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Module 3 SAYYID AND LODI

The document summarizes Islamic architecture in India during the Delhi Sultanate period. It describes the architectural styles of tombs constructed during the Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) and Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526). The architecture was restricted to tombs and mausoleums due to weak state treasuries. Tomb designs included octagonal structures inspired by Dome of the Rock and square structures with cube and dome designs. Important tombs discussed include Mubarak Shah's tomb, Muhammad Shah's tomb, and the tomb of Sikandar Lodi.

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Azra Shahal
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234 views38 pages

Module 3 SAYYID AND LODI

The document summarizes Islamic architecture in India during the Delhi Sultanate period. It describes the architectural styles of tombs constructed during the Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) and Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526). The architecture was restricted to tombs and mausoleums due to weak state treasuries. Tomb designs included octagonal structures inspired by Dome of the Rock and square structures with cube and dome designs. Important tombs discussed include Mubarak Shah's tomb, Muhammad Shah's tomb, and the tomb of Sikandar Lodi.

Uploaded by

Azra Shahal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA

DELHI SULTANATE
SLAVE DYNASTY
KHILJI DYNASTY
TUGHLAQ DYNASTY
SAYYID DYNASTY
LODI DYNASTY
Due to the inheritance of greatly weakened state treasury, both the
dynasties were not able to construct monumental buildings. So
their desire for architectural constructions were projected in
small tombs and mausoleum built throughout Delhi. The pattern of
architecture during Sayyid and Lodi dynasty was therefore
restricted to tombs and sculptor only.
the period saw a revival in the use of ornamentation absent from the
previous Tughlaq period. The octagonal design appears to have been
reserved for royalty of the time.
SAYYID DYNASTY
1414-1451
KHIZR KHAN (1414-1421)
MUBARAK SHAH (1421-1435)
MUHAMMAD SHAH SAYYID (1435-1445)
ALAM SHAH (1445-1451)
The Sayyids ruled at a chaotic time as India recovered from
Timur's invasion. There were four Sultans in the period of 37 years.
Sayyid dynasty's 37 years remained troubled with internal chaos,
provided way for Buhlul Lodi, an Afghan chief to come to
power in Delhi –Lodi Dynasty.

LODI DYNASTY
1451-1526
BAHLUL LODI (1451-1489)
SIKANDER LODI (1489-1517)
IBRAHIM LODI (1517-1526)
Tomb architecture under Sayyids & Lodis:

Octagonal type: Square type:


•Mostly for royalty due to association with •Typical cube & dome type –for nobles
first shrine-Dome of the Rock •Inspired by Alai Darwaza with 2/3 storey facades.
•Inspired by tomb of Khan –e- Jahan Telengani •Huge Boat keel Dome on top
•Octagonal space surrounded by open •Dome on squinches
verandah ,huge dome on top
The architecture of the tomb building of the three rulers Mubarak Sayyid, Muhammed
Sayyid and Sikandar Lodi are identical, the only exception is the crown of the dome of
Mubarak Sayyid which is four feet lower than the other two tombs.
MUBARAK SHAH’S TOMB
1434

Octagonal plan with 30’ sides, surrounded by an open verandah.


50’ high dome (boat keel shape) with 70’ base surrounded by chatris.
The hall and the verandah are provided with supporting sloping buttresses at the
Corners.
8 pillared chatris surround the dome.
A sixteen sided fortification, with turrets in each corner, supports the low dome
structure. The turrets are crowned by a lantern.
Three tiers of Quranic inscriptions adorn the springing of the ceiling of the dome,carved
plaster decorations.
The main entrance to its octagonal chamber is from the south, with arched openings
also on the other sides except on the west, which is occupied by a mihrab.
MUHAMMAD SHAH’S TOMB

The tomb of Mohammed Shah, the last of the Sayyid dynasty rulers, the earliest of the
tombs in the garden, was built in 1444 by Ala-ud-din Alam Shah as a tribute to
Mohammed Shah.

Lotus
fringe guldasta
• the structure HAs a central dome ringed by eight Hindu style Chhatris (umbrella
shaped domes) with lotus finials in symmetry with the octagonal shape of the
roof. Carved stucco decorates the ceiling inside with arabesques and calligraphic
motifs.
• Underneath lies eight graves – thought to be of Muhammad Shah Sayyid and his
family. The octagonal structure inspired the mausoleum of Sikander Lodi located
walking distance away, within the present day Lodi Gardens.
BARA GUMBAD & ADJACENT MOSQUE ( AD 1490)

Though it looks like a tomb it has no graves inside and is more like a colossal gateway to a
mosque. The gate, which stands on a platform furnished with arched recesses, is called the Bara
Gumbad on account of its lofty dome. It measures 18.89 meters square & has a height of 29 m.
Similar to Alai Darwaza in its form.
The walls of the Bara Gumbad are approx. 12 meters tall, above which a hemispherical
dome on a hexadecagonal drum extends another 14 meters from the roof level, for a
total building height of 29 meters above ground level.

A projecting portal composed of an ogee arch set in a rectangular frame (approx. 8


meters wide), is centered in each elevation
Shish gumabd

Typical cube & dome construction in local stone-Delhi Quartzite. Exterior decorated using Blue
glazed tiles .Dome ceiling decorated in floral motifs & Quranic verse.West side wall closed with a
Mihrab. Receding arches ,beam & bracket for upenings.
• Sheesh Gumbad or ‘Shish’ Gumbad is called so because of the ‘Sheesha’ or mirror-like appearance
that is reflected by the glazed tiles of Lapiz Lazulli and Turquoise.

• It was perhaps built during Sikander Lodi’s reign i.e 1489-1517 (Source: ASI’s Cultural Notice Board). It
is not known whose grave is buried below the Cenotaph that we see inside the tomb.

• Sheesh Gumbad has a square plan with arched entrances. The central arched openings are made
by Bracket and Beam method. The Western wall has Mihrab, suggesting it’s double use as a
Mosque.

• The tomb is single storeyed inside but has false double facade, i.e. False doors and windows marked
in the upper area of the facade, giving it an appearance of two-storeyed building.

• It is a fusion of Hindu and Islamic Architecture. The soffit of the dome is decorated with Quranic
inscriptions and floral motifs.
Bade khan AND chote khan ka gumbad
Bade khan ka gumbad
The domed octagonal chhatris (12pillared )at the corners of the roof, sixteen-sided
drum with a decorative minaret at each angle, etc., are the salient features of this tomb

Bade Khan-ka-Gumbad consists of domed chamber, built of rubble masonry. The


walls of the tomb are relieved by small recessed arches and terminate at angles
with semi-octagonal pilasters.
• This monument has five tombs of unknown persons and consists of a domed
chamber which is built of rubble masonry. The walls of the tomb have recessed
arches and terminate at angles with semi-octagonal pilasters. Some of the salient
features of this monument are domed octagonal chhatris at corners of roof,
sixteen sided battlemented drum with a decorative minaret at each angle.
CHOTE khan ka gumbad

This tomb considered to be built in "classic proportions" is located next to the Bade
Khan's tomb, which has a wonderful well maintained interior. The exterior walls of
the tomb, particularly at the entry, has carved plasterwork
TOMB OF SIKANDAR LODI
it was built in 1517-18 A.D. by Ibrahim Lodi over the remains of his father, Sultan Sikandar
Lodi. The architecture of the Period was simple, austere and formal.

Tomb of Sikandar Lodi (AD 1517) is a revival of the earlier Sayyid type, with its octagonal
plan, deep veranda and tall arches. The tomb stands at the center of an enclosed
precinct entered from a monumental portal facing south. It is topped with a double dome
without the more typical roof kiosks (chhatris).
•Built by Ibrahim Lodi, for his
father Sikander Lodi in 1518

•The tomb is set in the middle


of garden 76 m square with
walls 3.5m high.
•The western wall has quibla
marked by arches & paved area.
•The most important
structural feature of the
tomb is the double dome, which
was designed to preserve the
symmetry and relative
proportions of the body of
the building.
• This feature was probably
borrowed from Iran
•Interior has tile work &
painted –palsterd ceiling.
Architecture of Tombs with beautiful Proportion & massing :
•2 types ,octagonal & square
•Boat keel shaped dome-confident of craftsmen.
•Tombs elevated on a platform
•Garden tombs- later favored by Mughals
•Double shelled dome to achieve height
•Local stone msoary with plaster work details
•Often monochrome, glazed tiles sometimes
•Corner turrets-guldasta & lotus fringe on top of dome.
•Recceding arches,projected panel
•Arch & beam openings, chajjas & chatris
1N 1526 in the battle of Panipat Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi- establishes Mughal Dynasty in India

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