STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS

1. Which of the following statements is true for epithelial

tissue?
(A) They arise only from the ectoderm.
(B) Their free surface either faces a body fluid or the
outside environment.
(C) They have large amount of intercellular matrix.
(D) They are incapable of performing absorptive functions.

2. The tissue depicted in the following diagram is

(A) Cartilage present in the ends of long bones

(B) Dense regular connective present in the tendons
(C) Dense irregular connective tissue present in the skin
(D) Loose connective tissue found in the capsule of
abdominal organs

3. A bone formed by the ossification within a tendon is

(A) patella, a type of sesamoid bone
(B) rib, a type of investing bone
(C) parietal bone of skull, a type of dermal bone
(D) femur, a type of cartilaginous bone
1
4. Difference between tendon and ligament is that
(A) Tendon is dense regular connective tissue with mainly
collagen fibres while ligament is dense irregular
connective tissue with mainly elastin fibres.
(B) Tendon is dense irregular connective tissue with mainly
collagen fibres while ligament is dense 0.regular
connective tissue with mainly elastin fibres.
(C) Tendon is dense regular connective tissue with mainly
collagen fibres while ligament is dense regular
connective tissue with mainly elastin fibres.
(D) Tendon is dense irregular connective tissue with mainly
collagen fibres while ligament is dense irregular
connective tissue with mainly elastin fibres.

5. Which one of the following properties is found in all

connective tissues?
(A) All connective tissues have either collagen fibres or
elastin fibres or both.
(B) All connective tissues have either collagen fibres or
elastin fibres but never both.
(C) All connective tissues have matrix made up of modified
polysaccharides.
(D) All connective tissues have cells which perform
phagocytosis.

2
6. Identify the given diagram correctly:

(A) Ciliated epithelium

(B) Compound epithelium
(C) Unicellular glandular epithelium
(D) Multicellular glandular epithelium

7. Decalcified and dried bone differ from normal bone as

(A) Decalcified bone is more rigid than, while dried bone is
more flexible than normal bone.
(B) Decalcified bone is more flexible than, while dried
bone is more rigid than normal bone.
(C) Both decalcified bone and dried bone are more flexible
than normal bone.
(D) Both decalcified bone and dried bone are more rigid
than normal bone.

8. The type of cell junction which facilitates cells to

communicate with each other is
(A) Gap junction (B) Tight junction
(C) Adhering junction (D) Hemidesmosomes

3
9. The noncellular basement membrane of epithelium is
secreted by
(A) Epithelium (B) Connective tissue
(C) Both of these (D) None of these

10. Choose the correct statement from the following.

(A) Each lacuna has fine cytoplasmic extensions called
lamellae which pass through canaliculi.
(B) The structural unit of a bone is Haversian system.
(C) Haversian system contains artery, vein and lymph
vessels only.
(D) Lacunae containing osteocytes are arranged
concentrically around the Volkmann’s canal.

11. Exchange of nutrients between chondrocytes and matrix

occurs by
(A) Facilitated diffusion (B) Osmosis
(C) Simple diffusion (D) Filtration

12. On the basis of the mode of pouring of their secretions,

glands are classified as
(A) Exocrine and Heterocrine
(B) Apocrine and Holocrine
(C) Exocrine and Endocrine
(D) Endocrine and Apocrine

4
13. Choose the correct statement from the following.
(A) The main function of squamous tissue is secretion and
absorption.
(B) Proximal convoluted tube of nephron has epithelium
with cilia.
(C) Formation of diffusion boundary is the main function
of columnar tissue.
(D) Squamous tissue has irregular boundaries.

14. A patient is suffering from anaemia but has normal iron in

his blood. The doctor suspect that there is some fault in the
process of formation of RBCs. He ordered for biopsy of a
tissue present within the
(A) sternum or breast bone
(B) shaft of humerus (bone of the upper arm)
(C) shaft of femur (thigh bone)
(D) inter-vertebral disc

5
15. Identify A and B in the following.

(A) A- osteocyte, B-Collagen

(B) A-microtubule, B-osteocyte
(C) A-chondrocyte, B-collagen
(D) A-collagen, B-chondrocyte

16. How many of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. Glandular epithelium may be unicellular or multicellular.
2. Salivary glands have multicellular glandular epithelium.
3. Products of exocrine glands bathe the gland.
4. Compound epithelium has a major role in secretion and
absorption.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

17. Identify the following epithelia.

(A) A-squamous, B- cuboidal, C-ciliated cuboidal

(B) A-squamous, B-cuboidal, C-ciliated columnar
(C) A-cuboidal, B-squamous, C-ciliated columnar
(D) A-cuboidal, B-squamous, C-ciliated cuboidal
6
18. The ciliated columnar epithelium is seen in
(A) Glandular ducts, Fallopian tubes
(B) Fallopian tubes, bronchioles
(C) Air sacs of lungs, tubular part of nephrons
(D) Air sacs of lungs, bronchioles

19. Identify the following tissue and its function.

(A) Unilocular brown adipose tissue found in infants.

(B) Multilocular brown adipose tissue found in infants.
(C) Unilocular white adipose tissue found in adults.
(D) Multilocular white adipose tissue found in adults.

20. Choose the fabricated statement from the following.

(A) Epithelial tissue has nerve supply of its own.
(B) Epithelial tissue has vascular supply of its own.
(C) Epithelial tissue can self renew and repair.
(D) Simple epithelium can function for osmosis and
filtration.

7
21. Pseudo-stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium is
commonly associated with
(A) Digestive system (B) Respiratory system
(C) Excretory system (D) Reproductive system

22. How many of the following statements are correct?

(1) Epithelial tissue imparts protection from mechanical
injury.
(2) Modified epithelial cells are useful in metabolic
activities.
(3) Modified epithelial cells carry out absorption.
(4) Epithelial cells remove excess toxins from the body.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

23. Choose the correct statement from the following.

(A) Areolar connective tissue is found below the skin,
muscles and bones.
(B) The extracellular ground substance of the areolar
connective tissue is made up of melanin.
(C) White fibres of areolar connective tissue are branched,
wavy and arranged in bundles.
(D) Fibroblasts exclusively secrete the yellow fibres in
areolar tissue.

8
24. How many of the following have hyaline cartilage?
Ends of long bone, larynx, trachea, pubic symphysis, foetal
skeleton, bronchial tree
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

25. Moist surface of buccal cavity show _____epithelium.

(A) unicellular glandular (B) multicellular glandular
(C) compound (D) squamous

26. The germ layer which forms maximum types of tissues is

(A) ectoderm (B) mesoderm (C) endoderm (D) mesoglea

27. The correct statement about microvilli and cilia is

(A) Columnar cells may have microvilli or cilia but
cuboidal cells may have only microvilli.
(B) Cuboidal cells may have microvilli or cilia but
columnar cells may have only microvilli.
(C) Cuboidal cells may have microvilli or cilia but
columnar cells may have only cilia.
(D) Both cuboidal cells and columnar cells may have
microvilli or cilia.

28. The epithelium having maximum ability to stretch is

present in lining of
(A) Digestive system
(B) Respiratory system
9
 (C) Excretory system
(D) Reproductive system

29. The kind of tissue found at the tip of the nose is also found
in
(A) ear ossicles (B) external ears
(C) nails (D) phalanges

30. The correct statement about endocrine and exocrine glands

is
(A) Exocrine glands are merocrine while endocrine glands
are apocrine
(B) Endocrine glands are merocrine while exocrine glands
may be apocrine or holocrine
(C) Endocrine glands are merocrine while exocrine glands
may be apocrine, merocrine and holocrine
(D) Exocrine glands are merocrine while endocrine glands
may be apocrine, merocrine and holocrine.

31. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

(A) Blood-Helps in transport various substances
(B) Tendons-Connects bone to bone
(C) Adipose tissue-Loose connective tissue
(D) Cartilage-Present in limbs and hands of adults.

10
32. In columnar epithelium, nuclei are located
(A) At the base (B) In the centre
(C) Near the apex (D) None of these

33. Which of the following are exocrine glands?

(i) Salivary glands (ii) Thyroid gland
(iii) Intestinal glands (iv) Sebaceous glands
(A) i & ii (B) i, iii & iv (C) i & iii (D) ii & iii

34. Read the following statement. Which amongst them are

correct?
I. The most abundant cells of areolar connective tissue
produce its matrix.
II. All solid connective tissues are vascular except bone.
III. The bone present in the epiphysis of long bones in
mammals has matrix arranged in concentric layers called
lamellae.
IV. Sterocilia is structurally more similar to microvilli than
kinocilia.
(A) I and IV (B) II and III
(C) I, II and III (D) I, II, III and IV

35. Fill in the blanks A, B, C and D with the correct choice of

words.
Osteocytes are present in spaces called (A). (B) gives
strength to bones.
11
 Most (C) in vertebrate embryos are replaced by the (D) in
adults.
(A) A-cavities, B-phosphorous, C-tissue, D-cells
(B) A- lacunae, B-collagen fibres, C-cartilage, D-bones
(C) A-lacunae, B-potassium salts, C-bone, D-cartilage
(D) A-air sacs, B-iron, C-cells, D-tissue

36. What is true with regards to cell- cell junctions?

(A) Adhering junctions check the flow of materials between
the cells.
(B) Cementing is card ied out by gap junctions.
(C) Gap functions, also called desmosomes facilitate
communication by slow transfer of ions.
(D) Sometimes gap junctions connect cytoplasm of
adjoining cells for rapid transfer of big molecules.

37. Choose the correct statement about stratum germinativum.

(A) Stratum germinativum is based on basement
membrane.
(B) Stratum germinativum cannot divide and redivide.
(C) Stratum germinativum is an intermediate layer.
(D) Stratum germinativum is a layer of glandular
epithelium.

12
38. A coolie carries a large amount of weight on his head while
transporting the luggage of passengers from the train to
their vehicle. Which connective tissue helps him sustain the
compression between his tibia and femur?
(A) ligament (B) tendon (C) cartilage (D) adipose

39. If ligaments are damaged beyond repair, which of the

following will occur?
(A) The joint will become immovable.
(B) The amount of fluid in the joint will reduce.
(C) Bones will move freely at the joints.
(D) Bones will become frozen.

40. Choose the statement from the following which isn’t

untrue.
(A) Peritoneum of coelom is made of cells with basal
nucleus.
(B) Thyroid gland has cells with centrally placed spherical
nucleus.
(C) Intestinal cells have basal round nucleus.
(D) Fallopian tube cells have centrally placed elliptical or
oval nucleus.

13
41. Choose the correct pair of epithelium and its location.
Epithelium Location
(A) Pavement Endothelium
(B) Columnar Kidney
(C) Ciliated columnar Fallopian tubes in invertebrates
(D) Non-ciliated columnar Thyroid gland

42. Identify the functions of A, B and C and D in the given

diagram.

A B C D
(A) Phagocytosis of Formation of Providing Secretes
microbes inter cellular rigidity to histamine for
matrix the tissue inflammation
(B) Formation of Formation of Providing Secretion of an
inter cellular different elasticity to anti-coagulant
matrix proteinaceous the tissue heparin.
fibres
(C) Phagocytosis of Formation of Providing Formation of
microbes different tensile inter cellular
proteinaceous strength to matrix
fibres tissue

14
 (D) Formation of Phagocytosis of Providing Secretes
proteinaceous microbes rigidity to histamine for
fibres the tissue inflammation

43. Inner lining of salivary duct, pancreatic ducts shows ___

epithelium and ___ epithelium respectively.
(A) cuboidal, compound (B) compound, compound
(C) cuboidal, cuboidal (D) columnar, compound

44. Which of the following are true statements?

1. Connective tissues are called thus because they link and
support tissues and organs of the body.
2. All specialized types of connective tissues secrete fibres
of structural proteins.
3. The ground substance contains modified
polysaccharides.
4. Loose connective tissues have cells and fibres arranged
in fluid ground substance.
(A) 1, 3 (B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 3 and 4

45. Goblet cells are present lining the

(A) respiratory tract
(B) respiratory tract and reproductive tract
(C) respiratory tract, reproductive tract and urinary tract

15
 (D) respiratory tract, reproductive tract, urinary tract and
digestive tract

ANSWERS
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C)
5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A)
9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C)
13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (B)
17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (B)
21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (C)
25. (C) 26. (B) 27. (D) 28. (C)
29. (B) 30. (C) 31. (B) 32. (A)
33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (B) 36. (D)
37. (A) 38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (B)
41. (A) 42. (A) 43. (B) 44. (A)
45. (D)

SOLUTIONS
1. Epithelium arises from ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm.
They have minimal matrix and help in
absorption as they can possess microvilli at its free surface.
5. Blood is a connective tissue but has no fibres.
6. Goblet cell is mucus secreting unicellular glandular
epithelium.
8. Gap junction allows exchange of cytoplasm between
adjacent cells.
16
9. Epithelial cells secrete mucopolysaccharides and
connective tissue secretes collagen fibers that together
constitute basement membrane.
12. Endocrine (ductless) and exocrine (with ducts).
13. Proximal convoluted tube of nephron has epithelium with
microvilli. The main function of squamous tissue is
diffusion & filtration. Formation of diffusion boundary is
main function of squamous tissue.
14. Production of blood cells takes place in the red bone
marrow which present in spongy bones. Sternum is made
up of spongy bone.
16. Products of endocrine glands bathe the gland and main
function of compound epithelium is protection.
20. Epithelial tissue is avascular.
24. Hyaline cartilage is present in ends of long bone, trachea,
foetal skeleton and bronchial tree
26. Mesoderm forms muscular, connective and epithelial
tissue.
28. Urothelium or Transitional epithelium has maximum ability
to stretch.
33. Exocrine glands have ducts. Salivary glands, Intestinal
glands and Sebaceous glands have ducts.
34. All solid connective tissues are vascular except cartilage.
The bone present in the diaphysis of long bones in
mammals has matrix arranged in concentric layers called
lamellae.
17
36. Tight junctions prevent substances from leaking into a
tissue. Adherence junctions perform cementing to hold
neighbouring cells together. Gap junctions connect cells to
communicate with each other for rapid transfer of ions,
small molecules, and sometimes larger molecules.
39. Ligaments prevent dislocation of a joint. Damage to
ligament will cause dislocation.
40. Peritoneum has squamous epithelium. Thyroid gland has
cuboidal epithelium with centrally placed spherical
nucleus. Intestinal cells are columnar with basal oval
nucleus. Fallopian tubes have cuboidal epithelium with
centrally placed spherical nucleus.

18