Final Report

On

Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at

Talchikhel, Satdobato.

Kathmandu, January 2019

Submitted By:
N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Tel: -01-5188368
E-maill: [email protected]
Field Supported By:
S.R. Engineering & Exploration Pvt. Ltd.
Balaju, Machapokhari
Tel: 01-4361698
E-mail: [email protected]
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Acknowledgement

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd. is very much grateful for entrusting this job of
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato to revel the facts and figures relating to
the sub-soil of building foundation for the stability and safety of foundation and super structure.
We hope this report will bring some useful parameters about the soil condition of the proposed
Building. This report shall also be useful in determining the depth and size of the foundation and
corresponding bearing capacity.

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................... I

1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1

2.0 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 1

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK ....................................................................................................... 1

4.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SEISMICITY ............................... 1

4.1 General Geology and Geomorphology ........................................................................................ 1
4.2 Seismicity........................................................................................................................................ 2
4.2.1 Plate Tectonic Concept....................................................................................................... 4
4.2.2 Earthquakes ........................................................................................................................ 5
5.0 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 6
5.1 Field Work Procedure................................................................................................................... 6
5.1.1 In-situ Tests ........................................................................................................................ 6
5.1.2 Sampling............................................................................................................................. 7
5.2 Laboratory Tests ........................................................................................................................... 7
6.0 OBSERVATION AND RESULTS ................................................................................. 8
6.1 Field Investigation Results ............................................................................................................ 8
6.1.1 Strata .................................................................................................................................. 8
6.1.2 Ground Water Table ........................................................................................................... 8
6.1.3 Field Tests .......................................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Laboratory Investigation Results............................................................................................... 10
6.2.1 Index Properties................................................................................................................ 10
7.0 BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 10
7.1 Allowable Bearing Pressure ....................................................................................................... 10
7.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity ....................................................................................................... 10
7.3 Analysis of the Results ................................................................................................................ 12
8.0 LIQUEFACTION ......................................................................................................... 14

9.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................... 16

10.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 17

ANNEXES
Annex-A: Borehole Logs (Drilling)
Annex-B: Test Results Summary Sheets
Annex-C: Laboratory Test Results
Annex-D: Photographs

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
1.0 Introduction
This report presents the results of Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato. The
report covers the information on the general engineering characteristics of the subsoil as revealed by
the soil investigation work as well as the allowable bearing capacity for the proposed foundation based
on the soil data obtained from the field and laboratory tests.
One borehole was drilled at a proposed site up to the depth of 25m. Drilling was commenced on 15th
Magh 2076 and was completed on 16th Magh 2076.

2.0 Objectives
The main objective of this investigation is to explore geotechnical characteristics of the sub–soil strata,
i. to assess the engineering properties of the sub-soil
ii. to confirm the designed value of bearing capacity of the ground strata during design of
foundation, and
iii. to confirm the design parameters to be used during the detailed design of the foundation for the
proposed Building .

3.0 Scope of work

The scope of work includes drilling of three boreholes, each of 25m deep, along with standard
penetration test, dynamic cone penetration test, retrieving samples from the boreholes and evaluation
of allowable bearing capacity of the foundation based on field and laboratory tests.

4.0 General Geology, Geomorphology and Seismicity

4.1 General Geology and Geomorphology
The site is located at Kathmandu Valley which is a part of the Lesser Himalaya. The Kathmandu
valley lies on the Kathmandu Nappe, which consists of metamorphic Nappe and overlying
fossiliferous Tethyan sediments, both belonging to the Kathmandu Complex. This Nappe is composed
of shivapuri gneiss and granite injection and schistose rocks and marble of Bhimphedi Group. The
Northern slope of Kathmandu valley is mainly composed of gneiss, schist, and granite. The
Kathmandu valley is filled up with the late Pliocene to Pleistocene thick basin-fill sediments. Based on
the gravity measurement in the Kathmandu valley, Moribyashi and Mauro (1980) estimated the
maximum thickness of the basin-fill sediments to be 650 m. In the north side of the dominantly of the
lacustrine deposit formed by the mechanical and chemical weathering of the rocks surrounding the
adjoining hills of the valley.

Map No. 1: Generalized cross section of Himalaya (modified after Dahal 2006)

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report

4.2 Seismicity
Nepal Himalaya is considered to be located in seismically active zone. There had many earthquakes
with epicenter located within the region. The most renowned earthquakes are 1934 Nepal-Bihar
Earthquake and 1987 Nepal Earthquake which has intensity of 8.2 and 7.2 in Richter scale
respectively. They had caused uncountable number of damages. The recently occur in April 2015
Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) with a magnitude of 7.8 and its epicenter
was east of Gorkha District at Barpak, Gorkha, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately
8.2 km (5.1 m) and then Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal at the intervals of 15–20
minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April. It was the worst natural disaster to
strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. According to the USGS, the earthquake was
caused by a sudden thrust, or release of built-up stress, along the major fault line where the Indian
Plate, carrying India, is slowly diving underneath the Eurasian Plate, carrying much of Europe and
Asia.[26] Kathmandu, situated on a block of crust approximately 120 km (74 miles) wide and 60 km
(37 miles) long, reportedly shifted 3 m (10 ft) to the south in a matter of just 30 seconds.

The seismic activity is related to the geo-tectonics of Himalayan Geology. The southern Indo-Gangetic
tectonic plate is subducting into the northern Tibetan (Eurasian) Tectonic plate since the Miocene
Period. The subduction rate is presumed to be at the rate 5-8cm/year. The collision of two continental
tectonic plates has caused the rise of the Himalaya, which is the highest mountain range in the world.
As a result, major longitudinal NW-SE striking thrust faults are also created. These are Main Frontal
Thrust (MFT) between Indogangetic Plain and the Siwaliks, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in
between the Siwaliks and Higher Himalaya and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in between the Higher
Himalaya and the Higher Himalaya.
Many earth scientists believe that longitudinally the entire 2,400 km long Himalayan arc can be
segmented into different individual parts (200-300 km), which periodically break and move separately
and produce mega earthquake (catastrophic earthquake) in the Himalayan region.
From east to west, the great earthquake of Assam, India (1950), Shilong, India (1897), Nepal-Bihar,
India (1934) and Kangra, India (1905) are the mega-earthquakes of the last century produced by the
movements in different parts of the Himalayan arc, all with magnitude around 8.0 - 8.7. When a sector
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
of the Himalaya moves and produces earthquakes, it will take some time (from decades to century) to
repeat the event at the same place.
Nepal is prone to an earthquake of minor or major magnitude. Records of earthquakes since 1253
indicate that 16 major earthquakes hit Nepal - the 1833 (magnitude 7.9) and 1934(magnitude 8.3) are
two of these, which have occurred at an interval of 100 years. Statically, the earthquake occurrence
data of the last century shows that in average Nepal was hit by a big earthquake in every 12 years
(Nakarmi, 1997).

Map No. 2: Historical Events of Earthquakes in Nepal

(Source: Micro Seismic Epicenter Map of Nepal Himalaya and Adjoining Region1997, Published by DoMG, GON)

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report

Map No. 3: Seismic Zoning Map (Source: UNDP/UNCHS (Habitat, 1994).

To counteract earthquake effect due consideration has to be taken in the structural design of building.
The project area is located in the area having Seismic Zoning Factor, Z, equal to 0.8 to 0.9 according
to the Nepal National Building Code (NBC 105: 1994).

Map No. 4: Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal

(Source: Nepal Seismological Center, Lainchaur, Kathmandu)

4.2.1 Plate Tectonic Concept

From the geological studies, the Tectonic Force is generated from the continental collisions between
the Indian and Eurasian plates. It is believed that the Indian plate is going down i.e. subduction
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
whereas, Eurasian plate rising over the Indian plate. As a result, Peter and Topponnier considered
Tibet as a pressure gauge of Asia. Indian plate applies pressure to Eurasia and Tibetan plateau rose to
present position and is still rising at the rate of 3.2 cm to 12.7 cm a year. In general, the Tectonic
Forces have created linear belt of cracks parallel to Himalayas along with the rise of height of
mountains.

4.2.2 Earthquakes
Due to Tectonic Forces, Himalayan zones and the neighboring areas are seismically very active. Most
of epicenters of earthquakes are found to be located in the unstable zones. The frequency and intensity
of earthquakes are found at the weakness of the crust such as major faults, major bends or major arcs.

The Sind earthquake of 1819, and Nepal - Bihar earthquake of 1934 had their origin underneath the
alluvial covers of the Indo - gangetic trough.
In the Himalayas, where sharp structural changes are found such as Quetta, Kashmir and Assam,
major earthquakes are experienced frequently in those areas. The earthquakes of 1950 near Assam,
China border and 1987 in Assam, Dhurbi earthquake of 1930, Quetta 1935 and Kangara 1905 were
major incidences in Himalayas. A list of earthquake in Himalayas and the neighboring areas is given
below:

Intensity, M Year Location

8.0 1819 Kutch
8.7 1897 Assam
8.4 1905 Kangra
7.6 1918 Srimangal
7.1 1930 Dhubri
8.4 1934 Nepal – Bihar
8.7 1950 Assam
7.6 2015 Gorkha (Epicenter)
6.9 2015 Sindhupalchowk/Dolakha
6.8 2015 Sindhupalchowk/Dolakha

The following table shows the epicenter and magnitude of the historical earthquakes in different areas
of Nepal:

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
Epicenter
Lat. N. Long E. Location Date Magnitude
27 85.0 Kalaiya (Nepal) 4.10.1833 7.0
27 84.0 India/Nepal Border 18.10.1833 7.0
26.5 86.5 Bihar/Nepal Border 15.01.1934 8.3
26.7 86.6 Udaypur (Nepal) 21.08.1988 6.7
28.24 84.75 Gorkha 25.04.2015 7.6
27.84 86.05 Sindhupalchowk/Dolakha 26.04.2015 6.9
27.82 86.12 Sindhupalchowk/Dolakha 12.05.2015 6.8
This table concludes that Nepal is located on high seismic zone.

5.0 Methodology
5.1 Field Work Procedure
Field works involved heavy rotary boring mechanism at four boreholes around the proposed building
location to the maximum depth of 16.50m from the ground level. DCPT and SPT at every 1.5m
interval is recorded according as the ground condition. Borehole logs were prepared at the site on the
basis of the visual observation of the soil obtained from the boreholes. The borehole logs are attached
to the annexes are further verified by lab test results.

5.1.1 In-situ Tests

Standard Penetration Test (SPT): Standard penetration test (SPT) had been conducted by means of
driving standard split spoon sampler to count the number of blows per 15cm of penetration. The
equipment and hammer in which the SPT were conducted according to IS 2131-1 963.
The test consisted of driving a split-spoon sampler with and outside diameter of 50mm into the soil at
the base of borehole. Driving was accomplished by a trip hammer weighing 65kg falling freely
through a height of 75cm onto the drive head which was fitted at the top of rods. Procedure of driving
SPT sampler tube consisted of driving the entire split spoon to 15cm into the soil at the bottom of the
borehole. It was then driven 30cm further. The number of blows required to drive each 15cm distance
was recorded. The blow count for driving last 30cm penetration was referred to as SPT ‘N’ value. The
split spoon sampler was used to collect the disturbed sample of soil for visual classification, analysis
and determination of soil characteristics.
The value of the standard penetration number N depends on the relative density of the cohesion less
soil and the unconfined compressive strength of the cohesive soil. If the soil is compact or stiff, the
penetration number is high. The angle of shearing resistance (Φ) of the cohesion less soil depends
upon the number N. In general, the greater the N-value, the greater is the angle of shearing resistance.
Dynamic Cone penetration Test (DCPT): it was performed using a 50 mm cone. The cone was
driven with 65 kg hammer falling through a height of 75 cm. The recorded number of blows required

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
to penetrate the least 300 mm is taken as CPT values. These values of all boreholes are presented in
the corresponding borehole logs. The dynamic cone resistance value is correlated with the SPT value
as given below:
Nc = 1.5 N for depths upto 4.00 m
Nc = 1.75 N for depths 4.00 m to 9.00 m
Nc = 2.00 N for depths greater than 9.00 m

5.1.2 Sampling
(i) Disturbed Sample:

Before any sample was taken, the borehole was cleaned up of loose disturbed soil deposited during
boring operation. The samples which were obtained from bailer and in the SPT tube were preserved as
representative disturbed samples for finding out index properties. The samples thus obtained were
placed in airtight double plastic bags, labeled properly for identification and later transported to the lab
for analysis.
(ii) Undisturbed Sample:

Undisturbed Sample was extracted by means of thin wall tube (Shelby tube). The tube was pushed into
the ground and the sample recovered manually. The tube was sealed with wax and wrapped with
airtight polythene sheets and then bound by adhesive tapes and properly labeled. The tube was
properly packed in a wooden box so as to minimize the disturbances during transportation to the
Laboratory and avoided the changes of moisture content of sample. This sample was used for the
determination of strength and consolidation parameters.

5.2 Laboratory Tests

Disturbed samples were collected in plastic bags and transported to Kathmandu for the following tests.
a) Atterbers Limits
b) Grain size analysis
c) Moisture content
The natural water content and the bulk density were determined from samples recovered from the split
spoon sampler and the undisturbed samples.

Grain size distribution was determined from sieve analysis for fine grained particles and coarse
grained particles, respectively. The results were combined to obtain the grain size distribution curves
of the soil as can be seen in the attached figures. The grain size composition of the soils is also
presented in terms of the percentage of each particle size in the Test Result Summary Sheets.

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel,
Satdobato. Main Report
Direct shear tests were conducted on disturbed samples collected from the single boreholes. The
samples were carefully extruded from the sampling tubes and molded using standard moulds of 6.0 x
6.0 cm² cross-sectional areas and trimmed to 2.5 cm high. Solid metal plates were placed on both
surfaces of the samples to prevent the dissipation of pore water during shearing. The direct shear
equipment is mechanically-operated and shearing will be applied at more or less constant strain rate. If
the samples are cohesive they will be sheared at a relatively fast rate (duration of tests less than 10
minutes) to maintain un-drained condition. The samples were sheared at three different normal
stresses. The direct shear test results is presented in terms of the failure envelops to give the angle of
internal frictions () and the cohesion intercepts (c).

6.0 Observation and Results

6.1 Field Investigation Results
6.1.1 Strata
One borehole of the proposed building was drilled up to a depth of 25.0m. The rotary drilling
operation had been carried out on 15th Magh 2076 and was completed on 16th Magh 2076 for the entire
bore hole from the surface level of the ground. Following result has been observed throughout the
entire borehole.
BORE HOLE – 1
From 0 m to 3.0 m ------------ Gravelly Silt with little sand.
From 3.0 m to 25.0 m ------------ Lean clay with some sand.

6.1.2 Ground Water Table

Ground water table (GWT) was not found at depth in BH-1 from the surface level during the drilling
period as shown in borehole logs. If the (N) vlue exceeds 15, then dilatancy correction should be
made.

6.1.3 Field Tests

Altogether 17 SPT tests were carried out for Borehole. Water table for the hole was noted. The
measured field SPT ‘N’ value is provided in borehole log sheets (Annex). The DCPT value obtained is
again converted in SPT using the correlation given by Central Building Research Institute,

Roorkee;
NDCP= 1.50NSPT for depths upto 4.0 m
NDCP = 1.75NSPT for depths between 4.0 m to 9.0 m
NDCP = 2.0NSPT for depths greater than 9.0 m
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Main Report

The summary of field SPT test and Adopted SPT N-values are shown in the following Tables:

Corrected
M
Adopted
minimum
Field SPT SPT N Remarks
SPT N-
Depth, Value
value
m (N”)
BH-1
Field Corrected SPT, N-value
N- SPT Field N-Value
Value SPT
1.50 16 SPT 13 13 5
3.00 18 SPT 12 12 5
4.50 6 SPT 4 4 5
6.00 7 SPT 5 5 5
7.50 7 SPT 4 4 5
9.00 8 SPT 5 5 5
10.50 9 SPT 5 5 5
12.00 9 SPT 5 5 5
13.50 11 SPT 6 6 5
15.00 12 SPT 6 6 5
16.50 14 SPT 6 6 5
18.00 15 SPT 7 7 7
19.50 16 SPT 7 7 7
21.00 17 SPT 7 7 7
22.50 19 SPT 8 8 7
24.00 20 SPT 9 9 7
25.00 21 SPT 9 9 7

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

When dynamic loads are applied on silty gravel and sandy soils in saturated state the pore pressure in
such soil will not be in a position to get dissipated due to low permeability. Hence, during dynamic
loading (i.e. application of blows) the pore water will offer a temporary resistance to dynamic loads.
This leads to higher value of N-value which is unsafe. Therefore when SPT is performed in saturated
silts and fine sands and if the observed N-value is more than 15, a correction has to be applied to
reduce the observed values.
This correction is applied on the N-value corrected for over burden pressure (N’). If the stratum
(during testing) consists of fine sand & gravel-sand mixtures with little fines below water table, the
corrected N-value (N’) has to be further corrected to get the final corrected value N”.

N” = 15+1/2(N’-15)

6.2 Laboratory Investigation Results

6.2.1 Index Properties
The result of physical and index properties of soil samples collected from various depths are presented
in the attached summary sheet.

The grain size distribution curves of soil sample are classified as USCS Soil Classification System. In
which most of the soil fall in SW (Well-graded sands, gravels, gravelly sand, little or no fines) – SM
(Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures). Natural Moisture Contents of the soil ranged from 16.52% to 37.50%
in BH-1

The above result verifies that the soil falls in gravel & sand mixtures with more fines to the depth of
investigation.

7.0 Bearing capacity analysis

7.1 Allowable Bearing Pressure
The allowable bearing pressure (qa) is the maximum pressure that can be imposed on the foundation
soil taking into consideration the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil and the tolerable settlement of
the structure. Analysis to determine the ultimate bearing capacity and the pressure corresponding to a
specified maximum settlement were performed and the minimum pressure obtained from two analyses
were adopted as the allowable bearing pressure.

7.2 Allowable Bearing Capacity

The allowable bearing capacity has been analyzed using the N-Values from SPT results. The
allowable bearing capacity based on the SPT test according to Meyerhof is:

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

Pile Capacity:
The bearing capacity of bored piles/drilled shaft has been determined based on the FHWA (1999)
method.

Cohesive soils
For the cohesive soils, the following equations as recommended in FHWA manual (O’Neill and
Reese 1999) are adopted to calculate the ultimate shaft resistance, fs ;

where cu is undrained shear strength.

And ultimate end bearing resistance, fb :
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

Noted that fb cannot be greater than 3800 kPa for bored piles within the cohesive soils according to
O’Neill and Reese (1999) and Nc cannot be greater than 9.0.

Cohesionless soils

For the cohesionless soils, the following equations as recommended in FHWA manual (modified
beta method) are adopted to calculate the ultimate shaft resistance, fs for sand:

Where, z is the depth below the ground surface, σ ’z is the effective overburden pressure. The
calculation of the ultimate end bearing resistance, fb based on the effective friction angle is carried
out by the following equations:

7.3 Analysis of the Results

A. Computation of Allowable bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation
The allowable bearing capacity of open foundation for various foundation width, at varying depths, using
the bearing capacity by the Bowles/Meyerhof, 1976 equation are shown in table below.

BH-all

Isolated Footing, For 25mm settlement

Depth, Foundation
B=1.5m B=2.0m B=3.0m B=4.0m B=5.0m
m Width, m
1.5 120 103 88 81 77
Qall
2.0 130 110 92 84 79
3.0 KN/m2 149 124 101 90 84

Mat foundation, For 50mm settlement

Depth, Foundation
B=6.0m B=7.0m B=8.0m B=9.0m B=10.0m
m Width, m
1.5 Qall 149 146 143 141 139
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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

2.0 153 149 146 143 141

3.0 KN/m2 161 155 151 148 146
4.5 172 165 160 155 152

Computation of Allowable Pile Capacity

The pile capacity has been computed using the FAHWA guidelines for cohesioless soil, as mentioned
above. The pile type analyzed is bored and cast in place pile.

Also, the ultimate bearing capacity of drilled shaft of 0.3m and 0.5m diameter at various depths are
mentioned below. A factor of safety of 2.0 has been adopted for estimation of allowable side shear
capacity and 3.0 for allowable base bearing capacity from their ultimate values.

All Boreholes
Qs = ultimate side resistance;
Qb = ultimate base resistance;
Qall = total allowable load using factors of safety applied to the ultimate side resistance and the
ultimate base resistance.

Dia. 0.3m Dia. 0.5m

Depth, m
Qs, kN Qb, kN Qall KN Qs, kN Qb, kN Qall KN

2 5 16 5 9 45 12
3 6 20 9 10 44 20

4 21 16 16 35 47 33

5 49 17 30 82 49 57

6 73 18 43 122 51 78

7 99 19 56 164 54 100

8 125 20 69 208 56 123

9 152 21 83 254 58 146

10 180 21 97 301 61 170

11 209 22 112 349 63 195

12 239 23 127 399 65 221

13 270 24 143 450 68 248

14 302 25 159 503 70 275

15 334 26 176 557 72 303

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

Dia. 0.3m Dia. 0.5m

Depth, m
Qs, kN Qb, kN Qall KN Qs, kN Qb, kN Qall KN

16 367 26 193 612 75 331

17 401 27 210 669 77 360

18 436 28 227 727 79 390

19 472 29 245 786 82 420

20 508 30 264 846 84 451

21 545 31 282 907 86 482

22 582 32 301 970 89 514

23 620 32 321 1033 91 547

24 659 33 340 1098 93 580

25 698 34 360 1163 94 613

8.0 Liquefaction
When fine or medium fine, saturated, loose sand deposit is subjected to a sudden shock (generated by
an earthquake) the mass will temporarily liquefy. This phenomenon is known as liquefaction. When
liquefaction takes place in a particular soil, the bearing capacity of the soil is disappear and the
structure built on it, tilts or even sinks.
The past big earthquakes, have shown that saturated sandy soils in a loose to medium dense condition
were liquefied during earthquakes varying in magnitude from 5.5 to 8.5 (Richter scale) and epicenter
distance from several miles to hundreds of miles.
From the case studies, liquefaction potential characteristics of the soil depend on:
1) The soil contains less than 10 percent fines (silt and clay sizes)
2) D60 is between 0.2 mm and 1.0 mm
3) Cu = (D60/D10) is between 2 and 5; and
4) The blow count per 30 cm standard penetration tests is less than 15.
Where:
D60 = 60 percent of the soil grains smaller than that size.
D10 = 10 percent of the soil grains smaller than corresponding size

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

Cu = Coefficient of uniformity = D60/D10

Liquefaction Analysis
The site comprises clay throughout the drilled depth, hence site soil is not susceptible to liquefaction.

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

9.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

From the results shown in safe bearing capacity as well as test, it is recommended that:

i) The site comprises of silt with few gravels upto a depth of 3.0m followed by Lean clay with
sittle sand throughout the remaining portion of the drilled depth. The detail of Borehole Log is
presented in annex part of this report.
ii) The recommended allowable bearing capacity for various foundation sizes at varying depths is
provided in section 7.3 of this report. For smaller structure, mat foundation can be the suitable
foundation system can be adopted, while for high rise structure, pile foundation can be used.
Ground improvement technique like Soil replacement or preloading can be used for
intermediate structures.
iii) The site soil is not susceptible to liquefaction.

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Detail Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.

10.0 REFERENCES
a. Simons, N. E. and Menzies, B. K. (1977), “A short course in Foundation Engineering”, Newons
and Butterworths, London
b. Murthy, V. N. S. (1991), “Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, Vol. II, “Foundation
Engineering”, Sai Kripa Technical Consultants, Bangalore.
c. M. J. Tomlinson (1996), “Foundation Design and constructions”, Pitmann Publishing Ltd.
London.
d. Terzaghi, K. and Peck R. B. (1967), “Soil Mechanic in Engineering Practice,” John Wiley and
Sons Inc. New York, USA.
e. Peck, R. B., Hanson W. E. and Thornburn T. H (1974), “Foundation Engineering”, Wiley
Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
f. Noyak, N. V. (1982), "Foundation Design Manual ", Dhanpati Rai & Sons. Delhi

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APPENDICES:
APPENDIX A:
BORE LOG
 BORE HOLE LOG (As Per Specifications)
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Consultant Name N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Location Talchikhel. Driller's Name
Bore Hole No 1 Casing Type
Diameter of BH, mm 100 Date of Work Start 2076/10/15
Drilling Method Rotary Date of Drilling Work Finished 2076/10/16
GWT - Total Depth 25.0m
Scale SPT (Field Record) SPT
Depth Thickness
Type Soil Classification
1=50cm (m) (m) Penetration in each 45 cm layer Value
Each 1st 2nd 3rd N
1.00

1.50 5 7 9 16
3.00 Gravelly Silt with little sand.

3.00 5 8 10 18

4.50 2 3 3 6

6.00 2 2 5 7

7.50 2 3 4 7

9.00 3 3 5 8

10.50 3 4 5 9

12.00 3 3 6 9

SPT
13.50 4 4 7 11

22.00 Lean clay with some sand.

15.00 4 5 7 12

16.50 5 6 8 14

18.00 6 6 9 15

19.50 6 7 9 16

21.00 7 7 10 17

22.50 8 9 10 19

24.00 9 9 11 20

25.00 9 10 11 21
 APPENDICES B:
TEST RESULT SUMMARY SHEET
 N.S. Enginering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Test Result Summary Sheet
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Percentage of Natural Direct Shear Test Atterberg Limit
Depth
BH No. Gravel Sand Silt & Clay Moisture C φ Liquid Limit Plastic LimitPlasticity Index
(m)
% % % % KN/m2 Degree Wl Wp PI
1.50 76.00 4.00 20.00 16.52 - - - - -
3.00 88.00 3.00 9.00 21.17 - - - - -
4.50 0.00 29.00 71.00 32.29 3.50 22.01 - - -
9.00 0.00 10.00 90.00 44.25 - - 42.50 19.06 23.44
10.50 0.00 10.00 90.00 37.92 - - - - -
1
12.00 0.00 29.00 71.00 33.77 5.00 18.36 - - -
13.50 0.00 25.00 75.00 37.50 - - - - -
15.00 0.00 23.00 77.00 26.33 - - - - -
16.50 0.00 28.00 53.00 28.47 5.00 24.48 - - -
18.00 0.00 43.00 57.00 26.77 - - - - -
 APPENDIX C:
LABORATORY TEST RESULT
N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Moisture Content
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Depth Wt. of wet Wt. of dry Wt. of Moisture
BH
(m) soil (gms) soil (gms) water(gms) content (%)
1.50 67.70 58.10 9.60 16.52
3.00 47.50 39.20 8.30 21.17
4.50 54.90 41.50 13.40 32.29
9.00 48.90 33.90 15.00 44.25
10.50 49.10 35.60 13.50 37.92
1
12.00 50.70 37.90 12.80 33.77
13.50 53.90 39.20 14.70 37.50
15.00 47.50 37.60 9.90 26.33
16.50 56.40 43.90 12.50 28.47
18.00 48.30 38.10 10.20 26.77
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight 189.66
Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
189.66
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
152.10
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 1.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 74.80 74.80 39.44 60.56
25 0.00 74.80 39.44 60.56 40
20 54.90 129.70 68.39 31.61
16 0.00 129.70 68.39 31.61 30
12.5 9.40 139.10 73.34 26.66
9.5 0.00 139.10 73.34 26.66
20
6.3 0.00 139.10 73.34 26.66
4.750 4.50 143.60 75.71 24.29
2.360 1.30 144.90 76.40 23.60 10
1.180 2.10 147.00 77.51 22.49
0.600 1.00 148.00 78.03 21.97 0
0.425 0.00 148.00 78.03 21.97 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 1.40 149.40 78.77 21.23
0.150 1.10 150.50 79.35 20.65
0.075 1.60 152.10 80.20 19.80 Particle Size, mm
Pan 37.56 189.66 100.00 0.00
189.66

Initial Weight 178.66

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
178.66
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
161.70
(gms):
Percentage Finer

80
Depth (m): 3
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 101.60 101.60 56.87 43.13
25 37.60 139.20 77.91 22.09 40
20 12.10 151.30 84.69 15.31
16 0.00 151.30 84.69 15.31 30
12.5 3.90 155.20 86.87 13.13
9.5 0.00 155.20 86.87 13.13
20
6.3 0.00 155.20 86.87 13.13
4.750 1.50 156.70 87.71 12.29
2.360 1.70 158.40 88.66 11.34 10
1.180 0.00 158.40 88.66 11.34
0.600 1.20 159.60 89.33 10.67 0
0.425 0.00 159.60 89.33 10.67 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 0.00 159.60 89.33 10.67
0.150 1.00 160.60 89.89 10.11
0.075 1.10 161.70 90.51 9.49 Particle Size, mm
Pan 16.96 178.66 100.00 0.00
178.66
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight

Initial Weight 151.94

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
151.94
(gms):

Wt. of Sample after wash 90

43.50
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 4.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined %
60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 20
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0
0.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 1.00 1.00 0.66 99.34
0.150 5.20 6.20 4.08 95.92
0.075 37.30 43.50 28.63 71.37 Particle Size, mm
Pan 108.44 151.94 100.00 0.00
151.94
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight 116.18
Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
116.18
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
11.80
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 9
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 1.70 1.70 1.46 98.54 10
1.180 1.30 3.00 2.58 97.42
0.600 0.00 3.00 2.58 97.42 0
0.425 1.40 4.40 3.79 96.21 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 1.80 6.20 5.34 94.66
0.150 2.80 9.00 7.75 92.25
0.075 2.80 11.80 10.16 89.84 Particle Size, mm
Pan 104.38 116.18 100.00 0.00
116.18

Initial Weight 141.89

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
141.89
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
14.20
(gms):
Percentage Finer

80
Depth (m): 10.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0
0.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.150 3.70 3.70 2.61 97.39
0.075 10.50 14.20 10.01 89.99 Particle Size, mm
Pan 127.69 141.89 100.00 0.00
141.89
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight

Initial Weight 149.2

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
149.20
(gms):

Wt. of Sample after wash 90

42.70
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 12
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined %
60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 20
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0
0.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 2.50 2.50 1.68 98.32
0.150 3.80 6.30 4.22 95.78
0.075 36.40 42.70 28.62 71.38 Particle Size, mm
Pan 106.50 149.20 100.00 0.00
149.2
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight 146.32
Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
146.32
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
36.20
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 13.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0
0.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 3.30 3.30 2.26 97.74
0.150 12.20 15.50 10.59 89.41
0.075 20.70 36.20 24.74 75.26 Particle Size, mm
Pan 110.12 146.32 100.00 0.00
146.32

Initial Weight 164.09

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
164.09
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
37.00
(gms):
Percentage Finer

80
Depth (m): 15
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0
0.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 1.40 1.40 0.85 99.15
0.150 3.50 4.90 2.99 97.01
0.075 32.10 37.00 22.55 77.45 Particle Size, mm
Pan 127.09 164.09 100.00 0.00
164.09
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight

Initial Weight 132.24

Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
132.24
(gms):

Wt. of Sample after wash 90

62.09
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 16.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined %
60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 20
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 2.30 2.30 1.74 98.26 0
0.425 0.00 2.30 1.74 98.26 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 4.50 6.80 5.14 94.86
0.150 17.30 24.10 18.22 81.78
0.075 37.99 62.09 46.95 53.05 Particle Size, mm
Pan 70.15 132.24 100.00 0.00
132.24
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Sieve Analysis
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Initial Weight 133.62
Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
133.62
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
57.40
(gms):

Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 18
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
40 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 50
31.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
20 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
16 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
9.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
20
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
4.750 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
2.360 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 10
1.180 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
0.600 1.00 1.00 0.75 99.25 0
0.425 0.00 1.00 0.75 99.25 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
0.300 3.00 4.00 2.99 97.01
0.150 11.00 15.00 11.23 88.77
0.075 42.40 57.40 42.96 57.04 Particle Size, mm
Pan 76.22 133.62 100.00 0.00
133.62
 N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Direct Shear Test
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
BH No.: 1
Sample No.: 1 PRG Factor, kN/Div.: 0.00448
Depth (m) 4.5 Area m²: 0.00351
Tested by : Madhav Pokhrel
Test No. 1 1 2 3

Wt. of Mould + sample (gm) 268.50

Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
Density (gm/cm3) 1.69
Weight of wet soil (gm) 54.90
Weight of dry soil (gm) 41.50
Wt of water (gm) 13.40
M/C, % : 32.29
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading (x
Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress
0.01mm)
Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 4.50 5.74 7.50 9.57 14.00 17.87
50.00 7.00 8.93 9.00 11.49 18.00 22.97
75.00 9.00 11.49 11.00 14.04 22.50 28.72
100.00 11.50 14.68 13.50 17.23 25.00 31.91
125.00 13.00 16.59 16.00 20.42 30.00 38.29
150.00 15.50 19.78 18.50 23.61 34.50 44.03
175.00 17.00 21.70 21.00 26.80 39.50 50.42
200.00 18.00 22.97 23.00 29.36 43.50 55.52
250.00 24.50 31.27 49.00 62.54
300.00 29.00 37.01 53.00 67.65
350.00 31.00 39.57 57.50 73.39
400.00 63.00 80.41
450.00 65.50 83.60
500.00
550.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00

120

105 C = 3.5KN/m
2

f = 22.010
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m

90

75

60

45

30

15

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Normal Stress, KN/sq.m
 N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Direct Shear Test
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
BH No.: 1
Sample No.: 2 PRG Factor, kN/Div.: 0.00448
Depth (m) 12.0 Area m²: 0.00351
Tested by : Madhav Pokhrel
Test No. 1 1 2 3

Wt. of Mould + sample (gm) 275.30

Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
Density (gm/cm3) 1.78
Weight of wet soil (gm) 50.70
Weight of dry soil (gm) 37.90
Wt of water (gm) 12.80
M/C, % : 33.77
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading (x
Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress
0.01mm)
Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 4.00 5.11 6.50 8.30 13.50 17.23
50.00 6.50 8.30 9.50 12.13 15.00 19.15
75.00 8.00 10.21 11.50 14.68 19.50 24.89
100.00 9.50 12.13 15.00 19.15 26.50 33.82
125.00 12.50 15.95 19.50 24.89 30.00 38.29
150.00 13.00 16.59 22.50 28.72 34.50 44.03
175.00 15.50 19.78 23.50 29.99 35.00 44.67
200.00 16.00 20.42 25.00 31.91 38.00 48.50
250.00 17.50 22.34 28.00 35.74 46.00 58.71
300.00 18.00 22.97 30.00 38.29 49.50 63.18
350.00 53.00 67.65
400.00 57.00 72.75
450.00
500.00
550.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00

120

105 C = 5KN/m
2

f = 18.360
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m

90

75

60

45

30

15

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Normal Stress, KN/sq.m
 N.S. Engineering & Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
Direct Shear Test
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
BH No.: 1
Sample No.: 3 PRG Factor, kN/Div.: 0.00448
Depth (m) 16.5 Area m²: 0.00351
Tested by : Madhav Pokhrel
Test No. 1 1 2 3

Wt. of Mould + sample (gm) 271.20

Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
Density (gm/cm3) 1.73
Weight of wet soil (gm) 56.40
Weight of dry soil (gm) 43.90
Wt of water (gm) 12.50
M/C, % : 28.47
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading (x
Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress
0.01mm)
Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 7.50 9.57 9.00 11.49 11.00 14.04
50.00 9.00 11.49 11.50 14.68 15.50 19.78
75.00 10.50 13.40 15.00 19.15 19.00 24.25
100.00 13.00 16.59 17.00 21.70 24.00 30.63
125.00 14.00 17.87 19.00 24.25 28.50 36.38
150.00 15.50 19.78 23.50 29.99 36.00 45.95
175.00 16.50 21.06 26.00 33.19 39.50 50.42
200.00 20.00 25.53 31.50 40.21 43.00 54.88
250.00 22.00 28.08 35.00 44.67 47.00 59.99
300.00 23.50 29.99 38.00 48.50 52.00 66.37
350.00 42.00 53.61 56.00 71.48
400.00 60.00 76.58
450.00 65.00 82.96
500.00 69.50 88.71
550.00 73.00 93.17
600.00 76.00 97.00
700.00 77.00 98.28
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00

120

105 C = 5KN/m
2

f = 24.480
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m

90

75

60

45

30

15

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Normal Stress, KN/sq.m
 N.S. Engineering and Geo-technical Services Pvt. Ltd.
Dhobighat, Lalitpur
ATTERBERG LIMITS
Soil Investigation of Private Building at Talchikhel, Satdobato.
Location : Satdobato. Bore hole : 1
Depth (m) : 9 Checked by : Rishi Raj Pokhrel
Tested by : Madhav Pokhrel Certified by : Anand Gupta
PLASTIC LIMIT
Determination No. 1 2 3
Continer No
Weight of wet soil gms 7.31 7.31
Weight of dry soil gms 6.13 6.15
Water content % 19.25 18.86
Plastic limit % 19.06

LIQUID LIMIT
Determination No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Weight of Wet soil gms 21.60 21.20 21.80
Weight of dry soil gms 14.30 14.50 15.60
Water content % 51.05 46.21 39.74
Number of blows 10.00 16.00 30.00
Log Number of Blows

20 23 26 29 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53
Water Content, %

Liquid Limit, WL 42.50

Plastic Limit, Wp 19.06
Plascicity Index, PI 23.44
PHOTOGRAPHS
PHOTOGRAPHS
Drilling Works and Field Tests at Site