STRUCTURAL DESIGN

REPORT
OF
THE PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING FOR
Thoughts for Superb Living
Real Life Making Movement
(Manav Sewa Ashram)
Dhapakhel Lalitpur, Nepal

April, 2019
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SN Title Page No.

1 Introduction 1
2 Design Approach and Methodology 3
3 Analysis 4
4 Analysis Outputs 9
5 Design of Members 13
 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report comprises the summary of the design of the residential building of Thoughts for
Superb Living, Real Life Making Movement ( Manav Sewa Ashram) , at Dhapakhel ,
Kathmandu, Nepal. The report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions
made, the inputs made in the design and the design output. During the design, it is assumed
that the client will completely follow the architectural as well as the structural design. It is also
assumed that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made by the
client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or the
alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each individual floor
or the weight of the building is altered by more than 10% of the design weight of each floor
and the total weight.

The design calculations and the derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the
concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be provided
to the client or the concerned authorities when needed, upon request.
1.0 Introduction

1.1
Background

This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of "The Proposed Residential Building
of "THOUGHTS FOR SUPERB LIVING (REAL LIFE MAKING MOVEMENT,MANAV
SEWA AASHRAM)" at Dhapakhel , Lalitpur Nepal. The analysis and design has been based
on the prevailing codes that are in practice in Nepal, the National Building code of Nepal and the
IS code where applicable. This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the
assumptions made, the inputs made in the design and the design output.
The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.
A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the building as a
whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in seismic areas
additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The overall building must be
strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the ground without collapsing or
losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the critical sections, by transformation of
the whole or parts into mechanisms or by instability.
Failure of one structural element (e.g., due of explosions or collisions) should not cause
progressive collapse of the entire structure. Such a building will normally have alternate load
paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.

1.2 Nepal lies in a Seismic

Zone
Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate (Indo-
Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is constantly moving
under the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes in this region. As a result,
Nepal has witnessed many major as well as minor earthquakes during the past. Records show that
around 18 major earthquakes have shaken Nepal since then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake and 1934
A.D Bihar- Nepal earthquakes were the most destructive ones in the history of Nepal.
Thus structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so as to counteract
the forces due to earthquakes.
1.3 Salient Features

1.3.1 Project Information

Client : Thoughts for Superb Living (Manav Sewa Ashram)

Building Type : Residential Building

Location : Dhapakhel 8 “ka” ,

Lalitpur Plinth Area : 1676.79 Sq.ft

Total Area : 2909.125 Sq. ft

1.3.2 Building Features

Type of Structure : RCC Framed

Structure Storey : Four and

Half storey Extension Provision : No

Storey Height : 3.048 m

Total Height : 14.48m (From P.L. to top floor level)

1.3.3 Site Condition

Soil Type : II (for seismic consideration as per NBC

105) Seismic Zone Factor : 1

Soil bearing capacity : 125 KN/m2

2.0 Design Approach and Methodology

2.1 General

The structure is analyzed with Finite Element Method (FEM). Beams and columns are modeled as
frame (line) elements with sufficient and appropriate meshing. Modulus of elasticity and possion's
ratio for the materials used are taken accordingly. The section properties used are based
on preliminary section sizing with consideration for deflection, minimum sizing
specified and serviceability. Computation for stiffness as a whole is carried out using FEM based
on this software.

Modal Analysis is carried out up to twelve modes confirming more than 95% seismic
mass participation and it is applied for lateral seismic force distribution generated with NBC 105
based spectral Function for soil type-III.

For section design and check, suitable load combinations as suggested in NBC 105:1994 and if
not covered in that, IS 1893-2002 is referred with consideration of envelopes of internal
forces developed.

Foundation design is carried out to satisfy strength and stability

requirements.

2.2 Software used: (Introduction to Analysis

software)

The analysis for the structural system was carried out using Etabs version 9.2 which is a product
of Computers and Structures Inc, Berkeley, CA 94704. It is a FEM based software having facility
of RC Design based on IS- 456:2000.

2.3 Structural Performance

Structural response under limit state of serviceability is thoroughly checked. The force and
stiffness relationship resulting the deflection under various load cases and combined action of
forces are duly evaluated. Basically short- term elastic deflection due to vertical loads and lateral
deflection due to seismic forces are of major importance along with the long-term defection of
beam elements under sustained loading condition due to shrinkage and creep are also taken into
account.

2.4 Deformation under Vertical

Loads.

Maximum vertical deflection in all beam and slab elements that resulted under vertical
load of combined effect of self, imposed dead and live load are checked for critical elements and
maintained to be within permissible limit. Short-term elastic deflection and long-term
deflection due to shrinkage and creep due to sustained loads are also maintained within
permissible limits for all the elements. In order to control deflection of structural elements, the
criteria given in clause 23.2 of IS
456-2000 is proposed to be
used.
2.5 Deformation Under Lateral
Loads

An effect of lateral load due to seismic force is analyzed using response spectrum input
compatible with codal provision. Using Compatible Quadratic combination (CQC) method of
modal combinations combines the deformations and related forced reported. To control
overall deflection due to earthquake load, the criteria given in clause 7.11 of is 1893-
2002: the storey drift in any storey due to the minimum specified design lateral force,
with partial load factor of 1 does not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.

3.0 Analysis

3.1 Loading details/ Types of

Loads

a. Dead Load: The Dead load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the construction and
parts or components in a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like
beam, column, wall slab, staircase, etc; finishes applied in the building and some permanent
structures line water tanks etc.
b. Imposed Load: The imposed load comprises the loads due to the physical contribution to people
and the loads due to the nature of occupancy, the furniture and other equipments which are a part
of the character of the occupancy. The imposed loads on the structural system are based on the
codal provisions as specified in IS 875(part2)-1987.
c. Earthquake load: The Earthquake load is the horizontal/ lateral load induced by the
ground motion due to earthquakes. The design lateral load / force is considered in two
orthogonal horizontal directions of the structures. The earthquake induced lateral loads on
the structural system are based on the codal provisions as specified in NBC 105:1994.

3.2 Material
Specification
Considering Architectural, Economic and strength demands, reinforced cement concrete
(RCC) is used as the major structural material, the selected material also confirms the availability
and ease in construction. The concrete grade used is M20 in general but M25 for structural system
up to ground floor. Fe 415 is provided as longitudinal and shear reinforcement is structural
elements wherever RCC is used.
Considerations of material for loading and strength parameter are as detailed
below:

Concrete
Grade:
M20
Characteristic Compressive strength: 20
N/mm2
Unit weight: 25
KN/m3
Young's modulus of elasticity (E) = 22361000
2
KN/m

Steel Reinforcement (for both longitudinal and shear

reinforcement)
Grade: Fe
415
Yield stress: 415
2
N/mm
Bric
k
Unit weight: 19
2
KN/m
NOTE: During this design, brick is not considered as structural component and hence its
strength is not considered.

Finishin
g
Plaster
Unit Weight: 20.4
KN/m3
Floor
Finish:
Specification: 50 mm thick screed + punning on
floor
Intensity: 1.02
2
KN/m
NOTE: Additional load is considered for partition as
well
115 mm thick brick wall ≈ 2.0
2
KN/m

3.3 Loading on Structural

Model
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural
model;
 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on area element and that
distributed over length are imposed on line element whenever possible.
 Where such loading is not applicable, equivalent conversion to different
loading distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as
possible.
 For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with
the requirements of NBC 105:1994.
The earthquake induced lateral loads are determined and used from the spectral load cases based
on NBC 105:1994 Spectrum for Soil Type III. Lateral load thus developed is the product of
structural seismic mass, modal response and respective spectral ordinates.

3.4 Load
Cases
The following load cases were used for loading during the
analysis; Dead : Self Weight of the building structural
components Finish : Weight of the finishing of the slabs
Wall : Wall
loads
Live : Live load in the building area
elements
D-Stair : Dead load of the stair (including
finishing) L-Stair : Live load of the staircase
EQx : Spectral seismic load in X-
Direction
EQy : Spectral seismic load in Y-
Direction
3.5 Load Combination
The load combinations are based on NBC 105:1994. The following load combinations for Limit
State
Method of design are specified by NBC 105:1994.
1.5DL
1.5DL + 1.5LL
DL + 1.3LL ± 1.25EQ
0.9DL ± 1.25EQ
DL + 1.3SL ±
1.25EQ Where, DL:
Dead load
LL: Live load
EQ : Earthquake load
SL: Snow load

3.6 Assumptions
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant analysis and
design of structures:
 Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of the works.
 Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
 Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and specifications.
 The structure is adequately maintained.
 The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
 An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood, wind, waves
of tides.
 Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not occur, as the
small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance amplitudes.
 Subsoil does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at the site of structure.
3.7 Load Calculations

3.7.1 Dead load

Wall Load Calculation

Thickness of the wall = 230 mm (9") + two sides plaster = 0.25 m

Floor to floor height of the building = 3.024 m
3
Unit weight = 19 KN/m
Now, Load = γ * (height * thickness)
= 19 * 3.048 * 0.23
= 13.31 KN/m
UDL 13.31 KN/m is applied at external grid of the building.

Thickness of internal wall = 127 mm (9") + two sides plaster = 0.12 m

Floor to floor height of the building = 3.024 m
Unit weight = 19 KN/m3
Now, Load = γ * (height * thickness)
= 19 * 3.048 * 0.127
= 7.35KN/m
UDL 7.35 KN/m is applied at the internal grid of the building.
4.0 ANALYSIS OUTPUTS
4.1 Results from Structural models and analysis

3D Model of the Building

Stress Diagrams (Sample only)

Sample Axial Force

Diagram
Sample Shear Force
Diagram
Sample Bending Moment Diagram
 5.0 Design of Members

Modeling, analysis and design is carried out using the software. However design of the individual
elements is carried out manually. Results of the design output of beams and columns given by the
software are directly used but the design of slab, staircase and foundation is checked manually.
The sample calculation of the individual elements is presented
below.

Sample Slab Design

Long Span= 11.017

Short Span= 10.67
ly= 3.3588415
m lx= 3.2530488
m
ly/lx = 1.03 (<= 2 two way slab )
Assume
clear bar dia/2
d= 110 mm cover= 15 = 4
D= 129 mm

clear span
long dir 3.13 m
clear span
short dir 3.02 m

Effective
length ley 3.24 m
Effective
length lex 3.13 m

Total load calculation

self wt = 3.1425 KN/m2
floor finish = 1.2 KN/m2
Live load = 2.5 KN/m2
Total W = 6.8425 KN/m2
Factored load
= 10.26375 KN/m2 unit width of slab
taken
10.26375 KN/m

Select slab according to IS456 code (Clause D-1.1 and 24.4.1)

2
BMx = αx w lx
BMy = αy w lx2

One long edges discontinuous ( IS 456

Table 26 )
Negative moment at
αx(-ve) = 0.032 continuous edge
 Positive moment at mid-
αx(+ve) = span

0.024 αy(-ve) = R M
0.037 αy(+ve) = eq u
0.028 ui =
re 0
d .
Mx(+ve) = 2.42 KN-m 2417974 N- D 3
mm Mx(-ve) = 3.22 KN-m 3223965.3 ep 6
th
N-mm My(+ve) = 2.82 KN-m 2820969.6
(
N-mm My(-ve) = 3.73 KN-m 3727709.9 X
N-mm u
,
Max BM 3.73 KN- m
m a
x
3727709.9 N-mm
/
d
)

(
1

-
0
.
4
2
*
(
X
u
,
m
a
x
/
d
)
)
b

d
^
2

F
c
k

From Code IS
456:2000
Xumax/d
0.48 for Fe 415
Fy 2
Fck 20 N/mm (Mpa)
415
N/m b 1000 mm
2
m
2 2
d 1350.9766 mm

d 36.755634 mm

Provided
depth (d) 110 mm OK

Ast
Calculation

Mu = 0.87 Fy Ast d (1-(Fy Ast)/(b d

Fck))

d
i
r

Bottom bar
(+ve)

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast -
Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0

x = (-
b±
√(b2-
4ac))/
2a

1
.
8
9
E
-

0
4
 b -1
c 60.8824

2
Ast +ve 4566.06 mm
2
-ve 241.63 mm

Ast 2
needed 241.63 mm

Bar diameter φ 8 mm

Spacing 208.11 mm 208.1104

150
150 mm 335.2381

Top bar (-ve)

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0

2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

1.89E-
a 04
b -1
c 81.1765

2
Ast +ve 4477.65 mm
2
-ve 330.045 mm

Ast 2
needed 330.045 mm

Bar diameter φ 8 mm
Spacing 152.36 mm
150
150 mm 335.2381

Y - dir

Bottom bar
(+ve)
 It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0

2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

1.89E-
a 04
b -1
c 71.0294

2
Ast +ve 4655.22 mm
2
-ve 152.473 mm

Ast 2
needed 152.473 mm

Bar diameter φ 8 mm
Spacing 329.801 mm
150
150 mm 335.2381

Top bar (-ve)

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0

2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

1.89E-
a 04
b -1
c 93.8603

2
Ast +ve 4600.51 mm
2
-ve 207.184 mm

Ast 2
needed 207.184 mm

Bar diameter φ 8 mm
Spacing 242.71 mm
150
150 mm 335.2381
Minimum r/f 0.12% of b * D
2
154.8 mm
Spacing for
min r/f
Bar diameter φ 8 mm

Spacing 324.843 mm

300 mm

Provide
Spacing 10 mm dia @ 150 mm at bottom bars both sides
Provide
Spacing 10 mm dia @ 150 mm at top bars both sides

Check

Shear Check

Vu = w * 0.5 * lx 16.69424 KN
2
Τv = (Vu / b d) 0.1517658 N/mm

2
Ast at bottom of slab at mid span 335.238 mm

% Ast = 100*(Ast/ b d) 0.30476 %

From Code IS 456:2000

pg 73

% M20
2
0.25 0.36 Τc 0.386286 N/mm
0.5 0.48

k 1.3 (IS 456 clause 40.2.1.1)

2
k Τc 0.502171 N/mm

kΤc must be Greater than Τv O.K

Deflection

L/d = α β γ δ λ IS 456 Clause

23.2.1 α 26
 β 1
δ 1
λ 1

fs = 0.58 * fy * (Area of steel required/Area of steel provided)

2
Ast required at mid bottom of slab 330.045 mm
2
Ast provided at mid bottom of slab 335.238 mm

2
fs 236.9713724 N/mm

% of tension reinforcement at bottom 0.30476 %

from fig 4 (IS 456 )

γ 1.7

Allowable L/d 44.2

Actual L/d 29.573171

Allowable L/d > Actual L/d

(OK)
Isolated Footing

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOUNDATION (F1)

Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 Mpa

Grade of Steel (fy) = 500 MPa
Longer Side of Rectangular Column (Lc) = 300
mm Shorter Side of Rectangular Column (Bc) = 300
mm Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil (SBC) = 110
KN/m3
Unfactored Axial Load From Column (P) = 686.18 KN
Cover to rebar center (dc)= 50 mm

AREA OF FOUNDATION BASE

Area of Foundation Base Required (Areq) = 6.8618 m2

Length of Foundation Base Requied (Lreq) = 2.619504 m2

Provide Length of Foundation (L) = 2.6 m

Area of Foundation Base Provided (A) = 6.76 m2

NET SOIL PRESSURE

Net Soil Pressure at Ultimate Loads (qu) = 152.2589 KN/m2

= 0.152 N/mm2

DEPTH OF FOUNDATION

Bending Moment about an axis passing through the face of the column:

BM = 261.7711 KNm

Effective Depth Required

1) From Flexure

Effective Depth (d) = 190.994 mm

2) One-Way Shear

The critical section is at a distance d from the column face

Assume Percentage of Steel (pt) = 0.21 %

Design Shear Strength of Concrete (Tc) = 0.33 N/mm2

Effective Depth Required (d) = 364.1667 mm

3) Two-Way (Punching) Shear

ks = 1
Tc = 1.118034 N/mm2

Design Shear Strength of Concrete (T'c) = 1.118034 N/mm2

Effective Depth Required (d) = 338.2763 mm

Depth Required from Flexure = 190.994 mm

Depth Required from One-Way Shear = 364.1667 mm
Depth Requierd from Two-Way Shear = 338.2763 mm

Effective Depth of Foundation Required (dreq) = 364.1667 mm

Provide Depth of Foundation (d) = 380 mm

Total Foundation Depth (D) = 430 mm

DESIGN OF FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

Factored Bending Moment at Column Face (BM) = 261.7711 KNm

Area of Steel Required = 1652.729

Size of Bar Provided = 16 mm

Area of Each Bar (a) = 201 mm2

Spacing Required = 121.5928 mm

Spacing Provided = 125 mm

Provide 16 mm dia. Bars @ 125 mm C/C (both ways)

Area of Steel Provided (Ast) = 1607.68 mm2

Percentage of Steel (pt) = 0.163 %

Combined Footing (CF2)
Size of Column = 300 x 300 mm
Column
Sides
Longer side 0.3 m
Shorter Side 0.3 m

Load Factor Ultimate Load

Distance
P1 316.19 KN 1.25 Pu1 395.2375 KN 0.5
P2 670.19 KN Pu2 837.7375 KN
2.1764

Working Load 986.38 KN Resultant 1232.975

KN X = 1.64 m

For the Resultant to be at the center of footing,

L = 2X
Length = 3.28 m Distance beyond Second Column = 0.95 m

10 % of
Working Load 98.638 KN

Total Working
Load 1085.018 KN

Soil Bearing
Capacity 130 KN/m2

Area Reqd = 8.346 m2

Reqd Breadth
= 2.54 m

Provided B = 2.55 m

Net Upward
Pressure = 147.73 KN/m2

Soil Pressure
/m = 375.91 KN/m
Shear Force
Dist. (m) SF (KN)
0 0 x be the distance of 0 shear force
Just Left 0.5 187.95 x = 1.125-x
 Just Right 0.5 207.28 207.28 422.89
Just Left 2.1764 422.89
Just Right 2.1764 414.85 x= 0.551 m from min load = 395.2375
KN
3.28 0.0 = 1.125 m from max load = 837.7375
KN

Bending Moment
Dist. (m) BM (KNm) Maxm Maxm
0 0 (-ve BM) (+ve BM)
0.5 46.989
0.551 10.161 46.989 KNm 228.916 KNm
2.1764 228.916 46988550 Nmm 228915615 Nmm
3.28 0

Required Depth
BM = 0.36 (Xu,max/d) (1-0.42*(Xu,max/d)) bd^2
*Fck

Xu,max/d = 0.48 ( For Fe

415 )
fy = 415
N/mm2 fck = 20
N/mm2 b = 2.55
m
2550 mm
2=
d 6678.172
d=
81.720083

But We provide some Factor to Depth Because original Depth Falls in One Way or Two Way
Shear

Factor =
2
Depth =
163.44017

Actual
Depth
Provided (d) = 300
mm
D= 350
mm

Ast
Calculatio
n
BM= 0.87fy Ast
(d-(Ast*fy)/(fck*b))
Ast (-ve) Top
Bar

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0
2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

a 2.71E-05
b -1
 c 433.813876

2
Ast +ve 39318.14 mm
2
-ve 364.4 mm

2
Ast needed 364.4 mm Minm Ast = 0.12% bD
2
1071 mm
2
Actual Ast Reqd = 1071 mm

Bar dia. φ 12 mm

Spacing 269.387755 mm
150 mm
2
Ast provided 1923.43 mm

Ast (+ve) Bottom Bar

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0
2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

a 2.71E-05
b -1
c
2113.42487

2
Ast +ve 39188.97 mm
2
-ve 493.571 mm

2
Ast needed 1071 mm Minm Ast = 0.12% bD
2
1071 mm
2
Actual Ast Reqd = 1071 mm

Bar dia. φ 12 mm

Spacing 269.388 mm
150 mm
2
Ast provided 1923.43 mm

Check
One Way
Shear
Maximum Shear force occurs at a distance d from face of column
Z be the Critical
Shear Z = 422.89
0.825 1.125

3
1
0
.
1
1
7

K
N
Nomi
nal V
Shear ma Tv= 0.405 N/mm2
stress x/b % Ast 2.51E-01
(Tv) d
=

From IS 456:2000
Table 19
% M20
0.25 0.48
Tc= 4.80E-01 >
300mm
0.5 0.56
D= 350
2.51E-01 4.80E-01
K=1
Tc'= KTc 0.480
≥ 0.405
OK

Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)

Punching Shear Failure occurs at a distance d/2 from face of
column on either side
Periphery for puncing shear near the edge
Side 1 0.45 m
Side 2 0.6 m

=
 Tc= 1.12
Ks= 0.5+Bc ≤1
B
3 c
=
9
1
5
k
. s
=
2
0
4
.
5
+
1
K

=
N

1
Tc'= 1.12 > 0.63 N/mm2
OK
T

v Periphery for puncing shear at the center

Side 1 0.6 m
= Side 2 0.6 m

V u

/ =

o 8

* 3

d 7
bo=
2.1 m
.
Tv=
0.63
Tc'=Ks Tc 7
Tc= 0.25√fck
4
K

d
 bo= 2.4 m
Tv= 1.16
Tc'=Ks Tc= 0.25√fck
Tc
Tc= 1.12
Ks= 0.5+Bc ≤ 1
Bc
=
1 ks=
0.5+1 =
1
Tc'= 1.12 > 1.16 N/mm2 OK

Transverse Reinforcement
At near to the Edge
Max distance to the column at transverse direction 1.125 m

Factored Load Per unit Length of Beam = 154.995098 KN/m

BM at the face of Column A 98.082835 KNm

98082835.5 Nmm d = 300 mm

D= 350 mm

Width of Beam = Width of Column + 2/2* Effective

Depth of Foundation b= 0.6 m

Ast
Calculation
BM= 0.87fy Ast (d-(Ast*fy)/(fck*b))

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0
x = (-b ±
√(b2-
4ac))/2a

a
0.000115
28 b
-1 c
905.5332
64

2
Ast +ve 8654.73 mm
-ve
2
742.883 mm

2
Ast needed 742.883 mm Minm Ast =
0.12% bD
252
2
mm
Actual
742.883

Bar
16

Spacing
162.456
 175 mm
2
Ast provided 689.63 mm

At the center of column

Max distance to the column at transverse direction 1.125 m

Factored Load Per unit Length of Beam = 328.52 KN/m

BM at the face of Column B 207.89 KNm 207894416

Nmm d = 300 mm
D= 350 mm

Width of Beam = Width of Column + 2* effective Depth of

Foundation b= 0.9 m

Ast
Calculation
BM= 0.87fy Ast (d-(Ast*fy)/(fck*b))

It forms a quadratic 2
equation (Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0
2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a

a 7.6852E-05
b -1
c
1919.35019

2
Ast +ve 12897.842 mm
2
-ve 836.535 mm

2
Ast needed 836.535 mm Minm Ast = 0.12% bD
2
378 mm
2
Actual Ast Reqd = 836.535 mm

Bar dia. φ 12 mm

Spacing 121.727 mm
100 mm
2
Ast provided 1018.29 mm

The Required size of this Combined Footing is 3.28 x 2.55 m

Required Rebar in longer side (Longitudinal
Reinforcement) At top 12 mm φ @
150 mm c/c
 At bottom 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c

Required Rebar in shorter side (Transverse Reinforcement)

At top 12 mm φ @ 150 mm c/c
At bottom 16 mm φ @ 175 mm c/c

Required total Depth of Footing = 350 mm

Design of Staircase

Y= 25 KN/m3
Effective Span 4.23 m
Riser (R) 153
mm Tread (T) 254
mm
√ (R2+T2) 296.52
mm Assume waist slab thickness (d) 100
mm (D) 125 mm
Assumed grade of concrete (fck) M20
Assumed steel (fy) Fe 500

Loads on stairs
Self weight of waist slab 3.65 KN/m2
KN/
2
Self weight of steps 1.9125 m
Finish 1.2 KN/m2
Live Load 3 KN/m2
Total Load 9.76 KN/m2

Loads on landing
2
Self weight of slab 3.125 KN/m
2
Finish 1.2 KN/m
2
Live Load 3 KN/m
2
Total Load 7.325 KN/m

Design Moment considering 1 m wide strip fo waist

slab. Reactions
RA = 17.09 KN
RB = 17.60 KN

Max moment at x= 2.159 m from A support

BMmax 19.50 KNm/m

Depth required
M=2.66bd^2 (for M20 and Fe500)
d 85.62 mm
mm
d (provided) (OK)
125
Ast required
BM= 0.87fy Ast (d-(Ast*fy)/(fck*b))
Ast 388.86 mm2
φ= 12 mm a 2.00E-04
spacing 290.96 mm b -1
c 358.6206897
Distributors
= 0.12% of b D 150
mm2 φ = 8
mm spacing 335.24
mm

Shear check
Max shear at distance d from the support
Vu = 16.87 KN
Τv = Vu/b d 0.169 N/mm2

Τc
% = 100 * (Ast/b d) 0.388863682 %
for M
Τc = 0.47 20
k= 1.3
k Τc = 0.62 N/mm2 > Τv (OK)

Provide 12 mm φ @ 150 mm spacing c/c Main bars

Provide 8mm φ @ 150 mm spacing c/c Distribution bars
 Design of Beams and Columns

The design of beams and columns are done from the software itself. However, is to be notified
that the limitations of the design by the software have been evaluated and the adjustments have
been made accordingly. The samples (summary) of the design through the software based on IS
456-2000 has been presented here under.

Output for the Reinforcement Area (Beams and Column)

TABLE: Story Drifts
Story Load Case/Combo Direction Drift Label X Y Z
m m m
Story5 EQ x 1 X 0.000648 10 8.3942 4.5964 15.24
Story5 EQ x 1 Y 0.000127 8 4.1666 7.7694 15.24
Story5 EQ x 2 X 0.000639 10 8.3942 4.5964 15.24
Story5 EQ x 2 Y 0.000105 8 4.1666 7.7694 15.24
Story5 EQ x 3 X 0.000657 10 8.3942 4.5964 15.24
Story5 EQ x 3 Y 0.000148 8 4.1666 7.7694 15.24
Story5 EQ y 1 Y 0.0011 12 8.3942 7.7694 15.24
Story5 EQ y 2 Y 0.001097 12 8.3942 7.7694 15.24
Story5 EQ y 3 Y 0.001104 12 8.3942 7.7694 15.24
Story4 EQ x 1 X 0.000918 21 20.1808 0 12.192
Story4 EQ x 2 X 0.000893 21 20.1808 0 12.192
Story4 EQ x 3 X 0.000943 21 20.1808 0 12.192
Story4 EQ y 1 Y 0.001264 24 20.1808 7.7694 12.192
Story4 EQ y 2 Y 0.001381 24 20.1808 7.7694 12.192
Story4 EQ y 3 Y 0.001175 3 0 6.2454 12.192
Story3 EQ x 1 X 0.001268 21 20.1808 0 9.144
Story3 EQ x 1 Y 0.000895 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story3 EQ x 2 X 0.001223 21 20.1808 0 9.144
Story3 EQ x 2 Y 0.000808 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story3 EQ x 3 X 0.001313 21 20.1808 0 9.144
Story3 EQ x 3 Y 0.000983 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story3 EQ y 1 Y 0.001933 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story3 EQ y 2 X 0.000453 21 20.1808 0 9.144
Story3 EQ y 2 Y 0.002153 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story3 EQ y 3 Y 0.001713 24 20.1808 7.7694 9.144
Story2 EQ x 1 X 0.001357 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ x 1 Y 0.001223 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story2 EQ x 2 X 0.001302 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ x 2 Y 0.001117 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story2 EQ x 3 X 0.001412 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ x 3 Y 0.00133 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story2 EQ y 1 X 0.000546 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ y 1 Y 0.002163 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story2 EQ y 2 X 0.000685 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ y 2 Y 0.002434 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story2 EQ y 3 X 0.000407 21 20.1808 0 6.096
Story2 EQ y 3 Y 0.001892 24 20.1808 7.7694 6.096
Story1 EQ x 1 X 0.000929 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ x 1 Y 0.001011 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
Story1 EQ x 2 X 0.000887 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ x 2 Y 0.000927 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
Story1 EQ x 3 X 0.000972 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ x 3 Y 0.001096 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
Story1 EQ y 1 X 0.000518 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ y 1 Y 0.001578 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
Story1 EQ y 2 X 0.000627 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ y 2 Y 0.001793 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
Story1 EQ y 3 X 0.00041 21 20.1808 0 3.048
Story1 EQ y 3 Y 0.001363 24 20.1808 7.7694 3.048
 COLUMN DESIGN AND CALCULATION
Column Design
Frame ID C4 (5B) ex,min = L/500 + B/30 20 mm
IS 456-2000 Cl 25.4 ey,min = L/500 + D/30
fck 25 Mpa 20 mm IS 456-2000 Cl 25.4
fy 500 Mpa
Pu 742.42 KN Effective length
Mx 14.84 KN-m
My 46.99 KN-m lex 1.98185 m
L 3.049 m IS 456- 2000 Table 28 ley 1.98185 m
IS 456- 2000 Table 28
Size of Column
B 304 mm Pu*ex,min
Mex 14.85 KN-m
D 304 mm
Mey Pu*ey,min 14.85 KN-m

Design Moment

Mux 14.85 KN-m

Muy 46.99 KN-m

Check whether the column is Short Column or Long Column

lex/D 6.519243 < 12

IS 456-2000 Cl 25.1.2 ley/B 6.519243 < 12
IS 456-2000 Cl 25.1.2

It is a Short column

Assume clear cover (d') = 40 mm

So,
d'/D 0.13 ≈ 0.15 (Sp
16) IS 456-1978
No
w, Pu/(fck b D) 0.32 (Sp
16) IS 456-1978

Assume percentage of

steel (p)=

2 % Now,
 p/fck 0.08 (Sp 16) IS 456-1978

From Chart 45 from (Sp 16) IS 456-1978

2
Mu/(fck b D ) 0.14
Therefore,
Mu = 98330624 N-mm
98.330624 KN-m

Mu,limx = Mu,limy = 98.330624 KN-m

Now,
Puz = 0.45 fck Ac + 0.75 fy Asc IS 456-2000 Cl 39.6

Puz 1712006.4 N
1712.01 KN
Again,
Pu/Puz 0.43 IS 456-2000 Cl 39.6

αn Pu/Puz αn = 1.39
1 0.2
2 0.8
Check
αn αn
(Mux/Mu,limx) + (Muy/Mu,limy) ≤ 1 IS 456-2000 Cl 39.6

0.431 <1 OK

2
So required steel = 1848.32 mm

2
Nos dia(mm) Area (mm )
4 20 1257.14
4 16 804.57
Total 2061.71

2
Provided steel = 2061.71 mm OK

Tranverse Reinforcement

Dia of lateral tie = 1/4 th of the largest bar or 6 mm, whichever is more

largest bar = 20 mm

Dia of lateral tie = 6 mm But provided 8 φ mm bar

Spacing of tranverse reinforcement 100 mm IS 13920 Cl 7.3.3

Raft Design
Column Load (KN) X(m) Y(m) FzxX FzxY
A1 243.08 -2.098 1.791 -509.875 435.395
A2 500.76 2.096 1.791 1049.611 896.941
B1 344.057 -2.098 0.875 -721.681 301.050
C1 681.23 -2.098 -1.334 -1428.921 -908.653
C2 746.94 2.098 -1.334 1566.752 -996.300
Total 2516.067 -44.114 -271.567

Eccentricity:
ex = -0.018 m
ey = -0.108 m
Mx = Pu*ey = -271.567 23.9151487
My = Pu*ex = -44.114
Area of raft = 23.915 m2

Moment of inertia about CM:

Ix = 30.87912 m4 (BH3)/12 205.606
Iy = 73.45713 m4

Safe Bearing Capacity= 125 kN/m2

σx,y = P/A±Mx/Ix*Y±My/Iy*X

Column X Y Pu/A Mx/Ix*Y My/Iy*X σ

A1 -2.098 1.791 105.209 15.752 1.260 122.221
A2 2.096 1.791 105.209 15.752 -1.259 119.702
B1 -2.098 0.875 105.209 7.695 1.260 114.164
C1 -2.098 -1.334 105.209 -11.730 1.260 94.738
C2 2.098 -1.334 105.209 -11.730 -1.260 92.219

Hence, soil pressure at different points is less than the ultimate bearing capacity of soil.
OK
Calculation of depth of raft:

For critical column:

Column C2,

ultimate load, Pu= 746.94 kN

size of column = 0.3556X0.3556

Assume effective depth of footing, d= 450 mm

Assuming two way shear,

total perimeter(b0)= 2.389515 m

Shear stress due to load, Ʈv= 0.6946 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress, Ʈc= 1.118034 N/mm2 > Ʈv

OK
For critical edge column:
Column C1,

ultimate load, Pu= 681.23 kN

size of column = 0.3556X0.3556

Assume effective depth of footing, d= 450 mm

Assuming two way shear,

total perimeter(b0)= 1.92929 m

Shear stress due to load, Ʈv= 0.7847 N/mm2

Permissible shear stress, Ʈc= 1.118034 N/mm2 > Ʈv

OK

effective cover = 50mm + dia/2

= 60 mm
Overall depth = 510 mm
 soil pressure on beam 8-8 = 56.801 KN/m2
Maximum positive bending moment = 124.6505 KN

Reinforcement in long Direction is given by,

BM= 0.87fy Ast (d-(Ast*fy)/(fck*b))

It forms a quadratic equation,

2
(Fy / b d Fck) Ast - Ast + (Mu/0.87 Fy d) = 0
2
x = (-b ± √(b -4ac))/2a
a 5.55556E-05
b -1
c 636.7841635

2
Ast +ve 17338.93789 mm
2
Ast -ve 661.0621145 mm

2
Ast needed = 661.0621145 mm /m Minm Ast = 0.12% bD
2
612 mm
2
Actual Ast Reqd = 661.0621145 mm /m

Bar dia. (φ) 12 mm

Spacing required = 171.1531408 mm

Spacing provided = 150 mm 137.5
2
Ast provided = 754.29 mm /m
Provide Reinforcements:
At Top : 12 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c spacing in both direction
At Bottom: 12 mm φ bars @ 150 mm c/c spacing in both direction

Depth of Raft Foundation (Overall) = 510 mm