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Coordinate Geometry Study Guide

This document provides an overview and study guide for coordinate geometry for the New York State regents exam. It covers key topics like geometry and algebra formulas, lines and proofs in coordinate geometry, and practice questions. The topics include distance formulas, slope, linear equations, midpoint formulas, proofs about triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, and practice problems from past regents exams. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts in coordinate geometry.

Uploaded by

Adair Contemarero
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
233 views

Coordinate Geometry Study Guide

This document provides an overview and study guide for coordinate geometry for the New York State regents exam. It covers key topics like geometry and algebra formulas, lines and proofs in coordinate geometry, and practice questions. The topics include distance formulas, slope, linear equations, midpoint formulas, proofs about triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, and practice problems from past regents exams. Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts in coordinate geometry.

Uploaded by

Adair Contemarero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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coordinate geometry

regents geometry
study guide!!
overview
1. geometry and algebra
a. formulas
b. line segments
2. lines & coordinate geo. proofs
a. equations
b. organizing proofs
3. practice questions
y

slope
x

y=mx+b

topic one:
geometry & algebra
quick review!
y
origin: point O

axes: x-axis and y-axis


II I
x
O
quadrants: regions I, II, III, IV III IV
coordinate plane: the plane of the x-axis and y-axis

to find the distance between 2 points that lie on a


horizontal line or on a vertical line, use:
y-coordinate = | y2 - y1 |
x-coordinate = | x2 - x1 |
distance formula
the distance d between points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is:
d = √(x2 - x1)2 + (y2 - y1)2

example! (-4, 2)

find the distance between points 3 d


(-4,2) and (2,-1)
6 (2, -1)

solution 1: draw a rt, Δ. the legs have lengths 6 and 3


solution 1: d2 = 62 + 32 = 36 +9 = 45
solution 1: d = √45 = √9 · √5 = 3√5
solution 2: use the distance formula
solution 2: d = √(2 - (-4))2 + ((-1) - 2)2
solution 2: d = √(62+(-3)2 = √36 + 9 = √45 = 3√5
circle equation
an equation of the circle with center (a,b) and radius r
is
example! (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2
find the center and the radius of
O
the circle with equation
(1, -2)
(x - 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 9.
sketch the graph

solution 1:
(x-1)2 + (y-(-2))2 = 32
the center is point (1,-2) and the radius is 3
slope of a line
denoted by m, is the nonvertical lines through the points
(x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
(x2, y2)
slope m = y2 - y1 y

x2 - x1 y2 - y1
(x1,
= change in y y1)
x2 - x1
change in x x
O

slope of a horizontal line is 0 slope of a vertical line is undefined

since y1 = y2, since x1 = x2,


(x1,y1)
slope 0
= y2- y1 = y2- y1
(x1,y1) (x2,y2) = x2 - x1 = x2 - x1
no slope
= 0 = y2- y1

x2- x1 01
(x2,y2) = undefined
= 0
parallel & perpendicular lines
theorem 1: 2 nonvertical lines are parallel if and only if
their slopes are equal
theorem 2: 2 nonvertical lines are perpendicular if and
only if the product of their slopes is -1
m1 · m2 = -1, or m1 = -1/m2

example: given points S(5,-1) and T(-3,3), find the slope of


every line (a) || to ST and (b) ⊥ to ST

solution: slope of ST = 3 - (-1) = 4 = - 1


solution: slope of ST = -3 - 5 -8 = - 2
a. any line || to ST has slope -½
1
b. any line ⊥ to ST has slope --½ = -1 · (-2) = 2
midpoint formula
the midpoint of the segment that joins points (x1,y1) and
x +x , y +y
(x2,y2) is the point ( 1

2 2
2
) 1 2

example!
find the midpoint of the segment that joins (-11 , 3)
and (8 , -7)

solution: the x-coordinate of the midpoint is


x1+ x2 = -11 + 8 = -3
2 2 2
solution: the y-coordinate of the midpoint is
y1+ y2 = 3 - 7 = -4 = 2
2 2 2
solution: the midpoint is (-3/2, -2)
topic two:
lines & coordinate
geometry proofs
linear equations
equation form equation advantage

when you set x=0,


you can find the y
intercept
standard form Ax + By = C when you set y=0,
you can find the x
intercepts

slope-intercept slope = m
y = mx + b y-intercept = b
form

slope = m
a point on the line
point slope form y - y1 = m(x - x1) (that is not the
y-intercept)
prove: the midpoint of the
hypotenuse of a rt. Δ is
equidistant from the 3 vertices
proof:
R (0, 2b)
let OP and OR be the x-axis
and y-axis M (a, b)

let P and R have the coordinates


shown O P (2a, 0)

then, the coordinates of M are (a,b)


MO = √(a-0)2 + (b-0)2 = √a2 + b2
MP = √(a-2a)2 + (b-0)2 = √a2 + b2
thus, MO=MP. by the definition of midpoint, MP=MR.
hence, MO = MP = MR
organizing coordinate proofs
- if you have a rt. Δ, such as the one from before,
the most convenient place to put the x-axis and
y-axis is usually along the legs of the triangle
- if the triangle is not a right triangle, the 2 most
convenient ways to place your axes are shown below
y y

(0,b) (d,e)

x x
(a,0) (c,0) O (f,0)
ΔCOD is isosceles ΔEFG is isosceles

C (a,b) E (0,b)

O D (2a,0) F G (a, 0)

HOJK is a rectangle MONP is a parallelogram

H (0,b) K M (b,c) P

O J(a,0)
O N (a,0)

ROST is a trapezoid UOVW is an isosceles


trapezoid

S (b,c) T V (b,c) W

O R (a,0) O U (a,0)
topic three:
practice questions
including questions from
past regents!
coordinate geometry
regents questions
includes answers at the end!
- triangles in the coordinate plane
- quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane 1a
- quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane 1b
- quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane 2
- circles in the coordinate plane
- practice-triangles in the coordinate plane
- practice-quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane 1
- practice-quadrilaterals in the coordinate plane 2
- practice-circles in the coordinate plane

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