CHAPTER 12: HOUSE DRAINS & HOUSE SEWERS

1. SEWER REQUIRED
 It is considered that public sewer is not available if it is located more than 61m from the
proposed building or exterior drainage facility or any lot or premises thereat.
 Building sewer  beginning 0.6m from outside face of the wall.
2. SIZE OF BUILDING SEWERS
 Size of any building sewer shall be determined on the basis of the total number of fixture
units drained by such sewer, but in no case size of building sewer shall be less than 150mm.
3. GRADE, SUPPORT, & PROTECTION OF BUILDING SEWER
 Grade of building sewers shall not be less than 2%. In special cases where 2% grade cannot
be achieved, it may be reduced but shall not be less than 1%.
 Building sewer shall be installed not less than 0.6m from the outer face of the building,
foundation or wall nor less than 0.3m below the finish surface of the ground.
4. CLEANOUTS
 Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installed not to exceed 15m o.c. in straight runs
& each aggregate change in direction exceeding 135degrees.
 No cleanouts will be required when a building sewer or a branch thereof does not exceed
3m in length.
 Manholes can be installed in lieu of cleanouts & shall be located not exceeding 91m in
between & outlet pipe connections shall be made by the use of flexible compression joints
no closer than 0.3m from outside of the manhole.
5. SEWER & WATER PIPES
 The bottom of the water pipe, at all points, shall be at least 0.3m above the top of the
sewer or drain line.
 Water pipes constructed of clay or other materials not approved for the use within a
building shall be laid a 0.3m min. clear above the sewer or drain pipe.
 Water pipe joints shall be installed not less than 3m away from sewer line in both
directions.
6. ABANDONED SEWERS & SEWAGE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
 Every abandoned building (house) sewer, or part thereof, shall be plugged or capped in an
approved manner within 1.5m of the property line.
 All drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by at least 15.2m. The distance
may be reduced to not less than 7.6m when the drainage piping is constructed of materials
approved for the use within a building.

CHAPTER 13: JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

1. TYPES OF JOINT
 Caulked joints - for bell-&-spigot Cast Iron Soil (CISP) & other similar joints shall
be firmly packed with oakum or hemp & filled with pig lead to a depth of not less than
25.4mm.
 Threaded joints - for Iron Pipe Size (IPS) pipe & fittings shall be standard taper
pipe threads. Threaded Plastic Pipe shall be Sch.80 min. wall thickness.
 Wiped joints - joints in lead pipe fittings or between lead pipe or fittings &
brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples or traps shall be full-wiped lead joints. Wiped
 lead joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint not less than 19mm & at
least as thick as the material being joined.
 Solder & Sweat joints - joints in copper tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved brass or copper fittings. Solders & fluxes with a lead content which exceeds 0.002
are prohibited in piping systems used to convey potable water.
 Flared joints - for soft copper water tubing
 Cement Mortar joints - except for repairs & connections to existing lines constructed
with such joints such joints prohibited on new building sewers.
 Burned Lead joints - shall be fused together to form a uniform weld at lest thick as the lead
sheets being joined.
 Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe joints - shall be a sleeve coupling of the same composition as
the pipe or of other approved materials, and sealed with neoprene rubber rings or joined by
approved type compression coupling
 Mechanical joints - shall be for Centrifugal Cast Iron water pipe.
 Molded Rubber Coupling Joints - joined by means of molded neoprene rubber coupling
joints. Neoprene rubber shall be used in soils subject to oil intrussion.
 Elastomeric Gasketed & Rubber-ring Joints - shall conform to IAMPO (International
Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials) Installation Standard. Neoprene gaskets are
recommended for oil handling piping works.
 Pressure-Lock Type Connection - a mechanical connection which depends on an internal
retention device to prevent pipe or tubing separation. Connection is made by inserting the
pipe or tubing inside the filling to a prescribed depth.
 Shielded Coupling & Hubless Cast Iron Pipe joints - shall not be considered as slip joints.
2. USE OF JOINTS
 Clay Sewer pipes - shall be joined with neoprene gasket for hub & spigot joints.
 Screwed Pipe to Cast iron Pipe - shall be either caulked or threaded
 Lead to Cast Iron, Wrought Iron or Steel - shall be by means of wiped joints to caulking
ferrule, soldering nipple or bushing.
 Copper Water Tube- shall be joined by brass fittings properly soldered or brazed together.
3. SPECIAL JOINTS
 Copper Tubing to Screw Pipe Joints - shall be made by the use of brass adaptor fittings.
Joints between copper tubing & the fittings shall be properly sweated or soldered or made
with flared & screw ends adaptor fittings the connection between the treaded pipe & the
fitting made with a standard pipe size screw joint.
 Slip joints - may be used in fixture drains & traps.
 Expansion joints - used in soil & waste stacks to provide necessary expansion &
contraction joints of the pipes for high-rise buildings.
4. FLANGED FIXTURE CONNECTIONS
 Gasket Material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos, felt, or similar approved types.

CHAPTER 14: QUALITY & WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS, PLUMBING MATERIALS & REFLECTED
STANDARDS

1. USE OF COPPER TUBING

 Copper tube shall not be used for piping carrying chemical or industrial wastes
2. LEAD
 Lead bends & lead traps shall not be less than 3.2mm in wall thickness.
3. CLOSET RINGS (CLOSET FLANGES)
 Each such closet ring or closet flange shall be approximately 178mm in diameter, when
installed together with the soil pipe, present a 38mm wide flange & a groove face to receive
the fixture gasket or ball wax.
 Caulked-on closet rings or closet flanges shall not be less than 6.4mm thick & not less than
51 in overall depth.
 Four (4) bolts per water closet.
4. VALVES & FITTINGS
 Drainage Gate Valves shall be:
 Cast Iron bodies for 102mm or larger
 Cast Brass or Bronze bodies for sizes less than 102mm
5. REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLUMBING MATERIALS
 AHAM - Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
 ANSI - American National Standard Institute
 ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
 ASSE - American Society of Sanitary Engineers
 AWWA - American Water Works Association
 CISPI - Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute
 CS & PS - Commercial Standards & Product Standards
 FS - Federal Specifications
 IAPMO - International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials
 PDI - Plumbing & Drainage Institute
 PNS- Philippine National Standard Certification Mark
 UL - Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc.
 WQA - Water Quality Association
 ISO - International Standard Organization
 EN - European Committee for Standardization Central Secratariat

6. PLUMBING MATERIALS (some)

 ABS- Acrylonitrile-Butadine-Styrene
 DWV - Drain, Waste & Vent
 CPVC - Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
 UPVC - Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
 CPE- Chlorinated Polyethylene

APPENDIX A: RECOMMENDED RULES FOR SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

1. GENERAL
 Velocities shall not exceed 3m/sec of the maximum values given in the appropriate
installation standard.
 Allowances in Equivalent Length of Pipe shall be based on non-recessed threaded fittings.
For recessed threaded fittings or streamline solder fittings, use 1/2 the allowances.
2. DEMAND WEIGHT OF FIXTURES IN WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS
 The weights for maximum separate demands may be taken as 75% of the demand for
supply.
APPENDIX B: PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

1. GENERAL
 Where permitted by the rules & regulations of the Department of Environment & Natural
Resources (DENR). The building sewer may be connected to a private sewage disposal
system & shall be determined:
 Basis of location
 Soil porosity
 Ground water level
The system shall consist of a septic tank with effluent discharging into a subsurface disposal
field, into one (1) or more seepage pits or into a combination of subsurface disposal field
& seepage pits.
2. CAPACITY OF SEPTIC TANKS
 The capacity of any one septic tank & its drainage system shall be limited by the soil
structure classification.
3. AREA OF DISPOSAL FIELDS & SEEPAGE PITS
 When disposal fields are installed, it shall have:
 Minimum of 14m2 of trench bottom shall be provided for each system
 Side wall area of the required 304.8mm & not to be exceed 914.4mm below leach line
 When leaching beds are permitted in lieu of trenches:
 The area of each such bed shall be at least 50% greater than the tubular requirements
for trenches.
 Side wall area of the required 304.8mm & not to be exceed 914.4mm below leach line
 No excavation for a leach line or leach bed shall extend within 1.5m of the water table.
 No excavation for a seepage pit shall extend within 3m of the water table.
4. SEPTIC TANK CONSTRUCTION
 Septic tanks shall have a min. of 2 compartments
 Inlet compartment of any septic tank shall not be less than 2/3 of the total capacity of the
tank.
 Secondary compartment of any septic tank shall have a min. capacity of 1m3 & max.
capacity of 1/3 the total capacity of the tank.
 0.9m x 1.5m Min. dimension
 0.6m min & 1.8m max. depth
 Septic tanks having over 6m3 capacity, secondary compartment of such septic tank shall
have a min. 1.5m length.
 Septic tanks shall have a min. of 2 manholes with 508mm min. dimension
 Whenever a first compartments exceeds 3.7min length, additional manhole shall be
provided.
 Size of the vertical leg of a round inlet & outlet fittings shall not be less than the size of the
connecting sewer nor less than 104.6mm. a baffle type fitting shall not be less than the size
of the connecting sewer nor less than 106.6mm hor. dimension from inlet & outlet pipe
inverts.
 The inlet & outlet pipe or baffle shall extend 101.6mm above & at least 304.8mm below the
water surface. The invert of the inlet pipe shall be at level not less than 50.8mm above the
invert of the outlet pipe.
 Side walls shall extend at least 228.6mm above the liquid depth. The cover of the septic
tank shall be at least 50.8mm above the back vent openings.
  Partitions or baffles between compartments shall be of solid durable material & shall extend
at least 101.6mm above the liquid level.
5. CONCRETE SEPTIC TANKS
 Shall have bituminous coating or by other approve means extending at least 101.6mm
below the water line.
6. STEEL SEPTIC TANKS
 Shall have a of No.12 U.S. Ga. (2.8mm) min. thickness & shall have bituminous coating or by
other approve means extending at least 101.6mm below the water line.
7. DISPOSAL FIELDS
 When seepage pits are used in combination with disposal fields, the filter material in
trenches shall terminate at least 1.5m from the pit excavation.
 The inverts of all outlets shall be level & the invert of the inlet shall be at least 25.4mm
above the outlets.
8. SEEPAGE PITS
 Shall be circular in shape & shall have an excavated diameter of 2.2m min.
 Shall have a sidewall of 3m min. below inlet.
 Concrete slab covering of 127mm min. thickness.
 228.6mm min. inspection hole.
9. CESSPOOLS
 May be installed for single family dwellings where it is established that a public sewer
system will be available in less than two (2) years.
 Shall have a sidewall of 3m min. below inlet provided a strata of gravel or equally pervious
material of 1.2m in thickness is found therein. But in cases without such conditions, sidewall
may be increased to 6.1m min. below the inlet.
10. COMMMERCIAL or INDUSTRIAL SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL
 Interceptors shall have not less than two (2) compartments.
11. TYPES OF WATER CLOSET