Copyright 2014

Knowledge Base Software (Pty) Ltd

 Conditions of Sale
The purchaser (hereafter referred to as the Licensee) hereby accepts a non-exclusive, non-
transferable license to use the software, Civil Designer, subject to the following conditions.
1. The license fee shall be payable in advance and this agreement commences on said date of
purchase.
2. A separate license fee is payable for each computer upon which the Licensee wishes to
have simultaneous use of the software.
3. It is up to the Licensee’s responsibility to insure the program for the full current
replacement value. In the event of theft or loss of the program, security disk, or security
module, or damage to any of the foregoing, the license must be re-purchased in full.
4. The Licensee undertakes not to copy, except for backup purposes, reproduce, translate,
adapt, vary or modify the software, nor to communicate the software to any third party
other than the Licensee’s employees, without the Licensor’s prior written consent. The
Licensee also undertakes not to bypass or attempt to bypass the security measures
incorporated in and supplied with the program by any means whatsoever, including third-
party applications purporting to be a back-up system for hardware security devices.
5. The Licensee agrees that it shall not itself - nor through any subsidiary, agent or third party
- sell, lease, license, sub-license or otherwise deal with the software.
6. The Licensee acknowledges that any and all of the intellectual property rights including
trademark, trade name, copyright and other rights used or embodied in or in connection
with the software shall be and remain the sole property of the Licensor and its principals.
7. The Licensee shall not question or dispute the ownership of any such rights at any time.
8. No warranty of any kind is made with regard to the use or application of the software or
it’s fitness for any particular purpose. The verification of all results and output is entirely
the responsibility of the purchaser.
9. While every care has been taken in the preparation of the Civil Designer program and it’s
manual, Knowledge Base Software (Pty) Ltd, it’s employees and agents shall not be liable
for any loss or damage (including in particular, consequential losses, loss of profits and
penalties) suffered by the Licensee arising from any cause whatsoever in connection with
the Civil Designer program or the use thereof whether such loss or damage results from
breach of contract (including a fundamental breach), negligence or any other cause and
whether or not this contract is at any time cancelled.
 Table of Contents
WELCOME 1-1
Where do I go from here? 1-1
Typefaces in this manual 1-2
Conventions used in this manual 1-2
How to get support 1-3
On-line help 1-3
Online documentation 1-3

INSTALLATION AND STARTUP 2-4

What you need to know 2-4
System Requirements 2-4
Reading the README file 2-4
Installing Civil Designer 2-5
What is installed 2-5
Program Folder 2-5
Document Folders 2-5
Starting Civil Designer from Windows 2-6
Security 2-6
Safety Precautions 2-6
What to do now 2-6
Customizing Civil Designer 2-7
Program Home Folder 2-8
Sample Data Folder 2-8
The Concept 2-9
Design Modes 2-9
The working environment 2-10
Output 2-10
Tutorials 2-11

TUTORIAL 1 - DTM BASICS 3-1

Open an existing drawing or create a new one 3-2
Create a new project 3-2
Import ASCII data 3-5
Generate a digital terrain model 3-7
View Options 3-8
Editing break lines 3-9
Intelligent break lines 3-9
Smooth Contours 3-12
Create a site plan 3-14

TUTORIAL 2 - TERRACE DESIGN 4-1

Define a terrace 4-2
Adding terrace banks 4-4
Calculate terrace volumes 4-6
Merge the terrace with the original ground 4-7

TUTORIAL 3 - ROADS DESIGN 5-1

Select the working road 5-2
Input the horizontal alignment 5-4
Changing the alignment 5-5

i
 Review and coordinate 5-5
Extract cross-sections 5-8
Vertical alignment 5-9
Define a road template 5-14
Kerb settings 5-14
Compulsory additions 5-16
Cut and fill conditions 5-17
Specify a Pavement design 5-18
Preview 5-20
Template Number 5-21
Calculate the road levels 5-22
Calculate the road levels 5-22
Calculate the cross section areas 5-25
Calculate the volumes 5-27
Calculating Layerwork volumes 5-28
Create a cross-section drawing 5-29
Create a long section drawing 5-31
Create a site plan 5-35

TUTORIAL 4 - SEWER DESIGN 6-1

Create a new data file 6-2
Input Data 6-2
Import coordinate data from an ASCII file 6-3
Display the nodes and links 6-6
Display additional link data 6-8
Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model 6-9
Set node and link parameters 6-11
Edit the Link Tables 6-13
Input inflow data 6-14
Analyze the network 6-18
Display link sizes and slopes 6-21
Calculate Quantities 6-22
Erf Connection Defaults 6-23
Add Erf Connections 6-24
Analyze Erf Connections 6-29
Printing input data and results 6-32
Creating the final layout plan 6-33
Plotting Sewer Longsections 6-34

TUTORIAL 5 – ILLUDAS MODEL 7-1

Create a new data file 7-2
Input Storm data 7-2
Import coordinate data from an ASCII file 7-3
Display the nodes and links 7-6
Display additional link data 7-9
Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model 7-12
Set node and link parameters 7-14
Input runoff data 7-15
Add Sub-catchment Areas 7-18
Analyze the network 7-22
Display link sizes and slopes 7-24
Calculate Quantities 7-25

ii
Printing input data and results 7-26
Creating the final layout plan 7-27
Specifying Plan Lists 7-29
Plotting long sections 7-30

TUTORIAL 6 – WATER DESIGN 9-1

Add a Water data set to a project 9-2
Convert Drawing Entities 9-4
Default settings 9-6
Nodes 9-6
Importing the CAD entities 9-8
Display settings 9-9
Modifying the model 9-11
Editing node information 9-12
Editing the Reservoir Information 9-14
Inserting a pump station 9-16
Editing pump information 9-17
Analysing the model 9-20
Viewing the results 9-22
Colour scheme 9-22
Tabular 9-23
Graphs 9-25
Plotting long sections 9-26

INDEX 10-1

iii
iv
Welcome
Welcome to Civil Designer, the design system created by civil engineers for civil engineers, to
save you time, effort and money. Now you can work faster, smarter and accomplish more.
This manual introduces you to Civil Designer and gets you up and running without delay. It
shows you how to accomplish the most common tasks and provides tips on the exciting and
innovative new features to be found in Civil Designer.
The easy-to-follow tutorial will help you gain hands-on experience with the program.

Where do I go from here?

After reading this manual you should know the following:
• How to get Civil Designer up and running
• How to use the menus and the on-line help system
• How to input and edit data files
• How to start an analysis
• How to view and output the results of the calculations
For more detail simply refer to the on-line help file: it contains over 700 pages of detailed
information on each function.

Installation and Startup 1-1

Typefaces in this manual
The different typefaces in this manual are used as follows:
Monospace This typeface represents text as it appears onscreen such as prompts.
Italics Italics are used for emphasis and to introduce new terms.
[Enter] This indicates a key on your keyboard.
For example:
Press [Enter] to complete the entry.
Command This typeface indicates a menu option or a command.
For example:
Click on the Open icon to load a drawing.
 This button on the control bar is used to accept a setting or function.
 This button in the control bar is used to cancel a setting or function.
Menu commands appear with the path separated by an arrow. The instruction Draw ► Ellipses
► Ellipse refers to the command you choose by opening the Draw menu, the Ellipses sub-
menu, and by choosing the Ellipse option.

Conventions used in this manual

In this manual, clicking refers to clicking with your left mouse button unless otherwise
specified. When a click with your right mouse button is required, the terms right click or right
clicking are used.

Clicking means to press and release a mouse button quickly.

1-2 Civil Designer 2014

How to get support
Technical support is available from 08.00 to 17.00 (SAST/GMT+2) Mondays to Fridays excluding
public holidays by email from our Customer Support Centre at [email protected].
You can also get telephonic support at:
South Africa 086 0101 999
International +27 21 7011850
On-line help
The Civil Designer on-line help system is far easier to use and more comprehensive than this
manual. It contains about 10 times as much information and provides complete answers to
virtually any question you may have about features or how to use Civil Designer.

While using the program you can press F1 for context sensitive help at any time. The help
items can be printed if required using the Windows Help system.
Online documentation
This User Guide is also supplied in Adobe Acrobat PDF format. This allows you to browse
through the manual, to search for specific subjects, and to print out all or any selection of
pages.

Installation and Startup 1-3

Installation and Startup
Before you begin working with Civil Designer,
• Check the contents of your package
• Make sure that your hardware satisfies the program's requirements
• Run the installation program
• Plug the security module ( if supplied) into your USB port
• Start Civil Designer.

What you need to know

This manual assumes that you are familiar with basic Windows operations. If you are not, you
should read the documentation that came with your copy of Windows before installing and
using the program.
System Requirements
Before you install Civil Designer, ensure that your hardware and system software meets the
following requirements:
• 2.2MHz Core Duo or better
• 2GB or more RAM (4GB or more recommended)
• 200Mb or more free hard disk space
• Microsoft Windows XP/Vista/7 or later.
• A screen sub-system configured to a resolution of at least 1024 x 768.
• CD-ROM drive
All printers, plotters, screens, and mice are supported via Windows. If Windows does not
include a driver for your particular printer or plotter, please contact your printer or plotter
manufacturer. They should be able to provide you with a Windows driver for your device.
Reading the README file
Any last-minute changes or additions to Civil Designer are documented in the README.TXT
file. When the Setup program has finished installing Civil Designer on your hard disk it displays
the README file. You can view the README file using Windows WordPad and print the
contents at any stage.

2-4 Civil Designer 2014

Installing Civil Designer
1. Insert the program CD into the CD-ROM drive.
2. If the installation program does not start automatically and you are using Windows
XP/Vista/7 or later, click on Start ► Run to run the SETUP program on the CD.
3. Follow the prompts of the Civil Designer installation program. Civil Designer will be
installed in the folder that you choose.
What is installed
The Setup program creates a number of folders and also modifies the Windows Registry. These
changes are explained in the following sections.
Program Folder
The folder that Civil Designer is installed into is called your Program Home folder. Unless you
specified another name when you installed Civil Designer, your Program Home folder is called
Civil Designer 2014 and is installed as a sub-folder of Program Files\Knowledge Base
Software. It also contains the Manuals sub-folder where the on-line version of the printed
documentation is stored.
Document Folders
Additional files are installed in a sub-folder of the Shared Documents folder (Windows XP) or
the Public Documents folder (Windows Vista/7). The sub-folder is named Knowledge Base
Software and it also contains a number of sub-folders:
Knowledge Base Software

2D Symbols
Civil Designer 2011

Security
Sheetfiles

2D Symbols sub-folder
By default, Symbols is the folder where the program looks for block files (symbol files in Civil
Designer 6.x) when you use File ► Insert Block. The symbol folder will contain some sample
block files as well as symbol files for you to use when you are working with the Architectural
toolkit.
Civil Designer 2014 sub-folder
This folder contains the menu, toolbar and styles files.
Security sub-folder
This folder contains files related to disk-based security and should under no circumstances be
altered or deleted.
Sheetfiles
The Sheetfiles sub-folder contains basic sheet layouts which include the title block layout.

Installation and Startup 2-5

Starting Civil Designer from Windows
Once installation is complete, you can run Civil Designer by clicking on:
Start ► Programs ► Civil Designer 2014 ►Civil Designer 2014

To exit from inside Civil Designer, select File ► Exit.

Security
Before you can use Civil Designer you must call for an authorization code as follows:
1. Start the program.
2. Ensure that the security module is plugged into your USB port.
3. Select the File ► Security ► Authorize option.
4. A dialog box with your program code will be displayed. Contact your support centre for
your return code or click on the Save button and email the support centre with the
contents of the AUTHORISATION.TXT file.
5. Input the return code and press the [Authorize] button.
You are now ready to go. For more details refer to Security in the online help.
Safety Precautions
Please insure your program for the full replacement value. Should your security module be lost
or stolen you will have to purchase a new license.
What to do now
While Civil Designer is easy to use even without a manual, you will get up and running more
quickly if you read the following chapters:
• Screen, Mouse and Keyboard
• Accurate Drawing
• Geometry
• Shortcuts

Once you begin working on your own drawings you can consult the relevant chapters of the
help file for explanations of individual commands, and as you gain confidence you can start
customising Civil Designer to your own requirements.
Many functions have short cuts associated with them. In order to get the best out of Civil
Designer we strongly recommend that you learn these. You can also define your own short
cuts using the Accelerator Editor.

2-6 Civil Designer 2014

Customizing Civil Designer
Once you have enough confidence, you can customise Civil Designer to suit your own
requirements.
You can delete functions that you don't use using the Menu Editor, and add your own
functions using Civil Designer's scripting language.
You can totally re-arrange the menu system, and replace the functions on the icons in the
toolbar with the functions you use most often. You can also select certain icons to sit on the
various toolbars.
The following tools allow you to customise Civil Designer:
• Accelerator Editor
Customise the shortcut keys.
• Linestyle Editor
Create and edit your own line types.
• Menu Editor
Customise Civil Designer's menus.
• Palette Editor
Create and edit your own pen colours.
• Toolbar Editor
Customise Civil Designer's toolbars.

Installation and Startup 2-7

Program Home Folder
The folder that Civil Designer is installed into is called your Program Home folder. Unless you
specified another name when you installed Civil Designer, your Program Home folder is called
Civil Designer 2014. It contains the Manuals sub-folders:

Manuals
The on-line version of the printed documentation is stored in the Manuals folder in PDF
format.

Sample Data Folder

The path to the Sample Data that one may require while doing the Tutorials will be stored in
different locations, depending on the Operating System on your PC.
Windows XP
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Knowledge Base Software
Windows Vista and Windows 7
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Knowledge Base Software

The Sample Data folder contains a number of sub-folders:

Examples sub-folder
This folder contains example drawings and other example data.
Sheetfiles sub-folder
This folder contains drawing templates called sheetfiles. Sheetfiles define exactly what a
plotted drawing will look like.
Symbols sub-folder
By default, symbol is the folder where the program looks for symbol files when you use Insert
► Block. To load symbol files you may use the Block Manager.

The symbol folder will contain some sample symbol files as well as symbol files for you to use
when you are working through the tutorials.
Users sub-folder
The Users sub-folder contains another sub-folder called Guest. By default, Guest is your User
Home folder.

2-8 Civil Designer 2014

The Concept
Civil Designer consists of a suite of fully interactive design modules which combine to form an
integrated data gathering, drawing, surface modelling and design system. Every routine shares
a common data structure and there are facilities to manipulate data from the basic collection
stages all the way through to final contract drawings.
This seamless interaction between the design tools results in even greater productivity. No
longer do you have to transfer data between different design programs. In Civil Designer each
design module will share its data with the other modules when required.
All the modules interact with the user and each other through the simplified and streamlined
interface. We've spent hundreds of hours analyzing CAD methods and have developed an
optimized command system that places the most common operations within one keystroke or
button click.
The Control Bar dramatically cuts the number of user responses for much faster editing and
drawing so those complex tasks are completed easily.
With Civil Designer all your design tasks will now be faster and easier, and you will be able to
do much more than before.
Design Modes
Civil Designer has a number of design modes. You switch between different design modes by
means of the Application toolbar or the Applications menu item. For example, to activate the
Terrain design mode, simply click on the Terrain button in the applications toolbar or select the
Applications ► Terrain option from the current menu.

The menu bar will change depending on the active design mode. The active design mode will
also be highlighted on the application toolbar. In the example below the Road mode is active.

Icon Mode Description

CAD General draughting functions

Survey calculations, reductions and general survey data manipulation

Survey
functions.
Digital terrain modelling functions, contours, terraces, dams and
Terrain
earthwork volumes.
Road Single and dual carriageway design

Sewer Foul water network design

Storm Storm event runoff and network design

Water Pressure reticulation design

Create and edit sheet files which are sophisticated drawing templates
Sheetfile that allowyou to define precisely how your output drawings must look
saving you hours of CAD editing.

Installation and Startup 2-9

The working environment
Civil Designer uses the drawing window to display the plan view of your design data. It also
uses various other windows to display different aspects of your data.
Once you generate plots the system will create layout windows for viewing, editing and
manipulating the output drawings. The layouts will be updated automatically if your design
changes.
The spreadsheet window is used for entering various data items and you use the output
window for viewing listings and the results of calculations that are displayed on the screen.
Output
You may output data to a printer or ASCII file at any time during the calculation routines.
The main output components are three types of drawing.
Layout plans and 3-D views
Road cross sections
Long sections
Any of these items can be accessed from the Plot menu option of the currently active module.
The drawings that may be created are dependent on the contents of the plotting sheet file that
is loaded.
Any of these can be mixed on a sheet. So, on a short township road, you might elect to have
everything on a single drawing such as sections on the left, plan in the upper right corner and
long section in the lower right.
You can customise the actual layout of the information on the drawing takes and save it in a
sheet template.
Cross sections can be oriented and sized and include data in various formats.
Long sections can list edge levels, super elevation diagrams, curve data and just about anything
else that might be required for construction.
Road plans can show chainages, cut and fill banks, cadastral details and topography.
All drawings are transferred to a layout window where they can be modified or enhanced
using the CAD functions before being transferred to a plotter or printer, or stored for
subsequent plotting, or exported to a file in a form suitable for importation to another CAD
program.

2-10 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorials
The program is supplied with four tutorials.
Ideally, you should do all the tutorials consecutively. However, each tutorial is a complete
exercise and the designer in a hurry can do any tutorial in isolation if necessary.
Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics
Teaches you how to create a DTM (digital terrain model).
Tutorial 2 – Terrace Design
Teaches you how to create a terrace and calculate volumes
Tutorial 3 – Road Design
Teaches you how to design a road, calculate volumes and create drawings
Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design
Teaches you how to design a sewer network, calculate volumes and create drawings
Tutorial 5 – Storm Design
Teaches you how to design a stormwater network, calculate volumes and create drawings
Tutorial 6 – Water Design
Teaches you how to design a water distribution network, calculate volumes and create
drawings

Installation and Startup 2-11

Notes:

2-12 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics
This exercise will teach you all the basic functions you need to know in order to create a terrain
model. You will complete the following tasks:
 Start a new project
 Import ASCII data
 Generate a model using the triangulation option
 Generate a model using the Intelli-Line capabilities
 Display a site drawing as a background
 Produce a contour drawing of the site

The intention is that you use our Tutor data whilst working though this tutorial. You will find
the data in the

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\Knowledge Base

Software\Examples\

folder.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-1

Open an existing drawing or create a new one
Civil Designer’s projects are based on the active drawing file and so may contain any drawing
entities as well as references to external files (Xrefs).
In this example we are going to use the File ► Open function to load a cadastral drawing which
will form a backdrop to the rest of the design data. Navigate to the Examples directory as
shown below and open the Tutor Cadastral.dr4 drawing file.

If you do not have an existing drawing to use as a backdrop simply create a new drawing using
the File ► New option.

Create a new project

Switch into Survey mode by clicking the Survey icon on the Applications toolbar or select
the Applications ► Survey menu option. The menu and toolbars will be updated to
contain design functions pertinent to this design mode.
Select the File ► Project Settings option. The following dialog will be displayed:

All the available items will remain grayed-out until a check box next to one of the design
modules is clicked. For the purposes of this tutorial we will be using a Terrain file so click on

3-2 Civil Designer 2014

the check box next to Terrain. The Browse button [...] for Terrain on the right side of the dialog
will now become active.
Click on this button which will then display a standard Windows file open dialog. Navigate to a
suitable sub-folder for storing data, type in the file name Tutor and click on the Open button. If
the file does not yet exist you will be asked if you want to create it.

If a file of that name already exists it would be used without change. In our case we require
any empty file to work with, so either use a file name other than Tutor or navigate to an
alernative sub-folder which does not contain an existing file of that name.
Fill in the rest of the dialog as shown below (note that the path for your Terrain file will most
likely differ from that displayed here):

Click on the OK button.

If a project file of this name already exists you will be asked if you wish to overwrite it. If you
select YES then any settings that exist in that file will be overwritten and you will lose access to
the previous files that the project referred to.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-3

As this is a new project you will be asked to define the database limits. If you happen to know
the approximate site location, type in some coordinates near the centre, otherwise just accept
the entries.
You have just created a new project file into which new data may be imported or typed.

3-4 Civil Designer 2014

Import ASCII data
Now select the File ► Import ► ASCII YXZ function.
You may import data from a fixed column or comma delimited ASCII file. A standard Window
file open dialog is displayed. Navigate to the Examples sub-folder and select the file _Tutor.dat.

The following wizard dialog is presented and the options should be set as illustrated:

An extract of the first 25 lines of the ASCII file is shown from which we must now specify the
sequence of data items. In this case we have the coordinate name, Y, X and Height values. Click
on the Next button.
You must now specify what the data in each column means. Do this by clicking on the column
header to display a popup list of data fields. Select a data filed by clicking on it. In this instance,
the first column is the Name field, the second column the Y coordinate, the third column the X
coordinate and the fourth column the height.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-5

Set the columns up as shown below

Now click on the Finish button to start the import.

If your data does not include a surface flag or indicator you may now specify the destination
surface for the incoming data. In this case we want all the points to be in Surface 1.

The Destination Surface Selection message box is displayed. The left-hand column (Found)
indicates None/0. The right-hand column (Destination) indicates Surface 1, 2 and so on. Select
the Destination as Surface 1 as shown above. Click OK and the data will be imported and the
site redrawn. Save your data using the File ► Save option.

3-6 Civil Designer 2014

Generate a digital terrain model
Civil Designer has very powerful functions to create and edit a digital terrain model from
survey data.
There are two methods to construct the Digital Ground Model (DGM). The first is by means of
triangulation that will connect all the points into a triangular irregular network (TIN). This
method is extremely fast and works very well on uniform sites with no named survey points.
Let’s examine the differences between the two methods.
Switch to Terrain mode by clicking the Terrain icon on the Applications toolbar or select
the Applications ► Terrain option.
Select the Model ► Triangulate option. Set the values as indicated:

Click OK and the site will be triangulated. After the triangulation is completed an Information
dialog box is displayed.

Click OK.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-7

View Options
To view the generated lines select the Setting ► Lines option or click on the Lines button
in the Terrain toolbar. The lines will be displayed.
We can now activate various options that will make the editing of the lines easier and more
intuitive.
In order to understand the site better we can also activate the point name display using
the Settings ► Names option (Name icon).

Let’s zoom in on the top quarter of the site using the View ► Zoom Window menu option or
press the Z and W keys. Define a fairly small area so that we can display some detail as
illustrated below (in this case with only line display switched on):

3-8 Civil Designer 2014

Editing break lines
Contours are derived from the lines that indicate areas of linear interpolation between two
elevations. As you change the lines the contours will be updated.
Switch on the contour display by means of the Settings ► Contours option or the
Contours button in the Terrain toolbar. The display will be updated to show the
contours.
Remove a line using the Model ► Delete Break Line option or click the Delete Breakline
button on the Terrain toolbar. Notice how the contours are updated after the change.
Now add a line using the Model ► Add Break Line option or click the Add Breakline
button on the Terrain toolbar.
Use Esc to terminate these functions.
Zoom and/or pan
Civil Designer has very powerful panning functions. To pan to the current cursor position
simply press P. To zoom in use the M (for Magnify) key and, to zoom out, use the D (for
Demagnify) key.
The importance of break lines
Study the model carefully and note how the lines and contours around the ER points are not
always accurate. This is a characteristic of all DGM models. In order to define a terrain model
correctly it is essential that the break lines or changes in grade be defined correctly.
One alternative is to correct the model by means of manual editing using the add/delete
breakline functions, but on a large site, manual editing can become very tedious.
Intelligent break lines
Civil Designer solves this problem with its Intelli-Lines in the Model ► Intelli-Lines option. First
switch off the point names and heights display (if switched on) and zoom the entire site using
View ► Zoom All (or ZA).

Now select the Model ► Intelli-Lines option with the following settings:

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-9

The New Lines As Feature option specifies that the breaklines we are generating must be s
special type, one that defines specific features, in this case the edge of the road. The added
advantage of feature lines is that we can retain them while using the use the Intelli-Line option
again or deleting the normal breaklines. The lines will be regenerated but will only connect the
points labelled as ER with feature lines as shown in the next illustration:

Note that if you chose to retain the existing lines for these operations, you would be adding
lines on to the existing model.
Tidy up the feature lines by using the various view options and the add/delete
feature line functions. Don’t worry about any other points at this stage.
When you have finished the editing the feature lines, connect the rest of the model with the
following Intelli-Lines settings:

3-10 Civil Designer 2014

You should now have an accurate digital terrain model that will form the basis of the rest of
your design. Note how the road edges remain clearly defined in the illustration below as they
are feature lines:

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-11

Smooth Contours
The quick contours we are looking at now are interpolated as the DTM is redrawn, and as such
are not smoothed. In order to smooth the contours and label the contour height we need to
use the Terrain ► Generate Contours function.

Here we specify that we want ot use Surface 1 to create contours at 1m intervals. Set up the
fields as shown above and click on OK. The contours will be generated and the site re-drawn.

Note that on a large site it can take a while to generate the contours, but once they are
generated they are drawn significantly faster than quick contours.

All that remains is to change the display settings to show the generated contours with contour
labels.
Click on the Display Settings icon or use the Settings ► Display Settings menu option.
The Display Settings window will be shown.

Activate the Contours page and check the Generated option as well as the Smoothed option.
Thereafter set up the contour interval as shown below and click on OK. The drawing will be
updated to show smooth labelled contours as shown below.

3-12 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-13
Create a site plan
Now we may reap the fruits of our labour by producing a site plan that includes a title block
and the data from our design as we see it now.
Select the Plot  Generate menu option. The Plot Setup dialog will be displayed:

Click the File button [...] and the standard Windows file open dialog will be displayed. Navigate
to the SheetFiles folder and select the sheet called Plan.sht.

Click the Next button and the Plan Setup dialog will be displayed:

3-14 Civil Designer 2014

Click on the Add button to define a new plan layout. The drawing will be displayed with the
following prompt:
Plan Plotting: Indicate plot centre (Right-click to end)
A rectangle representing the useable area of the selected sheet file will be attached to the
cursor. Move the cursor until the area you want to plot is enclosed by it and click.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-15

You may choose to rotate the plot by clicking on Yes in the following dialog.

You will be prompted:

Plan Plotting: Indicate rotation
The plot rectangle will now rotate around it’s midpoint. Move the cursor into the position
indicated below and click.

The sheet will be defined and allocated a number as shown below.

3-16 Civil Designer 2014

You may continue to define sheet positions or right-click and Quit from the popup menu.

The Plan Setup window will be displayed again showing the position and rotation of the
defined sheet(s).

Check the Show Grids option if you want to overlay the plan area with survey grids and click on
the Grid Settings button to change the grid settings.

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-17

Make the settings in the dialog as shown above, click OK to return to the Plan Setup window
and then click the Next button. The Plan Lists window will be displayed which allows you to
specify what data should be included as a list on the plan.

In this instance we only have suvey data and visible layer data to list, so we are simply going to
click on the [Finish] button. A new layout will be added to the drawing and the specified sheet
file(s) output onto the layout.

3-18 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 1 - DTM Basics 3-19
Notes:

3-20 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 2 - Terrace Design
This exercise will teach you all the basic functions you need to know in order to create a
terrace. You will complete the following tasks:
 Place a terrace on the ground model
 Calculate the terrace volumes
 Produce a drawing which shows the terrace including cut and fill bank lines
 Merge the terrace and the original ground model

The intention is that you use our Tutor project whilst working though this tutorial. You will
find the project in the C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Documents\Knowledge Base
Software\Examples\ folder.

Tutorial 2 – Terrace Design 4-1

Define a terrace
We can define a terrace by graphically adding the corner points to the terrain database, typing
in the coordinates, or importing an ASCII file which contains just the terrace corner
coordinates.
We will define the position of the terrace by specifying the corner points in Surface 2 and
connecting them with lines to indicate the terrace perimeter.
Firstly, switch to Survey mode by selecting Mode ► Survey Mode or by clicking on the
Survey button in the mode toolbar.

Input the corner points by selecting the Editing ► Enter Point option. Accept the values
displayed in the Constants Details dialog.

Make sure that only Screen output is selected in the Output Manager dialog to output the data
to the screen and click on OK. The Point Entry dialog will now be shown. Enter the coordinates
for the terrace corner points as follows:

Be sure to specify the Surface as Surface 2 – our design surface. Click Add and then define the
all fourteen corner coordinates in the same manner:
TE1 75913.5 21218.8 1562.0
TE2 75911.8 21218.1 1562.0
TE3 75905.5 21220.5 1562.0
TE4 75879.7 21237.4 1562.0
TE5 75812.9 21309.2 1562.0
TE6 75797.3 21335.6 1562.0
TE7 75782.4 21376.6 1562.0
TE8 75783.3 21378.3 1562.0
TE9 75835.6 21397.3 1562.0
TE10 75837.4 21396.5 1562.0
TE11 75852.7 21354.0 1562.0
TE12 75920.0 21281.7 1562.0
TE13 75934.0 21276.4 1562.0
TE14 75934.8 21274.6 1562.0

Click Close to exit this routine. Now turn on the display of points in the design surface –
Surface 2 – by means of the Display Settings, while turning off the ground surface – Surface 1.

4-2 Civil Designer 2014

 Switch on the point name display using the Settings ► Names option or click on the point
name icon.
The 14 points you have just entered will be displayed.

Switch to Terrain mode and connect the corner points by means of break lines by
selecting the Model ► Feature Lines ► Add option.

Tutorial 2 – Terrace Design 4-3

Your site should now look like this (only lines on the terrace surface are being displayed):

Adding terrace banks

Select the Terrain ► Terrace Banks ► Fixed Slopes option.
The Bank Layer Details dialog box will pop up. Specify the ground and terrace layers as shown
in the next figure:

You will now be prompted to indicate the terrace. Click on one of the terrace corners.
The Fixed Slope Details dialog will now be displayed. Enter the following detail:

4-4 Civil Designer 2014

After this the Bank Creation Details dialog will be displayed.

Accept the default settings. The terrace banks will now be calculated and displayed on the
terrain window in Surface 2 of the model.

Tutorial 2 – Terrace Design 4-5

Calculate terrace volumes
Use the Terrain ► Terrace Volume menu option to activate the Bank Surface Details dialog. Set
up as shown below:

Indicate the terrace by clicking on one of the corners. In the Terrace Volume dialog input the
following data:

Civil Designer will calculate the cut and fill quantities and display it on the Output window.
Open the Output window to view the results.

4-6 Civil Designer 2014

Merge the terrace with the original ground
Select the Terrain ► Terrace Merge menu option.

Specify the ground surface as Surface 1 and the terrace surface as Surface 2. You will now be
prompted to indicate the terrace by clicking on one of its corners. You will be asked to confirm
the merge. Click OK.
Civil Designer will delete the ground points below the terrace, transfer the terrace points into
Surface 1 and connect the perimeter of the terrace to the ground model. Refresh the drawing
to update the display and the show the contours to verify that the terrace has been merged
with the ground.
You will need to change the contour option on the Contours tab in Display Settings to Quick
Contours otherwise the contours that were previously generated with Contours from Lines will
be shown. These contours were generated before the terrace was merged with the ground
surface and will therefore not reflect the changes that have been made. Note that you should
re-run Contours from Lines to update the stored contours before attempting to plot them.

Tutorial 2 – Terrace Design 4-7

Notes:

4-8 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 3 - Roads Design
This example will teach you how to complete the following road design tasks:
 Select a road with which to work
 Input the horizontal alignment of a road
 Extract cross-sections from the terrain model
 Input the vertical alignment
 Define a road template
 Calculate the road levels
 Calculate the cross-section areas
 Calculate the volumes
 Create cross-sections
 Create long sections
 Create a site plan
Note that it is assumed that you have worked through Tutorial 1, as this tutorial uses the
ground model that was created in that exercise. Select the File ► Open option from the menu
and open the Tutor drawing that you worked on previously.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-1

Select the working road
Before we start with a road design we should select the particular road with which we wish to
work.
Civil Designer allows up to 250 roads to be associated with any terrain file. If you do not select
a particular road before using the Road functions, Civil Designer will default to using Road 1 if
no other roads have been selected previously or will default to the last used road (be that road
1 or otherwise).
Switch to the Road Mode by selecting Mode ► Road from the menu or by clicking on the
Road icon in the Design Mode toolbar.
Select the File ► Select Road File option from the menu. The following dialog will be displayed:

We will be working with Road 1 in this tutorial. The default description (Road1) is, however,
not suitable so let’s change it. With the highlight on the first road click on the [Edit] button and
the following dialog will be displayed:

Change the default road name as shown above, and also rename the first two layers in the
road as above. During this tutorial we will be storing ground cross-section data to layer 1 (now
named Ground) and road cross-section data to layer 2 (now named Final Road).

5-2 Civil Designer 2014

It is handy to retain the road number as part of the road name as this number is stored as
part of the file name, and this makes it easier to associate on-disk files with particular roads.

Click the [OK] button to return to the previous dialog and click on [OK] again to select Road 1
as the working road. The name of the working road will be displayed in the Design Centre title
bar.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-3

Input the horizontal alignment
The very first step is to define the horizontal alignment by entering the data manually into a
spreadsheet, by ASCII data import, or graphically. In this exercise we will input the alignment
graphically using geometry lines to help us position the HPI’s in the centre of the road reserve.
Select the Alignment ► Horizontal ► Edit alignment option from the menu. The Spreadsheet
window will be displayed so that we can input or edit the horizontal alignment data.
Input the following values:

Now close the spreadsheet window and open the Display Settings to activate the roads
display.

Make the settings shown above and click on OK.

press S (for refreSh) to refresh the drawing window. You will see that your horizontal
alignment is plotted on the ground model.

5-4 Civil Designer 2014

Changing the alignment
You can change the alignment very easily by selecting one of the edit, insert, delete or move
HPI functions on the toolbar on the left of the layout window. The move function also allows
you to move the BC or EC positions which will result in the radius being changed.
If you want the end chainages in the Vertical Alignment and Edge levels spreadsheet to be
updated if the horizontal alignment should change at a later stage, then add a ‘*’ in front of
the end PI name. E.g. “*END” instead of “END”.

Review and coordinate

Once you are happy with the horizontal alignment select the Alignment ► Horizontal ► Review
Alignment menu option.

Click on NO in the message box that ask spreadsheet output and choose screen output in the
next message box. Open the Output window to view the detail of each horizontal curve. If you
cannot see the output window then select Windows ► Toggle Output Window.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-5

Select the Alignment ► Horizontal ► Co-ordinate menu option to display the Co-ordination
Details dialog. Enter the chainage intervals shown in the following illustration and press [OK].

Choose Screen output in the next dialogue. You will be asked if you want to overwrite the
existing road data.

Answer [YES] to this question.

Open the Output window to view the coordinates for each chainage interval plus the
beginning and end points of each curve.

5-6 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-7
Extract cross-sections
The next step in our road design is to extract the cross- sections from the Terrain model at
each chainage along the centreline of the road.
Select the Alignment ► Horizontal ► Cross Sections ► Extract menu option. The Cross Section
Extraction dialog will be displayed. Enter the details as shown below and press [OK].

Civil Designer will extract and save the ground line cross- sections into Layer 1 of the road
design. To view the cross-section offsets and elevations open the Output window.

5-8 Civil Designer 2014

Vertical alignment
We can define the vertical alignment graphically or by entering the chainage and levels into
the Spreadsheet window. We will use the latter method to input the data and the graphical
facilities to view the vertical alignment and make small changes, if required.
Activate the Road menu again and select the Alignment ► Vertical ► Edit Alignment option. The
Vertical Alignment window will be displayed. Select the Spreadsheet tab on the left of the
window.

The start and end chainages of the road will already have been inserted into the spreadsheet
along with levels interpolated from the ground surface. Enter the following data:
Chainage Level Length
0.000 1560.420 0.000
236.000 1559.193 100.000
498.000 1555.074 100.000
666.173 1562.321 0.000
In order to check our data we can display the vertical alignment plus up to 4 ground lines in the
Graphical View of the Road window. Click on the Graphical View tab and re-size the window
until you can see the long section clearly.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-9

 Now click on the Ground Lines icon at the top of the graphical view to display the
Ground Line Details window.

Set the ground line detail as shown above with Line 2 displaying the NGL at a 5.5m offset to
the left of the road centreline (the left road reserve at -5.5m), and Line 3 displaying the NGL at
an offset of 5.5m to the right of the road centreline (the right road reserve).
The Road Window should now look like this. Use the mouse wheel to zoom in around the
cursor position.

5-10 Civil Designer 2014

The red line shows the vertical alignment while the other lines show the ground line at the
centreline (dark green), the ground line at the road reserve 5.5m to the left of the centreline
(blue), and the ground line at the road reserve 5.5m to the right of the centre line (purple).
The information bar at the bottom of the road window will display curve information
dynamically while you move the cursor over the vertical curves. Move around the vertical long
section plot using the panning keys exactly as in the drawing window.
To change a VPI simply click on the edit icon and then the VPI to change. The following
dialog is displayed. Type in suitable values.

Similarly, you may insert, delete, or move vertical points of intersection using the icons from
the toolbar at the top of the Road window. Note how the spreadsheet is continuously
updated.
When you are happy with the grade line simply close the road window. You will be asked to
confirm the saving of the road data.

You may review the vertical alignment data at any time using the Vertical ► Review Alignment
function and may send the vertical alignment information to the Output Window, printer or
file by selecting the relevant Output Manager options.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-11

Now generate the levels along the centreline using the Alignment ► Vertical ► Generate levels
function.

The levels will be displayed in the Output window. Note that all the high and low points on the
alignment are flagged.

5-12 Civil Designer 2014

Now is a good time to save your data. Simply select File ► Save to save the drawing and the
design information. You will be asked to confirm the saving of road design data in the following
window.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-13

Define a road template
Once the vertical alignment has been defined, a road template must be applied along the
alignment in order to calculate the final sections and the earthworks quantities. We can either
load an existing template, or create a new one.
Select the Tools ► Template Editor option from the Road menu. The Road Profile Editor dialog
will be shown. Check the Single Carriageway option and fill in the details as shown:

The carriageway portion and kerb settings of the template will be displayed on the View tab.
These settings will be superseded by the Edge levels specifications. Now we must specify the
compulsory and cut/fill conditions for the new template.

The carriageway settings (crossfalls and widths) will be superceded by the values specified in
the Edge Levels Spreadsheet, where you will be entering superelevation and road widening.

Compulsory items are added to the template on every section, i.e. kerbs, gutters and/or
pavements. Cut and fill conditions will be applied depending on the position of the template
relative to the ground line starting from the last compulsory point.
All additions are specified as horizontal and vertical offsets from the previous point on the
template.
Select the correct tab in the spreadsheet to add the compulsory and cut/fill conditions.
Kerb settings
Kerbs will be aded at the end of the carriageways, directly before the Compulsary details. Press
the [Kerb Settings] button to display the Kerb Settings dialog.

5-14 Civil Designer 2014

Press the [. . .] button on each side to select the kerbs to be used for testing this template. The
Kerb Selector dialog will be displayed.

Press the [Load Group] button and select the

Shared Documents\Examples\Vanstone Kerbs\BarrierKerbs.krb
file.
Kerbs can be arranged into various kerb library files (*.krb), with each file containing a specific
type of kerb. These files are user configurable, and can be altered by means of the [Edit Kerb]
button. For the purpose of this tutorial, we will simply be using the "BK1" kerb.
Double click on the file name listed on the dialog to expand the kerb group, select the "BK1"
kerb and press [Apply]. The selected kerb will be entered into the Kerb Settings window. As
illustrated by the diagram on this dialog, kerbs will be added to the edges of the carriageways.

Press OK to continue.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-15

Compulsory additions
We are now going to add a 1.5m sidewalk to each side of the template as a compulsory
addition. Click on the [LComp] tag at the bottom of the spreadsheet and enter the following
values:

We could re-enter the same data for the right compulsory additions, but it is much easier to
copy the data. Use the mouse to select all the [LComp] cells and copy the data to the clipboard
by right clicking on the selection. The following option list will be displayed:

Select the Copy option. Now click on the [RComp] tag to display the right compulsory values.
Select the same amount of cells and paste the clipboard data by right clicking and selecting the
Paste option.

5-16 Civil Designer 2014

Cut and fill conditions
Click on the [LCut] tag to enter the left cut detail:

Here we can see that there are two cut conditions that will be applied for different depths of
cut.
• The first case is for a cut depth between 0.0 and 1.0 m. Here the cut slope will be
variable from the last compulsory point to the edge of the road reserve at 5m from the
centreline. Should the cut slope exceed 1:3 the toe point will be extended beyond the
road reserve at the 1:3 slope.

• In the second case, where the cut depth is between 1.0 and 999.0 m, a cut slope of 1:1.5
will be used.

You may have up to 100 cut or fill incremental conditions. The cut and fill conditions must
always end off with a Max Ht value of 999.0.

Copy the left cut specification across to the right cut data page, [Rcut], on the spreadsheet as
was done previously.
Click on the [LFill] tag to enter the left fill details as displayed below:

Copy these details to the [RFill] page as before.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-17

Specify a Pavement design
Click on the [LLayers] tag to display the layerwork left details.
Layers will be added to the template and will extend from the PLC code entered in the "Left
PLC" column to the PLC code entered in the "Right PLC" colmn. The thickness of the layer and
description can be entered into the appropriate columns. Civil Designer provides the user with
a Pavement designer which can be used to manage libraries of pavement designs (*.pav files).
We will be using the standard TRH4 pavement designs which are distributed with the program.
Right click on the spreadsheet to display the popup menu.

Select the [Pavement Designer] option from the popup menu. The Pavement Designer will be
displayed.

Click on the [...] button and select the TRH4 Bitumen HM.pav file from the following path:
Shared \Documents\Knowledge Base Software\Examples\Pavements Designs\

5-18 Civil Designer 2014

Now select the "E3 RoadCad A 2" pavement from the "Pavement" drop down list.

Press OK to enter this pavement design into the template Editor dialog.
You can now extend the lower pavement layers further by editing the "left Shift" and "Right
Shift" values as follows:

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-19

Preview
Before we continue, we can test the template to see how the conditions are applied. Click on
the View tab to view the template and then on the [Add Ground] button. Draw a ground line on
the displayed template. You may use the standard keys to zoom in or out.

Click on the [Test] button and the editor will apply the appropriate cut and/or fill conditions so
that you can check whether the template is correct.
Repeat to experiment with various ground lines.
Finally, we must save the template as URBAN.TEM using the [Save As] button. You may now
exit the Template Editor.

5-20 Civil Designer 2014

Template Number
The template we have just created must be added to the road design file along with any others
we choose to use on this project.
Select the Tools ► Template Paths menu option.

Use the […] button in the first row to select the new template file. Enter a template name, say
“Urban” into the Name column.

You must refer to the templates by their template names, rather than the file names, in all
the functions that use road templates.

In this manner up to 100 templates may be added to a design file.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-21

Calculate the road levels
Now that we have defined a road template we must calculate the road edge levels along the
vertical alignment using the template. We can also add super elevation and road width
controls here.
There are two methods of defining the super elevation details. The first is to enter the super
elevation directly into the Spreadsheet window using the Alignment ► Edge Levels ► Edit
Super option, which is suitable for urban streets.

The second bases the control data on the horizontal alignment using the [Slave Super] option
and is more suited to rural roads. As our example is an urban street we will use the former
option.
Select the Alignment ► Edge Levels ► Edit Super menu option. You will be asked to define the
super-elevation development method.

Select the second option as shown above and click OK. The Edge Control spreadsheet page will
be displayed. Enter the super elevation details in the various tabs as illustrated below.
First the crossfall data...

Then the carriageway widths...

5-22 Civil Designer 2014

Then the road profile...

And lastly the kerbs...

You can either type in the kerbs to be used, or you can right click, select "Kerb Selector" and
select a kerb from the Kerb Selector dialog

These Edge Control settings specify that the road has a 2% camber, carriageway widths of
3.1m, uses template "urban" and uses a "BK1" kerb on both sides from the start to the end of
the road. In the Templates tab, all the specified templates will be listed in list boxes on each
template cell.
Close the Edge Control window and save the settings.
Calculate the road edge levels by using the Alignment ► Edge Levels ► Generate Levels menu
option. Note that the destination surface is Final Road (layer 2) as we have already stored the
ground line data in Ground (layer 1).

The depth below the vertical alignment is specified as 0 as we are working on the final road
surface. You can view the results in the Output window.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-23

Once again, now is a good time to save your work.

5-24 Civil Designer 2014

Calculate the cross section areas
Once the ground and final road cross-sections are defined we can apply the template and
calculate the cross-sectional areas.
Select the Area/Volume ► Apply Template option from the Road menu. Input the chainage
range and the base and batter layers as illustrated. Note that you can output the areas directly
into an ASCII file by checking the Spreadsheet output option.

Check the Generate cross sections for template layerworks option. This will cause the program
to generate a cross section layer underneath each layerwork as specified in the template.
These layers can then be used to calculate volumes. In order to specify how and where these
layers should be generated, press the [Solidify Settings] button.

Set up the Solidify Layerworks window as shown above and press [OK]. Press [OK] again on the
Chainage Range dialog.
As the cross-section areas are calculated they will be displayed in the Road window. View the
calculated results in the Output window and save your work.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-25

5-26 Civil Designer 2014
Calculate the volumes
At this point we can calculate cut and fill volumes for our road. Select the Area/Volume ►
Masshaul Volume menu option from the Road menu. Specify the volume calculation details in
the next dialog. Note the topsoil depth, compaction or bulking factor and the batter layer
values:

You can also output the quantities to an ASCII file by checking the Spreadsheet output option.
Press [Calculate] to calculate the volumes. The dialog will be displayed again with new start and
end chainage values but this time, just click on the [Print Results] button to view a summary of
the cut and fill volumes in the Output window.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-27

Note that these quantities will be the volumes between the natural ground and the finished
road surface.
To calculate the quantities between the natural ground and the bottom of the sub-base layer,
select Area/Volume ► Masshaul Volume again, but this time specify the "Batter Layer" to be
"G5 Natural gravel". Continue as described above

Calculating Layerwork volumes

We can calculate the cut and fill volumes for each pavement layer as specified in the road
template.
Select the Area/Volume ► Layerwork Volume menu option.

Press [OK] to calculate the cut and fill volume for each layer.

The following output will be displayed in the Output window.

5-28 Civil Designer 2014

Create a cross-section drawing
Select the Plot ► Generate option from the Road menu to start the Plot Expert. Use the Cross
Section.sht sheet from the Examples\SheetFiles sub-folder and specify a sheet size of A0.

Click on the [Next] button to continue. Specify the plotting details in the Cross Section Setup
dialog as follows:

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-29

You can plot cross-sections consisting of up to 20 lines drawn from the various layers in the
road file. For the purposes of this tutorial we are only interested in the Ground and Final Road
layers.
Click on the [Finish] button and a drawing similar to the following should be generated (You
will be asked for a filename to save to before the drawing is displayed. Just click [Cancel] to
ignore the option):

The drawing is generated into its own layout window so you can now pan around, magnify,
demagnify and use the drawing functions to add any embellishments you wish. A zoomed in
view looks like this:

5-30 Civil Designer 2014

Create a long section drawing
Typically you would generate the long section from the cross-section data. Once again select
the Plot ► Generate menu option from the Road Menu. This time use the Single Carriageway
Longsection.SHT sheet from the Shared Documents\Knowledge Base Software\SheetFiles
folder.

Select a sheet size of A0:

Click on the [Next] button to continue and then set the chainage range and other plotting
details as shown below:

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-31

You can plot long sections consisting of up to 20 lines drawn from the various layers in the
road file. You can also specify what data (Chainage, Offset or Elevation) should be extracted
from each cross-section.
In our case we are plotting the ground line from the Ground layer on the stake line (the line
labelled CL Peg above), the left and right edges of the road from Final Design surface (lines 2
and 4 labelled Left Edge and Right Edge respectively), and the centreline from Final Design
surface (the line labelled CL Final). In each case we are extracting the elevation from the cross-
section.
Point Location Codes
Where the left and right edges of the road are concerned, we have chosen to define the
position in the cross-section by Point Location Code (PLC) rather than by a physical offset from
the centreline. This allows us to cope with roads that have had carriageway widening applied
without having to worry about the exact measurement of the offset at any particular chainage.
You may display a list of available PLC’s by double-clicking on the Offset field
after you have set the related PLC fields to Yes.

A PLC of 1 or with the code ShldrBP (negative for left of centreline and positive for right) will
always extract the first point away from the centreline on the specified side regardless of what
the offset might be. Conversely, a PLC of 99 or with a code Toe Point (using the same
convention for left and right of centreline) will always extract the last point in a cross-section
(the toe line).

5-32 Civil Designer 2014

The convention for the use of PLC’s is that codes from 1 to 50 are counted out from the
centreline (which has a PLC of 0), and codes from 51 to 99 are first subtracted from 100 and
then counted in from the last point in the section. In all cases a negative PLC is left of the
centreline and a positive PLC is right of the centreline.

In the case of dual carriageway roads three extra PLC codes are available. These are the codes
100 (ShldrBP - which represents the shoulder break point on the left or right carriageway), 101
(MedBP - which represents the median break point on the relevant carriageway) and 102
(which represents the centre of the carriageways). These codes can also be used on a single
carriageway road but only the 100 code will actually operate.
Click on the [Next] button and the long section data will be displayed.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-33

Click on the [Finish] button and a layout similar to the following will be generated and added to
the drawing.

5-34 Civil Designer 2014

Create a site plan
As the last step in this tutorial we will create a site plan that includes the road and terrace
detail. Because Civil Designer uses a WYSIWIG (What You See Is What You Get) model for plan
plotting, we need to set up the Design Center display to show exactly what we want to see in
the site plan.
Click on the Display Dialog icon or select Settings ► Display Settings to open the Display
Settings window.
In the Roads section check the Display road plan option, make sure that Yes is displayed in the
Vis. column next to Road 1 (if it isn’t then simply right-click on the cell to toggle its value) and
make the Current road settings as shown:

We also need to set up the display itself so click on the Plan Layout tab and make the following
settings:

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-35

Before clicking on [OK] to update the display switch to the Terrain tab and make sure that the
Draft Text option is not checked. Also select to display contours in order to make our site plan
more visually exciting.
Select the Plot ► Generate menu option and specify Plan.SHT as the sheet file and an A0 sheet
size:

Click on the [Next] button and specify the scale for the plot and the options as shown:

Click on the [Add] button. The drawing will be displayed and you will be asked to indicate the
center of the plot with the prompt:
Plan Plotting: Indicate plot centre (Right-click to end)
A rectangle the size of the plotting area will be displayed attached to the cursor.

5-36 Civil Designer 2014

Movethe cursor with the attached rectangle to cover the area of interest and left click to place
it. You will then be asked if you wish to rotate the plot. Click on [No]. You will continue to be
prompted to define additional sheets. Simply right-click and select the Quit option from the
popup menu.

Tutorial 3 – Road Design 5-37

The previous dialog will be shown with a new entry that you have created.

Accept it by clicking on the [Next] button and accept the settings on the Plan Lists page. Click
on [Finish] to create a plan layout similar to that shown below.

5-38 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 4 - Sewer Design
In order to familiarize yourself with the Sewer module of Civil Designer it is advisable to
complete the following tutorial that will teach you how to import manhole data from an ASCII
file and build up the data set in preparation for analysis. Thereafter you will generate contract
drawings. You will be shown how to:
• add a sewer data file to the project or create a new sewer data file
• import coordinate data containing node names, Y and X coordinates from an ASCII file
• generate a manhole layout plan from the coordinate data
• connect the nodes by means of links
• edit and set the link parameters
• edit the link tables
• input inflow data
• change the display settings
• run the analysis and view the results
• generate and view long sections
• calculate quantities according to SABS 1200
• set erf connection defaults and types
• graphically add erf connections
• run the erf connection analysis and view the results
• change the erf connection display settings
• view the erf connections on the graphical vertical alignment
• generate a layout drawing with manhole names and a link schedule

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-1

Create a new data file
The first step is to create a new data file into which the manhole data will be imported. This
file is added to the project file.
Load the Tutor drawing using File ► Open.
Change to Sewer mode using the icon or the Applications ► Sewer menu option.

Add the sewer file to the project using File ► Project Settings. Check the Sewer option and
specify the name of the sewer file by clicking on the [...] button on the right as shown below.

The standard Windows File Open dialog will be displayed. Select the folder where the file must
be and specify the file name as TUTOR.SE7. If the file does not exist it will be created.

Close the Project window.

Input Data
Data may be input in a number of ways:-
• use the Edit ► Node Data menu option
• import an ASCII list of node coordinates
• import an ASCII file which includes the next node name and link types and sizes
• load an existing layout drawing and classify it
• convert drawing entities from an existing layout drawing.
In this example, you will import the manhole data from an ASCII file containing the manhole
name, the next manhole name, Y coordinate and X coordinate for each manhole. The data
items may be separated commas, spaces or tabs.

6-2 Civil Designer 2014

Import coordinate data from an ASCII file
Select the File ► Import ► ASCII File menu option. The Import ASCII Data dialog will be
displayed.

Click on the [...] button just to the right of the top edit control and select the ASCII file
SEWER.YXZ from the TUTOR sub-folder.

The first lines of the import file will now be displayed on the dialog.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-3

Select the Comma delimited option under the File Type section and click on the [Next] button.
The following view will be displayed.

Click on the first column heading to display a list of available data types for each column of
data as shown below.

6-4 Civil Designer 2014

Set the first column to Node Name, the second to Next Node, the third to Y Coordinate and the
last column to X Coordinate. Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the
columns:

Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data file. The drawing will
be updated to display the imported sewer network.

If you import data into an existing data file, the program will search the existing data for
matching node names, and if it finds an existing record, it will update the fields in the record
with the imported data.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-5

Display the nodes and links
Civil Designer has many graphical functions to simplify the definition of nodes and links in the
network. Obviously, these functions can only be used if your data includes coordinates for the
nodes.
Activate the display of the newly imported data by clicking on the Display Settings icon
or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.
The Display Settings will be displayed. This window allows you to specify how the data must be
displayed (and plotted). Set up the Sewer page as shown below:

Now click on the Nodes sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Node settings allow you to
define the pen, symbol size and line type for the node, the text pen and text size in points for
the node annotations as well as which annotations must be displayed.
In the Node text box, simply right click and select the {NAME} option from the displayed list.
You can also add a pre- or post-script to this text.

6-6 Civil Designer 2014

Now click on the Links sub-item and the following will be displayed:

The Link settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm and line type of the link
display as well as the text pen and size in points. Adjust the settings to conform to the pictures
above and click on the [OK] button.
The drawing will be updated to display the sewer nodes and links according to the settings we
have just made.

Position your cursor near a node and zoom in using the mouse wheel. The node name is
displayed next to a circle representing the manhole.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-7

Display additional link data
You are going to change the display settings to show the link type and length at the midpoint
between nodes. You may use the Settings ► Display Settings ► Sewer Links page option to
specify the text items to be displayed above and below the link in the Text above link and Text
below link edit controls.

To define the text to be placed above the link, right-click

on the Text above link edit box.
A list of available annotation items will be displayed.
Select the {TYPE} option.

In a similar manner, add the following text to the Text below link edit control by selecting the
{LENGTH} option and adding ‘m’. The link annotations should now be set as shown below:

Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated as follows:

If you want to add a box behind the link annotation, simply click on the Box option in the Link
display settings.
You can vary the distance the link annotation is displayed from the link line by changing the
Offset distance from link setting.

6-8 Civil Designer 2014

Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model
You will now extract node cover levels from the digital terrain model. Select the Graphical
► Cover Levels option. The following dialog is displayed.

Here you specify from which terrain surface the cover levels must be interpolated. You may
select any one of the 128 surfaces that contains valid data. The Intermediate and Hard
Material settings are only used for quantity calculations and the graphical long sections. Click
on the [OK] button.
Civil Designer will interpolate the cover level from the specified surface and replace the
current value.
To check the results, let us update the display settings to show the cover level next to each
node. Select the Settings ► Display Settings option. Position the cursor in the Node text box
and right click to access the list of available items. Select the {COVER} option. Enter CL = to the
left of the new text option.

Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated to display the node names as well as the
cover level at the node with the ‘CL=’ prefix.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-9

6-10 Civil Designer 2014
Set node and link parameters
At this stage you have node data and connections but have not yet specified link types and
sizes. The node and link parameters have been set to the values and settings as set in the
Defaults that can be edited using Edit ► Default Settings option. The easiest way to change
these parameters is to select all the links graphically and then to set the link parameters.
Alternatively, you may set up each link using the Edit ► Node Data option.
We will specify the link types, minimum cover and bedding class for the links. You may also
specify the diameter or allow Civil Designer to calculate the appropriate size.
Select the Graphical ► Mark ► All option to select the entire network. The selected links are
displayed in the highlighting colour.
Now select the Tools ► Set Parameters option. This will display the Set Parameters dialog. Set
the following values:

These settings will set all links to be a ‘Vitro Clay’ pipe on a ‘Class B’ bedding with a minimum
cover of 1.2 m. At the same time the nodes will be set to have the inverts of the pipes
common. Click on the [OK] button to apply the parameters. Notice that the link type text has
been updated to ‘Vitro Clay’.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-11

You may also change the link data of a selected branch only. To do this first select a branch by
using the Graphical ► Mark ► Upstream option. This function will select a specific branch and
all the incoming or upstream branches connected to it. Thereafter follow the steps above with
your required settings.
You may change a single link by using the Graphical ► Edit Data option. Click on the node or
link you want to edit to display the Data dialog with the data for the selected node or link.

6-12 Civil Designer 2014

Edit the Link Tables
We require that 150mm diameter is the minimum pipe size in the network. Therefore, we
need to go to the Link Table to view the possible sizes of the Vitro Clay link type that was
selected previously. Select the Edit ► Link Table option to display the Link Table window and
select Vito Clay from the Link Table Selector drop-down list.

Now click on the Sizes tab. A list of available sizes for the Vitro Clay link type will be displayed.

The smallest link size in the table is 100mm diameter, which we need to deactivate. Enter a
zero in the On column to deactivate the specific size. The sizing will then start with the next
active record.
Click on the [Close] button.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-13

Input inflow data
The inflow data must now be input for each node. The Sewer program makes provision for
Unit Flow, Harmon or Inflow Hydrograph inflows. This example uses Unit Flows so we must set
the inflow method in the Design Defaults.

Up to 5 unit flow classes may be input at a node. These classes are defined in the Edit ► Unit
Flow Parameters menu option.

We first need to change the order of the records in the Node Edit dialog with Settings ► Index
Order. Select Node as the active index and click on the [OK] button.

Input the inflow data using the Edit ► Node Data menu option or graphically using
Graphical ► Edit Data. Click on the Inflow tab to display the inflow data page.

6-14 Civil Designer 2014

Select the required inflow class from the drop-down list and specify the number of units that
contribute to this node.

Input the following Unit Flow inflows:

Node Name Number of Inflow Class
Units
001 2 Low Income
007 2 High Income
008 1 Middle Income
009 1 Middle Income
010 2 Middle Income
011 4 Middle Income
013 4 Middle Income
014 3 Middle Income
016 1 Middle Income
017 2 Middle Income
018 2 Middle Income
020 4 Middle Income
033 5 High Income
034 7 High Income
035 8 High Income
051 3 Low Income
052 2 Middle Income
053 4 Middle Income
054 7 Middle Income
071 6 Middle Income

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-15

Node Name Number of Inflow Class
Units
072 5 Middle Income
073 4 Middle Income
075 5 Middle Income
076 5 Middle Income
077 1 Middle Income
078 5 Middle Income
081 8 Middle Income
082 3 Middle Income
083 2 Middle Income
091 6 Middle Income
101 5 Middle Income
111 4 Middle Income
121 3 Middle Income
201 5 Middle Income
202 2 Middle Income
203 3 Middle Income
204 6 Middle Income
205 6 Middle Income
206 5 Middle Income
207 5 Middle Income
208 5 Middle Income
209 3 Middle Income
210 5 Middle Income
211 3 Middle Income
212 4 Middle Income
221 2 Middle Income
222 2 Middle Income
223 3 Middle Income
231 2 Middle Income
232 2 Middle Income
301 3 Middle Income
303 3 Middle Income
304 5 Middle Income
305 3 Middle Income
306 4 Middle Income
307 1 Middle Income
308 1 Middle Income

6-16 Civil Designer 2014

Node Name Number of Inflow Class
Units
309 3 Middle Income
311 2 Middle Income
312 4 Middle Income
313 3 Middle Income
315 3 Middle Income
316 1 Middle Income
321 5 Middle Income
322 3 Middle Income
331 5 Middle Income
Outfall 2 Low Income

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-17

Analyze the network
At this stage you may analyze the network. During the analysis you will be informed by means
of a progress dialog.
Select the Analysis ► Network menu option. The Analysis Wizard will be displayed.

The Level Tolerance option determines the accuracy that will be applied in calculating the
incoming and outgoing link levels in each node. Sometimes when you are evaluating an
existing network with the links at fixed slopes, the rounding off of the slopes will result in an
incoming pipe that is, say 2mm, lower than the outgoing link which has been given a fixed inlet
level.
Normally Civil Designer will display an error message and then adjust the inlet level of the
outgoing link to be lower than the incoming link. This setting prevents the level adjustment if
the difference is within the tolerance.
The Proportional Flow Depth determines the maximum flow depth that will be allowed in the
links. Usually a value of 80% is used.
The Peak Factor is used in conjunction with the attenuation curve to calculate the attenuation
at every node in the network.
The Infiltration defines the extra inflow due to stormwater infiltration as either a percentage
or a fixed inflow value per km sewer pipe.
Click on the Next button. The following page is displayed. You may return to the previous page
by clicking on the Back button.

6-18 Civil Designer 2014

This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes by clicking the All
option or just the selected nodes by clicking the Selected option. This allows you to select only
a branch using Graphical ► Mark ► Upstream and then analyze just that portion of the network.
If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must select the Renumber
branches and links option. The Recalculate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the
length of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.
Set up the page as shown above and click on Finish.
The Print Manager dialog will be displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log
that will be generated during the analysis. In this instance, direct the log to the Output Window
by checking the Screen output option.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-19

After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be displayed. Each window
displays certain aspects of the results such as flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the
hydraulic gradient.

6-20 Civil Designer 2014

Display link sizes and slopes
You may now update the display settings to show the calculated link sizes and slopes.
Select Settings ► Display Settings and set up the sewer page as shown below. Take particular
note of the Text above link and Text below link settings.

Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH} and {RATIOSLOPE} by right-clicking as previously and insert the
‘mm’ and ‘m @ 1 :’ text manually. Then click on [OK] to update the display.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-21

Calculate Quantities
Quantities are calculated according to the parameters specified in the Bedding Class and Depth
Increment dialogs. These parameters can be changed from the Edit menu.
The quantity analysis is done on the selected links so that you may calculate the quantities of
the entire network or just the selected links. Use the Graphical ► Mark ► All option to select all
the links in the network.
Now select the Analysis ► Quantities option.
After the analysis the quantities will be displayed in a series of windows. Each window contains
the results of a particular quantity calculation.

6-22 Civil Designer 2014

Erf Connection Defaults
Select the Erf Connections ► Erf Connection Defaults option. The Erf Connections Defaults
dialog will be displayed.

Set the values as shown above. The settings are for erf connections that connect onto a mid-
block sewer for the erven adjacent to the sewer servitude. The connections will be inside the
erf 1m from the erf boundary and the main sewer is positioned inside the adjacent erven 2m
from the erf boundary. Click [OK] to accept the settings.
Select the Erf Connections ► Erf Connection Types menu option. The Erf Connection Types
dialog will be displayed.

Set the depth increment envelopes as shown above. If the difference between the invert level
of the main sewer line (ILS) and the invert level of the erf connection (ILC) is less than 0.15m,
the connection is not possible. The type of connection will depend on the height difference
envelopes that have been specified.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-23

Add Erf Connections
We will enter the erf connections for sewer node 205 and 204, which is situated in the bottom
right corner of the site. Switch the site contours on in the display settings to see the slopes on
the erven. We will first enter the erf connections that are situated on the northern side of the
sewer line, therefore the erven without the servitude.

Select the Graphical ► Add Erf Connection option to enter the erf connections.

The program will prompt:

Add Erf Connection: Indicate position on correct side of sewer link
(Esc to end): Height = 1556.791
Indicate the position of the new erf connection. You may use any of the snap modes to do so.
As the cursor is moved, the project elevations are interpolated from the selected soft material
DTM surface and displayed in the prompt. Once you have clicked with the mouse or pressed
Enter the program will prompt:
Add Erf Connection: Input New Erf Name

6-24 Civil Designer 2014

Type in a new erf connection name, e.g. erf1 and click on . If the Calculate Minimum Ground
Level on Erf option is selected in the Erf Connection Defaults dialog the program will prompt:
Minimum Ground Level: Indicate erf for minimum ground level calculation
Click in the middle of the polygon that indicates the erf for which you are adding the erf
connection. The program will trace the drawing lines that form the erf boundary around the
selected erf and then search for the lowest point inside the erf. The minimum ground level will
be extracted from the soft material DTM surface and the erf connection data dialog will open.

The drawing elements forming the erf boundary must be a closed polygon for this function to
work.

The following data will have been calculated and entered by the program from the erf
connection defaults, sewer network and the DTM:
• Node Name
• Erf Connection Y Coordinate
• Erf Connection X Coordinate
• Erf Length
• Distance of Sewer from Erf Boundary
• Sewer Position
• Ground Level at Erf Connection (GLC)
• Minimum Cover on Erf Connection
• Minimum Cover on House Connection
• Erf Connection Slope as Percentage or Ratio
• Erf Connection Diameter
• Link Length
• Link Slope
• Node Invert Level
• Distance from Node
• Link Y Coordinate
• Link X Coordinate

Activate the display of the newly created erf connection by clicking on the Display Settings icon
or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-25

The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. Select the Show erf connection layout option and
click on the Erf Connections sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Erf Connections settings
allow you to define the pen, line width and line type for the erf connection, the text pen, text
size in points and text placement settings for the erf connection annotations as well as which
annotations must be displayed.
The dialog will display the following:

The Minimum Ground Level on Erf check box specifies that the symbol indicating the lowest
point on the erf will be drawn together with the height level.
After closing the display settings the erf connection will be drawn.

The program will continue to prompt:

6-26 Civil Designer 2014

 Add Erf Connection: Indicate position on correct side of sewer link
(Esc to end): Height = 1556.345
Continue to add the other five erven on the northern side of the sewer line. Press [ESC] to
terminate the function.

Now change the erf connection default settings to enter the erf connections where the
sewer line falls inside the erven.
Set the Sewer Position as Inside Erf. Set the Distance of Connection from Sewer Line value to
2.3m, but remember this will now be the distance from the sewer line that the erf connection
is situated.

Then add the erf connections on the southern side of the sewer link in the same manner as
above.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-27

6-28 Civil Designer 2014
Analyze Erf Connections
Erf Connections are calculated according to the parameters specified in the Erf Connection
Data and Erf Connection types dialogs. These parameters can be changed from the Edit menu.
Select the Erf Connections ► Analyze Erf Connections option.

After the analysis the erf connection results will be displayed.

We can see that we have a problem since in the Type of Connection column only 4 erven are
Type 1 and the rest are Not Possible. This means that only 5 erven can drain to the main sewer
line, the rest are too deep to connect to the main sewer line.
We therefore need to lower the main sewer line. We can do this by specifying a larger
minimum cover value for these specific nodes.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-29

Select the Graphical ► Edit Data option and click on Node 205 to open the Node data dialog for
this Node. Change the minimum cover to 1.7m. Do the same for Node 204 and 203.
Now you need to analyze your sewer network again to incorporate the above changes. Then
also analyze the erf connections to see what the influence is on the erf connections.

All the erf connections now can drain successfully to the main sewer line. We can view the erf
connections on our graphical longitudinal section.
Select the Tools ► Vertical Alignment option and select the Display Settings option.

Check the Show Crossing Pipes option. The Crossing Pipes dialog will open.

6-30 Civil Designer 2014

Select the Erf Connections option in the Available Services section and click on the [Select>]
button. Erf Connections will be added to the Plot Crossings For: section. Click [OK] to accept
the settings and return to the Vertical Alignment window.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-31

Printing input data and results
At this stage, you may want to produce a hard copy of the design. This is done with the Print
Control Panel that will output selected data items to a printer or an ASCII file.
Select the File ► Print option.
The Print Control Panel will be displayed. Select the data items that you want and the output
device as shown below.

Click on the [OK] button to start printing.

6-32 Civil Designer 2014

Creating the final layout plan
Now that the design is complete it is time to update the original cadastral drawing with the
sewer layout along with a coordinate list and a link schedule.
Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Wizard dialog box appears.

Use the same sheet file we have used in the earlier tutorials, namely Shared Documents
\Knowledge Base Software\SheetFiles\Plan.sht. Click on [Next].

Tick the Sewer List option as shown and click on the [Finish] button to generate a new layout
with a plan of your sewer network.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-33

Plotting Sewer Longsections
Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Setup window will be displayed.

Select the Sewer Longsection sheet and set the sheet size to A0. Click on [Next].

Specify the Horizontal and Vertical scales, what must be plotted, where the levels must be
labeled as well as whether the program must scroll to next page or not. Click on the [Next]
button.

6-34 Civil Designer 2014

You have the option to Edit Long Section Data if required. If selected, the Long Section Editor
will be displayed and you will be able to edit any data item.
Once the data is to your liking, Click the [Finish] button and a sewer longsection layout will be
added to your drawing.

Tutorial 4 – Sewer Design 6-35

Notes:

6-36 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 5 – Illudas Model
In order to familiarize yourself with Civil Designer it is advisable to complete the following
tutorial that will teach you how to import manhole data from an ASCII file and build up the
data set in preparation for analysis. Thereafter you will generate contract drawings. You will be
shown how to:
• add a STORM data file to the project or create a new STORM data file
• import coordinate data containing node names, Y and X coordinates from an ASCII file
• generate a manhole layout plan from the coordinate data
• connect the nodes by means of links
• edit and set the link parameters
• input runoff data
• add graphical sub-catchments
• link sub-catchments to manholes
• change the display settings
• run the analysis and view the results
• generate and view long sections
• calculate quantities according to SABS 1200
• generate a layout drawing with manhole names and a link schedule

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-1

Create a new data file
The first step is to create a new data file into which the storm data will be imported. This file is
added to the project file.
Load the Tutor drawing using File ► Open.
Change to Storm mode using the icon or the Applications ► Storm menu option.

Add the storm file to the project using File ► Project Settings. Check the Storm option and
specify the name of the storm file by clicking on the [...] button on the right as shown below.

The standard Windows File Open dialog will be displayed. Select the folder where the file must
be and specify the file name as TUTOR.ST7. If the file does not exist it will be created.

Close the Project window.

Input Storm data

Data may be input in a number of ways:-
• use the Edit ► Node Data menu option
• import an ASCII list of node coordinates
• import an ASCII file which includes the next node name and link types and sizes
• load an existing layout drawing and classify it
• convert drawing entities from an existing layout drawing.
In this example you will import the manhole data from an ASCII file containing the manhole
name, the next manhole name, Y coordinate and X coordinate for each manhole. The data
items may be separated commas, spaces or tabs.

7-2 Civil Designer 2014

Import coordinate data from an ASCII file
Select the File ► Import ► ASCII File menu option. The Import ASCII Data dialog will be
displayed.

Click on the [...] (Browse) button just below the top edit control and select the ASCII file
STORM.YXZ from the TUTOR sub-folder. The first lines of the import file will now be displayed
on the dialog.

Select the Comma delimited option under the File Type section and click on the [Next] button.
The following view will be displayed.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-3

Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for each column of data as
shown below.

Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the columns:

7-4 Civil Designer 2014

Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data file.

If you import data into an existing data file the program will search the existing data for
matching node names, and if it finds an existing record, it will update the fields in the record
with the imported data.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-5

Display the nodes and links
Civil Designer has many graphical functions to simplify the definition of nodes and links in the
network. Obviously these functions can only be used if your data includes coordinates for the
nodes.
Activate the display of the newly imported data by clicking on the Display Settings icon
or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.
The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. This dialog allows you to specify how the data
must be displayed (and plotted). Set up the Storm page as shown below:

The Show storm layout check box specifies that the Design Centre must display the storm node
and link data during redraws.
The Show storm sub-catchments check box specifies that the Design Centre must display the
storm subcatchment layout during redraws.
The Annotation Font dropdown box allows you to select the font that will be used to label the
nodes and links.
Now click on the Nodes sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Node settings allow you to
define the pen, symbol size and line type for the node, the text pen and text size in points for
the node annotations as well as which annotations must be displayed.

7-6 Civil Designer 2014

The dialog will display the following:

In the Node text box simply right click to display a list of available options and select the
{NAME} option. To identify these nodes as stormwater manholes add the SW prescript to the
name as shown above
Now click on the Links sub-item and the following will be displayed:

The Link settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm and line type of the link
display as well as the text pen and size in points. Adjust the settings to conform to the pictures
above and click on the [OK] button.
The Design Centre display will be updated to display the storm nodes and links.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-7

7-8 Civil Designer 2014
Display additional link data
You are going to change the display settings to show the link type and length at the midpoint
between nodes. You may use the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Link page option to
specify the text items to be displayed above and below the link in the Text above link and Text
below link edit controls.
To define the text to be placed above the link,
position the cursor in the edit control and click
on the right mouse button. A list of available
items will be displayed. Select the {TYPE}
option.

The edit control will be updated to display the

{TYPE} data.

In a similar manner add the following text to

the Text below link edit control by selecting
the {LENGTH}.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-9

 Now add “m” to display {LENGTH}m.

Click on the [OK] button. The display will be updated as follows:

If you want to add a box behind the link annotation simply click on the Box option in the Link
Annotation settings.

7-10 Civil Designer 2014

You can vary the distance the link annotation is displayed from the link line by changing the
Offset distance from link setting.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-11

Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model
You will now extract node cover levels from the digital terrain model. Select the Graphical
► Cover Levels option.

Here you specify from which terrain surface the cover levels must be interpolated. You may
select any one of the 128 surfaces that contains valid data. The Intermediate and Hard
Material settings are only used for quantity calculations and the graphical long sections. Click
on the [OK] button. Civil Designer will interpolate the cover level from the specified surface.

To check the results, let us update the display settings to show the cover level next to each
node. Select the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Node option. Position the cursor in the
Node text box and right click to access the list of available items. Select the {COVER} option.

Enter “CL = “ to the left of the new text option and click on the [OK] button.

7-12 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-13
Set node and link parameters
At this stage you have node data and connections but have not yet specified link types and
sizes. The easiest way to do this is to select all the links graphically and then to set the link
parameters.
Alternatively you may set up each link using the Graphical ► Edit Data option. Click on the node
or link you want to edit to display the Node Data dialog with the data for the selected node
and link.
We will specify the link types, minimum cover and bedding class for the links. You may also
specify the diameter or allow Civil Designer to calculate the appropriate size. Select the
Graphical ► Mark ► All option to select the entire network. The selected links are displayed in
the colour specified in the Display Settings.
Now select the Tools ► Set Parameters option. This will display the Set Parameters dialog. Set
the following values:

These settings will set all links to be a ‘100D Concrete’ pipe on a ‘Class B’ bedding with a
minimum cover of 1.4 m. At the same time the nodes will be set to have the soffits of the pipes
common. Click on the [OK] button to change the parameters and the display will be updated to
show the link type as ‘100D Concrete’.

You may also change the link data of a selected branch only. To do this first select a branch by
using the Graphical ► Select ► Upstream option. This function will select a specific branch and
all the incoming or upstream branches connected to it. Thereafter follow the steps above with
your required settings.

7-14 Civil Designer 2014

Input runoff data
The runoff data must now be input for each catchment area. The STORM program makes
provision for the Illudas Time Area method, the Rational method, the Wallingford method or
the SWMM method. This example uses the Illudas method.
Activate the Node Data dialog using the Edit ► Node Data menu option or graphically
using Graphical ► Edit Data. Click on a stormwater node to display the Node Data
window and then click on the Runoff tab to display the catchment data page.

Now click on the [Add] button to add a sub-catchment for the selected node. A sub-catchment
record will be added with a sub-catchment name derived from the node name.

Input the following catchment data for every node:

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-15

Node Area Area Paved Paved Supp Grassed Grassed Soil
% Entry Depr Area Entry Depr Type
Time Store % Time Store
1 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
10 0.200 80 9 1 0 20 5 B
11 0.200 15 5 1 25 25 5 B
12 0.600 25 7 1 35 19 5 B
13 0.200 55 5 1 15 18 5 B
14 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
15 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
16 0.100 70 8 1 20 20 5 B
17 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
18 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
19 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
2 0.100 25 5 1 35 8 5 B/C
20 0.150 35 8 1 40 12 5 B
21 0.100 55 10 0 0 0 0 B
22 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
23 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
24 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
25 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
26 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
27 0.200 40 8 1 40 12 4 B
28 0.200 42 9 1 40 20 5 B
29 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
3 0.200 40 5 1 40 12 5 B
30 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
31 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
32 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
34 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
35 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
37 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
38 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
4 0.100 75 4 1 0 11 5 B
40 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
41 0.100 50 8 1 40 12 5 B
42 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
43 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
44 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
45 0.200 40 8 1 40 12 5 B
46 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
47 0.100 50 8 1 30 15 5 B
48 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D

7-16 Civil Designer 2014

Node Area Area Paved Paved Supp Grassed Grassed Soil
% Entry Depr Area Entry Depr Type
Time Store % Time Store
49 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
5 0.200 80 9 1 0 20 5 B
50 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
51 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
52 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
53 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
54 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
55 0.150 45 9 1 35 12 5 B
56 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
57 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
58 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
59 0.300 40 12 1 30 20 5 B
6 0.200 60 7 1 15 18 5 B
60 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
61 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
62 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
63 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
64 0.150 50 7 1 40 12 5 B
66 0.240 50 12 1 40 21 5 B
67 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
68 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
69 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
7 0.200 80 8 1 0 15 5 B/C
70 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
71 0.100 40 8 1 40 12 4 B
72 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
73 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
74 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
75 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
76 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
77 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
78 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
79 0.100 55 10 1 18 12 4 C/D
8 0.300 15 9 1 35 25 5 B/C
9 0.300 15 5 1 35 25 5 B

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-17

Add Sub-catchment Areas
We are going to add sub-catchment areas graphically to Node 5, 10 and 7 in the top left corner
of the site. First we need to set the display settings for the sub-catchments.
Click on the Display Settings icon or select the Settings ► Display Settings option. The
Display Settings dialog will be displayed. Select the Show storm sub-catchments check
box and then click on the Sub-catchments sub-item on the left of the dialog.

Set up the sub-catchment display parameters as shown above and also switch the display of
site contours on in the Terrain ► Contours section of the display settings to see the slopes on
the erven. (Use Alt + 0178 to get the ² sign as postfix for the Area option.)
We will define the sub-catchments by graphically adding polygons defining the runoff areas
and giving it an identifying name. We will first add a subcatchment for node 5.
Select the Graphical ► Add Subcatchment menu option or click on the icon on the
toolbar. The program will prompt:
Add Subcatchment: Input new subcatchment name
A default name will be displayed. Type in a name of “SC_5” so that you will know that this sub-
catchment is associated with node 5 and click on the  button.
Subcatchment perimeter: Indicate start point
The CAD snap modes can be used while drawing the perimeter. Click on a position in the
Design Centre window and the following prompt is displayed:
Subcatchment Perimeter: Indicate next point (Click near start to end)
Continue indicating perimeter points and end by right-clicking and selecting the Close
Subcatchment option from the popup meu.

7-18 Civil Designer 2014

The program will now prompt:
Select the node that subcatchment SC_5 must drain to
Indicate node 5 as the entry point for the runoff from subcatchment SC_5. You will be asked to
confirm

The program will now prompt:

Define the paved drainage path in the upstream direction (Right click
to end)
The cursor will rubber band from node 5. Indicate points on the paved area runoff path until
you are satisfied and right-click to select the Start grassed path option.

You will be asked to confirm that you have finished defining the paved drainage path.

Click Yes to proceed to the grassed drainage path, or No to redefine the paved drainage path.
If you select Yes the following information about the paved drainage path will be displayed.
This information is used to define the paved entry time.

The program will now prompt:

Define the grassed drainage path in the upstream direction (Right click
to end)
Indicate the grassed area drainage path and right-click to display the popup menu when you
are satisfied.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-19

If you opt to end the definition of the grassed drainage path the following confirmation
window will be displayed.

Click on Yes to accept the defined path or No to redefine it. If you accept the drainage path the
following information will be displayed. Specify a Manning factor for the grassed area drainage
path and click [OK].

The data will be used to calculate the grassed area entry time and the subcatchment data
window will be displayed. Input the Paved Area percentage, the Paved Depression Storage, the
Supplementary Area percentage, the Grassed Depression Storage and specify the Soil Type
from the drop-down list.

Click on [Close] to complete the process.

The subcatchment will be drawn according to the subcatchment display settings.

7-20 Civil Designer 2014

The program will continue to prompt:
Add subcatchment: Input new subcatchment name
Now enter the sub-catchments for Node 10 and 7 in the same manner. Press [ESC] to
terminate the function. The display should now look similar to the picture below.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-21

Analyze the network
At this stage you may analyze the network. During the analysis you will be informed by means
of a progress dialog.
Select the Analysis ► Network menu option. The Analysis Wizard will be displayed.

Select the storm file to apply to the catchment area by clicking on the […] button to the right
of the Storm File Name edit box.
Specify the AMC (antecedent moisture condition) by clicking on one of the option buttons.
Lastly specify the routing to be used by selecting Continuity or Time Shift from the Routing
Method dropdown list.
Click on the [Next] button. The following page is displayed. You may return to this page by
clicking on the [Back] button.

7-22 Civil Designer 2014

This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes by clicking the All
option or just the selected nodes by clicking the Selected option. This allows you to select only
a branch using Graphical ► Mark ► Upstream and then analyze just that portion of the network.
If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must select the Renumber
branches and links option. The Recalculate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the
length of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.
Set up the page as shown above and click on [Finish].
The Output Manager will be displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log
that will be generated during the analysis. In this instance direct the log to the Output Window
by checking the Screen output option.
After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be displayed. Each window
displays certain aspects of the results such as flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the
hydraulic gradient.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-23

Display link sizes and slopes
You may now update the display settings to show the calculated link sizes and slopes.
Click on the Display Settings icon or select the Settings ► Display Settings option. Set up
the Links page as shown below. Take particular note of the Text above link and Text
below link settings.

Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {LENGTH} and {RATIOSLOPE} by right-clicking as previously and insert
“mm” and “m @ 1:” manually.

Then Click on the [OK] button to update the display.

7-24 Civil Designer 2014

Calculate Quantities
Quantities are calculated according to the parameters specified in the Bedding Class and Depth
Increment dialogs. These parameters can be changed from the Edit menu.
Select the Analysis ► Quantities menu option.
STORM will calculate the quantities of all the selected links. After the analysis the quantities
will be displayed in a series of windows. Each window contains the results of a particular
quantity calculation.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-25

Printing input data and results
At this stage you may want to produce a hard copy of the design. Select the File ► Print
Stormwater Data option.

The Print Settings dialog box will be displayed. Select the data items that you want and the
output device as shown below.

Click on the [OK] button to start printing.

7-26 Civil Designer 2014

Creating the final layout plan
Now that the design is complete it is time to update the original cadastral drawing with the
storm layout along with a coordinate list and a link schedule.
Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Wizard dialog box appears.

Select the
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents\Knowledge Base
Software\Examples\SheetFiles\Plan.sht
sheet file.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-27

Click on the [Next] button. The Plot Setup window will be displayed.

If the spreadsheet is empty, click on the [Add] button and follow the steps outlined. If you
already have a plot defined, possibly from the Sewer tutorial, simply click on the [Next] button.
Add a plot sheet
Click at the centre of the drawing. You can now position the paper. Leave a space on the right
hand side of the drawing for the title block. Click again to indicate the desired position. Select
[No] to keep the same rotation. Right click on any unwanted plots to change the plot column to
[No].

Add a Key Plan

The [Key Plan] option can now be selected if you have multiple sheets for your plan drawing
and you would like to plot a key plan. Select scale and rotation of key plan as normal.

7-28 Civil Designer 2014

Specifying Plan Lists
You now have the option to specify which lists to include on the plan. In this instance we want
to include the Storm network pipe schedule so tick the Storm List option.

You may also choose to change the position of the pipe schedule by changing the Start-X and
Start-Y coordinates, but it is equally easy to simply select the schedule in the layout and drag
the list to a suitable position. Click on [Finish] to generate the plan drawing as an additional
layout.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-29

Plotting long sections
The stormwater long section plot requires you to select the desired pipes for plotting. Use the
Graphical ► Mark options to do so. Once you have selected at least one pipe select the Plot ►
Generate function.

The Plot Setup window will be displayed:

Select the Storm Longsection sheet and set the sheet size to A1.

Click on the [Next] button to display the Plot Setup window where you can set the long section
parameters.

7-30 Civil Designer 2014

Specify the Horizontal and Vertical scales, what must be plotted, where the levels must be
labelled as well as whether the program must scroll to next page or not.
Click on the [Next] button. The long section data will be extracted from the design file and
displayed in the Long Section Editor table.

Tutorial 5 – Storm Design 7-31

You have the option to edit the long section data if required. Once the data is to your liking,
click the [Finish] button. The long section(s) will be added to the drawing as separate layouts.

7-32 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design
In order to familiarize yourself with Civil Designer SWMM it is advisable to complete the
following tutorial that will teach you how to import manhole data from an ASCII file and build
up the data set in preparation for analysis. Thereafter you will generate contract drawings. You
will be shown how to:
 add a STORM data file to the project or create a new STORM data file
 import coordinate data containing node names, Y and X coordinates from an ASCII file
 generate a manhole layout plan from the coordinate data
 connect the nodes by means of links
 edit and set the link parameters
 input runoff data
 add graphical subcatchments
 link subcatchments to manholes
 change the display settings
 run the analysis and view the results
 generate and view long sections
 calculate quantities according to SABS 1200
 generate a layout drawing with manhole names and a link schedule

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-1

Create a new data file
The first step is to create a new data file into which the manhole data will be imported. This
file is added to the project file.
Open the SWMMTutor project using File ► Open Project.
Add the storm file to the project using File ► Edit Project. Check the Storm option and specify
the name of the stormwater file by clicking on the [Browse] button on the right as shown
below.

The standard Windows File Open dialog will be displayed. Select the folder where the file must
be and specify the file name as SWMMTutor.stw.

8-2 Civil Designer 2014

If the file does not exist it will be created if you click on the [Yes] button in the following dialog.

Close the Project dialog and change into Storm mode with Mode ► Storm Mode.
Data may be input in a number of ways:-
 use the Edit ► Node Data menu option
 import an ASCII list of node coordinates
 import an ASCII file which includes the next node name and link types and sizes
 load an existing layout drawing and classify it
 convert drawing entities from an existing layout drawing.
In this example you will import the manhole data from an ASCII file containing the manhole
name, the next manhole name, Y coordinate and X coordinate for each manhole. The data
items may be separated commas, spaces or tabs.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-3

Import coordinate data from an ASCII file
Select the File ► Import menu option. The Import ASCII Data dialog will be displayed.

Click on the [Browse] button just below the top edit control and select the comma delimited
file SWMMLayout.txt from the Examples\SWMMTutor sub-folder. The first lines of the import
file will now be displayed on the dialog.

Select the Comma delimited option under the File Type section and click on the [Next] button.
The following view will be displayed.

8-4 Civil Designer 2014

Click on the column heading to display a list of available data types for each column of data as
shown below.

Your settings should look like this when you have allocated all the columns:

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-5

Click on the [Finish] button to import the file into the newly created data file.

If you import data into an existing data file the program will search the existing data for
matching node names, and if it finds an existing record, it will update the fields in the record
with the imported data.

8-6 Civil Designer 2014

Display the nodes and links
Civil Designer has many graphical functions to simplify the definition of nodes and links in the
network. Obviously these functions can only be used if your data includes coordinates for the
nodes.
Activate the display of the newly imported data by clicking on the Display Settings icon or
select the Settings ► Display Settings option.
The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. This dialog allows you to specify how the data
must be displayed (and plotted). Set up the Storm page as shown below:

The Show storm layout check box specifies that the Design Centre must display the storm node
and link data during redraws.
The Show storm subcatchments check box specifies that the Design Centre must display the
storm subcatchment layout during redraws.
The Annotation Font dropdown box allows you to select the font that will be used to label the
nodes and links.
Now click on the Nodes sub-item on the left of the dialog. The Node settings allow you to
define the pen, symbol size and line type for the node, the text pen and text size in points for
the node annotations as well as which annotations must be displayed.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-7

The dialog will display the following:

In the Node text box simply right click to display a list of available options and select the
{NAME} option. To identify these nodes as stormwater manholes add the SW prescript to the
name as shown above.
Now click on the Links sub-item and the following will be displayed:

The Link settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm and line type of the link
display as well as the text pen and size in points. The Overflow Links settings allow you to
define the pen, line thickness in mm and line type of the overflow link display. Adjust the
settings to conform to the pictures above and click on the [OK] button.

8-8 Civil Designer 2014

Now click on the Subcatchments sub-item and the following will be displayed:

The Subcatchments settings allow you to define the pen, line thickness in mm, line type, fill
style and link display of the subcatchment display as well as the text pen and size in points.
Adjust the settings to conform to the pictures above and click on the [OK] button.
The Design Centre display will be updated to display the storm nodes and links.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-9

Position your cursor near a node and zoom in using the [Z] key to display the zoom menu or
the [M] key to magnify. The node name is displayed next to a circle representing the manhole.

8-10 Civil Designer 2014

Extracting node cover levels from the terrain model
You will now extract node cover levels from the digital terrain model. Select the Graphical
► Cover Levels option.

Here you specify from which terrain surface the cover levels must be interpolated. You may
select any one of the 128 surfaces that contains valid data. The Intermediate and Hard
Material settings are only used for quantity calculations and the graphical long sections. Click
on the [OK] button. Civil Designer will interpolate the cover level from the specified surface.
To check the results, let us update the display settings to show the cover level next to each
node. Select the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Node option and add the
‘CL={COVER}m’ option to the node annotation. Click on the [OK] button. The display will be
updated to display the node names as well as the cover level at the node with the ‘CL=’
subscript.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-11

Initial levels and link sizes
The SWMM computational engine does not calculate invert levels or link sizes. In Civil Designer
SWMM there are three options for initializing these values:
 Run an initial analysis using one of the other runoff calculation methods available in Storm.
Initial Invert levels and link sizes will be calculated using the calculated runoff.
 Run an initial analysis using one of the other runoff analysis methods available in Storm
without specifying runoff. Initial invert levels will be calculated. Need to enter fixed sizes
for the links before the analysis.
 Manually calculate and enter fixed invert levels for the nodes and fix sizes for the links.
We are going to use the Illudas runoff calculation method to calculate invert levels and initial
link sizes for our network. Then we will enter all the required information for our SWMM
analysis. After evaluating the results from the SWMM analysis the initial values can be
adjusted if necessary.

Set node and link parameters

At this stage you have node data and connections but have not yet specified link types and
sizes. The easiest way to do this is to select all the links graphically and then to set the link
parameters.
Alternatively you may set up each link using the Edit ► Node Data option.
We will specify the link types, minimum cover and bedding class for the links. You may also
specify the diameter or allow Civil Designer to calculate the appropriate size.
Select the Graphical ► Select ► All option to select the entire network. The selected links are
displayed as a dotted line.
Now select the Graphical ► Set Parameters option. This will display the Set Parameters dialog.
Set the following values:

8-12 Civil Designer 2014

These settings will set all links to be a ‘100D Concrete’ pipe on a ‘Class B’ bedding with a
minimum cover of 1.4 m. At the same time the nodes will be set to have the soffits of the pipes
common. Click on the [OK] button to change the parameters.
You may also change the link data of a selected branch only. To do this first select a branch by
using the Graphical ► Select ► Upstream option. This function will select a specific branch and
all the incoming or upstream branches connected to it. Thereafter follow the steps above with
your required settings.
You may change a single link by using the Graphical ► Edit Node and Link data option. Click on
the node or link you want to edit to display the Node Data dialog with the data for the selected
node and link.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-13

Input runoff data
The runoff data must now be input for each catchment area. We will graphically add
subcatchments for the Illudas Time Area method.
We are going to add subcatchments graphically to Node 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the top of the site.
First we need to set the display settings for the subcatchments. Click on the Display Settings
icon or select the Settings ► Display Settings option.
The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. Select the Show storm subcatchments check box
and then click on the Subcatchments sub-item on the left of the dialog. Adjust the settings to
conform to the picture below. Use Alt + 0178 to get the ² sign as postfix for the Area option.

Also switch the site contours on in the Terrain ► Contours section of the display settings to see
the slopes on the site. We will define the subcatchments by graphically adding polygons
defining the runoff areas and giving it an identifying name. We will also indicate the paved and
grassed drainage paths for the Illudas method. For the other runoff methods these paths will
be combined to form the longest drainage path. The path length and a weighted average slope
will be calculated from these paths.
Switch the SUBCATCHMENTS and the DRAINAGE_PATHS cad layers as visible in the IDE Layers
section in the display settings and then click on [OK].

8-14 Civil Designer 2014

The display should now look similar to the picture below.

Five subcatchments have been defined in the light green polygons. The paved drainage path is
defined by the light brown line running north from the nodes and the grassed drainage path is
defined as the dashed green line.
We will first add a subcatchment for node 1. Click on the Add Subcatchment icon or select the
Graphical ► Add Subcatchment menu option.

The program will prompt:

Subcatchment Perimeter: Indicate start point
The CAD snap modes can be used while drawing the perimeter. Click on the perimeter of the
polygon named S1 in the Design Centre window and the following prompt is displayed:
Subcatchment Perimeter: Indicate next point (Click near start to end)

Continue indicating perimeter points and end by clicking on or near the starting point again.
The program will prompt:
Add Subcatchment: Input New Subcatchment Name

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-15

Enter S1 as the subcatchment name. The subcatchment will be drawn according to the
subcatchment display settings.

The program will prompt:

Select the node that subcatchment S1 must drain to
Click on node 1. A Confirmation dialog will open requesting that you confirm that you want
subcatchment S1 to drain to node 1. If you click on No the previous prompt will be displayed
again requesting you to select a node. Click on the [Yes] button. The program will prompt:
Define the paved drainage path in the upstream direction (Right click to
end)
Two drainage paths need to be defined for the Illudas runoff calculation method. The first for
the paved runoff area and the second for the grassed runoff area. (We have provided example
drainage paths for each area. The brown solid line is the paved drainage path and the dashed
green line indicates the grassed drainage path.) There will be a line attached to the cursor
running from node 1. Draw the paved drainage path from the node in an upstream direction to
the end of the solid brown line. Right click. A confirmation dialog will open asking if you are
satisfied with the drainage path. Click on Yes if satisfied with the path else click on No and
redefine the path. Click on the [Yes] button. The program will prompt:
Define the grassed drainage path in the upstream direction (Right click to
end)
Start the grassed drainage path at the end of the paved drainage path. Draw the grassed
drainage path from there in an upstream direction to the end of the dashed green line. Right
click. A confirmation dialog will open asking if you are satisfied with the drainage path. Click on
Yes if satisfied with the path else click on No and redefine the path. Click on the [Yes] button.
The paved drainage path will be drawn in a solid line and the grassed drainage path in a
dashed line as displayed in the picture below.

8-16 Civil Designer 2014

The Paved Area Entry Time Calculator dialog will open with the Length and Slope entered as
calculated from the defined paved drainage path.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-17

Click on [OK] and the Grassed Area Entry Time Calculator will open with the Length and Slope
entered as calculated from the defined grassed drainage path. Enter the Manning Factor and
adjust the Length and Slope if required.

Click on [OK]. The Runoff page for node 1 will open with Subcatchment S1 selected and the
Paved and Grassed Entry Time updated. Enter the other runoff parameters as below.

8-18 Civil Designer 2014

The program will continue to prompt:
Subcatchment Perimeter: Indicate start point
Now enter the subcatchments for Node 2 to 5 in the same manner. Press [ESC] to terminate
the function. Use the table below for the other runoff parameters:
Node Area Paved Depr Supp Grasse Grasse Soil
% Entry Store Area d Entry Depr Type
Time % Time Store
1 60 5 1 23 31 4 B
2 50 4 1 16 38 4 B
3 45 4 1 18 51 5 B
4 30 3 1 20 38 5 B
5 35 3 1 15 24 5 B

Press [ESC] to terminate the function. The display should now look similar to the picture
below.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-19

Analyze the network
At this stage you may analyze the network for the Illudas method. During the analysis you will
be informed by means of a progress dialog.
Select the Analysis ► Network menu option. The Analysis Wizard will be displayed.

Select the storm file to apply to the catchment area by clicking on the […] button to the right of
the Storm File Name edit box.
Specify the AMC (antecedent moisture condition) by clicking on one of the buttons.
Lastly specify the routing to be used by selecting Continuity or Time Shift from the Routing
Method dropdown list.
Click on the [Next] button. The following page is displayed. You may return to this page by
clicking on the [Back] button.

8-20 Civil Designer 2014

This page allows you to specify whether you want to analyze all the nodes by clicking the All
option or just the selected nodes by clicking the Selected option. This allows you to select only
a branch using Graphical ► Select ► Upstream and then analyze just that portion of the
network.
If this is the first time you are analyzing the entire network you must select the Renumber
branches and links option. The Recalculate link lengths from coordinates option calculates the
length of each link from the coordinates of the upstream and downstream node coordinates.
Set up the page as shown above and click on [Finish].

The Print Manager dialog will be displayed. This allows you to specify the destination of the log
that will be generated during the analysis.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-21

In this instance direct the log to the Output Window by checking the Screen output option.
After the completion of the analysis the results windows will be displayed. Each window
displays certain aspects of the results such as flows, overflows, levels and slopes, and the
hydraulic gradient.

8-22 Civil Designer 2014

Display invert levels and link sizes
You may now update the display settings to show the calculated invert levels and link sizes.
Select the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Node option and add the ‘IL={INVERT}m’
option to the node annotation.
Select the Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Links option and add the ‘{SIZE}mm’ option
to the Text above link annotation.
Switch the SUBCATCHMENTS and the DRAINAGE_PATHS cad layers as not visible in the IDE
Layers section in the display settings.
Then click on [OK] to update the display.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-23

Set SWMM Simulation Options
The Simulation Options dialog is used to set various options that control how a SWMM
simulation is made. Select the SWMM ► Simulation Options option. The General page of the
Simulation Options dialog box will be displayed.

Currently only cubic metre per second is available as flow unit and therefore the Flow Units
option is inactive. Select Horton as the Infiltration Model and Dynamic Wave as the Routing
Method. Click on the Dates page.

8-24 Civil Designer 2014

The Dates page will be displayed. Set up the page as shown below.

Click on the Time Steps page. The Time Steps page will be displayed. Set up the page as shown
below.

Click on the Dynamic Wave page.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-25

The Dynamic Wave page will be displayed. Set up the page as shown below.

We will not be using Interface Files in this example and will therefore not make changes to the
Files page. Click on [OK].

8-26 Civil Designer 2014

Climatology Settings
The Climatology Editor is used to enter values for various climate-related variables required by
certain SWMM simulations. Select the SWMM ► Climatology Settings option. The Temperature
page of the SWMM Climatology Editor dialog box will be displayed. The temperature, wind
speed, snowmelt and areal depletion pages are used when simulating snowfall and snowmelt.
We will not be simulating snowfall and will only edit the Evaporation page. Evaporation can
occur for standing water on subcatchment surfaces, for subsurface water in groundwater
aquifers, and for water held in storage units. Select the Evaporation page. Set up the page as
shown below.

Click on [OK].

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-27

Add a Rain Gauge
Rain Gauges supply precipitation data for one or more subcatchment areas in a study region.
The rainfall data can be either a user-defined time series or come from an external file. We will
supply a rainfall file in the standard user-defined format.
An excerpt from the Coast550180-1min.dat Rainfall file is as follows:
STA01 2006 6 21 01 00 29.60
STA01 2006 6 21 01 01 32.60
STA01 2006 6 21 01 02 36.30
For the standard user- prepared format, the rainfall format (e.g., intensity or volume),
recording time interval, and depth units must also be supplied as rain gauge properties. Select
the SWMM ► Hydrology ► Edit Rain Gauges option. The Rain Gauge Editor dialog box will be
displayed.

Click on the [Add] button to add a new rain gage. Change the rain gage name from RainGage1
to Coast550 in the Rain Gage Name box. Enter an optional description as “180 minute
duration, 1 minute time step” in the description box.

8-28 Civil Designer 2014

Change the Data Source option to FILE. Select the rainfall file to apply to the rain gage by
clicking on the [Browse…] button to the right of the Data File Name edit box.
Enter the other rain gage parameters as below.

Click on the [OK] button.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-29

Set SWMM Defaults
At this stage you have node and link data and subcatchment data for the network in the Illudas
format. We want to specify some default values that will be used when converting to the
SWMM format.
Select the SWMM ► Default Settings option. The SWMM Defaults dialog box will be displayed.
There are three sub pages, Subcatchments, Infiltration and Node/Link.
Enter the subcatchment defaults as below:

The Runoff Area, Width and Slope will be copied to the SWMM subcatchments from the Illudas
subcatchments and the rest of the values will be set to the above defaults.
Select the Infiltration page. Infiltration is the process of rainfall penetrating the ground surface
into the unsaturated soil zone of pervious subcatchments areas. SWMM offers three choices
for modeling infiltration: Horton’s Equation, Green-Ampt Method and Curve Number. We will
be using Horton’s equation and will therefore only enter defaults for the Horton section.

8-30 Civil Designer 2014

Enter the infiltration defaults as below:

The Node/Link defaults are not required as the levels and link sizes have been calculated with
the Illudas analysis. We can however set the defaults as below for adding new nodes and links
graphically.

Click on [OK].

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-31

Change to SWMM Inflow Calculation Method
Select the Edit ► Design Parameters option. The Design Parameters dialog box will be
displayed. Change the Inflow Calculation Method from Illudas to SWMM.

The other options on this dialog will now be inactive as they do not apply to the SWMM
method. The version of the SWMM computational engine used for the SWMM analysis will be
displayed in the bottom left corner of the dialog. The Storm network details will now be
converted to the SWMM format and the Node data dialogs will now display the SWMM
parameters. The calculated results from the Illudas analysis together with the default settings
will be used to create the SWMM network. Click on the [OK] button.

8-32 Civil Designer 2014

SWMM Node Data
The SWMM node data dialog allows you to input or edit node, link and runoff or inflow data. It
also includes a page which displays the results relating to the node.
Select the Graphical ► Edit Node and Link data option. The program will prompt:
Query: Indicate node or link to query
Click on Node 1. The node data dialog box will be displayed.

Nodes are points of a conveyance system that connect conveyance links together. There are
several different categories of nodes that can be employed: Junctions, Outfalls, Flow Dividers
and Storage Units.
When converting from another runoff method all the node types will be set as Junction, except
for the outfall nodes that will be set as Outfall and the reservoirs that will be set as Storage.
The Cover Level and Invert Level are as calculated previously and the Max Depth is the depth
from the invert to the cover.
Click on the SWMM Link tab. The SWMM Link page will be displayed.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-33

Links are the conveyance components of a drainage system and always lie between a pair of
nodes. Types of links include: Conduits, Pumps and Flow Regulators. Flow Regulators are
structures or devices used to control and divert flows within a conveyance system. They are
typically used to:
 control releases from storage facilities
 prevent unacceptable surcharging
 divert flow to treatment facilities and interceptors.
SWMM can model the following types of flow regulators:
 Orifices
 Weirs
 Outlets
When converting from another runoff method all the link types will be set as Conduit, except
for the pump links that will be set as Pump. A default link name will be provided as ‘L followed
by the upstream node name’. This can be edited. The link Shape will be mapped as:
Pipe → CIRCULAR
Box or Portal Culvert → RECT_CLOSED
Open Drain → TRAPEZOIDAL
No Mutual Type → CIRCULAR
The Bedding, Length and Link Roughness are as previously and the Outlet Offset is the
difference between the link outlet level and the next link inlet level.

8-34 Civil Designer 2014

Click on the […] button next to the Link Shape. The SWMM Link Shape Editor will be displayed.

The Max Depth is set as the size that was calculated by the Illudas runoff analysis. Click on
[OK].
Click on the SWMM Runoff tab. The SWMM Runoff page will be displayed.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-35

Click on the […] button next to the Subcatchment name. The Subcatchment Editor dialog will
be displayed. The Runoff area, width and slope will be according to the graphically entered
subcatchment. The Rain Gage name and other subcatchment parameters are according to the
subcatchment defaults. Update the SWMM subcatchment values as below and click on [OK].

In the SWMM Runoff page click on the […] next to the Infiltration method. The Infiltration
Editor dialog will be displayed for the Horton Infiltration method. The values will be as
specified in the infiltration defaults. Click on [OK].

8-36 Civil Designer 2014

We only need to update the SWMM subcatchment page for the other nodes. The necessary
Node and Link data have all been entered from the Illudas runoff analysis.
Click on the [►] to the right of the Show button.
Click on the […] button to edit the subcatchment for Node 2.
Do the same for the other nodes with subcatchments. Use the table below for the other
subcatchment parameters:

Node Impervious Pervious Subarea Percen

t
Area Roughnes Dep Roughnes Dep Route
s s d
Routing
% (N) Stor (N) Store %
e
1 60 0.012 1 0.200 4 PERVIOU 23
S
2 50 0.012 1 0.200 4 PERVIOU 16
S
3 45 0.012 1 0.200 5 PERVIOU 18
S
4 30 0.012 1 0.200 5 PERVIOU 20
S
5 35 0.012 1 0.200 5 PERVIOU 15
S

Click the [Close] button to close the Node Data dialogs.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-37

Analyze the network with SWMM
Now you may analyze the network for the SWMM method. Select the Analysis ► Network
menu option. The SWMM Analysis Options page will be displayed.

The SWMM analysis does not allow you to analyze only a section of the network.
The branches and links have already been numbered by the Illudas analysis. We can therefore
select the Keep existing subnetworks option. Click [Yes] on the confirmation dialog. The branch
and link numbering is not used in the SWMM analysis, but is required for some of the other
Storm functionality such as viewing long sections.
We can also deselect the Recalculate link lengths from coordinates option, since the link
lengths have already been calculated.
Set up the page as shown above and click on [Finish]. The SWMM analysis will start
immediately after the SWMM Analysis Options page. The SWMM Analysis Progress Window is
displayed.

8-38 Civil Designer 2014

The Print Manager dialog will be displayed when the analysis has completed. This allows you to
specify the destination of the Status Report that will be generated during the analysis. To
direct the Status Report to the Output Window check the Screen output option.

After the completion of the analysis the Status report is displayed in the Output Window.

For more information on the status report see the “Viewing a Status Report” topic.
Results Windows as well as a results browser will be displayed. Each window displays certain
aspects of the results such as subcatchments, flows, runoff, overflow and the hydraulic
gradient. The results browser allows you to select a specific time to view the results for.

These windows or views are discussed in more detail in the “View Result Tables” topic.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-39

View SWMM Results Graphs
Select the SWMM ► View Results ► Graphs option. The SWMM Results Graphs dialog will be
displayed.
Select the Object type from the top dropdown list and then the Name of the object to view
from the bottom dropdown list. Select the variable to view from the Variables dropdown list.
The graph for the selected object for the selected variable from the SWMM analysis results will
be displayed. The graphs are plotted against a time x-axis in minutes as shown below.

Click on the Array tab to view all the arrays for the selected object.

8-40 Civil Designer 2014

Click on [Close].

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-41

Simulating Water Quality
In the next section of this tutorial we will add water quality analysis to our project. SWMM has
the ability to analyze the buildup, washoff, transport and treatment of any number of water
quality constituents.

Add Pollutants
We will define two runoff pollutants; total suspended solids (TSS), measured as mg/L, and total
Lead, measured in ug/L. In addition, we will specify that the concentration of Lead in runoff is a
fixed fraction (0.25) of the TSS concentration.
Select the SWMM ► Quality ► Pollutants option. The Pollutant Editor dialog will be displayed.
Click on the [Add New] button. Change the Pol_1 name in the table to TSS and set the Units to
MG/L.
Click again on the [Add New] button. Change the Pol_2 name to Lead in the table and set the
Units to UG/L. Also enter TSS as the Co-Pollutant name and set the Co-Fraction to 0.25.

8-42 Civil Designer 2014

Add Land Uses
In SWMM, pollutants associated with runoff are generated by specific land uses assigned to
subcatchments. In our example, we will define two categories of land uses: Residential and
Undeveloped.
We will define buildup and washoff functions for TSS in each of our land use categories.
Functions for Lead are not needed since its runoff concentration was defined to be a fixed
fraction of the TSS concentration. Normally, defining these functions requires site-specific
calibration.
In this example we will assume that suspended solids in Residential areas builds up at a
constant rate of 0.8kg per hectare per day until a limit of 40kg per hectare is reached.
For the Undeveloped area we will assume that buildup is only half as much. For the washoff
function, we will assume a constant event mean concentration of 100 mg/L for Residential
land and 50 mg/L for Undeveloped land. When runoff occurs, these concentrations will be
maintained until the available buildup is exhausted.
Select the SWMM ► Quality ► Land Uses option. The Land Use Editor dialog will be displayed.
Click on the [Add New] button. Change the Landuse_1 name in the Name box to Residential.
Click on the Buildup page and update the values as below.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-43

Change to the Washoff page and update the values as below.

Now we will add the Undeveloped land use category. Click on the [Add New] button. Change
the Landuse_2 name in the Name box to Undeveloped. Click on the Buildup page and update
the values as below.

8-44 Civil Designer 2014

Change to the Washoff page and update the values as below.

The final step in our water quality example is to assign a mixture of land uses to each
subcatchment area. Select Edit ► Node Data and use the arrows to scroll to Inlet Node 1. Click
on the SWMM Runoff tab to go to the SWMM Runoff page. Click on the […] button next to the
Subcatchment name to open the SWMM Subcatchment page.
Click on the […] button next to the Land Uses item at the bottom of the page in the Pollutant
Buildup section. The Land Use Assignment page will be displayed with our defined land uses
listed. Enter 85 for the % of Area residential and 15 for the % of Area Undeveloped.

Click on [OK].
Repeat these steps for the other subcatchments and enter the values from the table below.
Node Subcatchment Residential Undeveloped
% of Area % of Area
1 S1 85 15
2 S2 80 20
3 S3 65 35
4 S4 40 60
5 S5 75 25

Before we simulate the runoff quantities of TSS and Lead from our study area, an initial
buildup of TSS should be defined so it can be washed off during our single rainfall event. We
can either specify the number of antecedent dry days prior to the simulation or directly specify
the initial buildup mass on each subcatchment. We will specify the number of antecedent dry
days prior to the simulation. Select the SWMM ► Simulation Options option. The Simulation

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-45

Options dialog will be displayed. Click on the Dates tab. Enter 5 into the Antecedent Dry Days
field.

Click on [OK].

8-46 Civil Designer 2014

SWMM Analysis with Water Quality
Now you may analyze the network again for the SWMM method. Select the Analysis ►
Network menu option. The SWMM Analysis Options page will be displayed.

Set the options as displayed above. The Print Manager dialog will be displayed when the
analysis has completed. Check the Screen output option to direct the Status Report to the
Output Window.

After the completion of the analysis the Status report is displayed in the Output Window. Two
new sections have been added for Runoff Quantity Continuity and Runoff Quality Continuity.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-47

From the Runoff Quality Continuity table we see that there was an initial buildup of 26.495kg
of TSS on the study area and an additional 0.481 kg of buildup added during the dry periods of
the simulation. 26.543 kg were washed off during the rainfall event. The quantity of Lead
washed off is 0.007 kg. This is calculated as a fixed percentage (25% times 0.001 to convert
from mg to ug) of the TSS as was specified.
New columns have been added to the Results Windows for the pollutants in the
Subcatchments, Flow and Runoff sections.

New graphs have also been added to the SWMM Result Graphs for each of the pollutants.
Select the SWMM ► View Results ► Graphs option. The SWMM Results Graphs dialog will be
displayed.
There is a graph for each of the pollutants for every Link, Node and Subcatchment.

8-48 Civil Designer 2014

Display link sizes and slopes
You may now update the display settings to show the calculated link flow and velocities.
Select Settings ► Display Settings ► Storm ► Links and set up the page as shown below. Take
particular note of the Text above link and Text below link settings.

Insert {SIZE}, {TYPE}, {FLOW} and {VELOCITY} by right-clicking as previously and insert “mm”,
“m³/s @” and “m/s” manually. Then click on [OK] to update the display. Use Alt + 0179 to get
the ³ (cubed sign).

The hydraulic results displayed on the plan layout are for the specific time step in each link
when maximum flow occurred in that link.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-49

Viewing Quick Long Sections
A quick long section of the links can be viewed with the Graphical ► Vertical Alignment option.
This option allows the designer to view a quick vertical alignment of the branches and links of
the network. The Longitudinal Section window will be displayed. The different branches can be
viewed by changing the branch number. Click on [Close].

The results displayed on the vertical alignment are for the specific time step in each link when
maximum flow occurred in that link.

8-50 Civil Designer 2014

Calculate Quantities
Quantities are calculated according to the parameters specified in the Bedding Class and Depth
Increment dialogs. These parameters can be changed from the Edit menu.
Select the Analysis ► Quantities option. The print manager dialog box is displayed.

Select an option from the print manager dialog box and click on the [OK] button.
STORM will calculate the quantities of all the selected links. After the analysis the quantities
will be displayed in a series of windows. Each window contains the results of a particular
quantity calculation.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-51

Printing input data and results
At this stage you may want to produce a hard copy of the design. Select the File ► Print option.
The Print Settings dialog box will be displayed. Select the data items that you want and the
output device as shown below. Also select the specific time step for which the SWMM Results
must be printed.

Click on [OK] to start printing.

8-52 Civil Designer 2014

Creating the final layout plan
Now that the design is complete it is time to update the original cadastral drawing with the
storm layout along with a coordinate list and a link schedule.
Select Plot ► Generate. The Plot Wizard dialog box appears.

6. Select the “C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Shared Documents

\Knowledge Base Software\Examples\SheetFiles\Plan.sht” sheet file.
Click on [Next].

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-53

You now have the option to edit the sheet file. Click on the [Sheet File Editor] button.
Click on [Next]. The Plan Plotting Setup dialog box will appear.

8-54 Civil Designer 2014

If the spreadsheet is empty click on the [Add New] button.
Click at the center of the drawing. You can now position the paper. Leave a space on the right
hand side of the drawing for the title block.
Click again to indicate the desired position. Select [No] to keep the same rotation.
Right click on any unwanted plots to change the plot column to [No].
The [Key Plan] option can now be selected if you have multiple sheets for your plan drawing
and you would like to plot a key plan. Select scale and rotation of key plan as normal.
Click on [Finish] to generate the plan drawings.
Input a file name to save the drawings.

If you are plotting more than one plan drawing Civil Designer will save them sequentially i.e.
“Filename1”, ”Filename2” ect.

To toggle between drawings and the Design Centre – choose the desired visible window from
the Windows menu bar.
All additional changes can now be made in the CAD mode.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-55

Plotting long sections
The stormwater long section plot requires you to select the desired pipes for plotting.
Select Plot ► Generate.
The following dialog will be displayed:

Select the Stormwater Longsection sheet and set the sheet size to A0.
Click on [Next].

8-56 Civil Designer 2014

Specify the Horizontal and Vertical scales, what must be plotted, where the levels must be
labeled as well as whether the program must scroll to next page or not.
Click on the [Next] button.

Tutorial 6 – SWMM Design 8-57

You have the option to Edit Long Section Data if required. If selected, the Long Section Editor
will be displayed and you will be able to edit any data item.
Once the data is to your liking click the [Finish] button.
Specify the drawing a name and the long section/s will be generated.

The results displayed on the long sections are for the specific time step in each link when
maximum flow occurred in that link.

8-58 Civil Designer 2014

Tutorial 7 – Water Design
In order to familiarize yourself with WATER it is advisable to complete the following tutorial
that will teach you how to:
• Add a WATER data set to an existing project.
• Convert drawing entities to a WATER network.
• Change the WATER network display settings.
• Modify features in the WATER model.
• Analyze.
• View results in various formats.
• View databases and use SQL.
• Plot long sections.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-1

Add a Water data set to a project
The first step is to create a new data file into which the water data will be imported. This file is
added to the project file.
Load the Tutor drawing using File ► Open.
Change to Water mode using the icon or the Applications ► Water menu option.

Add the water file to the project using File ► Project Settings. Check the Water option and
specify the name of the water file by clicking on the [...] button on the right as shown below.

For the purpose of this tutorial we will be using a Water file so click on the check box next to
Water. The browse button for Water on the right side of the dialog will now become active.
Click on this button which will then display a standard Windows file open dialog. Navigate to a
suitable subdirectory for storing data, type in the file name Tutor.mdb and click on the [Open]
button.

9-2 Civil Designer 2014

If the file does not yet exist you will be asked if you want to create it.

If a file of that name already exists you will be asked if it is OK to overwrite it. In either case
select [Yes] and you will be returned to the project dialog. Click on [OK] to close the Project
Settings window.
You have just created a new water project file into which new data may be imported or typed.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-3

Convert Drawing Entities
Once the project file has been created, switch to Water mode with the Mode ► Water Mode
option. (Alternately, click on the Water icon).
Data may be input in a number of ways:
• Import Civil Designer 6.x files
• Import Wadiso 3.0 files
• Import ASCII files
• Convert Drawing/CAD entities to a network.
• Use the Water Graphical interface to generate your network.
In this example, we will import the network data from the drawing file, Tutor2.dr4, which we
have linked to the project.
Change to CAD mode using the icon or the Applications ► CAD menu option.

Now use the File ► Load ► Load Drawing function to load the Tutor2 drawing into the existing
Tutor layout drawing. The drawing will positioned correctly in our layout as it too has survey
coordinates which match those of the layout drawing.
In CAD mode, you will notice the drawing has been prepared in such a manner that the Water
network features are each on a separate layer.
Display the Layer Settings by clicking on the icon on the main toolbar or using the
Settings ► Layer Settings menu option.

You will see the layers containing the drawing entities representing specific water data items.

See the Data Preparation section in the Help file for more detail on preparing a CAD drawing
for converting to a WATER network.

Make the current layer the PIPES layer and display only the Water related layers. Click on [OK]
to close the Layer Settings.

9-4 Civil Designer 2014

Your present screen should look similar to the one shown below:

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-5

Default settings
It is important to remember that should your CAD drawing not contain information such as
pipe diameters or demands, on converting your CAD drawing to a Water network, Water will
assign the default settings to the network on importing.
To change the various default settings before importing your CAD data change to Water
mode using the icon or the Applications ► Water menu option.
Now elect Settings ► Pipe defaults and Settings ► Node defaults and edit each menu to suit.
Pipes

It is important to note that the default settings will only be assigned to your network during
importing your model if Water cannot find a value in the relevant CAD layer.

We have pipe diameters on our CAD drawing which means the value displayed in the pipe
defaults will not affect our values.
We need to change the following:
• Material to uPVC – SABS 966.
• Change Pressure Class to 9.
• Change the cover to 900mm.
• Change the Roughness to 0.100mm.
• Change the Minor Losses Coefficient to 2.00.
• Change the Bedding Class to “Flexible”
Select the [OK] button.
Nodes
We have a demand at each node in our CAD drawing which means the default will not
overwrite our values. We do however need to assign a demand pattern to the demand. The
demand suitable for our network is a small town, which is demand pattern number 4.

9-6 Civil Designer 2014

Select the browse button [...] to browse for the correct pattern or alternately type a value of 4
for the Demand Pattern as shown below:

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-7

Importing the CAD entities
In WATER mode, select File ► Import ► Convert drawing entities. The following window will be
displayed.

Set up the layers to be interrogated as shown above and click on the [OK] button to complete
the conversion.
To check on your data simply access the Data ► Data Spreadsheet menu option to display the
following window.

You can convert as many drawings to a Water network as required. You will be prompted
each time if you wish to add the data to the existing file. Duplicate nodes will be erased
(search radius of 100mm is pre-set.)

9-8 Civil Designer 2014

Display settings
Once your CAD network has been converted to a Water network, you may find your network
features are not immediately visible. The display features are affected by the scale setting in
the CAD module as well as the display settings in the Water module.
Activate the display of the Water module by clicking on the Display Settings icon or
select the Settings ► Display Settings option.

The Display Settings dialog will be displayed. This dialog allows you to specify how the data
must be displayed (and plotted).
Set up the display for each Water network feature by selecting the relevant page and changing
each default setting to suite. Typical pipe settings are shown below:

The line width has been set to 2 mm, the arrow length to 3.0 mm, the text size to 2.5 mm. The
rest has been left as default except for the top text item where the pipe diameter was
selected.
Similarly, the nodes and reservoir settings can be edited to suit. Once you have set up the
required settings, click on [OK].
The Water network display will be updated with the new settings.
Position your cursor near a pipe and zoom in using the Z key to display the zoom menu or M or
D to magnify or de-magnify to see the new display settings. Your display will look similar to the
picture below:

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-9

The model shows the elevation at each node as well as the diameter of each pipe.
We will change the display settings again after the analysis run to view the various results.

9-10 Civil Designer 2014

Modifying the model
At this stage, we will look at the existing model and modify the model where necessary before
we do an analysis.
Select the Data ► Summary option. The following summary will be displayed:

From the summary, we can see we have 86 pipes, 72 nodes and 1 reservoir in our network in
total.
The average demand of the network is 7.20 l/s. Since we have applied various demand
patterns to the nodal demands, we have a Seasonal Peak Demand of 9.72 l/s and an
Instantaneous Peak Demand of 17.50 l/s.
On selecting the Pipe Lengths tab, we can view the summary of the material, diameter, class
and total length pipes used. This summary can be saved as a text file or printed out.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-11

Editing node information
The Tutorial network is a portion of a larger network. It is not necessary to model the entire
system in Water, as we are able to model the inflow from an adjoining system by defining the
inflow at the relevant node. In this case, node ID number 73 is feeding the network via a
borehole, but this could have been an incoming pipe from an adjoining network.
To edit the node, select Data ► Nodes. Click on the [Find Record] button (the button with the
magnifying glass).

The Find Record window will be displayed. Type in “72” in the Value option and check the ID
Number tab.

Select the [Find] button. The program will display information for node 72.

To look where node 72 is situated on the graphics, select the [Show] button. Water will
highlight the node and roll up the node window on the screen.

9-12 Civil Designer 2014

Once you are satisfied you have selected the correct node, select the [Restore Position] button
display the full node menu.

Change the Node Type to Preset Pressure and type in a value of “–2.5” bar as the pressure. (The
negative sign indicates the level of the borehole is 25 m below ground level, i.e. below
1568.439m).

Click on the [OK] button.

Editing any other feature in the network can be done in a similar manner or alternately, you
can use the floating toolbar to edit an item in the following manner.
Click on the [Select] button on the vertical toolbar and then click on the feature on the
graphics you wish to edit.
Once the required item is highlighted, right-click the mouse to display the popup menu, select
the Water Operations option.

Now select the Edit Data option on the popup menu.

The data menu for the item will be displayed to allow you to make the required changes.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-13

Editing the Reservoir Information
You can either use the Data ► Reservoir option to access the edit menu or alternately,
click on the Select button on the vertical toolbar and select the reservoir by left clicking
on the symbol on your drawing.
Once the reservoir is highlighted, right-click the mouse to display the popup window and select
the Water Operations option. Now select the Edit Data option on the popup menu.
Edit the General reservoir information in the edit menu as follows:

 The Capacity remains at 500 Kl.

 The Full Supply Level will change to 1592.50 m.
 The Floor Level will change to 1588.50 m, which is 19.69 m above node 7 elevation on
which the reservoir is positioned. (Water defaults the Floor Level of your reservoir to
that of the elevation of the node on which it is positioned.)
 The Inlet Level is 0.5 m above the Full Supply Level, which means we change the value
to 1593.00 m.
 The Water Depth is the physical depth in the reservoir. Change the value to 4m, which
means the reservoir will be at full capacity at the start of the simulation.
Now change to the Connections by selecting the [Connections] tab.

9-14 Civil Designer 2014

The connection option will display the pipes that are connected to the reservoir and allow you
to define if the pipes are inlet and outlet pipes or only inlet or only outlet. Water will default to
inlet and outlet for pipes detected.
In this example we will move pipe number 86 to the inlet only option.

Click on pipe 86 to activate the “move” arrows and click on the arrow to move the selected
pipe to the inlet only box.

Water will allow flow in one direction only so it is not necessary to define a non-return valve
on the pipe, unless you wish to introduce a control valve, i.e. modulating or on/off valve.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-15

Inserting a pump station
On editing the reservoir and node 72 data, you will notice the node elevation is 25m below the
reservoir inlet level. The borehole water level is a further 25m below this, which means a total
height of 50m to the reservoir inlet level. Inserting a suitable pump is determined by various
factors, e.g. the required flow, friction losses, required head, etc.
We will insert a pump on the pipe feeding the reservoir, since the water will not reach the
reservoir via gravity. The pump we will insert will have an optimal head of about 50m. The
pipe the pump will be situated on has an internal diameter of 146.2 mm, which means the
pump will also need to have a similar diameter.
Select Data ► Pipes to display the Pipe data window and use the Find Record option to get the
data for pipe 86.

Make sure the direction of the pipe is from node 72 to 7. This is the expected direction of flow.
Should the direction be incorrect, the pump, which we will position on the pipe, will act as a
non-return valve since the flow can only be in one direction through a pump.
Close the pipe window.
Now click on the [Insert Pump] button on the Water tool bar or select the Graphical ► Draw
Pump option. The program will prompt:

Draw Pump Stations: Indicate position

Move the cursor close to the pipe and left click to position the pump station. Water will
continue to prompt you to place another pump but since we will only be placing one pump,
press [Esc] on your keyboard to terminate this function.

9-16 Civil Designer 2014

Editing pump information
Click on the pump you have just placed to select it for editing. Once the pump is highlighted,
right-click the mouse to display the popup menu and select the Water Operations option.
Now click on the Edit Data option on the popup menu with the left mouse button. The data
window for the pump/pump station will be displayed.

As discussed, the pump will need to handle an optimal head of approx. 50 m with an internal
diameter of about 140 mm. In order to select a pump from the catalogue click on the
[Catalogue] button.

Browse for a suitable pump using the arrow keys.

From the pumps available in the pump catalogue, the most suitable pump is the WKLn 32/10
pump with a nominal speed of 1450 RMP.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-17

Click on [Copy] to copy the pump information to the clipboard and then click on the [OK]
button to close the pump catalogue and return the Pump Stations window.
Now click on the [Paste] button to copy the information from the clipboard to the pump input
area.

9-18 Civil Designer 2014

Select the Controls tab. Our pump will be pumping continually which means we do not set up
any controls but we check the Initially working option.

Refer to the online Help for more information on the pump controls.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-19

Analysing the model
Select Analysis ► Error Checking. The error check will look at the basics of your model, i.e. are
your nodes all connected to a pipe, have you specified pipe diameters, do you have a draw off
somewhere on your network, is there at least one head in your network to allow for an
analysis, etc.

There should be no errors in your model, but should there be an error message, the message
will inform you where the problem lies in order to allow you to fix it. Close the Messages
window and select the Analysis ► Time Simulation option.

Check the Show Reservoirs option to view during the simulation and set up the rest of the
parameters as shown above.
A time increment less than 15 minutes is not recommended since the demand pattern factors
are defined every 15 minutes and anything less would be senseless. Click on the [Start] button.

9-20 Civil Designer 2014

Once the analysis is complete, click on the [Save As] button. This allows for saving different
scenarios under different names, for example, an analysis with a Seasonal Peak Factor and one
without.

As a default, the analysis will be saved as <Latest Time Simulation>.

Before closing the Time Simulation menu, click on the [Messages] button. The messages menu
lists any errors or warnings encountered during the simulation. In our model, the reservoir
overflows at the start of the simulation.
We can fix this in a number of ways, for example, we can put a control on the pump, etc. In our
situation, we will ignore the message but in a design model, we would use the messages to
streamline our WATER network.

You have an option to print the errors, to view the problem item by clicking on the [Show]
button and edit the problem item by clicking on the [Edit] button.
Once you have browsed through the errors and warnings, click on the [Close] button.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-21

Viewing the results
We can view the results in many ways.
Colour scheme

Switch on the display settings and select the pipes tab. Select Flow to be displayed as
the bottom text. Select Flows as the default colour scheme.

You can set up the desired settings for the nodes, reservoir and pump. Click on the [OK] button
to close.
Now select Results ► Results Browser to open the browser. You
will notice in the example below, two analysis were done, i.e. one
with the peak factor selected and saved as Peak factor and the
second one, being the latest time simulation without the peak
factor.
Leave the browser open.
Click on different times in the list to see the change in your pipe
colours as the flows change over the 24 hour period.
The colour schemes can indicate problem areas visually while the
displayed text indicates the actual flows in the pipes.

9-22 Civil Designer 2014

Tabular
Leaving the Results Browser open, select Results ► Pipes to open the pipe results table for the
selected time.

You can now click on the various critical times in the Results Browser and the pipes results
table will update accordingly.
You can sort the information in the various columns by clicking on the tabs at the top of the
table. Click on the [Flow] tab to sort the flows from highest to lowest. In this way, you can pick
up critical flows in the system.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-23

You can view the pipes with the critical flows by highlighting the line and clicking on the [Show]
button.
You can save the table as a text file by clicking on the [Save to File] button. You can print the
table.
In a similar manner you can select the results for the other items, i.e. nodes, reservoir, etc.

Click on the [Close] button to close the Results tables.

Close the Results Browser window.

9-24 Civil Designer 2014

Graphs
Select Graphs ► Pipes to open the graphical display of the results of each pipe.

Use the arrow buttons to browse between the various pipes. From the pipe results table, we
determined the critical pipes.
In the graphical display, once at the critical pipe, we can select the most critical period visually.
It is not practical to view, print or save results of the entire 24 hour simulation at every 15
minute interval. One would normally require about two to three outputs, i.e. period of the
lowest and highest demands/flows/pressures and possibly an average value.
On the pipe graphical display, move the cross hair with the mouse to the desired position and
click with the right hand mouse button. The retrieve results tab will appear.

Move onto the tab with the mouse and click with the left mouse button to accept the time of
the simulation for results retrieval.
You can now go back to the tabular results to print or save results for the selected time. The
colour scheme of your network also updates itself.

Tutorial 7 – Water Design 9-25

You can print the graphs by clicking on the [Print] button.
You can click on the [Show] button to see the pipe on the layout.
Click on [Close] button to close the Pipe Graph.
You can view the graphical results for the other network features in a similar manner.

Plotting long sections

The Water long section plot requires you to select the desired pipes for plotting. (The
selection features were discussed earlier in the tutorial.)
Once you have selected the pipes the process is identical to that of the Sewer or Storm
modules.

9-26 Civil Designer 2014

Index
Authorisation 2-6
Customising Civil Designer 2-7
Design
concept 2-9
modes 2-9
DTM
contours 3-12
Import
ASCII survey data 3-5
lines
breaklines 3-9
Intelli-Lines 3-9
platform 4-2
plot
grid settings 3-17
plan 3-14
rotate 3-16
terrace 4-2
contours 4-7
fixed slope banks 4-4
merge with original ground 4-7
volumes 4-6
TIN 3-7
triangulate 3-7
Folder
documents folder 2-5
guest folder 2-5, 2-8
program home folder 2-5, 2-8
sample data folder 2-8
symbol folder 2-5, 2-8
users folder 2-8
Users folder 2-5
Installation 2-5
Project
add a Sewer file 6-2
add a Storm file 7-2
add a terrain file 3-3
add a water file 8-2
create 3-2
drawing backdrop 3-2
Requirements
minimum 2-4
system 2-4
Road
coordinate 5-6
cross sections 5-8, 5-29
crossfall 5-22
edge levels 5-23
edit 5-2
horizontal alignment 5-4
layerworks 5-25
levels 5-12
 PLC 5-32
plot
cross section 5-29
long section 5-31
plan 5-35
point location codes 5-32
profile 5-14
cut and fill slopes 5-17
kerbs 5-14
pavement Layers 5-18
sidewalk 5-16
section area 5-25
setup 5-2
superelevation 5-22
template See Road profile
vertical alignment 5-9
volumes 5-27, 5-28
Sewer
analysis 6-14
display settings 6-6, 6-21
erf connections 6-23
add 6-24
analysis 6-29
display settings 6-26
import ASCII data 6-3
inflows 6-14
layout plan 6-33
link types 6-13
manhole cover levels 6-9
plot long sections 6-34
quantities 6-22
setup project 6-2
Storm
analysis 7-22
cover levels 7-12
display settings 7-6, 7-24
Illudas runoff data 7-15
import data 7-3
plot
culvert schedule 7-29
key plan 7-28
layout plan 7-27
long sections 7-30
quantities 7-25
setup project 7-2
subcatchment
add 7-18
display settings 7-18
drainage node 7-19
grassed drainage path 7-19
grassed entry time 7-20
paved drainage path 7-19
paved entry time 7-19
Water
analysis 8-20
convert drawing entities 8-4
data spreadsheet 8-8
data summary 8-11
default settings 8-6
node 8-6
pipe 8-6
display settings 8-9
import
cad entities 8-8
messages 8-21
modify
node data 8-12
reservoir data 8-14
plot long section 8-26
pump
add 8-16
catalogue 8-17
controls 8-19
edit data 8-17
results 8-22
browser 8-22
colour scheme 8-22
graphs 8-25
tables 8-23
setup project 8-2