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0 Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Sector and Segment of a circle
 Lesson 1: Tangent and Secant of a Circle

Learning Competencies: Illustrate secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle

(MA10GE –IIe-1)
Proves theorems on secants, tangents, and segments
(M10GE-IIe-f-1)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 identify the tangents and secants of circles.
 find the area of a sector and area of a segment of a circle
 prove theorems related to tangents and secants using the two-column proof.

What is it
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one point.
The point of intersection of the line and the circle is called point of tangency.
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains a chord of a circle.

In the figure shown, C is the center of the circle.

⃡ , ⃡𝐴𝐷 and, ⃡𝐴𝐸 intersect circle C at two points.
Lines 𝐷𝐹
These are called secant lines.

Line, ⃡𝐵𝐺 intersects the circle at exactly one point.

It is the tangent line.

Several angles formed having A, C, D and G as the vertices

What’s More
Directions: In the figure below, ⃡𝐾𝐿 , ⃡𝐾𝑁 , ⃡𝑀𝑃, and ⃡𝑀𝐿 intersect at ⨀ Q at some points. Use the figure to
answer the following questions.
1. Which lines are tangent to the circle? Why?
2. Which lines are secants? Why?
3. At what points does each secant intersect the circle?
How about the tangents?
4. Which angles are formed by two secant lines? Two tangents?
A tangent and a secant?
5. Name all the intercepted arcs in the figure.
Which angles intercept each of these arcs?
6. Suppose m∠ KOM = 50 and m∠ KQM = 130, what is
m∠ KLM equal to? How about m 𝑁𝑃 ̂ ?

Lesson 2: Sector and Segment of a Circle

What is it

A sector of a circle is the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the
endpoints of the arc. To find the area of a sector of a circle, get the product of the ratio
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄
and the area of the circle.
𝟑𝟔𝟎

3
Example: The radius of ⊙C is 10 cm. If m𝐴𝐵 ̂ = 60, what is the area of sector ACB?
Solution: To find the area of sector ACB:
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
a. Determine first the ratio .
360
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐 60 1
= =
360 360 6
b. Find the area (A) of the circle using the equation A = 𝜋r2, where r is the length of the radius.
A = 𝜋r2
A = 𝜋(10cm)2
A = 100𝜋cm2
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑐
c. Get the product of the ratio and the area of the circle.
360
1
Area of sector ACB = ( )(100𝜋 cm2)
6
50𝜋
= cm2
3
50𝜋
Therefore the area of sector ACB is cm2.
3

A segment of a circle is the region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its endpoints.
Example:
The shaded region in the figure below is a segment of ⊙T.
̂ and ̅̅̅̅
It is the region bounded by 𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑄 .
Solution: To find the area of the shaded segment in the figure, subtract
the area of triangle PTQ from the area of sector PTQ. If
̂ = 90 and the radius of the circle is 5cm, then the area
m𝑃𝑄
of sector PTQ is one-fourth of the area of the whole circle.
That is,
1
Area of sector PTQ = ( )(5cm2)𝜋
4

1
= ( )(25cm2)𝜋
4

25
Area of sector PTQ = 𝜋cm2
4
1 25
In the same figure, the area of ∆PTQ = (5cm)(5cm) or ∆PTQ = cm2
2 2
25 25
The area of the shaded segment, then, is equal to 𝜋- cm2 which is approximately 7.135cm2
4 2

What’s More
Directions: Find the area of the shaded region of each circle.

1. 2. 3.

Lesson 3: Theorems on Tangents and Secants

What is it
A tangent segment is a segment of a tangent line whose endpoints are the point of tangency and
any other point on the tangent line.

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Two Tangent Theorem: The two tangent segments to a circle from a point on the exterior are congruent
and determine congruent angle with segment from the exterior point to the center.

Given: Circle with center A and a point Q on the exterior of the circle.
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ are tangent to the circle at H and K,
𝑄𝐻 and𝑄𝐾
Prove: QH = QK and ∠𝐴𝑄𝐻 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑄𝐾

Proof: REASON
STATEMENT
QH = QK H and K are on the circle
AQ = AQ Reflexive Property
∠𝐻 and ∠𝑄 are right Every line tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius to the
angles point of tangency
∆𝐴𝑄𝐻 = ∆𝐴𝑄𝐾 HL Theorem
QH = QK
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent
∠𝐴𝑄𝐻 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑄𝐾

Tangent-Secant Theorem: An angle formed by a tangent and a secant intersecting outside the circle is
half the difference of the measures of the intercepted arcs.

If a secant and a tangent intersect at the Point of tangency, then the measure of each angle formed is
one-half the measure of its intercepted arc. K

Given: ⃡𝑀𝑃and ⃡𝐿𝑁 are secant and tangent, respectively, and

intersect at ⊙O at the point of tangency, M.
1
Prove : m∠𝑁𝑀𝑃 = (𝑚𝑀𝑃 ̂ ) and
2
1
m∠𝐿𝑀𝑃 = (𝑚𝑀𝐾𝑃 ̂)
2

STATEMENT REASON

̂ The measure of central angle is equal to the measure of

m∠MOP = m𝑀𝑃
intercepted arc.

m∠NMP + m∠OMP = 90º The sum of the measures of complementary angle is 90º.

m∠OMP + m∠OPM+ m∠MOP = 180º The sum of the measures of a triangle is 180º.

m∠MOP = 2X Addition Property

̂ = 2𝑥
m𝑀𝑃 Transitive Property

̂ = 2(m∠NMP)
m𝑀𝑃 Substitution

̂)
m∠NMP= ½ (m𝑀𝑃 Multiplication Property

̂ + m𝑀𝐾𝑃
m𝑀𝑃 ̂ = 360º The degree measure of a circle is 360º.

̂ = 360 − 2𝑥
m𝑀𝐾𝑃 By Substitution and subtraction

̂ = 2(180 – x)
m𝑀𝐾𝑃 By Factoring

m∠LMP = 90 + 90 – x or Angle Addition Postulate

m∠LMP = 180 – x
̂ = 2 (m∠LMP)
m𝑀𝐾𝑃 Substitution

̂)
m∠LMP = ½ (m𝑀𝐾𝑃 Multiplication Property

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 What’s More
Directions: Directions: Show a proof of the following theorem involving tangents.
1. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle then the two segments are
congruent.

̅̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅

Given: 𝐸𝑀 𝐸𝐿 are tangent to ⊙S at M and L, respectively.
̅̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐸𝑀 ≅ 𝐸𝐿 ̅̅̅̅
To prove: Draw ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆, ̅̅̅
𝐿𝑆 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆

STATEMENT REASON
Radii of the same circle are congruent
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐿 ⊥ ̅̅̅
𝐿𝑆 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑀 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑆
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆
∆ESM ≅ ∆𝐸𝑆𝐿
CPCTC

2. Given: ⃡𝐾𝐿 is tangent to ⊙ O at K.

⃡ is a secant that passes through ⊙ O at M and N.
𝑁𝐿
⃡𝐾𝐿 and ⃡𝑁𝐿 intersect at the exterior point L.
1
Prove: m∠𝐾𝐿𝑁 = |𝑚𝑁𝑃𝐾 ̂ − 𝑚𝑀𝐾 ̂|
2
Proof:
STATEMENT REASON
m∠NMK = 12(𝑚𝑁𝑃𝐾)
The measure of the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of
the measures of its remote interior angles.

̂
m∠𝐾𝑂𝑀 = m𝐾𝑀
m∠MKL+m∠MKO= 90º
The sum of the measures of the interior angle of a triangle is 180º.
m∠KOM = 2X
̂ = 2X
m𝐾𝑀
Multiplication Property
By Substitution
By Substitution

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 Assessment

Directions: Read and understand each questions/problems below. Write the letter of the correct
answer on your answer sheet. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Which of the following is true about a tangent to a circle?

A. A set of all points that are of the same distance from a fixed point in a plane
B. The point of intersection of the line and the circle
C. A line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one point
D. A line that intersects the circle at exactly two points.
2. What do you call a line that intersect the circle at exactly two points?
A. tangent B. secant C. point of tangency D. segment

3. Of the figure at the right, which of the following is tangent to ⊙A?

⃡
A. 𝐻𝐶 ⃡
C. 𝐷𝐶
⃡
B. 𝐽𝐷 D. ⃡𝐻𝐽
4. Which two secant lines of ⊙A intersect the circle at point D?
⃡ and 𝐽𝐷
A. 𝐻𝐽 ⃡ ⃡ and 𝐷𝐶
C. 𝐻𝐽 ⃡
⃡ ⃡
B. 𝐻𝐽 and 𝐻𝐶 D. 𝐷𝐶 and ⃡𝐽𝐷
⃡
5. Using the same figure, what point is the point of tangency?
A. F B. G C. B D. C
6. Which of the following best describe a sector of a circle?
A. A line coplanar with the circle and intersects it in one and only one point
B. A line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant contains a chord of a circle
C. The region bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the endpoints of the arc
D. The region bounded by an arc and the segment joining its endpoints.
7. What theorem states that “two tangent segments to a circle from a point on the exterior are
congruent”?
A. Inscribed Angle Theorem C. Two Tangent Theorem
B. Central Angle Theorem D. Tangent-Secant Theorem
For item # 8 – 9:
The top view of a circular table shown at the right has a radius of 120 cm.
8. Which of the following could be the area of the sector of the table determined
by a 60 arc.
A. 2 400 𝜋 cm2 C. 3 600√3 𝜋 cm2
2
B. (2 400 𝜋 − 3 600√3 ) cm D. (14 00 𝜋 − 3 600√3 ) cm2
9. How about the area of the smaller segment of the table (the shaded region)?
A. 2 400 𝜋 cm2 C. 3 600√3 𝜋 cm2
B. (2 400 𝜋 − 3 600√3 ) cm2 D. (14 00 𝜋 − 3 600√3 ) cm2

10. A dart board has a diameter of 40 cm and is divided into 20 congruent sectors. What is the area
of one of the sectors?
A. 20𝜋 cm2 B. 40𝜋 cm2 C. 80𝜋 cm2 D. 800𝜋 cm2

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 Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 2 – Module 5
Lesson 1
What’s More
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

Lesson 3
What’s More
1. 2. 3.

Lesson 3
What’s More
A. STATEMENT REASON
Radii of the same circle are congruent
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝑀
𝐸𝐿 ⊥ 𝐿𝑆 ̅̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝑀𝑆
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑆
∆ESM ≅ ∆𝐸𝑆𝐿
CPCTC

B. STATEMENT REASON
1
m∠NMK = (𝑚𝑁𝑃𝐾)
2

The measure of the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to

the sum of the measures of its remote interior angles.
̂
m∠𝐾𝑂𝑀 = m𝐾𝑀

m∠MKL+m∠MKO= 90º
The sum of the measures of the interior angle of a triangle
is 180º.
m∠KOM = 2X
̂ = 2X
m𝐾𝑀
Multiplication Property

By Substitution

By Substitution

Assessment
1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
2. 4. 6. 8. 10.