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Engr. Ernesto C. Prudenciado JR

This document provides instruction for a self-directed learning module on structural theory for civil engineering students. It outlines three learning outcomes related to determining structural determinacy, calculating internal member stresses, and choosing appropriate analytical models. The module then covers beams, including their applications, equilibrium equations, and examples analyzing a three-member frame. Exercises are provided to solidify the concepts along with references for additional study.

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Gleanna Niedo
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63 views

Engr. Ernesto C. Prudenciado JR

This document provides instruction for a self-directed learning module on structural theory for civil engineering students. It outlines three learning outcomes related to determining structural determinacy, calculating internal member stresses, and choosing appropriate analytical models. The module then covers beams, including their applications, equilibrium equations, and examples analyzing a three-member frame. Exercises are provided to solidify the concepts along with references for additional study.

Uploaded by

Gleanna Niedo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR. ERNESTO C. PRUDENCIADO JR.

Samar State University | College of Engineering


BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

CE 9 – STRUCTURAL THEORY

Instruction to learners:

You are to undergo a self-directed learning using this module and a copy of a reference book
in digital form. If by any means you have an access to internet, it is encouraged that you visit
your accounts for additional resources. After you studied you are to answer the problem sets
and the individual activities asked from you (see assessment section of the module). You can
take the assessment and submit the class requirements online or through hard copies to the
LGU links. Be aware of the deadline of submissions of the said documents, online or not. Late
submissions will affect your grade.

More than the ratings, it is our hope that you learn for your future. It’s okay to ask help from
anyone (no one would know) but do not compromise the chance to learn the lessons. By
copying without learning, it is you who will be affected.

2.0

UNIT 2: Analysis for external reactions and internal stress resultants of statically
determinate structures

2.1 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this chapter the student is expected to:

1. Determine the state of static and kinematic determinacy and stability of structural
systems, externally and internally;

2. Calculate the internal stresses of specific member on different structures.

3. Determine the importance of choosing an appropriate analytical model for a


structure so that the forces in the structure may be determined with reasonable
accuracy.

2.2 Beam

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's axis.
Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result
in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the
beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce
internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their

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Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), equilibrium conditions, length, and their
material.
Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering structural elements, but
any structures such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft components, machine frames,
and other mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures that are designed to
carry lateral loads are analyzed in a similar fashion.

2.2.1 Applications of Equations of Equilibrium


Occasionally, the members of a structure are connected together in such a way that the
joints can be assumed as pins. Building frames and trusses are typical examples that are
often constructed in this manner. Provided a pin-connected coplanar structure is properly
constrained and contains no more supports or members than are necessary to prevent
collapse, the forces acting at the joints and supports can be determined by applying the
three equations of equilibrium (∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0, ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0, ∑ 𝑀𝑜 = 0) to each member.
Understandably, once the forces at the joints are obtained, the size of the members,
connections, and supports can then be determined on the basis of design code
specifications.
To illustrate the method of force analysis, consider the three-member frame shown in Fig. 2–
26a, which is subjected to loads P1 and P2. The free-body diagrams of each member are
shown in Fig. 2–26b. In total there are nine unknowns; however, nine equations of equilibrium
can be written, three for each member, so the problem is statically determinate. For the
actual solution it is also possible, and sometimes convenient, to consider a portion of the
frame or its entirety when applying some of these nine equations. For example, a free-body
diagram of the entire frame is shown in Fig. 2–26c. One could determine the three reactions
Ax, Ay and Cx on this “rigid” pin-connected system, then analyze any two of its members, Fig.
2–26b, to obtain the other six unknowns. Furthermore, the answers can be checked in part by
applying the three equations of equilibrium to the remaining “third” member. To summarize,
this problem can be solved by writing at most nine equilibrium equations using free-body
diagrams of any members and/or combinations of connected members. Any more than
nine equations written would not be unique from the original nine and would only serve to
check the results.

2|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

3|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

4|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

EXERCISES

5|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

6|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

7|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

Reference:

1. Hibbeler R.C., Structural Analysis, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey,
2012.
2. Hibbeler R.C., Structural Analysis, 9th Edition in S.I units, Pearson Prentice
Hall @ 2015
3. Kassimali, Aslam, Structural Analysis 4th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2011.
4. National Structural Code of the Philippines, 7th ed. Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines, Manila 2015 by Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines.

8|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.
Samar State University | College of Engineering
BS Civil Engineering
Module for: CE 514S (Structural Steel Design)

9|P a g e
Learning Packet 1 of 4
This learning material is not for sale and was produced for SSU College of Engineering use only.

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