Umm Al-Qura Universtiy, Makkah

Department of Electrical Engineering

Electromagnetics-II (8022320)
Term 2: 2020/2021
Solution Homework 1
Dr. Waheed Ahmad Younis
Do not submit this homework. There will be a quiz from this homework.

Topics covered in this week:

• Integrals
𝑏
Line integral: ∫𝑎 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 𝑜𝑟 ∮ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙
Surface integral: ∫ 𝐽. 𝑑𝑆 𝑜𝑟 ∮ 𝐷 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
𝑠
Volume integral: ∫𝑣 𝜌 𝑑𝑣
• Maxwell’s equations
⃗
𝜕𝐵
1. ∮ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = − ∫𝑠 . 𝑑𝑆 Faraday’s law
𝜕𝑡
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = ∫ 𝐽. 𝑑𝑆 = 𝐼
2. ∮ 𝐻 Ampere’s law
𝑠
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 = ∫ 𝜌 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑄
3. ∮ 𝐷 Gauss’s law
𝑣
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 = 0
4. ∮ 𝐵 No isolated magnetic pole
____________________________________________________________________________________

Q1. In a region, the magnetic flux density changes linearly from zero
to 50 Wb/m2 along z-axis, in 4 seconds. A conducting double loop
of size 4m x 2m is placed in that region as shown. Using
Faraday’s law, find out the voltage shown by the voltmeter due
to this flux change.

Solution:
⃗|
𝐵 =0
𝑡=0
⃗|
𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝑊𝑏/𝑚2
= 50 𝑎
𝑡=4
𝑑𝐵 ∆𝐵 50−0 Wb⁄𝑚2
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = = 12.5
𝑑𝑡 ∆𝑡 4 sec
𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝐵
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 = =𝐴 = 8(12.5) = 100 Wb⁄𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Voltmeter reading = 2(100) = 200 volt

Q2. In a region, the electric field is given by 𝐸⃗ = 5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑎𝑥 𝑁⁄𝐶 . Find the total amount of work done in
moving a 2C charge from B(4, 3) to A(1, 1) in a straight line. What is the potential difference
between these two points?

Solution:
∆𝑙 = (−3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 − 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 ) 𝑚 𝐸⃗ = 5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 𝑁⁄𝐶
Force on the charge = 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸⃗ = 2(5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 ) = 10 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 𝑁
⃗⃗⃗ = −10 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
Amount of work done (by external agent) = −𝐹 . ∆𝑙 𝑎𝑥 . (−3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 − 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 ) = 30 𝐽
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 Potential difference = work done per unit charge = 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 30/2 = 15 volt.
Alternatively:
𝐴 𝐴
⃗⃗⃗
Potential difference = 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = − ∫𝐵 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −𝐸⃗ . ∫𝐵 𝑑𝑙 = −𝐸⃗ . ∆𝑙
= −5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 (−3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑥 − 2𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 ) = 15 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡.

Q3. Find the amount of work done in moving a 5 µC charge from the origin to P(2, -1, 4) through the
field 𝐸⃗ = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 𝑉 ⁄𝑚 via the straight line segments (0, 0, 0) to ((2, 0, 0), to
(2, -1, 0) to (2, -1, 4). What is the voltage 𝑉𝑃𝑂 .

Solution:
We have 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧
From (0,0,0) to (2,0,0):
𝑥: 0 → 2, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 𝐸⃗ = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 0 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥
𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 =0 Hence, 𝑊(0,0,0)−(2,0,0) = 0
From (2,0,0) to (2, -1,0):
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦: 0 → −1, 𝑧 = 0 𝐸⃗ = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 4𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦
𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = 0 Hence, 𝑊(2,0,0)−(2,−1,0) = 0
From (2, -1,0) to (2, -1,4):
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1, 𝑧: 0 → 4 𝐸⃗ = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = −4𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 4𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 − 4 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧
𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −4 𝑑𝑧
(2,−1,4) 4

𝑊(2,−1,0)−(2,−1,4) = − 𝑞 ∫ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = − 5 ∫(−4)𝑑𝑧 = 20[4] = 80 𝜇𝐽

(2,−1,0) 0
𝑊𝑂𝑃 = 0 + 0 + 80 = 80 𝜇𝐽
80 𝜇𝐽
𝑉𝑂𝑃 = = 16 𝑉
5 𝜇𝐶

Q4. Magnetic flux density is given as 𝐵⃗ = 6 cos 106 𝑡 sin 0.01𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 𝑚𝑊𝑏⁄𝑚2 . Find
a. The magnetic flux passing through the surface 𝑧 = 0, 0 < 𝑥 < 20𝑚, 0 < 𝑦 < 3𝑚 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1 𝜇𝑠
b. The value of the closed line integral of 𝐸⃗ around the perimeter of the above surface at 𝑡 =
1 𝜇𝑠.
Solution:
At 𝑡 = 1 𝜇𝑠:
⃗ = 6 cos 106 𝑡 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑎
𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 6 cos 106 10−6 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝑚𝑊𝑏⁄𝑚2
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 3.2418 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑎
a. 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑎 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 = 3.2418 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝐵
20 3
𝑥=20,𝑦=3
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 = ∬
∫𝐵 3.2418 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 3.2418 ∫ sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑥=0,𝑦=0
𝑠 0 0
= 3.2418(1.9933)(3) = 19.39 𝑚𝑊𝑏
⃗
𝜕𝐵
b. The closed line integral of 𝐸⃗ is same as ∮ 𝐸⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = − ∫𝑠 . 𝑑𝑆
𝜕𝑡

2|Page
 ⃗
𝜕𝐵 𝑚𝑊𝑏
= −6 × 106 sin 106 𝑡 sin 0.01𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧
𝜕𝑡 𝑠.𝑚2
At 𝑡 = 1 𝜇𝑠:
⃗
𝜕𝐵
= −6 × 106 sin 106 𝑡 sin 0.01𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 = −6 × 106 sin 106 10−6 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧
𝜕𝑡
𝑚𝑊𝑏
= −5.049 × 106 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 𝑠.𝑚2
⃗
𝜕𝐵
𝑑𝑆 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 . 𝑑𝑆 = −5.049 × 106 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑡
20 3
⃗
𝜕𝐵 𝑥=20,𝑦=3
−∫ . 𝑑𝑆 = ∬ 5.049 × 106 sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 5.049 × 106 ∫ sin 0.01𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑡 𝑥=0,𝑦=0
𝑠 0 0
6 (1.9933)(3) 6 3
= 5.049 × 10 = 30.2 × 10 𝑚𝑉 = 30.2 × 10 𝑉 = 30.2 𝑘𝑉

Q5. The electric flux density is given as

⃗ = (2𝑥𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 ) 𝐶 ⁄ 𝑚 2
Find the total flux coming out of the parallelepiped formed by the planes x=0 and 1, y=0 and 2,
and z=0 and 3.

Solution:
We complete the following table:

Face of ⃗ ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
𝐷 𝑑𝑆 𝐷 ∫ 𝐷
parallelepiped
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑦=2,𝑧=3
x=0 0 − 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑦=0,𝑧=0
𝑦=2,𝑧=3
x=1 2𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 ∬ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = 12
𝑦=0,𝑧=0
𝑥=1,𝑧=3
y=0 𝑥 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 ∬ (−𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = −1
𝑥=0,𝑧=0
𝑥=1,𝑧=3
y=2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
2𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 ∬ (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 = 1
𝑥=0,𝑧=0
𝑦=2,𝑥=1
z=0 0 − 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦=0,𝑥=0
𝑦=2,𝑥=1
z=3 0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦=0,𝑥=0

Finally,
⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑆
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 = ∮ 𝐷

⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
= ∫𝐷 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
𝑥=0 𝑥=1 𝑦=0 𝑦=2 𝑧=0 𝑧=3
= 0 + 12 − 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 = 12 𝐶 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒

3|Page
Q6. The electric flux density is given as
⃗ = 6𝜌 sin 𝜑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷
𝜑
𝑎𝜌 + 1.5𝜌 cos ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑎𝜑
2 2
Find the total charge enclosed by the surfaces bounded by 𝜌 = 2, 𝜑 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋, 𝑧 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5.

Solution:
We complete the following table:
Surface
of the ⃗
𝐷 𝑑𝑆 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
𝐷 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
∫ 𝐷
volume 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝜑
12 sin 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝜌 + 𝜑 𝜑=𝜋,𝑧=5
𝜑
𝜌=2 𝜑 2 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑧 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝜌 24 sin 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑧 ∬ (24 sin ) 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑧 = 240
3 cos 2 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 2 𝜑=0,𝑧=0 2
𝜌=2,𝑧=5
𝜑=0 1.5𝜌 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 − 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝑧 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 −1.5𝜌 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝑧 ∬ (−1.5𝜌) 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝑧 = −15
𝜌=0,𝑧=0
𝜌=2,𝑧=5
𝜑=𝜋 6𝜌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝜌 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝑧 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝜌=0,𝑧=0
𝜌=2,𝜑=𝜋
𝑧=0 0 −𝜌 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 = 0
𝜌=0,𝜑=0
𝜌=2,𝜑=𝜋
𝑧=5 0 𝜌 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑧 0 ∬ (0) 𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜌 = 0
𝜌=0,𝜑=0

Finally

⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑆 = ∫ 𝐷
∮𝐷 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐷
⃗ . 𝑑𝑆
𝜌=2 𝜑=0 𝜑=𝜋 𝑧=0 𝑧=5
= 240 − 15 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 225

Q7. A magnetic field is given as

𝐻⃗ = (6𝑥𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 ) 𝐴⁄𝑚
Find the total current enclosed by the
rectangular path formed by the lines
2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5 and −1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1.

Solution:
At line 𝑦 = −1: 𝑥: 2 → 5, 𝑦 = −1
⃗ = −6𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻 𝑎𝑥 − 3 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐻
5

⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −6 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −63
∫ 𝐻
𝑦=−1 2
At line 𝑥 = 5: 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦: −1 → 1

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 ⃗ = 30𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻 𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 𝑑𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝐻
1
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −3 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = −2
∫𝐻
𝑥=5 −1
At line 𝑦 = 1: 𝑥: 5 → 2, 𝑦 = 1
𝐻⃗ = 6𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐻
2
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = 6 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −63
∫𝐻
𝑦=1 5
At line 𝑥 = 2: 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦: 1 → −1
𝐻⃗ = 12𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑦 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 𝑑𝑙 = 𝑑𝑥 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑧 = 𝑑𝑦 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝑦 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝐻
−1
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −3 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 2
∫𝐻
𝑥=2 1

Finally

⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 =
∮𝐻 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 + ∫ 𝐻
∫ 𝐻 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 + ∫ 𝐻
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 + ∫ 𝐻
⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = −63 − 2 − 63 + 2 = −126 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
𝑦=−1 𝑥=5 𝑦=1 𝑥=2

⃗ = 20𝜌2 𝑎
Q8. Given the magnetic field 𝐻 ⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 𝐴/𝑚:
Find the total current passing through the circular surface: 𝜌 = 1, 0 ≤ 𝜑 ≤ 2𝜋, 𝑧 = 0

Solution:
⃗ = 20𝜌2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻 𝑎𝜑 = 20(1) ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑎𝜑 𝑑𝑙 = (1)𝑑𝜑 𝑎
⃗⃗⃗⃗𝜑 ⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = 20 𝑑𝜑
𝐻
2𝜋

⃗ . 𝑑𝑙 = ∫ 20 𝑑𝜑 = 40𝜋 𝐴
𝐼 = ∮𝐻
0

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