DERIVATIONS

Kata Jadian (Derivatives/Derivation) adalah kata baru yang didapat dari kata dasar sebelumnya dengan
menambahkan awalan (prefixes) maupun dengan akhiran (suffixes).

NOUN (KATA BENDA)

–ess actor (n) actress

steward (n) stewardess
waiter (n) waitress
–hood brother (n) Brotherhood
child (n) Childhood
–ing duck (n) Duckling
mine (n) Mining
–ism hero (n) Heroism
optimist (n) Optimism
–ist science (n) Scientist
national (n) Nationalist
–ity active (adj) Activity
national (n) Nationality
–ness good (adj) Goodness
busy (adj) Business
–ship friend (n) Friendship
scholar (n) Scholarship
–arian library (n) Librarian
–ence different (adj) Difference
–th deep (adj) depth

1. The nouns suffix –ment:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
advertise advertisement improve Improvement
agree Agreement judge Judgement
appoint Appointment manage Management
argue Argument measure Measurement
arrange Arrangement move Movement
develop Development pay Payment
employ Employment punish Punishment
encourage Encouragement ship Shipment
entertain Entertainment state Statement
govern Government treat Treatment
announce Announcement develop Development
establish Establishment publish publishment

2. The nouns suffixes –ation, –ion, –tion:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
act action intent Intention
admit Admission interrupt Interruption
adopt Adopt invent Invention
associate Associate object Objection
attend Attention omit Omission
attract Attraction operate Operation
collect Collection permit permission
confuse Confusion persuade Persuasion
congratulate Congratulation populate Population
connect Connection possess Possession
correct Correction produce Production
 describe Description protect Protection
destroy Destruction recognize Recognition
direct Direction reduce Reduction
discuss Discussion reflect Reflection
divide Division reproduce Reproduction
educate Education separate Separation
elect Election situate Situation
except Exception suggest Suggestion
explode Explosion suspect Suspicion
extend Extension translate Translation
admire Admiration invite Invitation
apply Application multiply Multiplication
classify Classification observe Observation
combine Combination organize Organization
compete Competition prepare Preparation
compose Composition pronounce Pronunciation
examine Examination qualify Qualification
expect Expectation recommend Recommendation
imagine Imagination repeat Repetition
inform Information resign resignation
decide decision appreciate appreciation

3. The nouns suffixes –ance, –ence:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
admit admittance enter Entrance
allow Allowance excel Excellence
appear Appearance hinder Hindrance
attend Attendance interfere Interference
confide Confidence obey Obedience
differ Difference perform Performance
disturb Disturbance prefer preference
insure Insurance resist Resistance
assist Assistance innocent Innocence
perform performance independent independence

4. The nouns suffixes –t, –th:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
complain complaint join Joint
contain Content produce Product
deceive Deceit receive Receipt
descend Descent see Sight
fly Flight think Thought
give Gift weigh Weight
grow Growth

5. The nouns suffixes –er, –or, –ist, –ant, –ent:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
compose composer lie Liar
dance Dancer tour Tourist
conquer Conqueror type Typist
drive Driver serve Server
act Actor apply Applicant
direct Director reside Resident
sail Sailor attend Attendant
invent Inventor command Commandant/commander
descent Decendant corrupt corruptor
manage Manager
create creator

6. The nouns suffix –al:

 Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
approve approval propose Proposal
arrive Arrival refuse Refusal
bury Burial try trial
dismiss dismissal

7. The nouns suffix –ure, –ture, –ature:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
depart departure mix Mixture
fail Failure please Pleasure
fix Fixture press Pressure
furnish furniture sign signature

8. The nouns suffixes –y, –ery, –ary:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
bound boundary injure Injury
bribe Bribery recover Recovery
deliver Delivery rob robbery
discover discovery

9. The nouns suffix –age:

Verbs Nouns Verbs Nouns
carry carriage pass Passage
marry Marriage spoil Spoilage
pack Package wreck wreckage
store storage

VERB (KATA KERJA)

1. The verb suffix –en:

Nouns Verbs
fright frighten
haste Hasten
length Lengthen
strength Strengthen
threat treathen

2. The verb suffix –ze, ize:

Nouns Verbs
apology apologize
colony Colonialize
critic Criticize
memory Memorize
standard Standardize
islam Islamize
terror Terrorize

3. The verb suffix –fy, ify:

Nouns Verbs
beauty beautify
class Classify
liquid Liquefy
solid Solidify

4. The verb suffix –ve:

Nouns Verbs
belief believe
proof Prove
 relief relieve

–ate : active (adj) → activate

–fy : pure (adj) → purify; clear → clarify; simple → simplify
en- : large (adj) → enlarge
de- : value (n) → devalue
–en : bright (adj) → brighten

ADJECTIVE (KATA SIFAT)

Suffixes Nouns Adjectives

–y sand sandy
wealth wealthy
health healthy
cloud cloudy
hunger hungry
–ly friend Friendly
week Weekly
–ful beauty Beautiful
pain Painful
care Careful
skill Skillful
use Useful
–less care Careless
worth Worthless
fear Fearless
use Useless
–ous danger Dangerous
fame Famous
suspicion Suspicious
mountain Mountainous
–al, –tal, –ial, –tial accident Accidental
difference Differential
educate Educational
origin original
–ic, –etic, ical base Basic
hero Heroic
history Historical
sympathy Sympathetic
–ish child Childish
red Reddish
self Selfish
–ed, –en tire Tired
educate Educated
talent Talented
gold Golden
wood Wooden
–ent, –ant differ Different
please Pleasant
–able, –ible reason Reasonable
sense Sensible
value Valuable
profit profitable
–ive, –ative, –tive act Active
image Imaginative
 sport Sportive
–ing interest Interesting
tire Tiring
surprise Surprising
–ar family Familiar
regulate Regular
–istic optimist Optimistic
real Realistic
language Linguistic
–ward back Backward

ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN)

–ly quick Quickly

beautiful Beautifully
accurate Accurately
happy Happily
easy Easily
strong strongly
–ever who Whoever
what Whatever
when whenever

EXERCISES

A. Choose the Appropriate Words by Underlining One of the Words in the Brackets!
1. Do you know the (different – difference) between this garden and that one?
2. Sofiati can dance (beautifully – beautiful) at her school.
3. This (organize – organization) was established two years ago.
4. Mr. Joko wants (publish – to publish) another book.
5. Indonesian people should try to (modern – modernize) our country.
6. It is (possible – possibly) your friend will do the task for you.
7. Riyanto is a very (famous – fame) song composers.
8. The rector will (announcement – announce) the program during the week.
9. All students should read the text (accurately – accurate).
10. Indra’s hand writing is more (readable – read) than Yogi’s.

B. Choose the Best Answer!

1. In my opinion, their walking out from the session was a very … thing to do.
a. child
b. childish
c. children
d. childishly
e. childable
2. You should … the language in this annual report because it is too long.
a. simply
b. simplify
c. simplistic
d. simple
e. simplification
3. The victims of the earthquake showed their … to the local government officials for their help.
a. appreciate
b. appreciable
c. appreciation
 d. appreciably
e. appreciative
4. If you want to … in running your business, you must have the full support os your employees.
a. succeed
b. successful
c. success
d. successfully
e. succeeded
5. Adi and Roy are brothers, but they look very …
a. differs
b. differential
c. difference
d. differently
e. different
6. They dismiss the worker, but they never told me about the …
a. dismissment
b. dissmissly
c. dissmission
d. dismissal
e. dismissive
7. She is a professional …
a. beautician
b. beautiful
c. beauty
d. beautifully
e. beautify
8. The … of driver caused the accident.
a. careless
b. careful
c. carelessness
d. carefully
e. carelessly
9. I don’t know the … of this river.
a. deep
b. deepen
c. deeply
d. deepness
e. depth
10. My uncle … advised me to take an English course.
a. strength
b. strong
c. strenghthening
d. strongly
e. strengthened