Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Chapter 6
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) represents the key
mitigation and enhancement measures for major impacts, which are translated into
concrete action programs/projects and defines the institutional framework and
mechanisms for ensuring their appropriate implementation. It likewise provides the
estimated investment requirements and commitments/guarantees to carry out the
proposed plan.

The Environmental Management Plan shall be composed of the following components:

• Design and Construction Management Program

• Social Development and Institutional Plans
• Environmental Monitoring Plan

6.2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Careful planning and adequate engineering design as well as observance of proper

construction practices are expected to address the impacts predicted to occur during the
construction and operation phases of the CALA project.

DPWH or its consultants shall prepare the appropriate engineering studies/plans and
implement the construction program. To ensure that the roles and responsibilities of
DPWH and its contractors in relation to the environment aspects are properly carried out,
the Terms of Reference for such contracts should contain specific provisions pertaining to
design criteria, safety considerations and observance of pertinent laws and regulations for
civil works, safety and environment. Environmental provisions and conditionalities must be
adequately stipulated in DPWH’s manual of operation and the contractors’ tender
documents and construction activities. Compliance to these conditions will be closely
monitored by DPWH in coordination with the DENR.

The critical component covered by the program refers to construction management since
the key impacts are those generated during this phase of work.

During construction, the following should be closely observed:

• Location and set-up of construction quarters near the project site (for migrant
workers only). These shall be provided with power and water supply and sanitary
toilet and washing facilities.
• Provision of stockyard for construction materials such as aggregates, cement,
reinforcing bars, among others.
• Identification of appropriate areas where excavated materials will be temporarily
stockpiled.
• Coordination with LGU and DENR authorities in the identification of the disposal
site for solid waste materials.
• Programming of land clearing and excavations during the dry season where
practicable.

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• Inevitable removal and cutting of trees must be undertaken with permit duly
authorized by the DENR.
• Construction of temporary erosion ponds and silt traps as necessary around the
work areas.
• Strict observance of proper cut - and - fills procedures to avoid or minimize any
wastage or removal of excavated materials from the work areas.
• Placing of material stockpiles and spoil dumps as far away as possible from the
waterways and provision of proper and adequate containment.
• Reduction of storage time of construction spoils and materials in the work areas.
• Observance of proper operational procedures in the use of heavy equipment for
transporting, hauling and moving earth spoils from one area to another so as to
avoid spills into the rivers or nearby waterways.

DPWH must require its contractors to implement a waste management program, which
will include regular collection and disposal of wastes at a designated sites approved by
the DENR. This program should include the following waste management practices:

• Provision of waste bins in various strategic points within the construction area for
the workers to dispose their wastes. Wastes from these containers will be
collected (dump truck of the contractor) regularly to be disposed at a designated
dumpsite by the LGU.
• Placing of recyclable materials at local material recovery facilities (MRF).
• Conduct of a thorough orientation of workers on proper waste disposal practices.
• Re-use of excess excavated materials as aggregate or fill.
• Regular hauling of construction debris to the designated dumping area to prevent
their accumulation on-site.
• Conduct of equipment/vehicle cleanup and maintenance as far away as possible
from work areas and waterways. Collection of spent and placement of used oil
placed in sealed containers and their proper disposal or sale to other users.
• Post construction clean-up and disposal of construction debris shall be a
contractors responsibility

The following measures shall be observed by the Contractor to reduce the incidence of
project related accidents:

• Designation of a safety engineer or its equivalent at the construction site at all

times.
• Provision of rubber boots, safety gloves, dust masks, colored raincoat and other
equipment for all workers as deemed necessary.
• Non admittance of technical staff, construction workers to work areas without the
use of appropriate safety apparel.

Contractors of DPWH should be required to source most of their labor requirement from
locally available and qualified labor force. Where practicable, construction and other
locally available materials and supplies should also be locally sourced to provide
business and livelihood to the host barangays, municipality and province.

The formulation of emergency response plan applies to projects whose failure will
translate to loss of life and property. In the case of the CALA road project, the risk is
essentially limited to vehicular accidents. Mitigation of these events shall be part of the
implementation of traffic rules and regulations as required by the Department of Public

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Works and Highways and the Department of Transportation and Communications

(DOTC). The proposed road as in all major thoroughfares shall have a buffer on both
sides which correspond to the established Right of Way.

The required rehabilitation plan shall be under the regular road maintenance activities
which include among others the monitoring/maintenance of embankments, drainage
systems and bridge abutments, among others.

6.3 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (SDP)

The SDP addresses the key socio-economic issues/concerns raised during the
household and perception surveys and FGDs. It consists of the following components:

• Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

• Land Acquisition and Resettlement and
• Employment and Livelihood Development

6.3.1 Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

The IEC will be undertaken to encourage the participation and cooperation not only of the
affected households but a broader sector of stakeholders and facilitate the establishment
of support linkages in the implementation of the project. The IEC consists of the
following:

• Information dissemination on the results of the EIA;

• Information on the final design of the proposed road alignments based on the
detailed engineering study and consultation with the affected HHs; and
• Information on project implementation and monitoring.

(1) Information on Project Design and EIA Results

This will be done by means of a public presentation or distribution of information materials

during the pre-construction phase of the project, which include the following information:

• Brief description of the project showing the proposed road alignment including a
sketch map of the project location and vicinities;
• The environmental issues/concerns raised during the surveys and FGDs and the
potential environmental impacts during the pre-construction, construction and
operation/maintenance phases of the project;
• The recommended mitigation/enhancement measures that will address both
negative and positive impacts, especially those related to ROW acquisition; and
• The participation/roles of the stakeholders in the implementation of the project.

The information materials will be in the form of flyers, fact sheets, posters, and pamphlets.

(2) IEC During Project Implementation and Monitoring

IEC will be undertaken during project implementation to generate participation and

support of the community, especially the affected families, in the following activities:

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• ROW acquisition;
• Project monitoring; and
• Employment of local labor and livelihood promotion.

While information dissemination were already conducted during the consultations with
LGU officials, from the municipal to the barangay levels, and the FGDs conducted in all
the affected barangays, more intensive campaign will be undertaken for the directly
affected households especially in barangays where many households were still
apprehensive about the project and were thus hesitant to participate in the sharing of
information, such as those related to ROW acquisition, during the surveys.

The distribution of IEC materials will be done, therefore, to complement the continuing
consultation with the affected households and other stakeholders in the project area. The
IEC will be crucial in finalizing the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP),
especially the compensation scheme and entitlements for the directly affected
households.

The estimated cost of the IEC component of the SDP is P2.25 million, at average of
P0.250 million per municipality/city.

6.3.2 Land acquisition and resettlement1

(1) Preparation/finalization of the LARP

The detailed LARP will be prepared and finalized to come up with an appropriate and
acceptable measure for mitigating the loss of land and other properties as well as income
opportunities of project affected families and persons (PAFs/PAPs). To be finalized
through series of consultations with the PAFs/PAPs during the detailed engineering
phase of the project, the LARP will be comprehensive and provide details on the process
and mechanics for the identification and profiling of PAFs/PAPs, inventory of losses (land,
houses, other assets, income), valuation procedures and appraisal, estimation of costs
and budget, resolution of complaints and grievances, and the different relocation stages
and process (if relocation is considered as an alternative compensation package instead
of cash compensation for loss of residential land and house).

(2) Entitlements and Compensation Scheme

The DPWH and the PAFs/PAPs will jointly determine and agree on the appropriate
compensation in accordance with the following compensation scheme:

1) Productive lands and crops

PAFs/PAPs losing more than 20% or all of their agricultural land, or in cases when the
remaining assets are not economically viable, are entitled to:

1
Resettlement refers to all measures taken to mitigate any and all adverse impact of the project on PAFs/PAPs property
and/or livelihood, including compensation, relocation and rehabilitation, where applicable.

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• Full compensation at replacement cost2 of the entire asset either through provision
of equivalent land of equal productive capacity (if available and so desired by the
displaced person) or through cash compensation;
• Displaced person who will lose their income will be provided opportunities for
livelihood, job matching or business development assistance in the project area;
and
• Appropriate transfer and subsistence allowances will be given during the transition
phase.

PAFs/PAPs losing less than 20% of their productive assets, where the remaining assets
remain viable for continued use, are entitled to cash compensation at replacement cost
for the affected asset.

Replacement of damaged or lost crops will be compensated at full replacement cost for
their net loss of income and/or damaged assets.

PAFs/PAPs whose land is temporarily taken will be compensated at full replacement cost
for their net loss of income and/or damaged assets.

Verification of land titles and tax payments will be undertaken before land replacement or
cash compensation.

2) Residential land house and other structures

• Full compensation at replacement cost of the entire asset either through provision
of equivalent land of equal productive capacity (if available and so desired by the
displaced person) or through cash compensation, and cash compensation
reflecting full replacement cost of the structures, without depreciation;
• I the PAF/PAP so wishes and the remaining land is still a viable residential lot,
cash compensation at full replacement cost will be provided;
• If after acquisition, the residential land and/or house are sufficient to rebuild the
residential structure lost, then at the request of the PAF/PAP the entire residential
land and structure will be acquired at full replacement cost, without depreciation;
• Tenants, who have leased a house or residential purposes, will be provided with a
cash grant of three months rental fee at the prevailing market rate in the area, and
will be assisted in identifying alternative accommodation.

3) Loss of business

• The provision of alternative business site of equal size and accessibility to

customers, satisfactory to the displaced PAF/PAP;
• Cash compensation for the lost business structure reflecting full replacement cost
without depreciation; and
• Cash compensation for the loss of income and opportunity during the transition
phase.

2
Replacement cost refers to the value determined to be fair compensation for real property based on its productive
potential, replacement cost of houses and structures (as reckoned on current air market price of building materials and
labor without depreciation or deductions for salvaged building materials), and the market value of residential land, crops,
trees and other commodities.

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(3) Voluntary Land Donations

Voluntary donation of land from community members who wish to do so in exchange of

project benefit or for the sake of the community will be accepted. However, procedures
will be in place to ensure that all donations are voluntary and freely given that the donor is
the legitimate owner of the land ad that the donor is fully informed of the nature of the
project and the implications of donating the property.

The following safeguards will have to be applied, depending on their appropriateness to

the cases being encountered:

• An assessment that the supposed donor does not suffer a substantial loss
affecting his/her economic viability as a result of the donation;
• Certification from the LGUs and the DPWH that the land is free of claims or
encroachments from any third party;
• Deed of Donation to the DPWH, as witnessed by LGU/government officials, and
notarized by a registered lawyer, with copies of donation papers furnished the
office of the municipal Assessor and the provincial Register of Deeds;
• Waiver of Rights/Quit Claim (for plants, trees, houses, structures claimed by
tenants or informal settlers)

(4) Costs and Budget

The LARP will include detailed cost of compensation and other entitlement, with a
breakdown of replacement or rehabilitation costs for agricultural and residential land
houses and other structures, business and other assets, public facilities and services and
utilities. The cost estimates will make adequate provisions for continuous consultation
and information dissemination, surveys and project supervision under contingencies.

(5) Complaints and grievances

Complaint and grievances relation to any aspect of the resettlement entitlements and/or
activities, including the determined areas and price of the lost asset, will be managed as
follows:

• Grievances will be filed by the PAF/PAP with the Complaints and Grievance
Committee (CGC) to be established by the project at the Barangay level to hear
complaints and grievances regarding the acquisition of land and other assets,
compensation, relocation, rehabilitation and other entitlements. Members of the
CGC include the Barangay Captain, Barangay Secretary, a member of the
Barangay Justice, as well as formal and informal representatives of the
community, where applicable.
• The complaint, grievance and appeal shall have the following levels:

Level 1: PAF/PAP lodges complaints and grievances to the CGC. The CGC will
have to document its investigation of the facts presented and provide a written
response to the PAP within fifteen (15) calendar days upon receipt of the
complaints.

Level 2: If the PAF/PAP is not satisfied with the decision of the CGC, the
PAF/PAP may appeal the case to the DPWH Project Management Office (PMO)

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within fifteen (15) calendar days upon receipt of the written decision/s from the
CGC. The decision of the PMO shall be rendered within thirty (30) calendar days
upon receipt of the appeal after validating the facts of the complaints.

Level 3: If the PAF/PAP is not satisfied with the decision of the PMO, the
PAF/PAP may appeal the case to the DPWH Secretary, through the DPWH
Regional Office, within fifteen (15) calendar days upon receipt of the written
decision from the Office of the Secretary. The said decision shall be rendered
within thirty (30) calendar days upon receipt of the appeal after validating the facts
of the case.

PAFs/PAPs will be exempted from paying all administrative and legal fees. Resorting to
courts without availing of this complaint and grievance process will make the appellant’s
action dismissible on the ground of non-exhaustion of administrative remedies.

(6) Implementation Arrangements, Supervision and Monitoring

The DPWH will implement the LARP in coordination and with the assistance of the
respective LGUs and national agencies concerned such as the NHA and the Philippine
National Police. The DPWH will be fully responsible for the preparation of the asset
inventories and the compensation plans in consultation with the PAFs/PAPs, and the
implementation of the LARP until the entire requirement has been completed.

Implementation of the LARP will be regularly supervised and monitored by the DPWH
Project Office. Internal monitoring and supervision will constitute:

• Verification that the baseline information of all PAFs/PAPs has been established
and that the valuation of lost or damaged assets and provision of compensation
and other entitlements have been carried out in accordance with the policies and
procedures adopted by the project;
• Record all grievances and their resolution and ensure that complaints are dealt
with in a timely manner.

Payment of compensation for ROW acquisition will have to be completed as planned and
issues pertaining to it likewise be resolved in accordance with the policies and guidelines
governing acquisition of land for ROW. DPWH cannot proceed to the construction phase
of the project unless these are accomplished.

(7) Relocation Phases and Processes

In case relocation is considered as an alternative mode of compensation preferred by

PAFs/PAPs, the activities will be incorporated in the final LARP. It will be divided into
three phases and undertaken in accordance with the humane approach as spelled out in
RA 7279 and its applicable implementing guidelines.

1) Pre-relocation phase

This phase will consist of the following preparatory activities:

• Forging of inter-agency agreement, through a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA),

among agencies that may be involved in the undertaking, namely, the DPWH,

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respective LGUs, and the NHA, and creation of relocation committee and action
teams composed of representatives of these agencies;
• Selection, acquisition and development of the relocation site, which are among the
first concerns of the committee and action teams;
• Conduct of social preparation activities, namely: consultations with community
leaders and social preparations for PAFs/PAPs active participation in the various
relocation processes; and
• Conduct of socio-economic survey, census and tagging.

2) Actual relocation phase

The actual relocation phase will include the following activities:

• Preparations prior to dismantling of houses and other structures;

• Dismantling of the houses and other structures;
• Loading and transporting of the families, dismantled and reusable housing
materials, and other items to the relation site; and
• Assignment of home lots and/or housing units.

3) Post relocation phase

The activities to be undertaken after the actual relocation are the following:

• Establishing interaction linkage between the relocated families and the host
community; and
• Facilitating job placement of PAFs/PAPs in the project or their engagement in
available livelihood and business opportunities therein, subject to the employment
and livelihood promotion policies and procedures adopted by the DPWH as
discussed in the next topic.

6.3.3 Employment and livelihood promotion

In order to facilitate employment of qualified local labor to fill the work requirements
during the construction phase of the project and, at the same time, enable the residents
to enjoy the livelihood and business opportunities that will be generated by the project, a
Manpower placement and livelihood promotion Committee will be organized for this
purpose by the DPWH in each of the 9 municipalities/city. To be composed of
representatives from the LGUs (Municipality and Barangay), affected households, and the
DPWH, the committee will undertake the following with support coming from the
respectively represented offices/groups:

Identify the job requirements of the project that can be filled by local labor through proper
representation with the contractors, and math this with the skills of the existing labor force
in the locality for subsequent placement;

Identify the livelihood and business opportunities to be generated by the project and
promote these to the residents of the area and if necessary, extend assistance to those
who are interested in terms of establishing contacts with clients/customers as well as
suppliers.

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6.4 INSTITUTIONAL PLAN

An environmental group exists within the DPWH which is responsible for the compliance
of the agency to existing environmental rules and regulations. The same group shall be
responsible for the overall implementation of the EMMP which will include among others:

• Overall planning and management of environmental mitigation, enhancement and

monitoring measures
• Overseeing the finalization and implementation of the various proposed plans
such as the LARP and Social Development Program.
• Organization of the MMT and secretariat support to the various committees of the
MMT;
• Coordination with DENR, LGUs, IAs/FIA and local communities concerning the
implementation of the various management plans
• Regular checking of the operation of the construction contractors regarding their
compliance with environmental clauses/conditionalities in their contracts

6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Environmental monitoring shall be undertaken to:

• To ensure that the recommended mitigation and enhancement measures as

embodied in the EMMP and ECC conditionalities are being implemented;
• To undertake regular monitoring of specific parameters in compliance with existing
environmental quality standards; and
• To determine the effectiveness of the EMMP and make recommendations for any
corrective or additional mitigating measures.

6.5.1 Monitoring Plan

A monitoring plan shall be developed based on the mitigation/enhancement measures

identified for significant environmental impacts and those that are moderately significant,
but can have critical effects if not mitigated. The environmental monitoring plan proposed
including the key parameters to be monitored is presented in Table 6.1. This covers both
the pre-construction/construction and operation stages. Figure 6.1 indicates the proposed
monitoring stations for air and noise.

The key parameters to be closely monitored are the following:

• soil erosion and sedimentation of water bodies during construction

• changes in water quality during construction
• air quality and noise impacts during both construction and operation
• tree planting and revegetation of critical areas

Based on the anticipated impacts, the frequency of monitoring by DPWH and the MMT
will be more constant and rigid during the construction phase. Monitoring DPWH during
the operation phase will be closely coordinated with the regional office of the DENR. The
baseline information generated during the EIA will generally serve as the benchmark data.
Additional measurements shall be made at stations near the proposed final alignment on
the final road position as determined in the feasibility.

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Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Project Phase Method and Scope Parameter Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (P)
1. Pre-Construction/ Construction Period
Physical
▪ Right of Way ▪ Monitoring of ▪ Contractor’s material ▪ Construction sites especially at Once a week during DPWH Part of DPWH
Earthmoving activities handling Program bridge sites construction supervision cost
Acquisition
▪ Vegetation Once a week during Construction Part of CC cost
▪ Engineering ▪ Slope profile and ▪ Abutments of bridge crossings,
clearing/tree geological signs of instability steep and high cuts construction or after Contractor
assessment of slopes heavy rains or earth-
cutting
quake event
▪ Excavation works
Water quality tests River water quality- Within 50 m downstream of Monthly during active DPWH/DENR/ MMT P750, 000/ year
▪ Foundation works ▪ ▪ ▪ construction periods
(DENR Administrative DO, pH, TSS, BOD, bridge sites (only at the point
Order No.34 (1990)) total and fecal where river water is used for ~P 9,000.00 per point
coliform some purpose downstream)

▪ Geo-hazard ▪ Erosion and siltation ▪ Waterways near construction Weekly DPWH/DENR/ MMT P240,000/ year
assessment sites

▪ Measurement of ▪ TSP, SOx, NOx ▪ Construction areas near built up Monthly during active DPWH/DENR/ MMT P1,400,000/ year
ambient areas (12 points) construction period ~ P7, 500 per point
concentrations (1999
Philippine Clean Air
Act)

▪ Measurement of ▪ Noise ▪ Construction areas near built up Monthly during active DPWH/DENR/ MMT P1,400,000/ year
ambient level (1978 areas (12 points) construction period
NPCC Rules and
Regulations)

▪ Monitoring of solid ▪ Presence or absence ▪ Construction sites and temporary Monthly Contractor
waste disposal of dumps, waste bins, quarters of workers
collection system
Biological

▪ Site Inspection ▪ Tree cutting/ balling ▪ Vegetated areas with ROW Before construction DPWH/DENR/ MMT P240,000

Socio-Economical

▪ Site inspection ▪ Worker health and ▪ Construction areas, worker’s Weekly Contractor
safety camp

▪ Site inspection ▪ Waste management ▪ Project site, worker’s camp Daily Contractor

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Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Project Phase Method and Scope Parameter Location Frequency Responsibility Cost (P)
2. Operation and Maintenance Period
Physical
▪ Operation and ▪ Measurement of ▪ TSP, SOx, NOx ▪ Selected sections of the Yearly DPWH/DENR/ MMT
Maintenance of ambient completed roads (12 points)
concentrations (1999
roads
Philippine Clean Air
Act)

▪ Measurement of ▪ Noise ▪ Selected sections of the Yearly DPWH/DENR/ MMT

ambient level (1978 completed roads (12 points)
NPCC Rules and
Regulations)
Biological

▪ Tree Planting, ▪ Critical Areas along ROW Weekly

Revegetation

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6.5.2 Implementation Monitoring

In compliance with the guidelines of DAO 96-37, a Multi-Partite Monitoring Team (MMT)
will be established to take charge of the preparation of the final monitoring program and
annual monitoring plan including the conduct of monitoring activities. The MMT is
proposed to be composed of the following:

• DPWH Representative
• DENR Representatives (DENR Regional EMB and/or PENRO/CENRO)
• LGU designated representative(s)
• NGO/PO designated representative
• Barangay designated representatives

The constituted/organized MMT shall review and validate, among others, the following:

• coverage of monitoring
• frequency of monitoring
• standard procedures/method of monitoring
• schedule of monitoring
• manpower requirements
• logistics

The MMT shall implement the environmental monitoring action plan. A monitoring
evaluation and reporting system shall be established to enable stakeholders to participate
in the process. Where necessary, the system shall be reviewed and updated in relation
to actual construction and site conditions.

This system may include the following elements:

• A system to properly coordinate, support and enhance the various monitoring

activities of the MMT as well as its manner of information exchange for monitoring
and evaluation.
• Identify institutional and other implementation issues or problem areas and identify
processes/mechanisms in resolving such issues/problems.
• Identify capability building mechanisms to be able to sustain and institutionalize
project monitoring.
• A system of reporting and utilizing monitoring and evaluation results for
information dissemination and for consequent action.
• A capacity building and strengthening for those staff who will be responsible for
the implementation of the environmental management and monitoring plan

The initial cost of the establishment of the MMT and finalizing the monitoring plan is
estimated at P100, 000. Monitoring during construction and operation is initially placed at
about P500, 000 and P700, 000 annually, respectively.

6.6 OVERALL EMMP IMPLEMENTATION AND RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

The overall EMMP summary including mitigation/enhancement measures, schedule of

implementation, estimated investment requirements, institutional responsibilities and
guarantees/agreements is shown in Table 6.2. The cost computations are rough estimates
and need to be verified/ validated during the plan finalization.

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6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL GUARANTEES, COMMITMENTS AND AGREEMENTS

To ensure the protection of the environment with the project, environmental guarantees,
commitments and agreements for the implementation of the proposed EMMP are
provided by the proponent along with the stakeholders of the project.

6.7.1 Environmental Guarantees

To ensure the protection of the environment with the project, environmental guarantees,
commitments and agreements for the implementation of the proposed EMMP are
provided by the proponent along with the stakeholders of the project.

A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was entered into by DENR and DPWH in 1999
setting down Rights and Obligations of both agencies for the protection of the
environment and conservation of the country’s natural resources. It is here that the
Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF), which is the usual provision of a fund source by
the proponent for any work required to address damages brought about by projects, was
replaced. This is stipulated in the MOA as follows:

“10. As a replacement to EGF, the DPWH shall ensure that Contractor’s

All Risk Insurance (CARI) is provided to cover expenses for the
following: indemnification/compensation of damage to life and
property that may be caused by the implementation of the projects
and abandonment/decommissioning of the project facilities related
to the prevention of possible negative impact.”

Likewise, an Environmental Monitoring Fund shall no longer be established by DPWH to

support the operation of the MMT and its various monitoring activities since the
undertaking of monitoring activites shall be carried out through a “Bayahihan” approach.
This is also stipulated in the MOA as follows:

“12. The Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) will be formed through

Bayanihan Approach, since there are no funds available for
Environmental Monitoring Fund (EMF). The MMT will be formed on
a voluntary basis (bayanihan) with members coming from the
EIAPO, Planning Service, EIARO (DPWH Regional Offices),
CENRO, PENRO, Local Government Units (LGU), Non Government
Units (NGO), POs experts and other cause oriented environmental
groups. In this regard, expenses of members of MMT in the
performance of their official duties will be charged to appropropriate
funds of their respective offices.”

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6.7.2 Project Commitments, Affirmations and Agreements

The commitment of the stakeholders responsible for the implementation of the

environmental management plan is essentially bound by the ECC conditionalities that
shall be issued by the DENR. This ECC shall be complemented by the contract of the
contractors which shall contain the appropriate environmental management provisions
and the memorandum of agreements which may be forged among the contractor, LGU
and the MMT.

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Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
1. Pre-Construction/ Construction Period
A. Physical Environment
Land

▪ Detailed engineering Terrain modification, S, P ▪ Clearing and excavation works to be planned during ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of constractor’s
soil and weathered (negative) dry season where practicable and scheduled so as to construction DPWH, DENR, contract and as input to
design; clearing within
rock displacement allow speedy concreting/backfilling of excavated cost MMT the feasibility study
ROW area; site grading,
sections
excavation, backfilling Erosion, siltation of S, T
local waterways (negative) ▪ Use of temporary siltation ponds3
bored piling at bridge
particularly at bridge ▪ Excavated materials be placed on appropriate
areas, crossings dumpsites or spoils area at some distance from
hauling/stockpiling of structure sites and provided with adequate
excavated and containment; re-use soil spoils for backfilling
construction materials ▪ Stockpiles of sand and gravel be fenced or so located
to reduce transport of sediments during heavy rains
including reducing storage time in work areas
▪ Observance of proper materials handling and heavy
equipment operations for transport, hauling and
moving earth spoils to minimize spills into rivers and
nearby waterways4
▪ Immediate revegetation of exposed areas which will
not be occupied by road structures
▪ Strict observance of proper cut and fill procedures
and materials balance to minimize wastage of
excavated materials from work areas
▪ Restoration or dredging of silted waterways upon
completion of construction activities
▪ Use of temporary sumps for detention of bentonite
used in drilling bored piles
▪ Use of tarpaulins or equivalent to cover exposed
stockpiles of excavated and construction materials
▪ Monitor river quarrying for construction materials

3
Sitation ponds correspond to sumps which temporary detain water pumped out of excavations. Detention will facilitate the settlement of sediments from the water prior to eventual release into
the nearby waterway.
4
This refers to the observance of caution in moving loaders and trucks laden with loose materials so as to minimize spillage and likely siltation while crossing waterways.

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Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
within the project area. Sources of construction
materials for the project will be identified and
approved for quarrying by the Mines and
Geosciences Bureau and/or the concerned LGU.
▪ Monitoring of earthmoving activities by a qualified
geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist
Slope destabilization at MS, T ▪ Undertake slope stability analysis supported by ▪ Part of Design ▪ Contractor and ▪ Part of contractor's
new cuts (negative) adequate geologic mapping, field tests and Cost DPWH contract and as input into
laboratory analysis for sections which will involve the design stage
large cuts. Drilling accompanied by appropriate
laboratory test may be undertaken. This is an option
to be taken by the contractor should his designer
require subsurface data for the proposed slope
stabilization measure. ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
▪ Install as necessary slope protection measures such construction DPWH, DENR, contract
as shotcreting, rock bolts or soil nails. A soil nail cost MMT
anchors soil like materials which are likely to fail into
more stable strata located farther into the slope.
Degradation of national MS ,T ▪ Regular road maintenance, restoration of roads ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
and provincial roads (negative) original conditions after construction activities. As construction DPWH, DENR, contract
used for hauling practiced, the roads used by the contractors that are cost MMT
construction materials degraded by the passage of heavy equipment are
and for movement of restored or repaired at the end of the project or upon
heavy equipment completion of construction activities in the particular
area.
Increased generation of NS, T ▪ Provision of waste bins in various strategic points ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor and ▪ Part of contractor's
solid wastes (negative) within the construction area for the workers to dispose construction DPWH contract
their wastes. Wastes from these containers will be cost
collected (dump truck of the contractor) regularly to be
disposed at a designated waste disposal site.
▪ Re-use and recycling of scrap materials and
containers such as bottles, cans, boxes and plastics as
much as practicable or selling them to scrap buyers.
▪ Conduct of a thorough orientation of workers on proper
waste disposal practices.
▪ Re-use construction spoils as aggregate or filling
materials where practicable.
▪ Regular hauling of construction debris to the

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 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
designated disposal area to prevent their accumulation
on-site resulting to negative effects on the landscape.
▪ Conduct of equipment/vehicle cleanup and
maintenance in only one designated area located as
far away as possible from waterways. Spent and used
oil should be collected and placed in sealed containers
and disposed of properly to prevent draining into
waterways or sold to used oil recyclers/buyers.
▪ Efficient housekeeping practices including the use of
covered receptacles for refuse generated by workers
and construction scrap/debris will ensure the proper
handling and disposal of solid wastes.
▪ In order to minimize the need to dispose of earth
materials, the contractor shall make use of excavated
materials as much as possible for filling and as part of
construction materials. For non-suitable materials,
these are placed in low areas where the possibility of
erosion is limited.
Air
Increase in particulates MS, T ▪ Sprinkle water in exposed areas on regular basis ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
and gaseous emissions (negative) especially during dry and windy periods construction DPWH, DENR, contract
and noise levels cost MMT
▪ Speed of vehicles used for construction should be
regulated to minimize stirring up of loose materials
sinks for dusts/spoils
▪ Proper handling and storage of spoil materials
▪ Proper maintenance of engines for efficient fuel
burning to lessen gaseous emissions
▪ Schedule construction activities during daytime
▪ Installation of silencers or mufflers for as many
vehicle engines and heavy equipments as possible
Increased traffic at road MS, T ▪ Contractor to assign traffic aides at key road sections ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
intersections leading to (negative) to assist in traffic management construction DPWH contract
construction areas cost
Water
Changes in river water S, T ▪ Refer to mitigation measures on soil displacement, ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
quality (negative)

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Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
erosion and siltation of waterways construction DPWH, DENR, contract
▪ Locate gravel crushing, screening areas and cost MMT
concrete batching operations as far away as possible
from waterways
▪ Undertake regular monitoring of water quality
focusing on DO, BOD, TSS and TDS
▪ Provide adequate temporary sanitary facilities with
proper drainage to prevent leaching and wash water
from reaching water courses, use of portalets
▪ Contractors to prepare and implement a materials
handling program for construction spoils and solid
waste management
▪ Contractor to observe proper equipment maintenance
and operation to minimize spillage of oil and grease
into waterways
B. Biological Environment
Terrestrial
▪ Vegetation clearing, Loss, disturbance and MS, T ▪ For every5 tree cut, the required replacements must ▪ Part of ▪ DPWH ▪ Part of ECC requirement
damage to existing (negative) be made construction
excavation and grading
vegetation; cost
and other construction Habitat degradation of ▪ Secure necessary permit from DENR for tree cutting
activities dependent species ▪ Implement tree balling where practicable
▪ Immediate revegetation
Freshwater
Local aquatic habitat NS, T ▪ Same mitigation for the control of soil erosion and
alteration and (negative) sedimentation
temporary
displacement of
species
C. Socio-economic Environment

5
Cutting of trees is generally guided by the provisions of PD 705 – Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines (Section 23). In the case of trees located in private lands, guidelines for cutting are
embodied in DAO-21 which refers to the Revised Guidelines in the issuance of Private Land Timber Permit/Special Private Land Timber Permit (PLTP/SPLTP). A 100 tree inventory is required
and this must be undertaken by a registered forester or by the local DENR office.

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 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
▪ Detailed engineering Total or partial loss of S, P ▪ Negotiate with PAFs/PAPs for an acceptable NA ▪ DPWH ▪ Commitment of DPWH
land/farm area, (negative) compromise on valuation and compensation via MOA
design; clearing within
properties and crops,
ROW area; site grading, dislocation and loss of ▪ Finalize the RAP incorporating therein the
excavation, backfilling income due to ROW agreements reached during public consultations
acquisition
bored piling at bridge
Increase in MS, T NA Contractor, Part of contractor's
areas, ▪ Require contractors to source workforce from ▪ ▪
employment (positive) qualified locals DPWH contract
hauling/stockpiling of opportunities
excavated and ▪ Contractors to orient workers on desirable working
relationship especially if there are non-resident
construction materials workers
including ROW Increase in livelihood MS, T NA
▪ Priority to be given to local subcontractors ▪ Contractor, ▪ MOA of LGU with
acquisition and business (positive) DPWH Contractor
opportunities ▪ Priority to be given to local suppliers of construction
materials and equipment
▪ Supply of food and catering to be preferentially
awarded to local suppliers
Potential health, NS, T ▪ Contractor to provide temporary housing facilities for
sanitation and safety (negative) workers equipped with adequate water and sanitation
problems facilities
▪ Contractors to implement proper solid waste
management in the work site, workers will be
oriented to observe proper hygiene and sanitation
practices and provided with appropriate protection
gears while working
▪ Construction areas to be enclosed as necessary and
provided with appropriate signage to avoid accidents
D. Land Use
Land Use and Zoning
Change in land value S, P ▪ Property appraisal by the local government unit
(positive) before construction

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Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
2. Operations and Maintenance Period
A. Physical Environment
Land
Erosion at major NS, T ▪ Installation of dissipators at major discharge points of ▪ Dissipators:
discharge points of the (negative) the roads' storm drains P1,481,000
road's storm drains
Air
▪ Operation and Increase in particulates MS, P ▪ IEC to road users on the proper maintenance of ▪ Tree Planting: ▪ DPWH, ▪ Part of ECC requirement
and gaseous emissions (negative) engines for efficient fuel burning and minimization of P158,090,000 Tollway
maintenance of roads
gaseous emissions operator
▪ Tree planting along the roads
▪ Regular road cleaning activity such as regular water
sprinkling should be done
Increase in noise levels MS, P ▪ Traffic controls (e.g. speed limits and traffic-volume ▪ Tree Planting:
(negative) restrictions) and Vehicle controls along the highway P158,090,000
(e.g., truck bans) ▪ Sound Barrier:
▪ Tree planting along the roads P6,459,000
▪ Noise barrier panel should be installed along the
roads which pass sensitive areas such as hospital
and school.
B. Socio-economic Environment
▪ Operation and Lessened traffic MS, P ▪ Enhance the accessibility by providing appropriate ▪ Part of ▪ DPWH, ▪ Part of ECC requirement
congestion and (positive) signage to guide traveling public to use shortest and operations Tollway and standard operation
maintenance of roads
improved access to most convenient route to reach the interior places cost operator procedures
public utilities and from the highway via the existing access roads and
services vice versa
Increased livelihood MS, P ▪ Encourage LGUs to use part of the increase NA ▪ Initiative of ▪ Initiative of LGU
and business (positive) revenues for promoting conducive for expanding LGU
opportunities, and business operation and establishing new livelihood
revenues for LGUs activities, by maintaining peace and order and
improving basic services and infrastructure and
utilities
Increased migration MS, P ▪ Concerned LGUs (barangay and municipal/city) to NA ▪ Initiative of ▪ Initiative of LGU
and population (negative) regulate encroachment in watershed areas (forest- LGU

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 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Table 6.2 Environmental Management Plan

Predicted Degree
Responsible Guarantees/
Project Activities Environmental /type of Mitigation/Enhancement Measure Cost
Institution Agreements
Impacts Impact
land) through proper zoning and enforcement
▪ LGUs to adequately plan/provide for social services
and infrastructures including health services, waste
management and facilities and road network
▪ Encourage the LGUs to regulate or prevent the
establishment of squatter colonies by strictly
enforcing RA 7279 or the "Urban Development
Housing Act (UDHA)"
Regional severance S, P ▪ In order not to disturb human flow between ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
(negative) communities, measures for crossing the road should construction DPWH contract and as input into
be installed such as flyover, underpass, at grade cost the design stage
intersection, and service road.
Increased accidents MS, T ▪ Intersection signal and sign board installation ▪ Part of ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
(negative) construction DPWH contract and as input into
cost the design stage
Damage of landscape MS, P ▪ Revegetation of the exposed areas ▪ Tree Planting: ▪ Contractor, ▪ Part of contractor's
(negative) P158,090,000 DPWH contract and as input into
▪ Tree planting along the roads the design stage
C. Land Use
Land Use and Zoning
Change in land value S, P ▪ Regular property appraisal by the local government
(positive)
Note: S - Significant impact, MS - Moderately significant impact, NS - Not significant impact
T - Temporary impact, P - Permanent impact
negative - negative impact, positive - positive impact

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 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: Draft EIS

REFERENCES

BMG (1982). Geology and Mineral Resources of the Philippines. Vol. 1 Geology. Bureau
of Mines and Geosciences-Ministry of Natural Resources

Canter, L.W., ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996

Cardwell, R.K., Isacks, B.L. and Karig, D.E., 1980. The Spatial distribution of earthquakes,
focal mechanism solutions and subducted lithosphere in the Philippines and Northeastern
Indonesian Islands. In: D.E. HAYES, Ed., The Tectonic and Geological Evolution of
Southeast Asian Seas and Islands. A.G.U. Monograph 23, 1- 35

CEST Inc., 2004. Water Resources Assessment for Prioritized Critical Areas (Phase 1)-
Metro Manila

Department of Environment & Natural Resources, DENR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER

NO.82 SERIES OF 2000, Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Philippine Clean Air
Act of 1999.

Fitch, T.J., 1972. Plate convergence, transcurrent faults, and internal deformation
adjacent to Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 77 (23), 4432-
4460.

Hamburger, M. Cardwell, R.K. and Isacks, B.L., 1983. Seismotecnics of the Northern
Philippine Islands arc. In: D.E. HAYES, Ed., The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of
Southeast Asian Seas and Islands. Part 2. A.G.U. Monograph 27, 1-22

Lichel Technologies Inc., Environmental Baseline Study for the Feasibility Study and
Implementation Support on the Cavite-Laguna (CALA) East-West National Road Project.
2006

Lichel Technologies Inc., Social Study for the Feasibility Study and Implementation
Support on the Cavite-Laguna (CALA) East-West National Road Project. 2006

Ludwig, W.J., Hayes, D.E. and Ewing, J.I., 1967. The Manila Trench and West Luzon
Trough – I. Bathymetry and sediment distribution. Deep Sea Res., 14, 533-544

Masters, G., INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING,

McGraw-Hill, 1985.

PAGASA, CLIMATOLOGICAL NORMALS OF PHILIPPINE SYNOPTIC STATIONS.

Taylor, B. and Hayes, D.E., 1983. Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin. In:
D.E. HAYES, Ed., The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and
Islands. Part 2, A.G.U. Monograph 27, 23-56

Thenhaus, P. C., et al., 1994. Estimate of regional ground motion hazards in the
Philippines. Proceedings - Natural Disaster Mitigation in the Philippines Conference, Oct.
19-21, 1994. PHIVOLCS-DOST. pp. 45-60

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995. COMPILATION OF AIR POLLUTANT

EMISSION FACTORS, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and
Radiation, North Carolina, 5th Ed., USA.

431 Page 23
Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: Draft EIS

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EMISSION FACTOR DOCUMENTATION FOR

AP-42, SECTION 13.2.1 “Paved Roads”, (1993);

Wark, K. & Warner, C.F., 1976. AIR POLLUTION: ITS ORIGIN AND CONTROL, Harper
& Row, New York.

World Bank, URBAIR METRO MANILA REPORT, 1997.

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 Cavite – Laguna (CALA) East – West National Road Project: EIS

Annex 5.1

Mitigation Measures to be Installed

and Preliminary Examination of Regional Severance

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 Cavite-Laguna (CALA) East-West
National Road Project

APPENDIX 9.3

PRELIMINARY
RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN

October 2006

447
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CALA East-West National Road Project

Abbreviations
Executive Summary

1. THE PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Project Alternatives and Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2.1 North-South Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.2.2 East-West Road (Daang Hari Extension) . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.2.3 CALA Expressway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
1.2.4 Geographic Area of Influence/Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
1.3 Objectives of the RAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
1.4 DPWH Guidelines on Land Acquisition and Resettlement . .. . . . . . . . 1-16
1.4.1 ROW Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
1.4.2 The IROW PMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
1.4.3 Turnover of ROW Through Donation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18
1.4.4 ROW Acquisition Through Purchase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

2. REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF SES DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

2.1 Project Area – An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1.1 Province of Cavite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.1.2 Sta. Rosa and Biñan, Laguna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.1.3 Muntinlupa and Las Piñas Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.2 Land Use and Settlement Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.3 Methodology/Study Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.4 Directly/Indirectly Affected Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
2.5 Socio-economic Profiles of the PAPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.5.1 Sex Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.5.2 Age Brackets of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.5.3 Occupation of Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.5.4 Household Size . . . . . . . . . ……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.5.5 Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.5.6 Monthly Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.6 Gender Impacts and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.7 Perception of the PAPs about the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.7.1 Project Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.7.2 Sources of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
2.7.3 Project Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2.7.4 Positive Impacts of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2.7.5 Negative Impacts of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2.7.6 Approval/Disapproval of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2.7.6.1 North-South Road Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

449 i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CALA East-West National Road Project

2.7.6.2 East-West Road Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

2.7.6.3 CALA Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2.7.7 Respondents’ Social and Environmental Concerns on
the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
2.7.7.1 Pre-Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
2.7.7.2 Construction Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18
2.7.7.3 Operation Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19
2.8 Social Acceptability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20

3. THE POLICY FRAMEWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.1 Philippine Laws/Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Past Experiences with Resettlement and “Lessons Learned” . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.3 Project Resettlement Framework ……………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.3 Project Compensation Policy and Entitlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
3.3.1 Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.3.2 Entitlements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.3.3 Compensation and Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
3.4 Outstanding Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

4. ROW ACQUISITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.1 Residential Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.2 Commercial Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
4.3 Industrial Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.4 Institutional Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.5 Proposed Large Multi-Use Developments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.6 Agricultural Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
4.7 Income Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
4.8 Rental Land and Houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
4.9 Land Rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18
4.10 Relocation of Utilities…………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
4.11 ROW Budget Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20

5. RELOCATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

5.1 Scope of Displacement and Resettlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.2 Relocation Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.3 Resettlement Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.4 Gender Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5.5 Provision of Social Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5.6 Income/Livelihood Restoration Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5.7 Re-establishing Common Property Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5.8 Resettlement Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7
5.9 Land Acquisition and Resettlement Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

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CALA East-West National Road Project

6. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND RAP

IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 Disclosure and Consultation with PAPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.2 Steps to Enhance Community Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
6.3 Resettlement Organization and Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.1 Need for Monitoring and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.2 Orientation and Training for Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-1
7.3 Two-tier Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.4 External Monitoring…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
7.5 Report Requirements and Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

ANNEXES

Annex 1. No. of Respondents by Barangay and by Type of Roof

Annex 1a. No. of Respondents by Size of Living Area and by Type of Roof
Annex 2. No. of Respondents by Barangay and by Type of Wall
Annex 2a. No. of Respondents by Size of Living Area and by Type of Wall

451 iii
 ii

Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADRI Agreement to demolish and remove improvements
AORSF Action Office for Resettlement of Squatter Families
BIR Bureau of Internal Revenue
CALA Cavite-Laguna Expressway Project
COA Commission on Audit
DAS Deed of Absolute Sale
DEO District Engineering office
DepEd Department of Education
DO Department Order
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI Department of Trade and Industry
EA Executing Agency
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ESSO Environmental and Social Services Office
EW East-West Road
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GOP Government of the Philippines
ILA Independent Land Appraiser
IO Implementing Office
IROW Infrastructure Right-of-Way and Resettlement
IRR Implementing Rules and Regulations
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
LAPRAP Land Acquisition Plan and Resettlement Action Plan
LGU Local Government Unit
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MPDC Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
MRIC Municipal RAP Implementation Committee
NGO Non-Government Organization
NHA National Housing Authority
NS North-South Road
NSO National Statistics Office
PAPs Project-Affected Persons
PMO Project Management Office
PO People’s Organization
RA Republic Act
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RIC Resettlement Implementation Committee
RO Regional Office
ROW Right-of-Way
SALED Site Acquisition and Law Enforcement Division
TCT Transfer Certificate of Title
UDHA Urban Development and Housing Act

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Executive Summary

1. Processing Issues

This preliminary Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared by the Department
of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) with technical assistance provided by the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA). A comparative study of various alternative
routes involving (i) North-South Road, (ii) Cavite-Laguna Expressway, and (iii) East-
West/Daan Hari Extension was undertaken in terms of land acquisition, number of
households/structures to be affected, resettlement and other compensatory issues to
determine the most viable, cost effective and acceptable option. The RAP started with
an explanation of the various alignments and the evaluation made by stakeholders to
filter the selected routes/sections. All discussions then focused on the affected persons
within the right-of-way (ROW) of the selected road project. The RAP is based on the
Perception and Socioeconomic surveys of the households and business owners likely to
be affected by the project ROW. Both perception and socioeconomic surveys were
carried out between October 2005 and February 2006. DPWH, the project executing
agency will use the preliminary RAP as a planning tool and prepare a full inventory of
land acquisition and affected households/structures based on parcellary survey during
detailed design period. While the principles and the resettlement entitlements have been
stipulated in this preliminary RAP, the compensation packages for the affected
households/shops and enterprises, including budget, will be revised based on further
detailed planning. Chapter 3 provides a list of outstanding planning and implementation
tasks to be completed by the EA.

2. Project Description and Impacts

The project involves construction/and or widening of 69.2 kilometers of roads. The main
physical component of the project consists of the following: (i) Daan Hari – 21. 0
kilometers; (ii) North-South – 27.8 kilometers; and (iii) CALA Expressway – 20.35
kilometers. The area of influence of the project covers six municipalities and two cities.
These municipalities/cities are in the province of Cavite, namely, Bacoor, Dasmariñas,
Imus, Silang, Gen. Trias, and Tanza. In Laguna, Sta. Rosa will be affected by the CALA
Expressway. The project will also affect the City of Muntinlupa in Metro Manila. These
areas will experience varying degree of adverse impacts – from loss of agricultural land
to housing and shops/businesses and industrial enterprises. The adverse impacts
include acquisition of 204.3 hectares of land (excluding existing road sections) for the
selected road sections. As a result, 605 households (2,500 persons) will be directly
affected due to loss of land and structures. Of this, 395 households will require
resettlement, including households who live on rental land and/or houses (i.e. without
titles). In order to fully assess project impacts prior to implementation, the RAP impact
data and cost estimates will be reviewed and amended as indicated earlier following the
results of parcellary surveys.

3. Resettlement Policy Framework and Entitlements

The Project resettlement framework and entitlements concerning compensation for lost
assets and resettlement benefits/assistance reflect existing legal framework in the
Philippines that govern resettlement of people affected by development projects. These
include national policies and local directives which are aimed to protect the PAPs. The

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framework has also considered requirements as per JICA Guidelines and other “best
practices” in donor-funded projects.

A key objective of the RAP is to ensure that all PAPs receive adequate compensation
and assistance to restore their incomes in post-resettlement period. Particular attention
has been paid to needs of the poorest and vulnerable groups to be resettled. Based on
the principles and eligibility to entitlements, a resettlement entitlement matrix has been
established to guide payments of compensation and RAP implementation. The matrix
covers all types of losses – land, housing, shops/enterprises, temporary and/or
permanent loss of income sources, transitional allowances, and provision for
resettlement on project-sponsored and/or “socialized” housing by NHA. The RAP
contains several relocation options. These include: (i) balik-probinsya where PAPs will
be given financial assistance to return to their respective provinces; (ii) financial
compensation equivalent to replacement value of structures (that is, without deducting
depreciation and salvage value). In this alternative, the PAPs will be responsible for
finding their own residential area. In other words, they will manage their own
resettlement – i.e., “self-relocated”; and (iii) relocation to available government
resettlement areas or within private socialized housing developments by NHA.

4. Stakeholder Participation, Disclosure of RAP and Grievances

Since the project will have significant impacts, due attention has been given to
community views through a series of stakeholders’ consultation meetings. To date,
DPWH has conducted eight stakeholders meetings involving all levels of stakeholders.
Two stakeholders’ meetings were dedicated only to the disclosure of this preliminary
RAP for feedback from stakeholders. The stakeholders meetings were held at the
municipality level to involve more affected persons in the deliberation process. The
outcomes of the workshops have been posted at the project website (www. cala-ew.info).

In addition to stakeholders’ meetings, barangay-level focus group discussions (FGDs)

were conducted to cover residential-level stakeholders and to obtain their consensus on
the project implementation. FGDs were attended by the barangay captains and
councilors, project-affected persons including potential residents to be relocated by the
proposed project, people’s organizations (PO), and non-governmental organizations
(NGO). These barangay consultations were conducted in a total of 58 barangays,
consisting of 49 barangays in Cavite Province, 7 barangays in Laguna Province and 2
barangays in Muntinlupa City of Metro Manila. In the barangay consultations, outlines of
the proposed project were explained by DPWH officer(s) and local social expert hired by
the JICA Study Team as well as coordination of the social surveys.

After the barangay consultations, concerned barangays issued resolutions endorsing the
acceptance of the proposed projects. Over 60% reported their support to the project due
to positive impacts – like easy access and time savings; new business opportunities;
new employment opportunities; increased value of land and other properties. Concerns
expressed include low compensation as per government policies, relocation, loss of
livelihood and social network due to displacement and relocation, which have been
addressed in the formulation of policy matrix for compensation purposes.
Notwithstanding the amount of public consultation already carried out, the EA fully
recognizes that additional consultative meetings would be required during the detailed
design stage to measure and agree the final requirements for land, property and other
acquisition, from each affected household/commercial enterprise.

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DPWH has established procedures for dealing with disputes and grievances with regard
to compensation and other resettlement benefits. Grievances that pertain to valuation of
affected assets will be referred to an independent land appraiser or filed with the proper
courts. All other grievances will be acted upon by the Resettlement Implementation
Committee. If no agreement or amicable solution can be reached, the complainant can
appeal to the Office of the DPWH Regional Director, through the ESSO. If still not
satisfied with the decision or action of the DPWH Regional Director, the complainant can
submit the complaint to the proper courts. The MRIC and the DPWH Regional Director
are required to act on these complaints within fifteen (15) days. The complainant is
exempted from any administrative or legal fee. The grievance procedures will also be
explained to the PAPs through FGDs to be conducted during next detailed design period
by ESSO prior to land acquisition and resettlement.

5. Implementation Framework and Budget

DPWH will be in charge of the implementation of the project and the execution and
coordination of land acquisition and resettlement. The Environmental and Social
Services Office (ESSO) will provide technical guidance and support in the
implementation of the RAP and will be responsible for the following resettlement
activities: (i) oversee the RAP implementation; (ii) submit of RAP budget plans (to
include compensation, relocation costs, operation) for approval of allocation of needed
resources by DPWH central office; (iii) ensure the availability of funds and the proper
accounting of expenses; (iv) guide the RAP Implementation Committees (RICs) in their
tasks, such as the verification of PAPs, final inventory of affected assets, and information
dissemination; (v) amend and/or revise RAP in case of problems identified during the
internal and/or external monitoring of its implementation; (vi) in collaboration with its
counterpart in the region, following-up with concerned DPWH Regional Office the
processing of compensation claims of PAPs; (vii) monitor the actual payment of
compensation to PAPs; and (viii) prepare periodic supervision and monitoring reports on
RAP implementation for submission to PMO and the funding institution. The estimated
cost for land acquisition (for ROW) and resettlement is P 1,139.7 million pesos.

6. Monitoring and Evaluation

RP implementation will be monitored both internally and externally. The EA/ESSO will be
responsible for internal monitoring. ESSO will prepare quarterly reports and submit to
the funding agencies. The reports will contain progress made in RAP implementation
with particular attention to compliance with the principles and matrix set out in the RAP.
Independent monitoring expert/agency will be hired by the EA with donor(s) concurrence.
The expert/agency will carry out external monitoring bi-annually. The EA will prepare a
post-construction evaluation report on the resettlement process and detail the extent to
which the compensation paid and other measures have enabled PAPs to maintain or
enhance their pre-project social and economic living conditions.

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1. THE PROJECT
1.1 Introduction

This document examines the alternative routes proposed in the Feasibility Study and
Implementation Support for the Cavite-Laguna (CALA) East-West National Road
Project (the Project) and their potential impacts and contains a Preliminary
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for mitigation of the adverse impact of the Project.
The proposed routes are: (i) North-South Road, (ii) Cavite-Laguna or CALA
Expressway, and (iii) East-West Road (referred to as Daang Hari Road elsewhere in
this report). A comparative study of these alternative routes, in terms of their land
requirements; number of structures and persons affected; resettlement and
compensatory requirements; as well their respective necessary costs estimates have
been conducted to determine the most viable, cost effective and acceptable option.
The project executing agency – Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
will use the Preliminary RAP as a planning tool, prepare a full inventory of land
acquisition, affected households, and detailed parcellary survey based on the
detailed design. While the principles and the resettlement entitlements have been
stipulated in this Preliminary RAP, the compensation packages for the affected
households/shops and enterprises, including budget, will be revised based on further
detailed planning. Chapter 3 provides a list of outstanding planning and
implementation tasks to be completed by the executing agency.

1.2 Project Alternatives and Impacts

The proposed North-South Road is designed to have six (6) lanes with a ROW width
of 30 meters. It is proposed to start at Bacoor and run southward until Dasmariñas.
Similarly, the East-West or Daang Hari Road is proposed to be a 4-lane road with a
ROW width of 30 meters, to allow for possible expansion. However, the Cavite-
Laguna or CALA Expressway is proposed to have a 50-meter ROW with 6 lanes also.
Table 1.1 below compares the specifications of the proposed roads.

Table 1-1 Main Specifications of the Proposed Roads

Road Design Traffic ROW

Proposed Road Road Length
Category Speed Lanes Width
North-South National Alt1 27.8km
60km/h 6 lanes 30m
Road Alt2 32.4km
Daang Hari National DH1 1.7 km
60km/h 6 lanes 30m
(East-West) Road DH2 2.20 km
Alt1
9.0 km
(DH4)
Alt2
10.0 km 60km/h 6 lanes 30 m
(DH5)
Alt3
11.0 km
(DH6)
Cavite-Laguna Expressway Alt1a 19.55km
(CALA) Expressway Alt1b 17.95km 100km/h 6 lanes 50m
Alt2 20.35km

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1.2.1 North-South Road

Length (Km)
Project Section
Segment Total
North-South Road NS-1 1.39 -
NS-2 4.61 -
NS-3 5.10 -
NS-4 7.50 18.60
NS-5 (Alt. 1) 9.20 27.80
NS-6 (Alt. 2) 13.80 32.40

The first four sections, namely NS-1, NS-2, NS-3 and NS-4 have common alignments.
Total length of these four road sections is 18.60 kilometers. NS-1 starts from Radial 1
of the Manila-Cavite Coastal Road in Barangay Zapote 5, Bacoor, Cavite, proceeding
to Barangay Niog, intersecting the Aguinaldo Highway at the St. Dominic Hospital
area, then finally connecting to the Molino Boulevard. With a ROW of 30 meters and
a length of 1.39 kilometers, this road will need an area of 4.17 hectares of land.

NS-2 adopts the existing Molino Boulevard alignment. There is, however, an
unopened section in the Niog area that is still under construction. NS-3 is located
east of Bahayang Pagasa area. It veers away from Molino Boulevard towards
Aguinaldo Highway, in order to avoid developed residential areas. It is 5.10
kilometers long and requires an area of 15.30 hectares of land. NS-4, as an
extension from Daang Hari, will pass Salitran Road, runs parallel to Aguinaldo
Highway, then intersects it. This road is 7.50 kilometers long, requiring about 22.50
hectares of land.

NS-5 and NS-6 are the alternative alignments. NS-5 starts at the intersection of
Aguinaldo Highway and Governor’s Drive, traverses in a south-west direction,
running almost parallel to Aguinaldo Highway, then connects to the CALA
Expressway alignment. NS-6 utilizes part of Aguinaldo Highway as part of its
alignment. Starting at Governor’s Drive up to the Silang Junction, it travels a total of
13.80 kilometers. Having a total length of 13.80 kilometers, it will require an area of
41.40 hectares.

Alternative 1 of the North-South Road consists of NS-1, NS-2, NS-3, NS-4 and NS-5
while alternative 2 passes through NS-1 to NS-4 and NS-6. Alternative 1 has a total
length of 27.80 kilometers while alternative 2 has about 32.40 kilometers. Alternative
2, uses the existing Aguinaldo Highway and has a longer route. This alternative
alignment will require huge capital requirement for project implementation including
environmental pre-requisites. It has the disadvantage of a difficult ROW acquisition in
the process of widening the said existing alignment into six (6) lanes, requiring higher
financial assistance to PAPs. Further, it will entail expensive ROW acquisition along
the Pala-pala commercial district and require a spur connection with Aguinaldo
Highway for alignment continuity and mitigation of adverse impacts to existing
adjacent waterway during construction. Alternative 1 using NS 5, on the other hand,
has a shorter route and is a new road construction. The area required for acquisition
for alternative 1 is 83.40 hectares while alternative 2 is 97.20 hectares.

Alternative 1 was selected as the preferred alignment during the consultative meeting
(December 2005) due to technical, environmental and regional development

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CALA East-West National Road Project

considerations. Table 1-2 provides the basis for the selection of Alternative 1. Aside
from decongesting Aguinaldo Highway, it has the added advantages of (i) having
better traffic management possibilities during construction; (ii) fewer disturbances
and ease of construction since it will pass through open spaces; and (iii) accelerating
development of open areas along its alignment.

Figure 1-1 North South Road Alignment

NS-1

NS-2

NS-3

NS-4

NS-5

NS-6

Legend
Daang Hari (DH) Proposed
Daang Hari (DH) PNCC Project
Daang Hari (DH) Existing
North-South Road (NS) Proposed
North-South Road (NS) Existing
CALA Expressway (CE) Proposed
CALA Expressway (CE) Future

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Table 1-2 Evaluation of Alternative Alignments

North-South Road

Traffic / Technical Regional Development Environment

Less impact on
Alternative Alignment Magnitude of Support Growth
Easiness during Adequacy of Network Magnitude of Easiness in Agriculture,
Capital Corridors / Tourism Devmt. Total
Construction the Alignment Efficiency Disturbance ROWA Fisheries and
Requirement Industrial Areas
Forestry
45% 20% 35%
NORTH-SOUTH ROAD 100%
10 15 20 10 5 5 15 15 5
NS-5 Governors' Drive to Silang (on Aguinaldo Highway) 56
PROVINCE OF CAVITE 10 10 15 5 5 5 5 5 3 63
BACOOR 10 10 11 7 5 5 1 1 5 55
DASMARINAS 4 9 12 4 3 3 6 6 2 49
NS-6 Governors' Drive to Silang (new alignment) 92
PROVINCE OF CAVITE 8 15 20 10 5 5 15 15 5 98
BACOOR 7 15 20 10 5 5 15 15 1 93
DASMARINAS 8 12 16 8 4 4 15 12 5 84

th
Source: 4 Stakeholders’ Meeting of this Project.

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1.2.2 East-West Road (Daang Hari Road)

Length (Km)
Project Section
Segment Total
East-West Road (Daang DH-1 1.70 -
Hari Road) DH-2 3.20 -
DH-3 10.00 15.30
DH-4 (Alt. 1) 9.00 24.30
DH-5 (Alt. 2) 10.00 25.30
DH-6 (Alt. 3) 11.00 26.30

The common alignment for the East-West Road includes segments DH-1, DH-2 and
DH-3 totaling 15.30 kilometers. It should be noted that DH-1 is identified as part of
the entire network for the East-West Road of the Project but it is not included in the
feasibility study as its implementation hinges on C6, which is part of the network of
Metro Manila. DH-1 ranges westward from the Old National Road towards South
Luzon Expressway (SLEX) near Susana Heights, traveling a distance of 1.70
kilometers, and requiring an area of 5.10 hectares for its 30-meter ROW. DH-2
stretches from SLEX near the Susana Heights Interchange westward to Daang Hari,
for a total of 3.20 kilometers, requiring a total of 9.60 hectares of land.

Traveling a total of 10.40 kilometers, DH-3 uses the existing Daang Hari Road and
intersects with Molino Road where the recently opened SM Mall is located. It then
continues westward to connect to Aguinaldo Highway in Imus. DH-4, DH-5 and DH-6
are the alternative alignments. DH-4 continues from the Aguinaldo Highway in Imus,
towards EPZA in Rosario, and intersecting with the Rosario-Noveleta Diversion Road.
This segment measures 9 kilometers and requires an area of 27 hectares.

DH5, with a length of 10.0 kilometers, will occupy 10 hectares as it connects with
Aguinaldo Highway and travels from Imus westward to Tanza, intersecting the
Tanza-Gen. Trias Road. DH-6, on the other hand starts at the same point along
Aguinaldo Highway, and ends in Tanza, but instead connects with the Tanza-Naic
Caylabne Road. It is the longest of the alternative segments with 11.0 kilometers
and a ROW area of 33.0 hectares.

Alternative 1 for the Daang Hari Extension will pass through the DH-1 to DH-4
alignments for a total length of 24.3 kilometers. It will cut across roadside residential
areas as it connects with the existing diversion road in Rosario. Among its
advantages are the following: (i) it will provide direct access to EPZA, Rosario; and
(ii) serves as an alternate route to congested areas along Aguinaldo Highway from
Rosario to the Bacoor-Imus area. It also has the shortest length among the three
alternatives. However, it will likely to create more roadside disruptions during
construction; require longer pipe networks for drainage; need more bends, ergo,
more traffic safety devices, and might require a higher total project requirement than
alternative 2.

Alternative 2 passes through DH-1 to DH-3 plus DH-5, traveling a total of 25.3
kilometers. Its advantages are: (i) it offers linkages to existing road networks; (ii) it
will serve generate more traffic, including those coming from EPZA; (iii) it will cause
fewer disturbances to existing roads and developments, and, finally (iv) it will require
the least in terms of project capital requirement. This option, however, will require

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improvement and widening of the short section of the existing Tanza-Gen. Trias
Road to maintain traffic convenience and smooth traffic flow through the intersection.

Alternative 3 passes through DH-1 to DH-3, plus DH-6, spanning 26.3 kilometers. As
in alternative 2, it also offers linkages to other road networks and will serve as a
traffic generator catering to EPZA as well as other major developments in Western
Cavite. Its disadvantages, however, are that it has the longest route among three
alternatives and may entail a sharp bend while entering the Tanza-Naic-Caylabne
Road. It also requires a higher capital investment than alternative 2. Again, despite
the magnitude of its capital requirements and its low ratings in terms of easiness of
construction, alternative 3 was chosen mainly because of its higher potential
contribution to regional development and environmental enhancement.

Figure 1-2. Daang Hari Road Alignment

DH: 13.67 km

DH-4

DH-5

DH-1

DH-3
DH-2

DH-6

Legend
Daang Hari (DH) Proposed
Daang Hari (DH) PNCC Project
Daang Hari (DH) Existing
North-South Road (NS) Proposed
North-South Road (NS) Exiting
CALA Expressway (CE) Proposed
CALA Expressway (CE) Future

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Table 1-3 Results of Evaluation of Alternative Alignments

East-West/Daan Hari Extension
Traffic / Technical Regional Development Environment
Less impact on
Magnitude of Support Growth
Alternative Alignment Easiness during Adequacy of Network Magnitude of Easiness in Agriculture,
Capital Corridors / Tourism Devmt. Total
Construction the Alignment Efficiency Disturbance ROWA Fisheries and
Requirement Industrial Areas
Forestry
25% 40% 35%
DAANG HARI 100%
5 5 15 15 15 10 10 20 5
DH-4 Imus to Gen. Trias (EPZA) 75
PROVINCE OF CAVITE 3 5 14 13 15 6 5 15 5 81
GENERAL TRIAS 5 3 11 8 12 8 10 20 5 82
IMUS 5 2 14 10 10 5 2 20 3 71
TANZA 5 4 14 8 9 5 4 12 3 64
DH-5 Imus to Tanza (Gen. Trias Road) 80
PROVINCE OF CAVITE 5 5 15 14 14 8 8 18 5 92
GENERAL TRIAS 4 4 13 10 10 4 10 20 5 80
IMUS 5 4 15 10 10 5 3 20 3 75
TANZA 5 4 15 10 12 5 5 13 3 72
DH-6 Imus to Tanza (Tanza-Naic Road) 89
PROVINCE OF CAVITE 4 5 13 12 12 10 10 20 5 91
GENERAL TRIAS 3 5 9 12 8 6 10 20 5 78
IMUS 5 5 13 15 15 10 5 20 5 93
TANZA 3 5 13 15 15 10 8 18 5 92
th
Source: 4 Stakeholders’ Meeting of this Project.

1-7