B) a slstem for classifving tvpes ol'blood (A) accept t1'pe A or O blood
(C) eramples of problerns u,ith blood (B) accept tvpe O or AB blood
(D) the principle oi universal donors (C) accept tvpe A or AB blood
(D) accept tr,'pe A or B blood
-)l It is stated in the passage that certarin
antibodies and antigens in the bloocl 35. A "donor" in line l3 is most likelv someone
(A) ri'ho
are omitted ll'om the ABO sl,steln
(B) have not been classified (A) r-eceives
(C) are univcrsal donors (B) gir,es
(D) mav not bc in all blood (C) shor.vs
(D) takes
3L- "Principles" in line 6 are
(A) 36. It can be inferrcd from the p:rssage that
leaders
(B) tvpe AB blood can be donated to
ellects
(C) rules (A) tvpe A, B, O, or AB
(D) trials (B) tvpe A or AB blood onlv
(C) tt'pe O or AB blood onlv
.l -). The rvold "particr-rlar" in line 7 is closest in (D) trpe AB blo,'d onlr
mcanlng tc)

(A) rare
(B) str;inge
(C) specific
(D) normal

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37. Which paragraph describes the author's 38. Where in the passage does the author
third important concept about blood indicate how manv types of blood there are
compatibility? in the ABO system?
(A) The first paragraph (A) Lines 3-4
(B) The second paragraph (B) Line 5
(C) The third paragraph (C) Lines 9-10
(D) The fourth paragraph (D) Lines 14*15

COMPLETE TEST TWO-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL

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Questions 39-50

The U.S. manned space flight proeram of the 1960s and 1970s consistecl of three distinct
ph:rses: Mercutr, Gemir-ri, and Apoilo. Each ol'these clistinct phases ol'the space f'light program
sened a r,err cliflerent pllrpose.
Line Merctttr'' uras the first phase of thc manned space flight program. Its purpose \\ras to get a
(5) person into orbit:il flight. The tinr.'Mercr-rn'capsule carried onlv a single astronaLrt. Alan Shepard
and Virgil Grissom piloled the flrst tlrro Mer-cun'flights, u,hich u'ere suborbital flights, in 196 1. John
Glenn, in the nert Mercurv flight, orbited the Earth in1962. Three more Mercun flights ioliorved.
The next phase of thc manned sperce flight program rvas Gemini. The purpose of the tcn crerved
Gemini fiights in 1965 and 1966 ri'as to conduct training tests necessan'I'or longer space flights.
(10) Gemini, Ior exanrple, carried out training in orbital clockin-e techniques and tests of the el'fects of
long-ter''m u'eighllessness on astronauts. Unlike Mercurv- capsules, r^,,hich held onlv one astronaut,
the Gemini capsules u'ere designec-l to canl two astronauts. The name Gemini r.las taken from the
name t-rf the constellation, u'hich means "tu,ins."
The Apollo llights lollor,i'ed thc Genrini flights u'ith the goal of landing astronauts on the Moon.
(I 5 ) The Apollo spacecralt consisled of three modtrles. The command nrodule carried three astronauts to
ancl []oln the Moon, tlre sen,ice nrodule hor-rsed the propulsion:rnd environntcntal svstems,:rnd the
Iunar moclule separated llom thc conrmand module to land t\\'o astronauts on the Moon. There
\\/ere sevenleen total Apollo fli-ehts, of u'hich the first six carlied no cre\\,. The ser.cnth through tentl-r
Apollo flights ( 1968-1969) circunrna'".igated the Moon u'ithout lzrnding and then returned to Earth.
(20) ThcnextsevenApolloflights(1969-1972)rvereintendedtolandontheMoon.Allofthemdid,
except Apollo 13, r.r'hich devcloped serious problems and had to aborl the intendcd landing but still
managed to return salclv to Earth.

39. The subject of this p:rssilge is 42. The u'ord "creu'ed" in line 8 is closest in
meaning to
(A) luniir landings
(B) the Gemini flights (A) endangered
(C) phases of the U.S. space flight (B) manned
program (C) organized
(D) spzrce exploration thr-ou-eh the decades (D) tested

40. Accorclir-rg to the passage, the Mercun' 43. The ptrlposc ol the Gemini ilights rras
flights
(A) to prepare for lonser space flights
(A) u,ere all suborbital llights (B) to attempt suborbital flights
(B) did not includc anr orbit:rl flights (C) to circumnavigate the N'loon
(C) u,ere all orbital flights (D) to land on the Moon
(D) included suborbital and orbital flights
44 It is NOT stated in the passage
41. It is impliecl in the passage that there u,ere (A) horv manv astronauts a Mercur-r.'flight
hou' manv total Melctrn'flights?
carried
(A) Three (B) hou'manv ztstronauts a Gemini flight
(B) For-rr carried
(C) Fire (C) horu lhc Mercr-rrr'1'lights rr,,ere named
(D) Six (D) hor.v the Gemini fligl.rts u'ere named

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45. It can be inferred from the passase that 48. The word "abor1" in line 21 is closest in
horv manv of the Apollo flights carried meanrng to
astronauts?
(A) postpone
(A) 6 (B) schedule
(B) 1l (C) try
(c) 16 (D) stop
(D) 17
49. It can be determined from the passage that
46. The word "circumnavigated" in line 19 is the manned space {light program discussed
closest in meaning to in the passage lasted for
(A) traveled around (A) trvo years
(B) returned From (B) just over 6 vears
(C) studied about (C) almost 12 years
(D) headed to$'ard (D) three decades

47. It can be determined from the passage that 50. Which paragraph describes the flights that
how manv Apollo llights landed on the carried one astronaut each?
moon?
(A) The first paragraph
(A) I (B) The second paragraph
(B) 6 (C) The third paragraph
(c) 11 (D) The fourth paragraph
(D) 17

This is the end of Section 3.

@@@@@@@
lf you finish in less than 55 minutes,
check your work on Section 3 only.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

COMPLETE TEST TWO-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL 291