Transaction 1: Company A Sold Its Products at $120 and Received The Full Amount in Cash
Transaction 1: Company A Sold Its Products at $120 and Received The Full Amount in Cash
Steps Self-Questions Answers
2 If Company A received cash, how would this affect Receiving cash increases
the cash balance? the cash balance of the
company.
3 Which side of cash account represents the increase Debit side (Left side).
in cash?
5 Which side of sales account represents the increase Credit side (Right side).
in sales?
Debit Credit
Cash 120
Sales 120
Self-Questions Answers
Steps
2 If Company A received supplies, how would this affect the supplies It increases supplies balance.
balance?
3 Which side of supplies account represents the increase in cash? Debit side (Left side).
6 Does the sum of debit side amounts equal to the sum of credit side Yes.
amounts? In other words, does this journal entry balance?
$50 = $50
[Journal entry to record transaction 2]
Debit Credit
Supplies 50
Cash 50
Accounts have normal balances on the side where the increases in such accounts are recorded.
Asset accounts have normal balances on debit side.
Expense accounts have normal balances on debit side.
Liability accounts have normal balances on credit side.
Equity accounts have normal balances on credit side.
Revenue accounts have normal balances on credit side.
In the financial statements, accounts are reported on the sides where they have normal balances.
Balance Sheet
Assets Liabilities
Owners' Equity
Income Statement
Expenses Revenues
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Assets (Cash) by $10,000 Debit
2 Increase in Owner's Equity by $10,000 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Cash 10,000
Owner's Equity 10,000
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Assets (Cash) by $20,000 Debit
2 Increase in Liabilities (Borrowings) by $20,000 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Cash 20,000
Borrowings 20,000
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Assets (Equipment) by $12,000 Debit
2 Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $12,000 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Equipment 12,000
Cash 12,000
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Assets (Merchandise) by $6,000 Debit
2 Increase in Liabilities (Accounts Payable) by $6,000 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Merchandise 6,000
Accounts Payable 6,000
The company sold 500 units of merchandise at the price of $11,000. Customer paid $9,000 in cash at
the time of sale.
Analysis of Transaction
Note: This transaction includes both "REVENUE" and "EXPENSE" components.
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Expenses (Salaries Expense) by $3,500 Debit
2 Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $3,500 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Salaries Expense 3,500
Cash 3,500
Analysis of Transaction
Debit or Credit ?
Steps
1 Increase in Expenses (Rent Expense) by $1,500 Debit
2 Decrease in Assets (Cash) by $1,500 Credit
Journal Entry
Debit Credit
Rent Expense 1,500
Cash 1,500
Accounts Receivable
Credit
Debit
(5)-1 2,000
Balance 2,000
Merchandise
Credit
Debit
(4) 6,000 (5)-2 5,000
Balance 1,000
Equipment
Credit
Debit
(3) 12,000
Balance 12,000
Accounts Payable
Credit
Debit
(4) 6,000
Balance 6,000
Sales
Credit
Debit
(5)-1 11,000
Balance 11,000
Salaries Expense
Credit
Debit
(6) 2,500
Balance 2,500
Rent Expense
Credit
Debit
(7) 1,500
Balance 1,500
Balance Sheet
As of May 31, 20XX
Liabilities and Owner's Equity
Assets
Cash $ 23,000 Accounts Payable $ 6,000
Accounts Receivable 2,000 Borrowings 20,000
Merchandise 1,000
(*1
Equipment 12,000 Owner's Equity 12,000
)
Total Liabilities and
Total Assets $ 38,000 $ 38,000
Owner's Equity
Income Statement
For the Period from May 1 to May 31, 20XX
Revenue
Sales $ 11,000
Total Revenue $ 11,000
Expenses
Cost of Goods Sold $ 5,000
Salaries Expense 2,500
Rent Expense 1,500
Total Expenses 9,000
Net Income $ 2,000 (*2)
(*1) Owner's Equity=Investment by Owner+Net Income=$10,000+$2,000=$12,000
(*2) Net Income = Total Revenue - Total Expenses = $11,000 - $9,000 = $2,000
The following accounts have normal balances on the debit side
1. Asset accounts
2. Expense and loss accounts
Increases and decreases
1. Increases in asset accounts are recorded on the debit side
2. Decreases in asset accounts are recorded on the credit side
3. Increases in expense and loss accounts are recorded on the debit side
4. Decreases in expense and loss accounts are recorded on the credit side
Examples of asset accounts
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable
Notes receivable
Interest receivable
Rent receivable
Inventories
Merchandise
Raw materials
Work-in-process
Finished goods
Supplies
Prepaid expenses
Prepaid rent expense
Prepaid insurance expense
Prepaid interest expense
Investment in debt and equity securities
Trading securities
Available-for-sale securities
Held-to-maturity securities
Property, plant and equipment
Land
Buildings
Equipment
Machinery
Capitalized leases
Leasehold improvements
Intangible assets
Goodwill
Trademarks
Patents
Examples of expense and loss accounts
Cost of goods sold
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Salaries expense
Advertising expense
Rent expense
Travel expense
Communication expense
Insurance expense
Supplies expense
Utilities expense
Depreciation expense
Other expenses and losses
Interest expense
Loss on disposal of equipment
Income tax expense
Accounting Equation 01
3. Combined Version
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
---> Equity = Beginning Equity + Net Income
Combined version
Assets = Liabilities + Beginning Equity + Revenue - Expenses
--> $280,000 = $120,000 + $100,000 + $300,000 - $240,000
Case 1:
Assets = $12,000
Liabilities = $5,000
Equity = $7,000
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
$12,000 = $5,000 + $7,000
Practice Question 1:
Revenue = $16,000
Expenses = $10,000
Net income = Revenue - Expenses = $16,000 - $10,000 = $6,000
Practice Question 2:
Case 3:
Assets = $25,000
Liabilities = $11,000
Beginning Equity = $10,000
Revenue = $36,000
Expenses = $32,000
Assets = Liabilities + Beginning Equity + Revenue - Expenses
$25,000 = $11,000 + $10,000 + $36,000 - $32,000
Practice Question 3:
1. Liability accounts
2. Equity accounts
3. Revenue and gain accounts
Increases and decreases
1. Increases in liability accounts are recorded on the credit side
2. Decreases in liability accounts are recorded on the debit side
3. Increases in equity accounts are recorded on the credit side
4. Decreases in equity accounts are recorded on the debit side
5. Increases in revenue and gain accounts are recorded on the credit side
6. Decreases in revenue and gain are recorded on the debit side
Examples of liability accounts
Accounts payable
Notes payable
Salaries payable
Rent payable
Insurance payable
Interest payable
Income taxes payable
Dividends payable
Unearned rent revenue
Borrowings
Short-term borrowings
Long-term borrowings
Bonds payable
Capital lease obligations
Examples of equity accounts
Paid-in capital
Common stock
Preferred stock
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Examples of current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Accounts receivable
Notes receivable
Interest receivable
Rent receivable
Inventories
Merchandise
Raw materials
Work-in-process
Finished goods
Supplies
Prepaid expenses
Prepaid rent expense
Prepaid insurance expense
Prepaid interest expense
Trading securities
Available-for-sale securities, current
Held-to-maturity securities, current
Other current investments
Liabilities
1. Liabilities are present obligations to transfer resources in the future
2. Such obligations are due to past transactions or events
3. Past, present and future
(1) due to past transactions or events
(2) present obligations
(3) future transfer of resources
Debits and credits
1. Liability accounts have normal balances on the credit side
Practice Questions
Entity A has the following account balances as of December 31, 2010.
Accounts Balances
1 Accounts payable due within a year $50,000
2 Notes payable due in 2011 $70,000
3 Notes payable due in 2012 $40,000
4 Accounts receivable due within a year $10,000
5 Notes receivable due in 2012 $10,000
6 Bonds payable due in 2015 $80,000
7 Income taxes payable $30,000
8 Short-term borrowings $20,000
1. What is the amount of current liabilities?
Accounts Balances
1 Accounts payable due within a year $50,000
2 Notes payable due in 2011 $70,000
7 Income taxes payable $30,000
8 Short-term borrowings $20,000
Total current liabilities $170,000
2. What is the amount of noncurrent liabilities?
Accounts Balances
3 Notes payable due in 2012 $40,000
6 Bonds payable due in 2015 $80,000
Total noncurrent liabilities $120,000
(Note) The following items are not liabilities
Accounts Balances
4 Accounts receivable due within a year $10,000
5 Notes receivable due in 2012 $10,000
Revenue
Examples of revenue accounts
Sales revenue
Services revenue
Interest revenue
Rent revenue
Practice Questions
debit credit
Cash 3,600
Accounts receivable 2,400
Sales revenue 6,000
debit credit
Cash 2,400
Accounts receivable 2,400