Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

Density based Traffic Control System with

Ambulance Detection
Mohammed Fayaz Pooja K Pranitha P Reddy Swathi T
Professor, Dept of ECE VIII Sem ECE, VIII Sem ECE, VIII Sem ECE,
BTLIT, Bangalore BTLIT, Bangalore BTLIT, Bangalore BTLIT, Bangalore
Karnataka,India Karnataka,India Karnataka,India Karnataka,India

Abstract: Traffic congestion is a severe problem in most of the 1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the
citizens. It is caused by delay in signal, inappropriate timing of
traffic signalling etc. The delay of traffic light is hard coded and
it does not depend on traffic. Therefore, for optimising traffic
control, there is an increasing demand in systematic quick
automatic system. This paper is designed to develop a density
based dynamic traffic signal control. The signal timing changes
automatically on sensing the traffic density at the junction. The
microcontroller used in this project is ARDUINO. The system
contains IR sensors (transmitter and receiver) which will be
mounted on the either side of the road on poles. It gets activated
and receives the signal as the vehicles passes close by it.

Key Words: Traffic congestion, Ambulance, Intelligent traffic

control system, Arduino, IR Sensor, Acoustic Sensor

1. INTRODUCTION

Mostly cities, traffic is becoming a prime problem for day to Fig -1: Block diagram of the proposed system
day life. So, lots of techniques are taken into concern to
subdue the traffic. We have also presented our technicality by The basic block diagram of the density-based traffic control
designing the density-based traffic signal system using system is as shown in figure 1. It consists of four roads, IR
Arduino Uno AT Mega 328P. For the same at first, we have Sensors, Acoustic Sensor, a microcontroller unit and signal
considered four IR sensors, eight LED’s, eight 220 ohms lights (LED’s).
resistors and one Arduino Uno which acts as the The components required are as follows:
microcontroller. Here he IR sensors are used to measure the 1. IR Sensor
traffic density i.e., the number of vehicles are counted that are 2. Light emitting diode
passing through the each IR sensor which is called as traffic 3. Arduino UNO
density and the four IR sensors are interfaced with the 4. Acoustic Sensor
Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno has 28 pin configuration and 1.1.1 IR Sensor
also consist of 14 digital I/O pins (out of 14 pins, 6 can be
used as PWM outputs), six Analog inputs, 16MHz crystal,
USB connection, power jack, ICSP header, reset button. Here
three different colour light emitting diode i.e. red, yellow and
green are applied, according to the traffic conditions.

Fig -2: IR Sensor

An IR (Infrared) sensor is an electronic device which can be
used to sense certain parameters of its surroundings by either
emitting or detecting radiations. It can also measure heat of

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

an object and detect motion. It uses the infrared light to sense

objects in front of them and map or guess their distance. This
system consists of 8 IR sensors as a detector of 4 junctions.
IR transmitter looks like an LED. This IR transmitter always
emits IR rays from it. The operating voltage of this IR
transmitter is 2 to 3v. These IR (infra-red) rays are invisible
to the human eye. But we can see these IR radiations through
camera. IR transmitter transmits IR rays that are received by
IR receiver. Generally, IR receiver has high resistance in the
order of mega ohms but when it is receiving IR rays the
resistance is very low. The operating voltage of IR receiver
also 2 to 3V. We have to place these IR pair in such a way
that when we place an obstacle in front of this IR pair, IR
receiver should be able to receive the IR rays. When power is
supplied, the transmitted IR rays hit the object and reflect
back to the IR receiver.

1.1.2 Light Emitting Diode

Fig -4: Arduino UNO

Fig -3: Symbol of LED
1.1.4 Acoustic Sensor
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor
light source. It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when
activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads,
electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the
device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by
the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LED’s are
typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical
components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.
1.1.3 Arduino Uno
Arduino/Genuine Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz Fig -5: Acoustic Sensor
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button.It contains everything needed to The Acoustic sensor module is a simple microphone based on
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer a op-amp LM358 to amplify the sound strength of the
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or environment like door knocks and etc loud enough to be
battery to get started. picked up by a microcontroller's Analog to Digital converter.
The value of output can be adjusted by the potentiometer .

Volume 7, Issue 08 Published by, www.ijert.org 2

Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

3.HARDWARE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 0

Fig -6: Circuit diagram of the proposed system

Fig-7: Hardware of the proposed system
The model works on the principle of changing delay of Traffic Our project density-based traffic light control is an
signals based on the number of cars passing through an automated way of controlling signals in accordance to the
assigned section of the road. There are four density of traffic in the roads. IR sensors are placed in the
sensors placed at four sides of a four-way road which counts entire intersecting road at fixed distances from the signal
the number of cars passing by the area covered by the sensors. placed in the junction. The time delay in the traffic signal is
Here we are using IR sensors replacing traffic control system set based on the density of vehicles on the roads. The IR
to design a density-based traffic signal system. IR sensor sensors are used to sense the number of vehicles on the road.
contains IR transmitter IR receiver (photodiode) in itself. According to the IR count, microcontroller takes appropriate
These IR transmitter and IR receiver will be mounted on same decisions as to which road is to be given the highest priority
sides of the road at a particular distance. As the vehicle passes and the longest time delay for the corresponding traffic light
through these IR sensors, the IR sensor will detect the vehicle
& will send the information to the microcontroller.The 4.AMBULANCE DETECTION
microcontroller will count the number of vehicles, and
provide the glowing time to LED according to the density of
vehicles. The lane or road which has the higher density, then
the LED will glow for higher time than average or vice versa.
The traffic lights are initially running at a fixed delay of 1000
milliseconds, which in turn produces a delay of 1000+1
milliseconds in the entire process. This entire embedded
system is placed at that junction. Microcontroller is interfaced
with LED’s and IR sensors. The total number of IR sensors
required are 4 and LED’s are 8. Therefore, these are
connected to any two ports of the Arduino.IR sensor module
consists of IR transmitter and IR receiver.

Fig-9: Ambulance detection with acoustic sensors

The acoustic sensors collect the siren signals and forward them
to the Road Side Unit. The Road Side Unit includes a
frequency measuring controller (Arduino UNO) to detect the
emergency vehicles. The RSU collects the siren signals from
the acoustic sensors and forwards them to the frequency
measuring controller. The controller detects the emergency
vehicle by its siren frequencies. The controller measures the
frequencies of siren signals and computes the average of
measured frequencies. The frequency measuring controller
sends the alert signal to the traffic signal controller (Arduino
Uno), if the frequency is between the range of yelp or wail.
The traffic signal controller stops the fixed sequence and light
length algorithm and executes the emergency vehicle

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Special Issue - 2019 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
RTESIT - 2019 Conference Proceedings

dispatching algorithm on receipt of arriving emergency

vehicle information. The data collection module gathers the
data from all the RSU’s and forwards it to Traffic Signal
Control Module The controller executes the proposed
algorithm and sends its decision to traffic lights. After the
passage of an emergency vehicle(ambulance), the system
resumes its normal operation, i.e. Fixed sequence and light
length algorithm.

Fig-11: Result of the Density Based Traffic Control

Fig-10: Demonstration Board System

5.CONCLUSION REFERENCES
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