ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

ELE 2603
Instrumentation and Control

Learning outcome: 2
Assignment No. :2
Signal conditioning

Objective: Objective of this assignment is to introduce students to different practical sensors

and transducers used in process control systems including temperature and mechanical
sensors along with the necessary signal condition circuits used.

Student Name Haya Rashed Almazrouei

Student ID Number H00368793

True/ False

1. Signal conditioning refers to the process of changing the output level of a (True/False)
transducer for interfacing with a controller.

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

2. Adjusting the level and bias of some signal is known as impedance matching (True/False)

3. If the input to a signal conditioning circuit is linear and the output is nonlinear, this (True/False)
process is known as linearization.

4. Loading occurs when we connect something, a load across the output, and the (True/False)
output voltage of the element drops to some value.

5. Using the voltage divider circuit to interface to a sensor, it’s customary to use a (True/False)
low impedance load resistance to reduce loading.

6. A Wheatstone bridge converts variations in resistance into variations of voltage. (True/False)

7. An ideal op amp has low input impedance and very high output impedance to (True/False)
reduce to loading.

8. The voltage follower is an op amp circuit with unity gain and very high input (True/False)
impedance,

9. In a differential amplifier the output voltage does not depend on the values or (True/False)
polarity of either input voltage, but only on their difference.

10. A differential amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance is (True/False)
known as an instrumentation amplifier.

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

11. If Vx= 5 V and Rx = 1kΩ, which of the following value is best used as load RL
A. 1Ω
B. 1kΩ
C. 10kΩ
D. 100kΩ

12. If Vx= 5 V and Rx = 1kΩ, and RL = 100k Ω, what is the value of Vy

A. Vy =0. 5V
B. Vy = 1.0V
C. Vy = 5.0V
D. Vy = 50.0V

13. For the divider circuit shown if R1 = 10.0 kΩ, R2 is = 4 k Ω what is the value VD, if VS = 5V?

A. VD = 1.43 V
B. VD = 0.143 V
C. VD= 5.0V
D. VD = 2.34V

14. For the divider circuit shown if R1 = 10.0 kΩ, and VD = 1.43 V, what is the value of R2?

A. R2 = 10kΩ
B. R2 = 4kΩ
C. R2 = 400Ω
D. R2 = 10kΩ

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

Wheatstone Bridge

Given the shown Wheatstone bridge, the bridge can be divided into two series resistors. Follow the following
steps to find the voltages at the two terminals

Use the voltage divider rule on the left arm to Use the voltage divider rule on the right arm to
verify the resul verify the result

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

15. Using the above example answer the following for the shown Wheatstone bridge?

a. What is the current in the left arm? 600+500=1100

I=V/R=10/1100

I1=9.09mA

b. What is the current in the right arm? 400+300=700

I=V/R=10/700

I2=14.28

c. What is the voltage at terminal a? (using the current VA=I1R3=9.09mAx600

value from a)
=5.454V

d. What is the voltage at terminal b? VA=I1R4=14.28mAx300

=4.284V

e. What is Va – Vb? 5.454V-4.284V=1.17V

f. What is Vb – Va? 4.284V-5.454V=1.17V

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

16. If a Wheatstone bridge, nulls with R1 = 1000Ω, R2 = 842Ω, and R3 = 500Ω, what is the value
of R4?
A. R4 = 124kΩ
B. R4 = 400Ω
C. R4 = 241kΩ
D. R4 = 421Ω

17. The resistors in a bridge are given by R1= R2= R3 = 120Ω and R4 = 121Ω. If the supply is 10.0
V, find the voltage offset.
A. -20.7mV
B. +20.7mV
C. 20V
D. 2V

18. The resistors in a bridge are given by R1= R2= R3 = 120Ω and R4 = 118Ω. If the supply is 10.0
V, find the voltage offset.
A. -40.7mV
B. +40.7mV
C. 10V
D. 2V

19. The resistors in a bridge are given by R1= R2= R3 = 120Ω , the supply is 10.0 V, and the
voltage offset is -20.7mV what is the value of R4 in Ω?
A. R4 = 121Ω
B. R4 = 241Ω
C. R4 = 400Ω
D. R4 = 421Ω

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

Wheatstone Bridge Applications

As we see here when the temperature goes As the difference in voltage reach 2 the circuit
Alarm down the voltage of A increased because begin giving alarm, which means that the
thermistor has negative coefficient the then the temperature reach 40
voltage difference increased

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

Operational Amplifier

20. An op Amp is powered using ± 12V is used in an open loop configuration, if 10mv is applied
to the inverting input, what is the expected output voltage?

A. -10mV
B. +100000
C. +12V
D. -12V

21. An inverting op Amp is designed to have a gain of -12, if Ri = 500Ω, what is the value of Rf?

A. 600Ω
B. 6kΩ
C. 400Ω
D. 260Ω

22. An inverting op Amp is designed to have a gain of -10, which of the following pair of resistors
is the most suitable?

A. Ri = 600Ω Rf = 600Ω
B. Ri = 600Ω Rf = 60Ω
C. Ri = 60Ω Rf = 600Ω
D. Ri = 6000Ω Rf = 6000Ω

23. When 100mV is applied to the input of an inverting op Amp the output is 2V, if Rf equals
10kΩ what is the input resistance Ri?
A. Ri = 600Ω
B. Ri = 500Ω
C. Ri = 25Ω
D. Ri = 200Ω

24. What is the gain of the non-inverting amplifier shown, if R1 = 100Ω , R2 = 200Ω?
A. -1
B. +1
C. +2
D. +3

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

25. It is required to design a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 12, which of the following
resistance values can be used?
A. R1 = 2000Ω, R2 = 200Ω
B. R1 = 100Ω, R2 = 2000Ω
C. R1 = 1100Ω, R2 = 110Ω
D. R1 = 200Ω, R2 = 2200Ω

26. It is required to design a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 17, what is the value of R1 if
R2 = 1600 Ω?
A. R1 = 170Ω
B. R1 = 600Ω
C. R1 = 100Ω
D. R1 = 160Ω

27. For the differential amplifier shown, what is the value of Vout when R2 is 10 time R1 and V1
= -9.3 V and V2 = -8.6V?
A. 6V
B. -7V
C. 7V
D. -6V

28. For the differential amplifier shown, if V out = -3.8V, V2=1 and R2 is 5 time R1 what is the value
of V1?
A. 5.38V
B. 1.76V
C. -1.56V
D. -2.38V

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

29. A sensor outputs a range of 50.0 to 300 mV as a variable varies over its range. Develop signal
conditioning so that this becomes 0 to 5, what is the gain of the differential amplifier?
A. 20
B. 1000
C. 0.0001
D. 25

30. A sensor outputs a range of 50.0 to 300 mV as a variable varies over its range. Develop signal
conditioning so that this becomes 0 to 5, what is the DC bias to be added?
A. -1.25V
B. -1.75 V
C. 0.53 V
D. -0.05 V

31. A sensor outputs a range of 50.0 to 300 mV as a variable varies over its range. Develop signal
conditioning so that this becomes 0 to 5, what is the output of the amplifier when the sensor
reads a value 110mv?
A. -2.73 V
B. 2.34V
C. 1.2V
D. -1.98V

32. The below is a signal conditioning circuit that adjust the level of a sensor outputs with a
range of 20.0 to 250 mV and scales to 0 to 5V? which of the following formulas best
describes the amplifier?
A. Vout = 21.7 Vin – 0.02
B. Vout = 17 Vin – 0.02
C. Vout = 21.7 Vin – 0.434
D. Vout = 2.17 Vin – 0.2

33. For the differential amplifier shown, determine the value of the output voltage when Vi
=0.37V?
A. Vout = -1.122V
B. Vout = 1.32V
C. Vout = 1.122V
D. Vout = -0.122V

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 ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

Problems

o
34. A sensor is connected in a voltage divider configuration as R2. If the sensor has a C
transfer function of 200Ω/oC. If R1 = 1kΩ and Vs = 6V. What is the temperature of the
sensor when VD = 4.5V?
T=15￮C

35. A sensor with Rs = 5 kΩ reads a physical property and produces 5V, because of loading
the measured output Vout is 4V, what is Vout when the sensor changes its value to
6V?
Hint: find RL from the first measurement

A. Vout = 1.26V
B. Vout = 3.46V
C. Vout = 4.80V
D. Vout = 6.40V

36. A Wheatstone bridge is used in an application. In

this application R4 is a temperature sensor with a
transfer function of 10Ω/oC (1 oC produces a change
of 10 Ω). R3 is a variable resistor used to null the
bridge.

a. If the bridge nulls with R3 = 1000 Ω, what is the value of R4 in Ω? R4=240

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

b. What is the temp of the sensor in oC?

T=24￮C

c. If the sensor is placed in a temperature of 150 oC, what value of R3 will null the
1875Ω
bridge?

d. Let R3 = 1000 Ω and the sensor is placed in 100 oC environment what is Δv from -5.47 V
the bridge?

37. A non-inverting amplifier amplifies a 100mV signal to

2.6V, find the following

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

a. What is the value of Ri, if Rf = 1500 Ω? Ri=60Ω

b. What is the value of the output if the input is 150mV? 3.9

38. A tachometer connected to a motor is used to measure the rotation of the motor. If the
tachometer produces 500μV/rpm. The tachometer is then connected to two amplifiers in
cascade as shown below an inverting amplifier followed by a noninverting amplifier. If R1
= 6 kΩ. and R2 = 12k Ω for each amplifier

a) The gain of the first and second amplifier? -2,3

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

b) If the motor is idling at 1000rpm what is the output of the cascade? -3 V

c) If the output of the cascade is -7.5, what is the speed of the motor? 2500 rpm

39. A sensor has a transfer function of 25Ω/KPa is placed as R4 in Wheatstone bridge configuration as
shown. R1 is a variable resistor used to null the bridge, the output of the bridge is connected to a
differential amplifier, answer the following questions:
Note when the pressure changes R4 resistance changes accordingly

a. When R1 is set to 100 Ω, what value of the pressure nulls the bridge? 11.6 kPa

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ELE 2603 Instrumentation & Control Assignment 2

b. If the pressure changed to 7.6KPa while R1 is kept at 100Ω, what is the unbalanced 0.1 V
voltage ΔV from the bridge?

100
c. If the output voltage from the Wheatstone bridge ΔV is connected to the
differential amplifier, what is the gain of the amplifier if V out = 10V?

d. What is the value of R1 to achieve the Amplifier gain? 100Ω

40. A sensor outputs a range of 100.0mv to 600 mV as a variable varies over its range. Develop
signal conditioning so that this becomes 0 to 12V?

a. What is the DC bias? 100 V

b. What is the gain of the differential amplifier? 24 V

c. What is the value of R1, R3, R4? R1=R3=195.8

R4=4.7

d. What is value of the voltage labelled Vo? 100 mV

e. What is R5? 178.6

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