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12.2 Petroleum Amd Alkanes Test Mark Scheme 1.: 12.2 Assessed HW MS

This document contains the mark scheme for a test on petroleum and alkanes. [1] It evaluates students' understanding of fractionation of crude oil in a distillation tower to separate components by boiling point. Fractions include gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil which are used in vehicles, lorries, trains and jet engines. [2] Questions assess cracking of larger alkanes to meet supply shortfalls. Motor fuels, aromatics, and branched or cyclic alkanes can be produced. Catalytic cracking uses zeolites at high temperatures and pressures. Equations represent reactions. [3] Pollutants from combustion are identified as CO, NOx

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102 views

12.2 Petroleum Amd Alkanes Test Mark Scheme 1.: 12.2 Assessed HW MS

This document contains the mark scheme for a test on petroleum and alkanes. [1] It evaluates students' understanding of fractionation of crude oil in a distillation tower to separate components by boiling point. Fractions include gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil which are used in vehicles, lorries, trains and jet engines. [2] Questions assess cracking of larger alkanes to meet supply shortfalls. Motor fuels, aromatics, and branched or cyclic alkanes can be produced. Catalytic cracking uses zeolites at high temperatures and pressures. Equations represent reactions. [3] Pollutants from combustion are identified as CO, NOx

Uploaded by

mj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12.

2 Assessed HW MS

12.2 PETROLEUM AMD ALKANES TEST MARK SCHEME


1. (a) (i) (group of molecules) with similar bp/chain length/size (1)
(ii) Crude oil is heated to vaporise it / oil vaporised (1)
(Vapour passed into fractionating) tower / column (1)
Top of tower cooler than bottom
or negative temperature gradient (1)
fractions separated by b.p
OR condensed at different temperatures OR levels
OR low boiling fractions at the top
OR at the top small molecules or light components (1) max 3 4
(b) gasolene, kerosine, gas oil (1)
lorries, trains (1)
jet engines (1) 3
(c) (i) kerosine (paraffin) / naptha / gasoline (petrol) /LPG (1)
smaller molecules or lower bp (1)
17CO  18H O
(ii) C17H36 + 26O2     2    2

(1) (1) 4
(d) C7H16 + 11O2  7CO2 + 8H2O
(1) eqn (1) 2

[13]
2. (a) (i) Identify shortfall in supply - e.g. petrol / small molecules (1)
Higher value products OR more useful products (1)
OR cracking produces more of material (problem solving)

(ii) Motor fuels


Aromatic hydrocarbons
Branched alkanes / hydrocarbons
Cycloalkanes
Any two (2)
Ignore specific fractions, alkanes, shorter alkanes, penalise alkenes, and
hydrogen 4

(b) Catalyst: Zeolite / aluminosilicate (1)


Conditions: High temp OR around 450 °C [300 – 600] °C NOT heat / warm (1)
Slight pressure [ 1 atm  10 atm OR 1 megaPa, 1000 kPa] (1)
NOT high pressure 3

(c) (i) fractional distillation (1)


(ii) C9H2O  CH4 + 2C2H4 + C4H8 (1)
(1) 3
(d) C17H36  C8H18 + C3H6 + 3C2H4 } (1)
or 2C17H36  2C8H18 + 4C3H6 + 3C2H4} 1
(e) C8H18 (1)

[12]

Mill Hill High School 1


12.2 Assessed HW MS

3. pollutants: CO (1)
NO or NO2 (1)
unburned hydrocarbons (1)
CO from incomplete combustion (1)
eg C8H18 + 8 ½ O2  8CO + 9H2O (eqn 1)
NO from N2 + O2  2NO (1)
spark (1) max 7
removal: reaction between NOx and CO or CxHy
to form harmless products (1)
eqn : 2NO + 2CO  N2 + 2CO2 (2)
C8H18 + 25NO  8CO2 + 9H2O + 12½N2 (2)
one of Pt/Rh/Pd catalyst (1) max 5
[12]

Mill Hill High School 2

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