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How To Read Engineering Drawings

Engineering drawings convey information through standardized symbols and views. They come in common sizes like D or A1 and use basic lines like object lines, hidden lines, and centerlines. Drawings illustrate dimensions, sections, and orthographic projections of objects. Civil drawings use contour lines and symbols to represent land features while architectural drawings provide floor plans and details of building elements.

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Rakesh Manral
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243 views

How To Read Engineering Drawings

Engineering drawings convey information through standardized symbols and views. They come in common sizes like D or A1 and use basic lines like object lines, hidden lines, and centerlines. Drawings illustrate dimensions, sections, and orthographic projections of objects. Civil drawings use contour lines and symbols to represent land features while architectural drawings provide floor plans and details of building elements.

Uploaded by

Rakesh Manral
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOW

TO READ
ENGINEERING
DRAWINGS
(CIVIL & Architectural Drawings)
SUBJECTS:

DRAWING BASICS

CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL


DRAWINGS
Purpose of Drawings
Drawings are used to convey information
about a wide range items such as:

• Architectural building layouts


• Electrical wiring
• Location of equipment
• How to assemble equipment
• Details of equipment
Drawing Sizes
 Drawings come in a alphabetical list of sizes for A to F with
D size being the most typical
A – (letter) A4 (210 x 297) Metric sizes
A3 (297 x 420)
8 ½ by 11inches
A2 (420 x 594)
B - 11 by 17inches
A1 (594 x 841)
C - 17 by 22 inches
A0 (841 x 1189)
D - 22 by 34 inches

E - 34 by 44 inches
F - 28 by 40 inches
Basic Lines

 Object lines
 Hidden lines
 Cutting plane lines
 Centerlines
 Extension lines
 Dimension lines
 Leaders line
 Phantom lines
Object Line Hidden Line

The object line is a heavy, dark line  The hidden line is used to show features or edges of
which identifies the visible edges of the an object that is not visible. It is a broken line of
drawn object or the surface of an medium thickness.
object.
Center Line Dimension Line / Extension Line

 The center line is used to locate the center • Dimension Lines are used to show the extent of a
of features. It is usually a fine, broken line dimension.
made of alternating short and long dashes.
• Extension Lines are use to extend a point from an
object.

Extension Line

Dimension Line
Phantom Leader
• Phantom lines are used to represents the • A leader is a fine line used to define a point or area.
outline of an adjacent part. It may have a note, dimension value or a number at
the end of it
• The also are used to show an alternate
position of a given part

1
Grind Surface

Phantom
CUTTING PLANE LINE BREAK LINES

• Cutting plane lines are used to indicate where an  Break• lines


Shortare uses
Break Line to terminate a
imaginary cut is made through the object. If it is view to conserve drawing space and
labeled the section may be redrawn in detail in avoid congestion.
another part of the drawing.

A A

 Break lines are also used to separate


internal and external features with
broken-out sections
SECTION LINES
• Section lines are used where a surface is illustrated as cut.
• It normally is used in a sectional view.
• The lines are normally drawn diagonally.
2 Dia

Dimensioning Systems 3/16


21/32 Dia
• Different systems of dimensioning are
generally used
Fractional Inch
• Fractional inch Dimensioning
1/2
• Decimal 1 9/16 Dia
• SI Metric M E T R IC D IM E N S ION IN G
Ø 50
D EC IMA L IN C H D IM EN SION IN G

2.00 Ø Ø 16.5
5
.656 Ø
.19

.50
1.56 Ø 13
Ø 40
Diameter symbol

DIMENSIONING EXAMPLE

Typical

Radius
ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
• Orthographic projection shows the drawn object from different views

Top
view

Left side Right side


Front Rear

Bottom

Projection view
CIVIL AND ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
Topographical Map Symbols
• Along with contour lines maps have many basic symbols to illustrate land
features and objects. The following are but a few examples.

Highway
Highway Bridge

Railroad Railroad Bridge

Telephone Line Suspension Bridge

Dam

Power Line
Example Symbols
Earth-rough grade

Concrete

Paving

Gravel

Earth-finish grade
Dimensioning
Opening

Stair case
Wall

place
Fire
material
Two-Story House Floor Plan

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