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Smart Energy Meter based on Arduino and Internet of Things

To cite this article: N M Yoeseph et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 578 012085

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for Better Future 2018 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (2019) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012085

Smart Energy Meter based on Arduino and Internet of Things

N M Yoeseph, M A Safi’ie, and F A Purnomo

Diploma 3 Teknik Informatika Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan
Jebres Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

Email : [email protected]

Abstract. Energy meter is a measuring instrument to calculate the amound of electric energy
consumed by an electrically powered device. The energy metering which measure line voltage,
current, and calculating active power can be used to increase usage efficiency of electricity.
This paper presets a system which provide real time energy meter reading using ACS712 as
current sensor, ZMPT101B as voltage sensor, arduino and an IoT server. The energy meter can
display consumed energy in kWh and electricity bills to be paid. system's user interface is in
Android. the error in current measurement is less than 2 % and error for peak to peak voltage
measurement is 4 %. A notification for the amount of electricity energy usage or electricity
cost can be generated for user to be displayed.

1. Introduction
The power meters are one of important aspect in the smart grid concept [1]. They are the devices
which measure electricity and also connecting different equipment over the electric grids. The concept
that introduce the automation of measurements of electronic meters was called AMR (Automated
Meter Reading). AMR is a concept that enables devices to be accessed remotely and collect the
electronic data generated by the meter at consumer units. The data then transmitted from the meter to
the electric company using radio frequency, telephone, power line or satellite communication [1].
A smart energy meter (SEM) is electronic device having energy meter chip for electric energy
consumed measurement, protocols for data communication, security purposes, interface for data
display and other function[2]. The difference of smart meter from traditional energy meter devices is
by its communication ability. A smart meter should be able to record active power consumption and
also other information of an electronic device, such as: voltage and current phasors, reactive power,
maximum power demand, frequency, power factor and other information, in real time [1].
The Internet of Things (IoT) is defined by ITU and IERC as a dynamic global network
infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication
protocols where physical and virtual "things" have identities, physical attributes and virtual
personalities, use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network [3].
Following the utilization of IoT, the smart meters needs to be developed with the intention of using
device and communication technology to attain consumer satisfaction. This paper present a design of a
smart energy meter, which provide accurate measurement of power consumption and display it to the
consumer.

2. Experimental
There are two basic types of electronic meters, electro-mechanical and electronic. The most common
type of electricity meters are the electro-mechanical induction watt-hour meter. It works by counting

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for Better Future 2018 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (2019) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012085

the revolutions of a non-magnetic metal disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the
power passing through the meter. The number of the disk revolutions is proportional to the device’s
energy usage[2]. The electrical power is the ratio of electric energy per unit time. In other words, it is
the amount of power used or absorbed by a device within a given time. The giving unit by the
International System of Units is the Watt [4]. The real power calculated from the instantaneous power
signal. The instantaneous power signal is generated by a direct multiplication of the current and
voltage signals [2]. Electronic power is calculate using equation (1)
P =V I (1)
where: V is the voltage (V); I is the current (A); P is the power (W)
The system’s design for the smart meter using arduino and Internet of Things (IoT) is shown on
Figure 1. In our system, the voltage was measured using ZMPT101B, the current was measured by
ACS712, and the estimated power is calculated using the effective value of both voltage and current
signal. Arduino is used to read the sensors readings and send the data via ethernet shield to the server.
The server will receive the data, calculate the estimated power and display it for user. User can access
the data using mobile devices.

Current
Sensor
ACS712

ARDUINO
UNO SERVER

Voltage Sensor
ZMPT101B

Mobile
Devices

Figure 1. The Design System of The Smart Meter.

ZMPT101B is a voltage sensor made from the ZMPT101B voltage transformer. It has high
accuracy, good consistency for voltage and power measurement and it can measure up to 250V AC
[5], [6]. ACS712 is a Hall effect-based linear current sensor Integrated Circuit (IC) with 2.1 kVRMS
isolation and a low resitance current conductor. This sensor has a maximum 185 mV/A output
sensitivity with extremely stable output offset voltage [7]. Both voltage and current units are isolated,
very cheap, and easy to use [6]. Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics
projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board and a sofware or IDE
(Integrated Development Environment), used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.

Figure 2. ZMPT101B Voltage Figure 3. ACS712 Hall Effect

Sensor Module. Current Sensor.

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for Better Future 2018 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (2019) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012085

After implementing the system design, sample of voltage and current were taken by connecting the
sensors to electric source. Afterward, the value from the sensor is compare with data obtained from a
multimeter (Heles UX866TR). A bank of 7W, 15W, 18W, 42W, and 100 W light bulb is connected as
load.

3. Results and Discussion

A hardware prototype had implemented according to the design. The hardware prototype for the Smart
Energy Meter is shown on Figure 4.
LOAD

Arduino UNO

ACS712
Current Sensor
ZMPT101B
Voltage Sensor

Figure 4. Prototype of Implemented Smart Energy

Meter.

The voltage measured by the ZMPT101B voltage sensor and the multimeter were read and
recorded. The values and are represented as a graph in Figure 5. The accuracy of ZMPT101B voltage
sensor’s reading is 77 %.

Figure 5. Result of Voltage Reading by the

ZMPT010B Voltage Sensor.

The current measured by the ACS712 Current sensor and multimeter were read and recorded. The
values and percentage errors are represented as a graph in Figure 6. The accuracy of ACS712 current
sensor’s reading is 86 %.

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for Better Future 2018 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (2019) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012085

Figure 6. Result of ACS712 Current Sensor’s reading.

User interface is design so that user can monitor usage of electricity by the equipment. The user
interface also shows the cost spent for the electricity. Smart energy meter’s user interface is shown on
Figure 7.

Figure 7. User Interface of Smart Energy Meter.

4. Conclusion
As conclusion, a smart energy meter using arduino and IoT has been designed and tested. The
meter is design to facilitate electronic consumer to monitoring its electrical utilization. The meter
consist of ZMPT101B as voltage sensor, ACS712 as current sensor and Arduino UNO with ethernet
shield. The data from sensor’s reading will be sent to server. Server will calculate the electrical power
used by the equipment. User can monitor all of this data using mobile devices. The sensor testing
shows 77 % accuracy for voltage sensor and 86 % accuracy for current sensor. The future work is to
improve the sensor accuracy that the energy reading become more precise.

References
[1] Garcia F D, Marafao F P, Souza W A De and Silva L C P Da 2017 Power Metering: History
and Future Trends IEEE Green Technol. Conf. 26–33
[2] Rahman M, Islam M O and Salakin S 2015 Arduino and GSM Based Smart Energy Meter for
Advanced Metering and Billing System 21–3
[3] Vermesan O and Friess P 2014 Internet of Things – From Research and Innovation to Market

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International Conference on Advanced Materials for Better Future 2018 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (2019) 012085 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/578/1/012085

Deployment (Denmark: River Publishers)

[4] M M S, Borre J D and Santos J C 2014 Design and Construction of a Power Meter to Optimize
Usage of the Electric Power International Congress of Engineering Mechatronics and
Automation (CIIMA) pp 1–5
[5] Abubakar I, Khalid S N, Mustafa M W, Shareef H and Mustapha M 2017 Calibration of
ZMPT101B voltage sensor module using polynomial regression for accurate load monitoring
ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci. 12 1076–84
[6] Mnati M J, Van den Bossche A and Chisab R F 2017 A smart voltage and current monitoring
system for three phase inverters using an android smartphone application Sensors 17
[7] Allegro MicroSystems L 2012 ACS712 - Integrated, Fully Linear, Hall Effect-based Sensor,
Current