Equations + RatiosTheory ( QB — Pages)Chapter 1 Equations Animportantaspectin solving any mathematical problem is to form equations and solve them. This chapter will provide some basic concepts and to master this skill. 1.1 EQUATIONS IN ONE UNKNOWN Step 1: Read the problem carefully, and assign a variable to the unknown quantity. Step 2: Form the mathematical equation. Step 3: To solve the equation, isolate the variable on one side and remaining values on the other side. Example 1.1: ‘10 years later, Peter's age will be twice of his present age. Find Peter's present age. Solutio: Step 1: In the above problem, Peter's present age is unknown. Hence, let it be p. Step 2: Now 10 years later, his age (p + 10) will be twice of his present age (p). ie p+10=2p (age after 10 years = 2x present age) Step 3: Isolate variable on one side. > 2p-p= 10 =p=10 Thus, Peter's present age is 10 years. Practice Set 1. Solve for x: 7x-+ 23 = 2(x+4) 2. Solve for x: 2(5x- 2) = 3[2(x+ 1) +14] 3. 15 years later, Harry's age will be thrice of his age 5 years ago. Find Harry's present age. 4. Adam had $17.10 with him, He bought 3 apples for $1.50 each, 2 mangoes of $1.35 each and the rest he spent on 9 guavas. Find the cost of 2 apples and 1 guava. 5. Initially, a tank is % full of water. After adding 3 gallons water, tank becomes half filled. Find the capacity of the tank. 6. Last year, Betty’s income from January to June was $15,000 more than her income from July till September in the same year. If her income is same in every month, find her annual income. QB-11.2 EQUATIONS IN TWO UNKNOWNS. Step 1: Read the problem carefully, and assign variables to unknown quantities. Step 2: Form the mathematical equations. Step 3: To solve the equations, isolate variables on one side and remaining quantities on the other side. Then eliminate one of the variables (as illustrated in the following example). Example A store sells pens for $5 each and pencils for $4 each. If John buys a total of 10 pens and pencils for $44, how many pens did he buy? Solutio: Step 1: Inabove problem, number of pens and pencils bought is unknown. Let these be x andy respectively. Step 2: Total pens and pencils John bought: x+y=10 ~() Since cost of a pen is $5 and cost ofa pencil is $4 , he has spent Sx amount on pens and 4y on pencils. Total amount he spent is $44. Hence: Sx+4y=44 ~ 2 Step 3: Eliminate one of the variables (say y). Multiplying equation (1) by 4: 4ax+ dy =40 -B) To eliminate y, subtract equation (3) from (2): (5x + 4y) - (4x +4y) = 44-40 = 5x-4x=4 =x = 4, Le Number of pens John bought is 4. a smarter Way Remember: Too many equations take too much time to solve. Hence, try to solve the question by assuming only one unknown. Often a systematic approach and the use of a tabular method to frame the equations help to solve problem efficiently. Since the number of pens John bought is to be calculated, so let it be x. Pens Pencils Quantity: x 10-x Cost of each: $5 $4 Total cost: Sx + 4(10-s) = 44 = 5x+40-4x=44 = 5x-4x= 44-40 =x=4, ie, Number of pens John bought is 4. QB -2Carefully examine this method. If one unknown is assumed, one equation is to be solved. In previous case, there were two equations to be solved for two unknowns.Also, after solving the problem, read the question once again to verify what quantity is asked. Practice Set 1.2 1. Astore sells only 2 type of books: text books at $5 per book and note books at $4 per book. If Barrett buys 7books that cost him $31, how many text books did he buy? 2. Peteris 10 years older than Adam. 5 years ago, Peter was twice as old as Adam. How old is Peter now? 3. Peter and John weigh a total of 75 pounds. If Peter’s weight is 15 pounds less than twice of John's weight, how much does Peter weigh? 4. For a party, Nick spends a total of $200 on 125 sandwiches, which consists of single sandwiches and double sandwiches only. If single sandwiches cost $1 each and double sandwiches cost $2 each, how many double sandwiches did Nick buy for the party? 5. Victoria has 50 pieces of chocolates divided into 5-piece and 10-piece packages. If she has 4 more 5-piece packages than 10-piece packages, how many 10-piece packages does she have? 6. Ronan cuts a rope of length 50 inches into 2 pieces. If the length of the first piece is 5 inch more than the second piece, whatis the length of the longer piece of the rope? 7. Smith has equal number of nickels and quarters worth a total of $9. How many coins does he have? (Note: 1 nickel = 5 cents, 1 quarter = 25 cents, $1 = 100 cents) 1.3 SPECIAL EQUATIONS Sometimes a question might involve two unknowns, but only one equation is given. In such a case, it may ask one possible value, not a definite answer. Or it may ask for a ratio, which can be calculated by simplifying the given equation. Take a look at the following example. Example 1 Adam received 4 more votes than Peter in a student election. Which of the following could have been the total number of votes cast for the two candidates? (aji2z (B)13 (c)14 (pyis (E)16 QB -3.Solutio: Let Peter receives x votes. So Adam receives x + x/3 = 4x/3 votes. Adam: Peter Total 4x3 + k= Tx/3 Total votes cast for two candidates cannot be a fraction, so 3 in the denominator definitely cancels with x (ie. xis a multiple of 3), Hence, x/3 isan integer, and it follows that total votes should be a multiple of 7. +: Ix/3 = 14s the only possible value among the given options. Example a+b = 10. Find a/b. Solutio: Cross multiplication gives: a + b= 10a =b=100-a 9a =a/b=1/9 Practice Set 1.3 1. at b=15,b+ c= 10, andat c= 10. Find the value ofa + b+. 2, 24¥-5 ving 243¥ y y 3. Andy has half as many books as Bill, who has one third as many books as Charlie. Which of these can be total number of books three of them have? (4) 30 (8) 60 (c)90 (0) 120 () 150 NoN-LINEAR EQUATIONS: Non-linear equations (mainly quadratic equations) are an important part ofalgebra. This section will provide basic concepts regarding how to solve quadratic equations, equations with square roots, and inequalities. 1.4. QuapRaTic EQUATIONS Using Factorization: First write the equation in descending powers of variable (ie. first term with x, second term with x, and third term a constant). Then, split middle term into two terms, whose product is equal to the product of first term and last term. QB -4Example Solve: x? + 5x+6=0 Solution: Split +5x into two terms whose product is equal to +6x”. Two terms will be +2x and +3x. x? +5x+6=0 = x7 +2x+3x+6=0 ‘Take x common from first and second term, and 3 common from third and fourth term. = xQx+2)+3Qe+2)=0 = (x+2)(x+3)=0 (Product of two numbers is 0 = Atleast of these numbers is 0.) =x+2=0orx+3=0 =>x=-2orx=-3 Using Formula: Roots (or solutions) of a quadratic equation of the form ax* + bx + c= 0. are: Formula 1: _ -b+vb?—4ac 2a =b+b*-4ac =b-Vb?—4ac 2a . Le one root is TS and other is a Note: a,b, and c have to be considered with sign. Also, if b? - 4ac is negative, then roots don't exist, ie. given equation has no real solution (no value of x possible on number line). Example Solve: x’ + 5x+ 6= 0 byusing the formula. QB -5Solutio: Here a= +1, b= +5 and c= +6. Hence roots are given by: =bevVb-4ac _ -5+y5*-4(1)(6) 21) ie, roots are =>x=-2orx=-3 Practice Set 1.4 1. Solve the following equations: a) x7 + 5x-6= b) x'-4x-5=0 c) 2x7+7x+6=0 9 d) x°+5x-7=0 2. Ifx=4isa root of the equation: x* + kx - 8 = 0, then find the value of k. 3. Which of these equations has 4and 2 as roots? (A) P-6x-8=0 © (B) 7 -4x+8=0 — (C) x? + 6x +8=0 (D) #-6x+8=0 — (E) x7+6x+12=0 4. Ift+a= and x is an integer, what could be the value of b - a? (4) 3 4 m5 (D) 6 ©) 7 1.5 EQUATIONS WITH SQUARE ROOT To solve equations with square root, take the quantity with square root on one side and then square both sides. Example Solve for t: Jt=2 =4 Solutio: Squaring both sides gives: t- 2= 16 >t = 18 Note: After solving, always check the answer by substituting it back in the original equation. All the quantities in square root should be non-negative. Also, square root of anumber is non-negative. QB -6Example Solve for x: vx Solutio: Squaring both sides gives: x= x" - 4x+4 =x? -5x+4=0 (Split -5x into two terms whose product +4x7) =x? -4x-x+4=0 = (x-4)(x-1)=0 =x=40rx=1 Substituting x= 4 in x =x-2: V4 = 4-2whichis true. Substituting x= 1in Jx =x-2. v1 =1-2which is false. Hence, x = 4 is the only solution. Practice Set 1.5, 1. Solve the following equations: a)Vx-8=6 ib) ve7421=5 gxk-=— a) Yx?-2 - vx =0 vx-3 2. Ifx=9 isa root of the equation: Vx +kyx-8 = 0, then find the value of k. QB -7Answers: Practice Set 1.1 1. -3 2.13 Answers: Practice Set L.2 1.3 2. 25 years 3. 45 Ibs. Answers: Practice Set 1.3 1. 175 15 years 5. 24gallons $4.10 6. $60,000 75 7. 60 2 275 inches 7 2.0) n (s+ v53)2 4. b) 2 4 . d)2 QB -8Solutions: Practice Set 1.1 1. 7x+ 23 =2(x+4) = 7x+23=2x+8 = 7x-2x= 8-23 = 5x=-15 =>x= 2. 2(Sx-2)=3/2(x+1) +14] = 10x-4 = 3[2x+ 16] = 10x-4= 6x +48 = 10x- 6x=48+4 = 4x=52 =x=13 3. Let Harry's present age be h. After 15 years, his age (h + 15) will be thrice of his age S years ago (h - 5). =h+15=3(h-5) =h+15=3h-15 =3h-h=15+15 = h=15 years 4. Cost of 3 apples = 3 « 1.50 = $4.50; Cost of 2 mangoes = 2 x 1.35 = $2.70; Say, cost of 9 guavas =9g (where g is the cost of 1 guava) Total amount he paid = $4.50 + $2.70 + 9g which should be equal to $17.10 345+27+9g=171 39g=171-45-27 =9g=99 = =$1.10, So, cost of 2 apples and 1 guava = 2 x 1.50 + 1.10 = $4.10 5. Let capacity of tank be x gallons. Tank is initially % full = Water in tank = 3% x gallons After adding 3 gallons, total water = 3% x + 3, which is same as half of the capacity. Swxt3=%x = HX-Yx=3 4x - 3x >. 8 oixe 3 = Hence, total capacity = x= 24 gallons QB -96. Let Betty's monthly income be x. Betty’s income from January till June (6x) is $15,000 more than her income from July till September (3x). = 6x = 15000 + 3x = 6x 3x= 15000 = 3x= 15000 =x=$5000 Annual Income = 12 x 5000 = $60,000 Solutions: Practice Set 1.2 1. Text Books Note Books Quantity: x 7-x Cost of each: $5 $4 Total cost: Sx + 40-9 =31 = 5x-4x+28=31 =x=3 2 Adam Peter Present age: x x+10 S years ago: x-5 x+5 (present age - 5) Also, 5 years ago, Peter was twice as old as Adam. Hence, =>x+5=2(x-5) =x=15. = Peter’sage = 15 +10 = 25 years 3. Peter John Weights: x 75-x Peter weighs 15 pounds less than twice John's weight, ie, P= 2)- 15 =x=2(75-x)-15 =x=45, ie, Peter weighs 45 pounds. 4, Double Sandwiches Single Sandwiches Quantity: x 125-x Cost of each: $2 $1 Total cost: 2x + 1(125-x) = 200 = 2x +125 -x=200 =x=75 QB - 105-piece Packages Quantity: xt4 Chocolates in each: 5 Total chocolates: S(x+4) + = 5x+20+10x=50 =x=2 Longer Piece Length: x45 Total length: (x +5) +x=50 =x=225" = Length of longer piece = 22.5 + 5 = 27.5" Currency system followed in US is as follows: 1$= 100¢ (cent), 1 quarter = 25¢, 1 dime = 10¢, 1 nickel = 5¢, 1 penny = 1¢. Quarters Number of coins: x Value of each coin: 0.25 Total amount: 0.25x + 0 = Total number of coins = 2x = 60 Solutions: Practice Set 1.3 1 10-piece Packages x 10 10x =50 Shorter Piece x Nickels 0.05 0.05x 9 By solving given 3 equations, values of a, b, and c can be calculated. However, value of 3 unknowns is not asked, only a + b+ cis to be calculated, which can be obtained by adding 3 equations: >a+b+b+c+e+a=15+10+10 = 2(a+b+0)=35 >atb+e=175 x+y=5y axs4y Substituting x gives: sxt3y)/y¥ =(4y+ 3) /y QB-11=Ty/y =7 3. Let number of books with Andy be a, with bill be b, and with Charlie bec. As per the question, b = 3b =6aande = 3b > 6a= 3b=c a, and c= 3b. = 6a=¢ sa+b+c=a+2a+6a =>atb+c=9a = Total number of books isa multiple of 9 Only option (c) 90 isa multiple of 9, answer will be (¢) 90. ‘Solutions: Practice Set 1.4 1. a) x°+5x-6=0 x4 6x-x-6 x(x +6) - 100+ 6) = (x+ 6) (k-1)=0 x=lor-6 (Product of two factors must be -6x’, i.e. +6x and -x) b) x -4x-5=0 = X-Sxex-5 = (e+) (x-5)=0 = x=Sor-1 (Product of two factors must be -5x’, ie. +x and -5x) c) 2x°+7x+6=0 = 2x¢+4x+3x+6=0 (Product of two factors must be 12x%, ie. +3x and +4x) = (+2) (2e+3)=0 = x=-lor-3/2 d) x24+5x-7=0 = By using formula 1: a= +1,b=+5,c=-7 QB-122. x= 4 satisfies the equation x? + kx - 8 =0 => 42+k(4)-8=0 4k+8=0 =k=-2 3. 4and 2 are the roots of equation: (x 4) (x - 2) =0 ie.x*- 6x+8=0 4. b-a=x’, ie. b-ais square of an integer. Hence, b-a could be 4. Solutions: Practice Set 5 1. a) Ve-8 =6 Squaring gives: x- 8= 36 =x=44 b) ve? 421 =5 Squaring gives: x° + 21 = 25 a xwa4 => x=2or-2 3) v= Ix = eQ@r3) =2 (Cross multiply) = X-3x=4 (Squaring both sides) = x -3x-4=0 = (*-4 (e+ 1)=0 = x=4or-1, Butx=~1 does not satisfy original question. a) V2 = ie => x-2=x (Squaring both sides) = -x-2=0 > (x= 2) (r+1)=0 = x= 2or-1. But x= -1 doesnot satisfy original question. QB - 13,. x= 9 satisfies the equation Vx + kVx-8 =0 39 + k/9-8 =0 33 +k(I)=0 =k=-3 QB - 14Chapter 2 Ratio and Proportion Ratio and Proportion is the basic of percentages, and ultimately, of arithmetic. To form equations and understand variations, one should be thorough with the concepts of ratio. 2.1 Ratio Ratio is comparison of two or more similar quantities (units of both quantities have to be same). Eg. days ina non-leap year and in the month of April can be expressed as 365 : 30, ie. 365 isto 30. It can also be written as * or in simpler form as a or 73:6. Ifaand barein the ratio 3 5, then assume aas 3k and b as 5k. This method is very useful to solve ratio questions. Similarly, ifa :b:c=3:5:8,assumea=3k,b=Skand c=8k. Example and bare in the ratio 4 : 7. Sum of a and b is 132. Find a. Solutio: Leta = 4kand b=7k. 4k + 7k = 132, which gives: k= 12 k= 4%x12= 48 Practice Set2.1 1. Kim has a total of 15 marbles of red and yellow color. Ratio of the number of red to that of yellow marbles is 2 : 1. How many red marbles does Kim have? 2. A,B,and C divide the profit in the ratio of 3: 4:5. Ifthey made a total profit of $72000, then C’s share of profit is how much more than A's share? 3. Initially, the men and women in a room were in the ratio 4 : 3. Five women leave the room. If there are 28 men in the room, how many women are left in the room? 4. Inaroom, men and women were in the ratio 2 : 3. Later, 2 men entered and 3 women left, and their respective ratio now is 2 : 1. Find the number of people in the room now. 5. Amount of time three people spent on a project was in the ratio 1: 3 : 4. Ifthe project took total 200 hours, how many more hours did the person who worked for maximum. time spend than the person who worked for the least time? QB-15,2.2 PROPORTION Proportion is equality of two ratios, ie.a:b:¢:d ac ofif bod For two variables: irect Proportion: ais directly proportional to b, i increases). a increases as b increases (or b increases as a > ab > a constant Db Inverse Proportion: ais inversely proportional to b, increases). a decreases as b increases (or b decreases as a 1 Sac b = axb=constant Remember: _ Ifdirectly proportional, then RATIO IS CONSTANT; and if inversely proportional, then PRODUCT IS CONSTANT. Example 2 Cost of a diamond (in dollars) is directly proportional to the square of its weight (in carats). Diamond of weight 20 carats costs $20,000. What is the cost of a diamond that weighs 30 carats? Solution: Let ¢ be the cost in dollars and w be the weight in carats. = caw? = Ratio of c to w’, ie. cost to square of weight, is constant. When weight of diamond is 20 carats, cost is $20000. And cost is to be calculated when weight is 30 carats QB - 1620,000__¢ = 20° 307 20,000 == 30*x —— 20° = c= $45,000 Practice Set 2.2 1. 24:xis proportional to 144 : 400. What is x? 2. x: 10 is proportional toy :x. Given that y = 5x, what is x? (x + 0) QB-17Answers: Practice Set 2.1 1. 10 3. 16 5. 75hrs 2. $12,000 4.9 Answers: Practice Set 2.2 1. 200/3 2. 50 QB - 18Solutions: Practice Set 2.1 ellow = 1. Ret = Let yellow marbles be x and red marbles be 2x. = Total marbles = 3x= 15 >x=5 = Red marbles = 2x= 10 2. Let A got 3x, B got 4x and C got Sx dollar amount as profit share. =Total = 3x + 4x + 5x= 72,000 =x=6000 got 3x (ie. 18000) and C got Sx (ie 30000) = C got $12000 more than A. 3. Men: Women =4:3 => Letnumber of men be 4x and that of women be 3x. If5 women left the room, number of men left in room is still 4x, which is givenas 28. => 4x=28 =x=7 + Number of women initially present = 3x= 21 5 women left the room. Hence, women finally left = 21 - 5 = 16 4. Men: Women 13 = Let number of men be 2x and that of women be 3x. 2men entered and 3 women left. = Number of men in room is 2x + 2, and that of women is 3x- 3. Ratio is 2:1. 2x 4+2_2 3x-3 1 Cross multiply and simplify: x= «People in the room now = (2x + 2) + (3x- 3) =5x-1=9 5. Times inthe ratio 1:3: 4 = Letit bex, 3x and 4x respectively. Total time =8x=200 9 >x=25 Hardest working person spent 4x or 100 hrs and time spent by least working x or 25 hrs. ifference between their time = 75 hrs QB-19Solutions: Practice Set 2.2 24 _ 144 “x 400 = 14x = 24 x 400 =x=200/3 QB - 20Class Handout ( QH — Pages)“TO BE SOLVED ONLY WHEN INSTRUCTED BY YOUR FACULTY =: STRICT INSTRUCTION” EQUATIONS AND FRACTIONS ‘Today Tina is thrice as old as Rita and Rita is 4 years younger than Agatha. If Tina, Rita, and Agatha are all alive 5 years from today, which of the following must be true on that. day? I Tina is thrice as old as Rita. Il Rita is 4 years younger than Agatha. IIL Tina is older than Agatha. (A) Tonly ®) Monly (©) Wonly () Tand It ®) Mena A store currently charges the same price for each candy box that it sells. If the current price of each candy box were to be increased hy $1, 6 fewer of the candy boxs could be bought for $180. What is the current price of each eandy box? A $4 B) $5 (©) $6 (D) $30 () $40 QH-43 ‘A magician marks-off on a stick of length 1 yard in thirds and fifths and breaks the stick at the marked points. What is the maximum number of pieces which are equal in length? iA) 2 B) «© D) ®) a) A certain number of candies is distributed equally among Alice, Ben, Cane and Dino. Alice further distributes % th of his candies ‘equally among the other three people. Later, Ben gives half of his candies to Dino. What. fraction of the total number of candies does Dino have in the end? 15 w 8 wo = 16 ©@ + 16 15 o 2» ) be aw 4The weights of two wrestlers are in the ratio 7: 8. If each of the wrestlers puts on fighting accessories weighing 2 pounds, what is the ratio of their new weights? 8 ™ 5 12 iB 9 10 oa 9 (B) cannot be detrmined @B) © ) ‘The initial ratio of three variables x, y, and z is 3:24: 100. Values of x,y, andz are changed such that ratio of x to z is doubled while the ratio of y to z is halved. If the new value of x is 24, what is the new value of y? (A) 25 (B) 48 (©) 75 (D) 100 (®) 150 QH-44 If 2x* — bx + 36 = 7x has one root equal to 3, what is the value of other root? A) 4 ‘B) 6 (7 ‘D) 14 (E) 25 Cost of each bottle of water is same and the cost of each bottle of cola is same. What is the difference in the cost of 1 hottle of water and 1 bottle of cola? (1) 2 bottles of water and 5 bottles of cola cost $40. (2) 6 bottles of water and 15 botiles of cola cost $120.Ifx=— 1, thea ~ w 3 1 ® 4 © 0 1 o 4 ® 3 204) T 2 (A) 25 (B) 50 (Cc) 100 ©) 16 © 17 “ ® © 6 7 10 o > 10 3 (+ ¥5)(I- v5) (ay -4 (B) 2 © 6 (D) -4-25 «© 12, 13 14, (B) © ©) © Ifl es) (B) © co) () Ifx: (A) @) © (Dd) (E) Ir. + 2 Sthenx = a (2-5), then x = -7 -3 3 7 10 15 = §, then x= O24 (A) (B) © oo) () -37 OL 03 os 2820. ‘what is the value of - 32°? (a) 27 (B) +18 © 18 (0) 27 «81 29° +29 _ 29 (a) 870 (B) 841 © 38 () 31 () 30 (B) 26 © 1+Vé (@) 1426 © 246 Q-3 21 22, 23 24, @) «B) © © © (3 +2)3-2)= 7) (B) oO (D) (2) Boa We-4 -1 1 2 VAG is between « (B) © ©) ©) What is the value of 2x? — 2.4x~ 1.7 for x= 0.7? (A) (B) © () () 21 and 22 22 and 23 23 and 24 24 and 25 25 and 26 -0.72 = 142 - 1.98 -2.40 2.896)(0072) 054 a03 (A) 0.04 @) 03 28. Theexpression above is approximately equal to © 04 wi () 08 3 © 40 © 4 5 © 6 Ofthe following, which is the closest approximation of 502X049 9 1998 29. If Mariowas 32 years old8 years ago, how old was 1 he x years ago? a 10. (A) — 40 1 ~ @® = aia 3 © 4-x © + () 24-5 5 (E) M+xr o 3 © 4 2 30. It x, what is the value of x* + 3x—4? way -4 4 6 ® -1 What number when multiplied by 5 yields 5 as © o the result? @) a 2 eo 7 SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSF ® 2 31. Which of the following equations is NOT equivalent : i 3 (A) 25x +4 © F (A) 25e 2. 5x2 =3y— (vp) 2 (B) 75: 3 12 7 (C282 =(y+ 2-2) ® 5 (D) ©)32, 34. 35. 36. A rope 40 feet long is cut into two pieces. If one piece is 18 feet longer than the other, what is the length, in feet, ofthe shorter piece? Ay 9 @ ou © 8 (D) 2 (©) 29 If “basis points” are defined so that 1 percent is equal to 100 basis points, then 82.5 percentis how many basis points greater than 62.5 percent? ) 0.02 B) 02 © 20 () 200 (©) 2,000 Of the following, the closest approximation to 5.98(601.5 H (A) 5 @) 15 (©) 20 () 25 (BE) 225 Ifx+Sy= 16andx=—3y then y= (A) 24 @) -8 « -2 @) 2 © 8 ‘The value of -3 —(~10) ishow much greater than the value of -10-(-3) ? (A) 0 ®) 6 oO 7 (©) 4 (©) 2% Q-5 38 39, 40, =2and 2 3 x » © WF o 5 20 oO F 30 o + © 3 tte #0 and k= (a) -3-# (B) R-3 (©) 38 (D) k-3-28 (BH k-3428 3,5, 1. 100" 1,000 "100,000 (a) 0357 (B) 03507 (©) 038007 (D) 00357 (&) 003507 ‘A caterer ordered 125 ice-cream bars and 125 sundaes. If the total price was $200.00 and the price of each ice-cream bar was$0.60, what was the price of each sundae? (A) $0.60 (B) $0.80 (©) S100 (D) S120 (©) S16041 42. 43. 44. Ifx=1—3r and y=2r— 1, then for what value of does x=y? wo (B) 2 6 2 o F ® 0 Which of the following fractions is equal to the decimal 0.0625 ? wm 5 @ 3 © 2 » 4 ® % (3+ 8 =D + DOS = = 2 @® 3 o @ 5 © 6 1s ww ) © (0) © 0.248 0.252 0.284 0.312 0.320 46 41. 48, If the cost of 12 eggs varies between $0.90 and 31.20, then the cost per egg varies between (A) $0.06 and $0.08 (B) $0,065 and $0,085 (©) $0.07 and $0.09 (D) $0.075 and $0.10 (E) $0.08 and $0.105 3.003 _ 2002 (A) 105 (B) 1.50015 (©) 1501 (D) 18015 (1s If 1 kilometer is approximately 0.6 mile, which of the following best approximates the number of kilometers in 2 miles? (A) (B) © ©) 3) 10 ee A) @ -+ © @) (2)49. 50. SI 52 Irdx+3y =—2 and 3°46 what is the value of 2 w -3 B) - o (D) () If-3is 6 more than x, what isthe value of =? w 9 ‘B) +6 oO 3 (@) -1 ® 1 Ifa=7 and b= ~7, what is the value of 2a-2b +b? (ay -49 (B) 21 oO 4% 0) 8 («) 7 i “ ® 2 o 2 ¥ o © « Q-7 53 54 56. If.x' = 2y° and 2y = 4, what is the value of x° + y? (A) -14 (B) -2 (© 3 (D) 6 (8 Oand b #3, then b= A positive number « is multiplied by 2, and this productis then divided by 3. Ifthe positive square root of the result of these two operations equals x, ‘What is the value of x? ay 2 @ 4 ® 5 4 c 3 o 3 ©} In aweight-lifting competition, the total weight of Joe's two lifts was 750 pounds. Iftwice the weight offhis first lift was 300 pounds more than the weight, of his second lift, what was the weight, in pounds, of his first lift? (A) 25 (B) 275 (©) 325 (D) 330 (©) 40037, 58, 59, 60, Elena purchased brand X pens for $4.00 a piece and brand Y pens for $2.80 a piece. If Elena purchased a total of 12 of these pens for $42.00, how many brand X pens did she purchase? (Ay 4 (B) 5 oO 6 ©) 7 © 8 If Jack had twice the amount of money that he has, he would have exactly the amount necessary to buy 3 hamburgers at $0.96a piece and 2 milk shakes at $1.28 a piece. How much money does Jack have? (A) S160 (B) $224 (©) $272 (D) $336 ($544 Jack is now 14 years older than Bill. Ifin 10 years Jack will be twice as old as Bill, how old will Jack be in years? Ay 9 @ 1 © 2 ©) 23 (©) 33 A collection of books went on sale, and 5 of them ‘were sold for $2.50 each. Ifnone of the 36 remaining, books were sold, what was the total amount received. for the books that were sold? (A) S180 (B) S135 (©) $9 mS) (©) $54 6 62, 63 x 37|38 15 In the figureabove, the sum of the three numbers in the horizontal row equals the product of the three numbers in the vertical column, What is the value of ay? (A) 6 (15 © 35 () 75 © 9 Lois has.x dollars more than Jim has, and together they havea total of y dollars. Which of the following represents the number of dollars that Jim has? (A) @) © () 2-¥ (ye Which of the following fractions has the greatest value? : ee) 28 eye) 2 @)E) (B) © © 12 © cD)64, The sum of the ages ofDoris and Fred isy years. If | 68. A car dealersold.x used cars and y new cars during Doris is 12 years older than Fred, how many years May. Ifthe number of used cars sold was 10 greater ‘ld will Fred be y yeats from now, in terms of y? than the number of new cars sold, which of the following expresses this relationship? (A) y-6 (A) x> ly ® 2-6 (B) x>y+10 © 2 (Q x>y-10 a (D) x=y+10 o 376 () x=y-10 © 69, Ifx+y=aands—y=b, then 2xy = 65, On a 3-day fishing trip, 4 adults consumed food w costing $60. For the same food costs per person per day, what would be the cost of food consumed 5 by 7 adulis during a S-day fishing trip? (a) $300 o (B) si75 a (©) silos oO FT (0) sio0 © ett ©) ss 2 66, If 4is one solution of the equation? + 3x+k=10, 0 ‘here k isa constant, what isthe other solution? (ay -7 () -4 © -3 oO 1 © 6 67, OF the final grades received by the students in a 71, The temperature in degrees Celsius (C) ean be 1 ea’s bare B’s bare c's certain math course, sare a's, Lare B'S, 5 are C's, and the remaining 10 grades are D’s. What is the number of students in the course? (A) 80 (B) 110 () 160 (D) 200 (©) 400 Q-9 converted to temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (F) by the formula P= 2 C + 32. What isthe temperature at which F =C? (A) 20° () © o (D) 20° (E) 40"NUMBER OF SOLID-COLORED MARBLES IN THREE JARS Namberof | _Nunberof | Total Number of Jar | RedMarbles | Green Marbles | Red and Green Marbles x y 80 y z 120 R x Zz 160 72. In the table above, what is the number of green 2B. 74, marbles in jar R? (A) 70 (B) 80 © 9 (D) 100 © 10 ‘The cost of picture frame M is $10.00 less than 3 ‘tumesthe cost of picture frame N. Ifthe cost of frame M is $50.00, what is the cost of frame N'? ($13.33 ©) si6.6 ©) $20.00 (D) $26.66 (©) $40.00 Of the following, which is least ? O a @) (@2y ©) 002 02 () 7 © 02 16. 78 Of the following numbers, which one is third greatest? (A) 22-1 (B) V2+1 © 1-8 @ 2 ©) v2 Ifa = land 1, which of the following is ¢ NOT a possible value of b ? “a 2 @ 4 © 0 o 1 ® 2 Rene earns $8.50 per hour on days other than ‘Sundays and twice that rate on Sundays. Last week she worked a total of 40 hours, including 8 hours ‘on Sunday. What were her eamings for the week? (A) 8272 (B) $340 (© 398 (D) S408 (©) $476 1 UF ofthe money ina certain tst fund wasinvested in stocks, +in bonds, +in a mutual fund, and the 4 3 remaining $10,000 ina government certificate, what was the total amount of the trust fund? (A) 100000 (B) $150,000 (C) $200,000 (D) $500,000 (E) $2,000,00079, 80, 81 Marion rented a car for $18.00 plus $0.10 per mile riven, Craig rented a car for $25.00 plus $0.05 per nile driven. If each drove d miles and each was charged exactly the same amount for the rental, then dequals (A) 100 (B) 120 «© 135 ww) 140 ©) 150 ‘An author received $0.80 in royalties for each of the first 100,000 copies of her book sold, and $0.60 in royalties for each additional copy sold. If she received a total of $260,000 in royalties, how many copies of her book were sold? (A) 130,000 (8) 300,000 (©) 380,000 (D) 400,000 (E) 420,000 An optometrist charges $150 per pair for soft contact Tenses and $85 per pair for hardeontact lenses. Last ‘week she sold 5 more pairs of soft lenses than hard lenses. If her total sales for pairs of contact lenses last week were $1,690, what was the total number of pairs of contact lenses that she sold? wou (B) 13 «© 15 () 17 © 19 Q-1 82. 83, If 3 pounds of dried apricots that cost x dollars per pound are mixed with 2 pounds of prunes that cost. y dollars perpound, whatis the cost, in dollars, per pound of the mixture? ye oe (Cc) = (D) 5Gx+2y) (BE) 3x+ 2y If Sam were twice as old as he is, he would be 40 years older than Jim. If Jim is 10 years younger than Sam, how old is Sam? (A) 20 (B) 30 «© 4 (D) 50 © 0 Members of a social club met to address 280 newsletters. If they addressed. + of the newsletters 2 during the first hour and = of the remaining newsletters during the second hour, how many newsletters did they address during the second hour? (A) 8 @ 2 © 6 () 84 (12a1 92, 93, Ifthe number n of calculators sold per week varies with the price p in dollars according to the equation n= 300 — 20p, what would be the total weekly revenue from the sale of $10 calculators ? (A) $100 (B) $300 (©) $1,000 (D) $2,800 (©) $3,000 acon psa he pen ld ‘week were mushroom: and ofthe remaining pizzas sold were pepperoni, If of the pizzas sold were Pepperoni, how many were mushroom? (A) 3" @) Sn © gn 2 jn © jn Lloyd normally works 7.5 hours per day and earns $4.50 per hour. For each hour he works in excess of 7.5 hours ona given day, he is paid 1 5 times his regular rate. If Lloyd works 10.5 hours on a given ‘ay, how much does he eam for that day? (A) $33.75 (B) $47.25 (©) $51.75 (D) $54.00 (©) $70.00 96. Q-13 Which of the following must be equal to zero for all real numbers x ? 1 L I x+eay mY (A) Tonly (B) Honly (C) Land Il only (D) Mand Il only (Land ttt Envelopes can be purchased for $1.50 per pack of 100, $1.00 per pack of $0, or $0.03 each. What is the greatest number of envelopes that can be purchased for $7.30? (A) 426 (B) 40 (© 443 (D) 460 (E) 486 A certain electronic component is sold in boxes of 594 for $16.20 and in boxes of 27 for $13.20. A customer who needed only $4 components for a project had to buy 2 boxes of 27 because boxes of 54 were unavailable. Approximately how much ‘more did the customer pay foreach component due to the unavailability of the larger boxes? (A) $0.33 (B) $0.19 (©) So. (D) $0.06 (E) $0.0397. 98. 99, Drum X is ~ full of oil and drum ¥, which has twice the capacity of drum X, is $ full ofoil fall ofthe oil in drum X is poured into drum Y, then drum Y will be filled to what fraction of its capacity ? (A) ) © co) © Inacentai ofall the students school, 40 more than 401m 3 are taking a science course and of those teking a 1 seience course are taking physics. If; of all the students in the school are taking physics, how many students are in the school? (a) 240 ®B) 300 © 480 @) 720 960 A certain fishing boat is chartered by 6 people who are to contribute equally to the total charter cost of $480. If each person contributes equally to a $150 own payment, how much of the charter cost will cach person siill owe? (sso ®) $66 © sss (0) 850 ©) sas 100. 101 102, A glucose solution contains 15 grams of glucose per 100 cubic centimeters of solution. If 45 cubic centimeters of the solution were poured into an empty container, how many grams f glucose would be in the container? (A) 300 (B) 500 (© 550 (Dp) 650 (E) 675 1 In the formula ifr is halved, then Vis ry multiplied by “6 «@) 8 (c) 1 o + 8 1 (E) a Kim purchased n items from a catalog for $8 each. Postage and handling charges consisted of $3 for the firstitemand$1 for each additional item. Which of the following gives the total dollar amount of Kim’s purchase, including postage and handling, in terms of n? (A) 8242 (B) 8a 44 (© 942 (D) 9 +3 () +4103. A cashier mentally reversed the digits of one 106. Janlives. floors above the ground floor of ahighrise customer s correct amountof change and thus gave building. It takes her 30 seconds per floor to walk the customer an incorret amount of change. If the down the steps and 2 seconds per floor to ride the cash register contained 45 cents more than it should elevator. If it takes Jan the same amount of time to have as a result of this error, which of the following walk down the steps to the ground floor as to wait could have been the correct amount of change in forthe elevator for 7 minutes and ride down, then x cents? equals (A) 14 (A) 4 (B) 45 (B) 7 (c) 54 «c () 65 (D) 15 © 8 (E) 16 104, For alight that has an intensity of 60 candles at its 107. During the four years that Mrs. Lopez owned her source, the intensity in candles, S, of the light at a car, she found that her total car expenses were Pointe feet from the scurce is given by the formula ‘$18,000. Fuel and maintenance costs accounted for = OE sere kisa constant. I the intensity ofthe is Tight is 30 candles ata distance of? fet from the 53 OF the total and depreciation accounted for 5 of source, what is the intensity of the light at a distance the remainder. The cost of insurance was 3 times of 20 feet fom the source? the cost of financing, and together these two costs “ candle accounted for + of the total. Ifthe only other 1 ‘expenses were taxes and license fees, then the cost @) Leandte - of financing was how much more or less than the 1 © Heandles cost of txes and license fees? (D) 2 candles (A) $1,500. more (©) 3 candles (B) $1,200 more (C) $100 less 105. A tourist purchased a total of $1,500 worth of (D) $300 less traveler’s checks in $10 and $50 denominations. (E) $1,500 less During the trip the tourist cashed 7 checks and then lost all of the rest. If the number of $10 checks cashed was one more or one less than the number of $50 checks cashed, whatis the minimum possible value of the checks that were lost? (a) $1,430 (B) $1310 (©) $1,290 (D) $1,270 © Siiso Q-15 108. ‘A store currently charges the same price for each towel that it ells. Ifthe current price of each towel ‘were to be increased by SI, 10 fewer of the towels could be bought for $120, excluding sales tax. What is the current price of each towel? (a) SI © 2 oO 8 (D) s4 (® siz109, 110, UL. For telephone calls between two particular cities, a telephone company charges $0.40 per minute if the calls are placed between 5:00 a.m, and 9:00 p.m. and $0.25 per minute if the calls are placed between 9:00 p.m. and 5:00 am. If the charge for a call between the two cities placed at 1:00 p.m. was $10.00, how much would acall ofthe same duration have costif it had been placed at 11:00 p.m. ? (A) $3.75 (B) $625 (©) S98s (D) $10.00 (&) $16.00 Ina mayoral election, Candidate X received ¥ more vowsthanCandde and Canine reeved fewer votes than Candidate Z. If Candidate Z received 24,000 votes, how many votes did Candidate X receive? (A) 18,000 (B) 22,000 (C) 24,000 (D) 26,000 (©) 32,000 Today Rose is twice as old as Sam and Sam is 3 years younger than Tina. If Rose, Sam, and Tina fare all alive 4 years from today; which of the following must be true on that day? 1 Rose is twice as old as Sam I Sam is 3 years younger than Tina, I. Rose is older than Tina. (A) Tonly (8) only (©) Monly (D) Vand (Wand 112 13 ot 0 i On the number line above, the segment from 0 to 1 hasbeen divided into fifths, asindicated by the large tick marks, and also into sevenths, as indicated by the small tick marks. What is the least possible distance between any two of the tick marks? (A) (By © 0) a= B= BIN Bl- BI- ©), A certain clock marks every hour by striking a number of times equal to the hour, and the time required for a stroke is exactly equal to the time interval between strokes. At 6:00 the time lapse between the beginning of the first stroke and the end of the last stroke is 22 seconds. At 12:00, how ‘many seconds elapse between the beginning of the first stroke and the end of the last stroke? a R (B) 50 © 4 (D) 46 (BE) 44AnswersANSWER KEY TOPIC-WISE QUANTITATIVE PRACTIC QUESTIONS w}alwlalalolu}olaolo}<]|miola}|mlo 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 Ed 98 >lolwlolmlolmlolm|>|>lolololol@|>|mlololololo|mlalolo|mlol>|olol>Answer ExplanationsGMAT_Book 1 Solutions Equations oss oa? = (0.3)? = (0.3)? = 0.09. Therefore, the best answers C 2. Since 2-05 =15 and 1-05 = the number 2 ~ 0.5 is== = 3 times the number 1 ~0.5.Thus, the best answer is C |. The best answer is C. 3 = [CIC C1)2+C1)] = - 141-1) 1 Fog Thus the best answer's B 54.2) ~(45)(04) 30 5. One way to reduce the expression is: Another way is 0.12 Thebestansweris B. 6. Lor y= 2,and the bestanswer is D. 5 1. 2=14 Thebest answer is B. 2. Substituting the value ~1 for x inthe expression results in © vee The best answer is A. g0-8(20+4) _ 90-815) 2 =50x2 =100 ‘The best answer is C. 10.a 12, 13. 4, 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. a 22, 23, 24, 25. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions ‘Thus, the best answer isB. (1+V5)(1-5) 2 — (5)? ‘Thus, the best answer is A. 1+ YS —v5- (v5)? “4. ‘This complex fraction can be simplified by multiplying numerator and denominator by the lowest ‘common denominator, 12 6+4_ 10 E xa 3 ‘Thus, the best answer is E. Multiplying both sides ofthe equation by x yields x + 1 = 2x — 2, and combininglike terms leaves x= 3. The best answer is E. Since x = - (2 ~ 5),x =~ (-3) =3. The best answer is C. Multiplying both sies of the equation by 0.2 + x yields the equation 1.5= 1 + 53, sothatSx = 0.Sand 27. Thus, the best answer is A. ‘The easiest way to evaluate the expression is to factor 29 out of each term in the numerator. Thus, 29? +29 _ 2912941) _ 29130) 29 29 29 30; so, the best answeris E 1f3 ~x = 2x ~3,thenadding x + 3 to both sides of the equation yields 6 = 3x.Dividing both sides of the equation by 3 yields x = 2. Thus, 4x = Bandthe answer is D. (V7 +. V9)? = (2V7)’ = 47) = 28. The bestanswer is C. 2428 _ 20+ V5 2 1+ YBrand the best answer is One way to solve the problem is to express all fractions with the common denominator 12, that is, ‘The best answer (3+ 25-2) AB)? + 2V5—2V5 + 2-2) = 3-4 Thus the bestanswer's C. Since 21? = 441 and 22? = 484, V463 is between 21 and 22. ‘The best answer is A. For. = 07, the value of 2x — 2.4.x — 17 is 2(0.7)? ~ 2.4(0.7) ~ 1.7, or-2.40. The best answer is D. oar), 200 coxa PY oot To perform this computation, it is convenient to multiply: which gives 222.= 286 .4'The best answer is C.26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 31, 32, 33. 34, 35. 36, 37. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions $8200 5 approximately S228 = 25 The bestanswer is B ifn represents the number,¢ n= $ which yields =2, Thus, the bestanswer is. Since 403 is approximately 20 and (0.998)* is approximately 1, the value of the expression is approximately 8 or 3 The best answer isB If Mario was 32 years old 8 years ago, His present age would be = 32 + 8 = 40 years. So, x years ago his age must be = 40 — x. Thus best optionis . Matipyingboh sides of $= the value of x24 3x — 4 is 0, and the best answer is C. by2 +x yields 4 —x =x(2+x) = 2x + x2, or x24 3x — 4 = 0. Thus, Choice A is obtained by adding 4 to both sides of the equation 25x? = y? — 4. Choice B is obtained by ‘multiplying both sides of the original equation by 3, while choice C is equivalent because y? — 4 = (y +2)( y—2). Choice E is obtained by di 1g both sides of the original equation by 25. By the process of elimination, the answer must be D. Squaring both sides of Sx = y ~ 2, choice D, gives, 25x? = y2 — 4y + 4, which is NOT equivalent to the original. Therefore, the best answer is D. Let x be the length of the shorter plece of rope, and let x + 18be the length of the longer plece. ‘Then x +(x-+ 18) =40, which yields 2x +18 = 40, and x = 11. ‘The best answer is B ‘There isa difference of 20 percent between 82.5 percent and 62.5 percent. If1 percent equals 100 basis points, then 20 percent equals 20(100) or 2,000 basis points. The best answer is E. isto) ‘The value of the expression under the square root sign is approximately 225, Since 225 = 15%, VIZ5 = 15, and the best answer is B. ‘Substituting the second equation into the first equation yields ‘Thus, the best answer is E. ‘The value of -3— 7-(-1)=747 ‘The best answer is D. 10) is 3+ 10 = 7, and the value of -10— (-3) is~10 + 3 = -7. The difference is 14, Thus, the value of the first expression is 14 more than the value of the second, 2 =12. Since ‘and, =2and2= 3, it follows that x=38, 39. 40. a 42, 43, 44. 45, 16. 47. 48. 49. 50. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions =% and thebestansweris. Multiplying both sides of the equation k — the best answer is C Eby ke yields ? — 32k?) = x,orx = 3K? -3. Thus, each fraction is writte 0.03 0.005 decimal form, the sum to be found is, ‘Thus the best answer is E, Let y represent the price of a sundae ordered by the caterer. Since the caterer ordered 125 sundaes and 125 ice-cream bars, and the price of each ice-cream bar was $0.60 and the total price of ice-cream bars and sundaes was $200.00, it follows that 125(0.60) + 125y = 200.00. Solving this ‘equation yields y = $1.00. Hence, the best answer is C. Since x = y, the two expression for x and y can be set equal to each other. Thus, the equation 1—3¢ = 2-1 yields t =2 andthe best answer is D. ‘The fraction that is equal to the decimal 0.0625 is <5, = Hence, the best answer is. From the relationship (a + b) (a —b) = a? b?, W2+DV2-D)= Land (V3 + 13-1 3-1=2 Thus (VZ+ NWE- NWS + NWE-1) =C@=2, and the best answer is A. The fraction = can be converted to decimal form by dividing 31 by 125, which yields 0.248 Thus, the best answer is A Alternatively since 8125) = 1,000, 24 If the cost of 12 eggs varies between $0.90 and $1.20, the cost per egg varies between =" and =", or between $0.075 and $0.10. Thus, the bestanswer is D. gona _3(2.008) 3 zave = acon) 2 ‘The best answer is E. = #= 2, and the bestansweris A. If-xis the number of kilometers in2 miles, then 2 2 cTherefore, The best answer is A. + =2and: 773 Since 3x + 6 = 0, x = -2. Then, substituting -2 into the equation 4x + 3y ory = 2. The bestanswer is E. ~2 for x,4(-2) +3y = If is 6morethan x.then -3= x46. Therefore x= -9and! = or 3~ Thebes! answerisC51, 52, 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58, 59. 60. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions By substitution, the value of 2a— 2b + b? = 2(7) ~ 2(-7) + (-7)2 = 14 + 14 +49, or 77. The best answer is E. If follows from the equation that x + y = xy,sox= xy —y orx=y (x— 1). Therefore, y the best answer is A. H2y = 4,then y = 2 and x= 2y? =2(2)* = 16. Therefore, x*+ y= 16 +2 = 18, and the best answer is E Since (b - 3) (4+ 2)=0,it follows that either b ~ 3 ora O.Thatis,either b=3 or b #3 sven, sob =—},and thebestanswerisC. 3 yields 2x = 3r?, and, since x >0, itfollows that x = The best answer is therefore D. Let F and S be the weights, in pounds, of joe's first and second lifts, respectively. Then F + $= 750 and 2 F = S430. The second equation may be written as S = 2 F — 300, and 2 F — 300 may be substituted for S in the first equation to get F + (2 F — 300) = 750. Thus, 3 F = 1,050, or F = 350 pounds, and the best is D. Let x denote the number of brand X pens Elena purchased. Then the number of brand Y pent she purchased was 12 ~ x and the total cost of pens was 4x + 2.80(12 — x) = 42.00 dollars. This equation can be solved as follows, 4x + 280(12 —x) = 4200 Ax + 33.60 — 2.80% = 42.00 1.20x= 840 7 ‘Thus best answer is D. Let / be the amountof money Jack has. Then 2 = 3($0.96) + 2($1.28) = $5.44. So) = 4($5.44) = $2.72,and the bestanswer is C. Let j and b be Jack’s and Bill’s current ages, then j = b + 14andj +10 =2(b +10). By substtution,b + 14 + 10=2(b +10),andb + 24 = 20+ 20. Therefore, b = andj = 18, an Jacks age in S years is 18 +5 = 23 The best answer sD Since ofthe booksin the cllection were sold? were not sold The 36 unsold books represent! ofthe total number of books in the collection, and 2of the total mimber ofbooks equals 2(36) oF 72. The total proceeds ofthe salewas 72(62.50) or $160, The best answer is therefore A.61. 62. 53. 64, 66. 67. 68, 69. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions * * y ‘The sum ofthe three numbers in the horizontal row is 374+38+15, or 90. The product of the three numbers in the vertical column is 15:ry. Thus, 1Sxy = 90, or xy = 6,and the bestanswer is A. If is the number of dollars that jim has, then Lois has / + x dollars.’Thus, the amount, y that they have together is) + +x).S0 y=) + J +x) = 2) + x, = 75, and the best answer is A. Notice that (22)(52) is a factor of the denominator of each of the answer choices. Factoring it out will make comparison of the sizes of the fractions easier. 6 1 a ae bias aS ® BST = 2* CEH Qe = x Oma s* Oe wo sos ay QE BS *@GF Bey (ey yt RG” AH” BEI 10" By Of these fractions, the one with the greatest factor preceding —— is ey s* Der Thus, the best answer is D. Let d represent the age of Doris and f represent the age of Fred, Since the sum of Doris’ age and Fred's age is y years, d + f= y, and since Doris is 12 years older than Fred, d = f + 12.Substituting the ‘second equation into the first yields (12 + f) + f = y solving for f, f =22= 2-6 6+y=% Fred’sage aftery years is f + y= 6 Therefore the best answers. On the 3-day hing trip each adult consumed an average of Mor $5 worth food. Ths the cet food per person per day was $5. At the same rate, the cast of food consumed by 7 adults during a S-day fishing trip would be 5(7)(S5) = $175. The best arswer is B If 4is one solution of the equation, then 42 + 3(4) + k = 10 and k = ~18. Thus, the equation to be solved is x2 +3x ~ 18 = 10 or x? +3x ~28 = 0. Factoring the quadratic yields (x +7)(x — 4) =0, ‘which has solutions -7 and 4. Therefore, x = ~7 is the other solution, and the best answer is A. Ithere are x studentsin the course then (242+ £) x or (2) x ofthe students received grades of A,B or C,leaving only * or 10 students thatreceiveda D grade. Thus, = 10 and x= 200. Hence, the best answer is D. According to the problem, ifx is 10 greater than y, then x= y-+ 10, and the best answer is D. (etyP ax? 2xyty?=a',and70. nm 72, 73. 74, 75. 76. 77. 78, 79, GMAT_Book 1_Solutions (x —y)? =x?-2.ry +y? = b? Subtracting the second equation from the first yields 4xy = a? — b® and 2xy = = The best answer is A. Wx #2, then ELDa*+2 _ BE D= CD) WH 32 _ 7 the bestanswer 72 ca 72 is. Substituting F for inthe equation F =2C4 32 yields F = 2F + 32 Thus,-!F = 32,0r F = 32 (-4) =~ 40, and the best answeris E From the table, the total number of red marbles and green marbles in the 3 jarsis 2x + 2y +2z, which equals 80 + 120 +160, or 360.Dividing by2 gives you x + y + z= 180 but the total number of, red marbles and green marblesin jar P is x + y = 80, 30 substituting into the previous equation for x+y, youget 80 + z= 180 ‘Therefore z, which is the number of green marbles in jar R, is 100.The best answer Is D. Ifmis the cost, in dollars, of frame M, and nis the cost, m=3n-10 dollars, of frame N, itfollows that Therefore ifm = 50, then 50 =3n- 10,orn= = 20.The best answer iC. ‘The choices can be compared quickly, as follows. The first choice is +. = 5, the second choiceis (02)? = 004, the third choice i 0.02, the fourth choice is “2 = 0. andthe fifth choice is 0.2.Thebest answer is B. Since each option involves the VZ, itis convenient to think of how each quantity compares tothe V2. Since y2> 1, only option Cis negative if ABCD, and E denote the respective quantities, it can be ‘determined by inspection that 8 > E > D > C. Since A= V2 + (v2 —1), clearly A > E,but A> B. Therefore, B > A> E> D> C, and the best answers F Alternatively the value of each option can be estimated by using 1.4 for the V2. From ** it follows that a —b # 0,or a # b.Since itis given that a = 1, b cannot be equal to 1. ‘The best answer is D. Rene worked a total of 32 hours at $ 8.50 per hour during the week, and 8 hours on Sunday at $17.00 per hour. Her total earnings for the week were 32 ($8.50) + 8($17) = $408 The best answer is D. since $+ £4 £= 2 then ofthe trust fund was investedin stocks, bonds, anda mutual fund. Thus i F isthe dolar amount ofthe trust fund, the remaining * of is the dollar amount ofthe trustfund, the remaining + of is $10,000. Thais, F = $10,000, or F = $200,000. The best answer isthereforeC. Marion's total rental charge was 18,00 + 0.10d dollars, and Craig's total rental charge was 25.00 + 0.0Sd dollars. Since these amounts are the same, 19.00 + 0.10d = 25.00 + 0.0Sd, which implies 0,05d = 7.00, or d = 140 miles. Thus, the best answer is D.80. a1. 82, 83. a4, 85. 86, 87. 88, GMAT_Book 1_Solutions Ifthe author sold n copies, then she received $0.80 (100,000) or $80,000 for the first 100,000 copies sold, and $0.60 (7 — 100,000) for the rest of the copies sold, for a total of $260,000. The equation ‘$260,000 = $80,000 + $0.60 (n — 100,000) yields 0.6n = 240,000 and n = 400,000. ‘Thus the best answer is D. Ix is the number of hard contact lenses sold last week, then x + Sis the number of soft contact lenses sold. Therefore, ($85) + (x + 5)(6150) = $1,690 85x + 150x +750 = 1.690 235x= 940 xs4 So, the total number of hard and soft contact lenses sold was x + (x +5) =4-+9 = 13. Therefore, the best answer is B. ‘The total number of pounds in the mixture is 3 + 2 =5 pounds, and the total cost of the mixture is axe2y 3x + 2y dollars. Therefore, the cost per pound ofthe mixture is, A dollars, and the best answer is Let S be Sam’s current ageandlet J be Jim's current age. The statement “if Sam were twice as old as, he is, he would be 40 years older than Jim” can be represented by the equation 2 S = J +40, and the statement “Jim is 10 years younger than Sam” can be represented by the equation S—10=J, Substituting (S — 10) for J in the equation 2 =] + 40 yields2S = $ + 30 Thus, S = 30, and thebest, answer is B. Three-fourths of 20, oF 210, newsletters were not addressed during the first hou. Therefor, 2210) = 04 newsletters were aldresed during the second hour, and the best answer isD. With respect to I, as x increases from 165 to 166, expression 2x — 5 increases since 2x increases, therefore, the value ofthe expression is increasing. With respect to I, as x increases, its reciprocal decreases, therefore, the value of the expression as a whole increases. With respecttto III, for integers greater than 1, x? increases more rapidly than x increases so that the value of x? — x in the denominator increases, causing the reciprocal to decrease .Therefore, | and II increase but Il decreases, and the best answer is C. ‘The net change in the price of the stock for the week, in dollars, is the sum of all the change values for 1e best answer is C. the week thatis 12+ (- 340+ (4) +250r2 Since x2 - 6x +5 = (x ~5) (x 1), the roots of x2 ~ 6x + § = Oare 1 and 5. When these two values are ‘substituted in each of the five choices to determine whether or not they satisfy the equation, only in choice D does a value satisfy the equation, namely, 2(1)® — 2 = 0. Thus, the best answer isD. ‘The total sales revenue from the ox‘ords during the frst week was 10($35.00) = $350.00, and during the second weekit was 15($27.50) = $41250. Thus, the increase in sales revenue was $412.50 $350.00 = $62.50, and the answer ie A.89, 90. a1. 92. 93, 34. 95, 96. GMAT_Book 1_ Solutions ‘The grocery paid xp dollars for the produce. The grocery sold (x-y) pounds of the produce for s dollars per pound, and so the total income was (x — y)s dollars. The gross profit, or income therefore (x — y)s — xp -The best answeris A. nus cost, was Let x represent the number of items produced. The manufacturer's profit, P(x) is determined by subtracting cost from revenue, thats, P(2) = R(x) ~ C(x). Since R(x) = 15x dollars, (x) = Bx + 130000 dollars and PCa) = $150,000, 15x — (x + 130,000) = 156000. Solving this equation yields x = 40,000. Therefore, the best answe Ifthe price of a calculator is $10, then the number n of calculators that would be sold is, ‘= 300 - 20(10) = 100. Thus, the total revenue from thesale of 100 calculators at $10 each would be $1,000, and the best answer is C. the pizzas sold were pepperoni. The rato ofthe numberof mushroom pizzas sod to the numberof as sold was to, or Thus, there were n pepperoni pizzas sold, there were 2n smushroom pizzas sold and the best answer is B. Alternatively itof the pizas sold were mushroom, then (1—4) or 2 ofthe pizas were IF ei the total numberof pizas old thon 2 ofthe pizzas gold were mushroom, and 2 (2) 0 pepper Than peperonipnas were sl then aaa of Sn pie were OF the #n pizzas sold, (#4) n were pepperonl and the best answer is. Lioya's earnings fora 10.5-hour day is calculated by combining his earnings for a normal 75-hour ‘work day and his earnings for 3 hours overtime. Since he earns $450 per hour regularly and 1.5 times his regular rate for overtime, he earns 7.5(64.50) = $3375 for anormal day and 520.25 for his overtime. Therefore, his total earnings for the day is $54.00, and the with respect o,~eannot be zero since 1 divide by any number can never be evo. With respect Ux + x) equals zero forall eal mumbers x With respett Il, ® equa 1 forall nonzero real numbers x. Therefore, the bestanswer i B. ‘The cheapest rateis $1.50 per pack of 100, followed by $1.00 per pack of 50, and the most expensive rate is $0003 per envelope. Therefore, the greatest number of envelopes that can be purchased for $7.30 would be $86.00 (for 400 envelopes) $1.00 (for 50 envelopes) 10 x $0.03 = $0.30 (for 10envelopes) Total = $7.30 (for 460 envelopes) ‘Therefore, the best answeris D. ‘The customer paid 2 x $13.20 or $26.40 for 2 boxes of 27 components. This was $26.40 — $16.20, or $10.20 more than it would have cost to buy one 4-component bor. Thus the additional cost per component due to the unavailability of the larger boxes was “22, which is: approximately 80 19, 204 which is close to, butslightly greater than, “2° ‘Thus the answer is B.97. 98. 99. 100. 101, 102. 103. 104. 10s. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions Let xand y represent the capacities of drums X and Y, respectively. The amount of il n drum Xis x and the amount oll in drum Y is 2y. Since the capacity of drum Y is twice thecapacity of drum it follows tat y= 21, orx =4y,and the olin drum X's 2x=4y When the olin drum Xs poured into ¥,¥ contains Ly + 2y = #4, whichis ofits capacity. The best answer is I represents the number of studeats ia the school, then 40 + 2s are taking a seience course and 1404 44) are taking physics. I of the students inthe school are taking physics, 240445) ors=2(40+2s) = 8042s, and s— ‘Thus, s = 240, and the best answeris A. Since each person contributed equally to the $150 dewn paymentand the total costof the chartered boatis $480, each person still owes 22-552 55. Thus, the best answer is C. IFx isthe numberof gramsof gucose inthe 45 cuble centimeters of solution, then 2 + =675 Thus, the best answeris E wes multiplied by 8, and the best answer is B. Sr forr yields zi-= 2.= 8x z4y= BV ‘Thus, ifr is halved. Vis c 3 sept = 8x ‘The purchase price ofthe n items at $8 each was 8n dollars Postage and handling was §3 for the first item and $1(n1— 1) for the remaining n ~ 1 items ‘The total cost was, therefore, On 4 3+ 1(n —1) =9n + 2 dollars. The best answer is . Let x represents the units’ digit and y represent the tens’ digit in the correct amount of change before the digits were reversed. Since the cash register contained 4S cents more than it should have, it follows that (10x + y) — (10y + x)= 45. Simplifying yields 9x — 9y = 45, or x — y =5, which implies that the difference in the two digits is 5. Since 83 is the only number given whose digits have a difference of 5, the best answer is E. Inordertocompute$ = when d = 20,the value ofthe constant k must be determined, Since $= 30 candles when d = 2 feet, substituting these valuesinto the formula yields 30 =, or k = 2. Therefore, 0.2) when d= 20 fet the intensity is $= 2 candle Thus the best answer is A Let ¢ be the number of $10 traveler's checks that were cashed and let f be the m checks that were cashed thea t + f = 7, and either t = f +1 ort = f — 1. Thus, ort = 3and f = 4, In the first case, the value of the lost checks would have been ber oF $50 traveler’s er t = 4 and $1500 — £($10) — f($50) = $1,500 ~$40 — $150 = $1,310, whereas in the second case, the value would have been $1,500 $30 — $200 = $1,270. Since the lesser of these amounts is $1,270, the answer is D. Alternatively, note that the minimum possible value of the lost checks corresponds to the maximum possible value of the checks that were cashed. Thus, ¢ = 3 and f= 4,andthe minimum possible value of the lost checks is $1,500 — $30 — $200 = $1,270.106. 107. 108, 109. 110. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions Since Jan lives x floors above the ground floor and it takes her 30 seconds per loor to walk and 2 seconds per floor to rideit takes 30% seconds to walle down and 2x seconds to ride down after waiting 7 minutes (420 seconds) for the elevator, Thus, 30x = 2x + 420,x = 15. The best answer i D. ‘The distribution of the $18,000 in total costs is as mentioned below, Fuel and maintenane ($18,000) = $6000 812,000) = $7,200 Depreciation= *($18,000 — $6,000) Insurance plus financiny $18,000) ‘Total of Fuel and maintenance + Depreciation + Insurance plus financing= $6,000 + $7,200 + $3,500, 16,800 Hence, Taxes and license = $18,000 - $16,800 = $1,200 ‘Since insurance was 3 times the cost of financing, insurance came to $2,700 and financing came to $900 ($2,700 + $900 = $3,600). Thus, the cost of financing ($900) was $300 less than the cost of taxes and license fees ($1,200), and the best answer is D. Let pe the price per towel and let n bethe number of towels that can be sold for $120. Thus, et? np = 120 and (p + 1)(n — 10) = 120. Solving the first equation for n yields for nin the second equation yields (p+1)(22— 10) = 120, which can be solved asfollws 22, substits ? (@ +1)(420 - 107) = 1209 10(p+ 12 -p) = 120p (@+1)(2-p)=12p -p?4+11p+12=12p pe +p-12=0 @-@+4)=0 p=3or-4 Since p isthe price per towel, pcannot be ~ 4. Thus, p= 3, and the bestanswerisC. ‘The aio ofthecharge per minute fora call plcedat 1:00pm the charge per minute for acl placed 2t1:00 pis 25 or Therefor, the charge fora call placed at 1:00 pms $10.00, the charge fra call ofthe same duration placed at 11:00 pm would be (=) ($10.00), or $6.25, and the best answers B. If, y, and z are the number of votes received by Candidates X, ¥, and Z, respectively, then ys y= 22, and 2= 24000. By substitution y = (2)(24000) = 18,00 and x = (£28,000) = 24000 Candidate X received a total of 24,000 votes, andthe best answer is. Atemnatively, nd morediresty,x= (4) = «= 24000,14. 12. 113. GMAT_Book 1_Solutions When considering the relationships between people's ages, it may be helpful to keep in mind the fact that the difference between two ages remains corstant from one year to the next, but th not. Thus, statement I need not be true, whereas statement II must be true. For statement Il if R.S.and T denote the respective ages of Rose, Sam and Tina today, then R = 2 Sand $=T— 3, ratio does sothat R = 2(T' — 3). Thus, R > 7 ifand only if (7 — 3) >T,orT >6. ‘Therefore, statement Ill need net be true, and the best answers B. ‘The small tickmarks ae placed at, 2,2, £, Zand and the large ick marks arest2, 2, Zandt would be uch easier to compare distances between any? tick marksif the factions allhad the same denominator. The lesst common denominator ofall he facionsis 35, soil fractions were Converted to 35, the comparison ofthe mimeraters would be scent to determine theleast distance. So, the numerators for thesmull ticks would be 5,10, 15,20, 25, nd 30, and the others ‘would be7, 14,21, and 28.Thelleas distance between any 2of these umerators sso the east actual distance is The best answers ‘At6:00 there are 6 strokes and 5 intervals between strokes. Thus, there are 11 equal time intervals in the 22 seconds betweenthe beginning of the first stroke and the endof the las stroke. Each time interval = 2 seconds long. At 12:00 there are 12 strokes and 11 intervals betweon strokes. Thus, there are 23 equal 2-second time intervals or 46 seconds, between the beginning of te first stroke and the end of the last stroke. The bestanswer is D.