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The Theories of Organic Evolution

The document summarizes the theory of organic evolution and natural selection. It explains that (1) offspring vary slightly from their parents and pass on heritable traits, (2) more offspring are produced than the environment can support leading to competition, and (3) individuals with traits better suited to the environment will leave more descendants, causing populations to adapt over generations through the survival of the fittest.

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Mary Rose Bobis Vicente
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207 views2 pages

The Theories of Organic Evolution

The document summarizes the theory of organic evolution and natural selection. It explains that (1) offspring vary slightly from their parents and pass on heritable traits, (2) more offspring are produced than the environment can support leading to competition, and (3) individuals with traits better suited to the environment will leave more descendants, causing populations to adapt over generations through the survival of the fittest.

Uploaded by

Mary Rose Bobis Vicente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Theories of Organic Evolution explains convincing the origin of life.

It also explains how the wide


variety of the plants and animals came into existence in the world. According to this theory, the world
has been evolved and not been created.

Natural Selection

A. The universal occurrence of variation


 The offspring in any generation will be slightly different from one another in their traits
(color, size, shape, etc.), and many of these features will be heritable.

Based on these simple observations, Darwin concluded the following:


 In a population, some individuals will have inherited traits that help them survive and
reproduce (given the conditions of the environment, such as the predators and food
sources present). The individuals with the helpful traits will leave more offspring in the
next generation than their peers, since the traits make them more effective at surviving
and reproducing.
 Because the helpful traits are heritable, and because organisms with these traits leave
more offspring, the traits will tend to become more common (present in a larger
fraction of the population) in the next generation.
 Over generations, the population will become adapted to its environment (as individuals
with traits helpful in that environment have consistently greater reproductive success
than their peers).

B. Over production (rapid multiplication)


Every species, in the absence of environmental check, tends to increase in a geometrical matter.
 A salmon produces 28000 eggs in a season.
 Female rabbit gives birth to six young ones in one litters and produces 4 litter in a year (6
months old rabbit is capable of reproduction. Due to environmental checks, it will be control.
 Elephants, in the absence of any checks, have 21 million descendants of the end of 800 years.
 More offspring are produced than can survive. Organisms are capable of producing more
offspring than their environments can support. Thus, there is competition for limited resources
in each generation.
C. The struggle of existence
 - Intraspecific struggle between same species

It occurs when the individuals of the same species that are faced with a situation when
resources for survival and reproduction are limited.

A key element of this definition is that the competition occurs within the ranks of a species.

Example: Larger, dominant grizzly bears occupying the best fishing spots on a river during the
salmon spawning season.

 - Interspecific between different species

 - Environmental struggle due to earthquake, tidal waves, the bursting of volcanoes are all
causes for killing large population
 - Survival of the fittest: in the struggle for existence, majorities die out due to the fact
those few survival have necessary advantageous variations. This idea of the survival of the fittest
is the core theory of natural selection.

 - Inheritance of useful variations: the organisms after getting fitted to the surroundings
transmit their useful variations to the next generation, while non-useful variations are
eliminated.

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