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General Physics2 Lesson 4 PDF

Electromagnetic induction refers to generating an electric current by changing a magnetic field. Three key discoveries were: (1) Oersted found electric currents produce magnetic fields, (2) Faraday discovered induction through experiments with coils and magnets, and (3) Lenz's law states induced currents oppose the magnetic field change causing them. An LC circuit uses an inductor and capacitor to store and release energy, producing oscillations analogous to spring-mass systems. It can be used to select specific radio frequencies.

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John Renzo Molinar
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695 views

General Physics2 Lesson 4 PDF

Electromagnetic induction refers to generating an electric current by changing a magnetic field. Three key discoveries were: (1) Oersted found electric currents produce magnetic fields, (2) Faraday discovered induction through experiments with coils and magnets, and (3) Lenz's law states induced currents oppose the magnetic field change causing them. An LC circuit uses an inductor and capacitor to store and release energy, producing oscillations analogous to spring-mass systems. It can be used to select specific radio frequencies.

Uploaded by

John Renzo Molinar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY GENERAL PHYSICS 2: MODULE 4 Magnetic Induction, Inductance and LC Circuit

.
What is Electromagnetic Induction? Brief History of Electromagnetic Induction

 Electromagnetic induction refers to the generation of an  In 1820, Oersted first discovered that a
electric current by passing a metal wire through a magnetic field is always associated with an
magnetic field. electric current.
Electric current can be produced in a wire by simply  In 1831, August 29, Michael Faraday,
moving a magnet into or out of a wire coil. an English Physicist discovered
 Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the electromagnetic induction by his famous
production of an electromotive force across an electrical induction ring experiment
conductor in a changing magnetic field.
 When an induced current is produced because of
voltage production (E.M.F) due to a changing magnetic FARADAY’S LAW
field, it is called electromagnetic induction. “It states that, the E.M.F induced in a
wire is proportional to the rate of the flux
“No battery or other voltage source was needed to
through the loop.”
produce a current—only the motion of a magnet in a coil
or wire loop. Voltage was induced by the relative motion
of a wire with respect to a magnetic field.”
INDUCTANCE
*It is the relationship between current applied
to a structure and the energy stored in the
associated magnetic field.

*Inductance is the ability of a structure to


store energy in a magnetic field.

*The inductance of a structure depends on the


geometry of its current-bearing structures and
the permeability of the intervening medium.
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Induction
 For movements between magnetic bar and the
conductor, there will be deflections in galvanometer. LEN’Z LAW
- The induced E.M.F acts to the circulate a
 If the bar and the conductor remain steady then current in a direction that oppose the change
there will be no deflections in the galvanometer. in flux which caused the induced E.M.F

If the pole of the magnetic bar is changed, the According to Lenz’s law, the direction of
direction of induced current will change. included current in a coil is such that it
always opposes the cause which produces it.
 When the loops in the coil increases the deflection
 This law follows the law of conservation
become greater and when loops decreases the
of energy.
deflection become smaller.

Faraday’s experiments of Electromagnetic


Induction
Faraday conducted three different experiments to
find electromagnetic induction
 He used a coil of wire, galvanometer, and a
bar magnet, by noticing deflections he conducted
his first experiment.
 He replaced the magnet bar with a current
carrying solenoid to perform his second
experiment.
 He placed two coils close together face to face
but at rest with respect to each other and by
closing and opening the circuit he conducted his
third experiment.

He discovered that the changes in the magnetic


Page 1 of 2 GR ADE-12 STEM
field and the size of the field were related to the
KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY GENERAL PHYSICS 2: MODULE 4 Magnetic Induction, Inductance and LC Circuit

Alternating Current vs Direct Current AC -Alternating Current


Either as a voltage switching polarity or as a current switching AC electricity is widely used
direction back and forth, this “kind” of electricity is known as because:
Alternating Current (AC) • It is easily produced by
generators
Direct current (DC), which is electricity flowing in a constant • The maximum voltage can be
direction, and/or possessing a voltage with constant polarity. DC is changed easily using a
the kind of electricity made by a battery (with definite positive and transformer
negative terminals). • It can be controlled by a wide
“In alternating current (AC) the movement of electric charge range of components
periodically reverses direction. In direct current (DC), the flow of • It has a regular frequency
electric charge is only in one direction. “ which is useful for timing

AC Voltage
• The oscilloscope is used to measure
AC voltage, period and frequency

The alternating-current circuits that


power all the electrical grids of the
world have as part of their
components a generator that is
based on magnetic induction.
In applications where electricity is used to dissipate energy in the
form of heat, the polarity or direction of current is irrelevant, so
long as there is enough voltage and current to the load to produce
the desired heat (power dissipation). An electric circuit is a path in which
electrons from a voltage or current
However, with AC it is possible to build electric generators, source flow. Electrical current flow in
motors and power distribution systems that are far more efficient a closed path is called an electric
than DC, and so we find AC being used predominantly across the circuit.
world in high power applications.

LC CIRCUIT
An LC circuit An electrical circuit consisting of an inductor, of
inductance L, connected with a capacitor, of capacitance C.

LC circuits can be used to tune in to a specific frequency, for


example in the station selector of a radio or television.

In the fig. you may notice that from the simple electrical circuit
where there is a switch, voltage source and lamp as the load, the
Here are the analogies that equate the
inductor-capacitor circuit now has added elements, namely: behaviour of an oscillating spring-
inductor and capacitor. mass system and resonating LC
circuit:
-mass becomes inductance, L
-velocity becomes current, i
-spring constant becomes C to the
negative 1
-displacement from equilibrium
becomes charge, q
-maximum displacement (amplitude)
becomes Qo (the maximum charge
on the capacitor)

REFERENCES: For more info read


https://grade12physics.wixsite.com/electromagnetism/lc-circuit
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1JEymAVnIXn5agJA0GbHVPDBSDpd5NdfCBiHVEKSqk2s/edit?copiedFromTrash#slide=id.p22
https://www.slideshare.net/amckaytghs/ac-current?qid=45a87bb3-067e-4bd2-b1ac-641a25e25e76&v=&b=&from_search=1

Page 2 of 2 GR ADE-12 STEM

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