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Animal Cell - Structure, Function, Diagram and Typ

Animals cell

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Animal Cell - Structure, Function, Diagram and Typ

Animals cell

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Kolade Yousuff
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Animal Cell

We are aware of the fact that the cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. It is also the smallest and the most basic
biological unit of living organisms.  On the basis of the cellular organization, cells are further classified as eukaryotic and
prokaryotic. Plant cells and animal cells fall under the eukaryotic category.
Table of Contents
Definition
Explanation
Diagram
Structure
Types
Conclusion
Let us have a detailed overview of the animal cell, its types, diagram and structure.

Animal Cell Definition


“An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that lacks a cell wall and has a true, membrane-bound nucleus along with other
cellular organelles.”

Explanation
Animal cells range in size from a few microscopic microns to few millimetres. The largest known animal cell is the ostrich egg,
which can stretch over 5.1 inches across and weighs about 1.4 kilograms.  This is in stark contrast to the neuron in the human
body, which is just 100 microns across.
The shape of animal cells also varies, with some being flat, others oval or rod-shaped. There are also more intriguing shapes
such as curved, spherical, concave and rectangular. Most of the cells are microscopic in size and can only be seen under the
microscope. 
As stated before, animal cells are eukaryotic cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. Furthermore, these cells exhibit the
presence of DNA inside the nucleus. They also comprise other membrane-bound organelles and cellular structures which carry
out specific functions necessary for a cell to function properly.

Animal Cell Diagram


The diagram given below depicts the structural organization of the animal cell. The various cell organelles present in an animal
cell are clearly marked in the animal cell diagram provided below.

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Animal cell diagram detailing the various organelles

Though this animal cell diagram is not representative of any one particular type of cell, it provides insight into the primary
organelles and the intricate internal structure of most animal cells. Furthermore, it is easy to distinguish between a plant and
animal cell diagram just by inspecting the presence or absence of a cell wall.

Animal Cell Structure


Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. (https://byjus.com/biology/plant-cell/)  Another defining characteristic is its
irregular shape. This is due to the absence of a cell wall. But animal cells share other cellular organelles with plant cells as both
have evolved from eukaryotic cells.
A typical animal cell comprises the following cell organelles:

Cell Membrane
A thin semipermeable membrane layer of protein and fats surrounding the cell. Its primary role is to protect the cell from its
surrounding. Also, it controls the entry and exit of nutrients and other microscopic entities into the cell.

Nuclear Membrane
It is a double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus. It is also referred to as the nuclear envelope.

Nucleus
It is an organelle that contains several other sub-organelles such as nucleolus, nucleosomes and chromatins. It also
contains DNA and other genetic materials.

Centrosome
It is a small organelle found near to the nucleus which has a thick centre with radiating tubules. The centrosomes are where
microtubules are produced.

Lysosome (Cell Vesicles)


They are round organelles surrounded by a membrane and comprising digestive enzymes which help in digestion, excretion
and in the cell renewal process.

Cytoplasm
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A jelly-like material which contains all the cell organelles, enclosed within the cell membrane. The substance found within
the cell nucleus, contained by the nuclear membrane is called the nucleoplasm.

Golgi Apparatus
A flat, smooth layered, sac-like organelle which is located near the nucleus and involved in manufacturing, storing, packing
and transporting the particles throughout the cell. ×
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Mitochondrion
They are spherical or rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. They are the powerhouse of a cell as they play an
important role in releasing energy.

Ribosome
They are small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules, and they are the sites of protein synthesis.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)


This cellular organelle is composed of a Book a Free
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of membranous sacs originating from the nucleus.

Vacuole
A membrane-bound organelle present inside a cell involved in maintaining shape and storing water, food, wastes, etc.

Nucleopore
They are tiny holes present in the nuclear membrane which are involved in the movement of nucleic acids and proteins
within the cell.

Animal Cell Types


There are numerous types of animal cells, each designed to serve specific functions. The most common types of animal cells
are:

Skin Cells
Melanocytes, keratinocytes,  Merkel cells and Langerhans cells

Muscle Cells
Myocyte, Myosatellite cells, Tendon cells, Cardiac muscle cells

Blood Cells
Leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelet

Nerve Cells
Schwann cell, glial cells etc

Fat Cells
Adipocytes

Points to Note About Animal Cell


The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. These cells differ in their shapes, sizes and their structure as they have to
fulfil specific functions. Plant cells and animal cells share some common features as both are eukaryotic cells.
However, they differ as animals need to adapt to a more active and non-sedentary lifestyle. Furthermore, animals need to
acquire their own food, therefore, they do not possess any of the specialized cell organelles such as chloroplasts.
Animal Cell is a fundamental topic taught in class 9 and higher. To find more information about the animal cell structure, its
types, functions cell diagram or other related topics, please explore BYJU’S Biology (https://byjus.com/biology/).
Further Reading:
Cells (https://byjus.com/biology/cells/)
Prokaryotic Cells (https://byjus.com/biology/prokaryotic-cells/)
Competent Cells (https://byjus.com/biology/competent-cells/)
Animal Tissue: Types and Structure (https://byjus.com/biology/animal-tissue-types/)
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is an animal cell?
As the name implies, an animal cell is a type of cell that is seen specifically in animal tissues. It is characterized by the absence
of a cell wall, with cell organelles enclosed within the cell membrane.
×
Name the cell organelle that contains the genetic material of the cell.
Nucleus

Which cell organelle is responsible for the generation of energy for cellular activities?
Mitochondria

Name the double-layered membrane responsible for enveloping the nucleus.


Nuclear envelope

What is the role of lysosomes?


Lysosomes help in digestion, excretion and cell renewal process.
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State the various types of animal cells.
Skin Cells
Muscle Cells
Blood Cells
Nerve cells
Fat Cells

Explain how an animal cell varies from a plant cell.


An animal cell is usually irregular and round in shape. This is primarily due to the absence of the cell wall, which is a
characteristic feature of plant cells. Furthermore, animal cells do not have plastids as animals are not autotrophs.

Name the selectively permeable structure that envelopes the entire cell.
Cell membrane

Which cell organelle is responsible for packing?


Golgi apparatus

Learn More through Quiz

Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Click ‘Start Quiz’ to begin!

Select the correct answer and click on the “Finish” button


Check your score and answers at the end of the quiz

Start Quiz

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Who discovered the cell

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Mentor FEBRUARY 19, 2020 AT 6:22 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-61642)

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Harshit APRIL 19, 2020 AT 4:34 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-78927)

Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665

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SHREEJA Bhatt JUNE 7, 2020 AT 8:37 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-101275)

Robert Hooke discovered the cell in between 1635 – 1703

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Are the cells of grooved brain corals (diploria labyrinthiformis) any different from normal animal cells?

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Casper JULY 20, 2020 AT 5:46 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-122557)


Grooved brain corals are marine invertebrates, hence, they share common characteristic features with animal cells. However, these organisms have
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Allemae SEPTEMBER 19, 2020 AT 2:43 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-163988)

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Allemae SEPTEMBER 19, 2020 AT 2:48 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-163993)

How do environmental toxins like lead and mercury affect the functions of the cell?

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Sam OCTOBER 12, 2020 AT 7:09 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-182156)

Many toxins work by hindering specific functions of the cell. For instance, cyanide disrupts the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells –
rendering the body unable to derive energy.

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Alad SEPTEMBER 19, 2020 AT 2:50 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-163994)

How did eukaryotes evolve?

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Amadeo SEPTEMBER 19, 2020 AT 2:51 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-163996)

What is the significance of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

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Neha OCTOBER 12, 2020 AT 7:02 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-182150)

Cellular processes become more effective due to compartmentalization.

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Aman SEPTEMBER 19, 2020 AT 2:52 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-163997)

Are all prokaryotic unicellular? Can they be multicellular?

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Shazia OCTOBER 12, 2020 AT 7:00 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-182147)
Prokaryotic organisms are always unicellular. However, there is evidence that some prokaryotic organisms such as cyanobacteria form large “colonies”.
Regardless, they are not classified as multicellular.

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Meet nayi SEPTEMBER 26, 2020 AT 9:25 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-169461)


×
Guys can please tell me whats the function of dna in animal cells?

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Ezekiel OCTOBER 12, 2020 AT 6:55 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-182139)

DNA is primarily tasked with storing information which it later uses to replicate.

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Joshua due
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OCTOBER 6, 2020 AT 4:59 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-176319)

Hahaha this animal cell discovered by theodor schwann and i think animal cells are related in the abiogenesis theory because cells are come from all living
things

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Floida OCTOBER 9, 2020 AT 4:17 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-178817)

In 8-10 sentences, differentiate the sebaceous from sweat glands in terms of structure, distribution, function, and secretion.

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Anju OCTOBER 9, 2020 AT 9:29 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-179041)

If the organisation of a cell is destroyed due to some physical or chemical influence, what will happen?

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James OCTOBER 12, 2020 AT 6:53 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-182135)

Cells dying in large numbers are never good for the body. For example, if a pathogen enters the body and starts producing toxins that destroy the red
blood cells, then the number of RBCs to transport oxygen decreases. This can then hamper other vital functions of the body.

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Alicia JANUARY 12, 2021 AT 2:59 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-247379)

Is there a vacuole in the animal cell

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Mentor FEBRUARY 8, 2021 AT 4:32 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-266871)

Yes, vacuoles are present in animal cells, but they are smaller than plant cells.

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Alicia JANUARY 12, 2021 AT 3:04 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-247382)

Can the paramecium be regarded as a plant

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Mentor FEBRUARY 8, 2021 AT 4:21 PM (HTTPS://BYJUS.COM/BIOLOGY/ANIMAL-CELL/#COMMENT-266861)

No, paramecium is a unicellular, cilliated protozoan and is heterotroph. It belongs to the kingdom Protista.

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