IP Addressing and Subnetting

Exercise
Prepared By: Waqas Yasir
Class: CCNA
Roll No: 17

Question #1.
Write the default subnet Masks for the Class A, Class B and Class C IP addresses.

Answer:
For Class A: 255.0.0.0
For Class B: 255.255.0.0
For Class C: 255.255.255.0

Question #2.
How we can distinguish Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E IP addresses from each other.
Write the range of first octet in binary and decimal for all the 5 IP address classes.

Answer:
Class Address Ending Address
A 1.0.0.0 172.255.255.255
B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
C 192.0.0.0 233.255.255.255
D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
E 240.0.0.0 255.255.255.255

Question # 3.

Write the default subnet Masks for the following IP addresses.

a. 100.100.225.100
b. 200.0.0.2
c. 190.47.115.0
d. 192.11.39.2
e.101.7.80.0

Answer:
a) 255.0.0.0
b) 255.255.255.0
c) 255.255.0.0
d) 255.255.255.0
e) 255.0.0.0
Question # 4.
Write down the three available ranges for assigning Private IP addresses recommended by IANA
(Internet Assigned Number Authority).

Answer:

Address Blocks
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255.
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Question # 5.

What do we mean by Loopback address. Write down a Loopback address and its use.

Answer:
The loopback interface is not a physical interface and has no hardware associated with it. It is a
software interface that is always reachable regardless of the physical interface status. RFC3513 defines
the loopback interface address as 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1, or ::1 in condensed form. An IPv6 node uses the
loopback interface to send packets to itself. The standard prohibits a node from forwarding a packet
with a destination address of a loopback.

Question #6.
What is the difference between a broadcast address and Network address? Why the all zeros and all
ones addresses are usually not assigned as host IP addresses?

Answer:
Network address This is the designation used in routing to send packets to a remote
network for example, 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, and 192.168.10.0.

Broadcast address The address used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes
on a network is called the broadcast address. Examples include 255.255.255.255, which is all
networks,all nodes; 172.16.255.255, which is all subnets and hosts on network 172.16.0.0; and
10.255.255.255, which broadcasts to all subnets and hosts on network 10.0.0.0.

Question # 7.
A mask is used to distinguish how many bits are there in Network ID portion and how many are in
host ID portion. We can extract the Network Address from the given IP address using the mask.
(Assume that no subnetting is done). Extract the network address from the following IP addresses:
a. 139.65.225.4
b. 201.35.20.18
c. 190.47.115.6
d. 192.11.39.2
e. 10.7.80.0
Answer:

a: It belongs to class B(16-bit) so 2 portion is for network address and 2 portion is for hosted address.
b: It belongs to class C(24-bit) so 3 portion is for network address and 1 portion is for hosted address.
c: It belongs to class B(16-bit) so 2 portion is for network address and 2 portion is for hosted address.
d: It belongs to class C(24-bit) so 3 portion is for network address and 1 portion is for hosted address.
e: It belongs to class A(8-bit) so 1 portion is for network address and 3 portion is for hosted address.

Question # 8.
A broadcast address is the one that addresses to all the hosts in any network. State that to create a
broadcast address, all the bits of network ID portion, or all the bits of host ID portion are set to 1? Write
down the broadcast addresses of the networks to which the following IP addresses belong. (No
subnetting)
f. 139.65.225.4
g. 201.35.20.18
h. 190.47.115.6
i. 192.11.39.2
j. .10.7.80.0
Answer:

First of all find network address of each address then find broadcast of that network.

9. In subnetting, we actually borrow some bits of Host ID to be used as Subnet ID. Each
Subnet ID is used to identify a unique subnet and each host ID is used to identify a unique
host within a subnet. If you add more bits to the subnet ID portion, then the hosts per subnet
will increase or decrease?

Answer:
If we add more bits to the subnet ID portion, then the hosts per subnet will be decrease.

Question # 10.
Subnet Mask or Custom mask tells us that how many bits are used for Subnet ID portion and how
many for host ID portion. Remember, that in a subnet mask, we place 1s against all network ID and
subnet ID bits and 0s against all the host ID bits. Identify how many bits are used for subnetting in the
following IP address using its subnet mask:
k. IP Address: 139.65.225.4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0
l. IP Address: 139.65.225.4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0
m. IP Address: 201.35.20.18 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128
n. IP Address: 201.35.20.18 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240
o. IP Address: 190.47.115.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0
p. IP Address: 190.47.115.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.252.0
q. IP Address: 192.11.39.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
r. IP Address: 192.11.39.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
s. IP Address: 10.7.80.0 Subnet Mask: 255.240.0.0
J. IP Address: 10.7.80.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0
Answer:

1)- IP Address: 139.65.225.4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 19 (11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000)
Bits for Host ID Portion: 13 (11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000)

2). IP Address: 139.65.225.4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.248.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 21
Bits for Host ID Portion: 11

3). IP Address: 201.35.20.18 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 25
Bits for Host ID Portion: 7

4). IP Address: 201.35.20.18 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 28
Bits for Host ID Portion: 4

5). IP Address: 190.47.115.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 17
Bits for Host ID Portion: 15

6). IP Address: 190.47.115.6 Subnet Mask: 255.255.252.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 22
Bits for Host ID Portion: 10

7). IP Address: 192.11.39.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 26
Bits for Host ID Portion: 6

8). IP Address: 192.11.39.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 27
Bits for Host ID Portion: 5

9). IP Address: 10.7.80.0 Subnet Mask: 255.240.0.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 12
Bits for Host ID Portion: 20

10). IP Address: 10.7.80.0 Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0

Bits for Subnet ID Portion: 17
Bits for Host ID Portion: 15
 Question # 11.
Extract the Network Addresses of the given IP addresses in question number 10, using the subnet
masks given with them. (Remember that anding the IP address with the Mask extracts the network
address from the given IP address).

Answer:

The network address is a standard way to refer to a network. For example, we could refer to the
network “10.0.0.0 network." This is a much more convenient and descriptive way to refer to the
network than using a term like "the first network." All hosts in the 10.0.0.0 network will have the same
network bits.

Question # 12.
Specify a suitable Subnet Mask for the following cases: (You have to decide how many bits should be
taken as subnet ID from the host ID portion to satisfy the required number of subnets).

Answer:

1. Class A Network with 10 subnets

255.240.0.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

2. Class B Network with 120 subnets

255.255.254.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

3. Class B Network with 13 subnets

255.255.240.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

4. Class C Network with 20 subnets

255.255.255.248 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

5. Class A Network with 1115 subnets

255.255.224.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

6. Class A Network with 5000 subnets

255.255.248.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

7. Class B Network with 500 subnets

255.255.128.0 is Suitable Subnet Mask.

8. Class C Network with 21 subnets

255.255.255.248 is Suitable Subnet Mask
 Question # 13.
Suppose you have a class B Network 172.121.225.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we
can create 130 Network segments (subnets) within this Network.

Answer:

1. How many bits would you use for the subnet ID?
24 bits would be used by Subnet ID.

2. How many bits would you use for the Host ID?
8 bits would be used by Host ID.

3. How many maximum possible subnets will be there?

256 Subnet are Possible.

4. How many maximum possible hosts will be there in each subnet?

256 Host per Subnet is Possible.

5. Write down the Subnet Mask of your scheme.

255.255.255.0

6. Write down the first valid IP address, last valid IP address and the broadcast address of the
Third subnet of your scheme.
First Valid IP --- 172.121.0.1
Last Valid IP --- 172.121.255.254
Broadcast address of 3rd Subnet of your Scheme is 172.121.3.255

Question # 14.
Suppose you have a class C Network 206.94.115.0. Your task is to design a subnet scheme so that we
can create 14 Network segments (subnets) within this Network. Each subnet should support 10-12
hosts.

Answer:

1. How many bits would you use for the subnet ID?
28 bits would be used as Subnet ID.

2. How many bits would you use for the Host ID?
24 bits would be used as Host ID.

3. How many maximum possible subnets will be there?

16 possible Subnets

4. How many maximum possible hosts will be there in each subnet?

16 Hosts per Subnet
 5. Write down the Subnet Mask of your scheme.
255.255.255.240

Question # 15.
You joined an ISP and your first assignment to distribute the 160.16.0.0 /16 address among these blocks
of customers as follows:
a. The first group has 200 medium size businesses, each need 128 addresses.
b. The second group has 400 small businesses, each need 16 addresses.
c. The third group has 2048 households, each need 4 addresses.
Design the sub blocks and give the slash notation for each sub block. Find out how many addresses are
still available after these allocations.

Answer:

Subnets Hosts
1. 200 128
2. 400 16
3. 2048 4