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Application of Differential Equation in Electrical

The document discusses the use of first-order differential equations to analyze L-R and C-R circuits in electrical engineering. It explains that differential equations can model the voltage and current in circuits containing inductors or capacitors combined with resistors. The general solution of a first-order differential equation describing such circuits has two parts: the complementary function represents the transient response, while the particular integral represents the steady-state response. Solving the differential equation provides the complete time-domain response of the network. The paper also outlines methods for obtaining the solutions to first-order homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations describing L-R and C-R circuits.

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Haroon Malik
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4K views

Application of Differential Equation in Electrical

The document discusses the use of first-order differential equations to analyze L-R and C-R circuits in electrical engineering. It explains that differential equations can model the voltage and current in circuits containing inductors or capacitors combined with resistors. The general solution of a first-order differential equation describing such circuits has two parts: the complementary function represents the transient response, while the particular integral represents the steady-state response. Solving the differential equation provides the complete time-domain response of the network. The paper also outlines methods for obtaining the solutions to first-order homogeneous and non-homogeneous differential equations describing L-R and C-R circuits.

Uploaded by

Haroon Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of Differential Equation in Electrical-Engineering

(HAROON-MALIK
REG NO: 19-EE-116; SECTION: D;
DEPARTMENT: ELECTRICAL-ENGINEERING)

Abstract:

The paper deals with the analysis of L-R and C-R circuit by using linear differential equation of first
order. A circuit containing an inductance L or a capacitor C and resistor R with current and voltage
variable given by differential equation. The general solution of differential equation have two parts
complementary function (C.F) and particular integral (P.I) in which C.F. represent transient response and
P.I. represent steady response. The general solution of differential equation represent the complete
response of network .In this connection, this paper includes L-R, C-R circuit and ordinary differential
equation of first order and its solution.

Key words: circuit analysis, classical method, L-R and C-R circuit, ordinary differential equation.

Introduction:

An equation which involves differential coefficient is called differential equation. A differential equation
involving derivatives with respect to single independent variable is called ordinary differential equation
and involving partial derivatives with respect to more than one independent variable is called partial
differential equation. The inter-connection of simple electric device in which there is at least one closed
path for current to flow is called electric circuit. The circuit is switch from one condition to another by
change in the applied source or a change in the circuit elements there is a transition period during which
the branch current and voltage changes from their former values to new ones. This period is called
transient. After the transient has passed the circuit is said to be steady state. The linear differential
equation that describes the circuit will have two parts to its solution the complementary function
corresponds to the transient and the particular solution corresponds to steady state. The v-i relation for
an inductor or capacitor is a differential.

A circuit containing an inductance L or a capacitor C and resistor R with current and voltage variable
given by differential equation of the same form. It is a linear first order differential equation with
constant coefficient when the value of R, L, C, are constant. L and C are storage elements. Circuit has
two storage elements like one L and one C are referred to as second order circuit. Therefore, the series
or parallel combination of R and L or R and C are first order circuit and RLC in series or parallel are
second order circuit. The circuit changes are assumed to occur at time t=0 and represented by a switch.
The switch may be supposed to closed (on) and open (off) at t=0. The order of differential equation
represent derivatives involve and is equal to the number of energy storing elements and differential
equation considered as ordinary.
The differential equation that formed for transient analysis will be linear ordinary differential equation
with constant coefficient. The value of voltage and current during the transient period are known as
transient response. The C.F. of differential equation represents the transient response. The value of
voltage and current after the transient has died out are known as steady state response. The P.I. of
differential equation represents the steady state response. The complete or total response of network is
the sum of the transient response and steady state response which is represented by general solution of
differential equation. The value of voltage and current that result from initial conditions when input
function is zero are called zero input response. The value of voltage and current for the input function
which is applied when all initial condition are zero called zero state response.

Table 1: Elements symbol and units of measurements

Data and Methods:

The paper uses secondary sources and table where necessary. The published journal and books related
to differential equation, circuit and systems mathematical physics and electrical engineering and
electricity from various publishers are the secondary sources as indicated in reference section.

Results and Discussion:

To study the transients and steady state in electric circuit, it is necessary to know the mathematical
concept of differential equation and its solution by classical method.

First order homogenous differential equation.


The first term of above solution is known as particular Integral and second is known as complementary
function. Particular Integral does not contains any arbitrary constant and C.F. does not depend on the
forcing function Q. If Q is constant. Then
Conclusion:

By using first order ordinary differential equation in L-R and C-R circuit we can find the current (i) and
voltage (v) in the circuit when inductance (L) or capacitance(C) and resistance (R) are given.
References:

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