{1 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Lesson #5: Evaluating Logarithms Review In the last lesson we compared the graphs of y= 2" and y logy x We leamed * the point (3, 8) on the graph of y = 2 indicates that 8 = 2° * the point (8, 3) on the graph of y= log, x indicates that 3 = log, 8 «+ the exponential form 8 = 2° and the logarithmic form 3 =log, 8 are equivalent, In this lesson, we will leam how to evaluate logarithms like log, 8 without reference to a graph or table. Evaluating Logarithms by Converting to Exponential Form Kelcie was asked to evaluate log,8. Her work is shown below. Study her work and describe each step on the lines provided logy 8 =v Represent log.2 with the unknown value “V", a8 Changer to expormbiol farm ver? oily boot odes to Some bese v=3 Rack eyponends log) 8=3 ‘Cias=.#1 | Evaluate the following logarithms. a) log, 81 = t b) logy64= Xe) logy7 = YA) logan t= 6 ha 2 3) U%e at peed we3 eeu yt to bea Xe3 \oyyT = logal =O layer 4 Joy, 43 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.192. Exponential and Logarithmie Functions Lesson #5: Evaluating Logarithms Determine the value of a) log,l = © b) log,b = | Clasée.#8 | Evaluate, 2 a) 2logs512 = % b) wee 4] = b ©) logsVTS = Y = “ a 3. \oqg 0 >3 vu 3, S° = Abs ge = 5a dra 8 = {s, 2g bs S > 2 8° - logs Gan)? S y 3 %. yee oye SH2 Glare) a) Bvaluate. i) S82 ii) LD iii) 2D \ logge P= OS Yo Noga27*3 3 Pe 44 y27 b) Based on your observations from a) to c), what is the value of a) a Use inverses to explain your answer. CS paising bate To G pee Ont bing Me a catthes fo He Some base Gre (mario opens ey Crd teh ober ont °) Determine the value of lg =o Complete Assignment Questions #1 - #3 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.onential and Logarithmic Functions Lesson 45: Evaluating Logarithms — 193 Evaluating Logarithms by Changing the Base a) Try to evaluate logs 50?*What problem do you encounter? se 50 55 Un pat be tarda be S vo > ¥ b) Choose the correct alternative. The exact value of logs 50 is S+S ,Ss8,Sehs i). between 1.5 and 2 between 2.5 and 3 At the moment we are unable to evaluate logs50 by converting to exponential form, We can, however, evaluate the logarithm using a calculator by changing the base to a base the calculator recognizes. To do this, we introduce Common Logarithms and Natural Logarithms. ‘Common Logarithms These logarithms are in such common use that when a base is not given the logarithm is understood to be in base ten, For instance, Ona graphing calculator, this can be evaluated using the [ LOS key. Evaluate log 1000 by a) converting to exponential form b) using the [ LOS] key on a calculator. ooo =X * 2 1999 \oy les +3 In each of the following, i), pstimate the valueytothe > ii) approximate the value to the nearest hundredth using technology a) logis 89 b) log 2000 Las 3.30 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.194 Exponential and Logarithmie Funetions Lesson 85: Evaluating Logarithms Natural Logarithms Natural logarithms are logarithms in base e eg. log, 15. Q220 1893132 the value of which will be determined in the enrichment below. 15 is often written agfini15 Ona graphing calculator, this can be evaluated using the [ LN | key ‘Clas Bx.#7 || Evaluate the following logarithms to one decimal place where necessary. i a) InS b) log,5 ©) a = |G nS = = Nebo Thank © bdget Inesl Approximating the Value of Although not required for this course, the enrichment may give students a greater understanding in preparation for higher level math courses. The formal definition of the irrational number ¢ is the limit as x approaches infinity of the - 1\" function f(x) = (: + x Complete the following table to determine the value of this function as x gets very large. Use the| TABL feature of a graphing calculator and work to 4 decimal places. x 10 100 1000 10000 | 100000 | 1000000 Estimate for e is, A more accurate estimate can be determined by pressing the [ e _|key ona graphing calculator. ANS 331623 The value of e to 9 decimal places is, Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.onential and Logarithmic Functions Lesson 45: Evaluating Logarithms — 195 Investigating the Change of Base Identity a) i) Evaluate logs25oby converting to exponential form. xe Dd using a calculator. iii) Comment on your answers from i) and ii), Hey aN al 2 b) i) Evaluate log;243 by converting to exponential form. hoy a4 =X le $23 3 19g,243 x ii) Evaluate wo F_wsing acaleulatr. “Ss ‘Comment on your answers ‘fom i) andi. they oe all eyed bo S ©) Inthe first page of this lesson, we learned that logy’ Weite logg nfm which an be evaanted using a Bey Jculator and verify the answer. d) Write log,64 in a form which can be evaluated using a calculator. = Noyes Ee 2 ‘Change of Base Identity ‘We have seen that the above identity is true for converting logarithms to base 10 or base e. infil eorconeing heist Teams enw supers is g21024 @ i) lua logy l024 . Evaluate oq es eR = 1534 > a =5 Evaluate the following logarithms to the nearest hundredth by changing the base a) logs 221 b) lea qag ©) 3log, 512 al Joys > le 3 (8) voy toy = Od = 3.38 = 477 = Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Gancopy agreement.196 Exponential and Logarithmic tions Lesson #5: Evaluating Logarithms ‘ian | Convert the following logarithms to the base indicated. % | a) logs 216. to base 3 b) log 300 tobaseS = logs 30d : legs Vong ob c mS Ss TNelator Ale of the following b) gi 216 d) logos = t . + ys = ate YC) i Ms x tyeyt oR EY y=) eo «8 ae 27 Complete Assignment Questions #4- #15 ave ke -10 Tes] xe Assignment 1. Evaluate. a) logy91000 b) logy 144 ©) logs 36 4) logas 6 1 £) 4 logy 0.001 a h) -4 log, 8* 2, State the value of a) log,l ) log,x* d) plczs!0 3. Solve forx. a) log, 125 =3 4, Evaluate each of the following logarithms. a) log 100 b) log 10° ©) logyT d) log 0.01 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. 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