 Subjects include painting and

PAINTING harvesting rice, a young woman

 It refers to the process of applying colors on a singing, barong-barong.
flat surface.

FORMS OF PAINTING

1. EASEL PAINTING
 Most common form of painting.
 Applying color to a board or canvas.
 Meant to be framed and hanged on a wall.

2. MURAL The Palay Maiden

 A huge wall-sized painting. By: Fernando Amorsolo
 In 1980, it is used to increase social
awareness. 2. CUBISM
 Portable mural – created by using bold  The definition of cubism is a movement
strokes in applying bright colors on pieces in art that began in France in 1907 that is
of canvas. characterized by the use of geometric
planes and shapes.
3. TELON PAINTING  Works of Pablo Picasso that consist of
 A backdrop or background for the stage. interlocking shapes and geometric
 Used in komedya, sarswela, and shapes are examples of cubism.
sinakulo.
 Telon was later reduced as a backdrop in
a photography studio.

4. JEEPNEY & CALESA PAINTING

 Calesa
- Painted using one color.
- Borders are decorated with Factory, Horta de Ebbo, 1909
geometric patterns, repetitive (oil on canvas)
patterns and/or thin lines. By: Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

 Jeepney 3. HISTORICAL PAINTING

- Evovled from the calesa painting.  Depicts a scene from the past.
- Logo, number, or painting.  Has lesson concerning national values.
- Subject matter ranges from  Examples:
landscapes to scenes from comic - Spolarium by Juan Luna
books. - The making of the Philippine
Flag by Fernando Amorsolo
5. COLLAGE
 It is a technique of an art production, 4. INTERIORS
primarily used in the visual arts, where  Refers to the painting of a space inside of
the artwork is made from an assemblage a part of a house or a building.
of different forms, thus creating a new  It reveals the social class of the family
whole. living in that particular house and their
 Involves combined images in a single traits.
artwork.
 Cutting and pasting materials such as 5. LANDSCAPES
paper, tin foils, and other relatively flat  Portrays natural scenery or urban scenes.
material, onto a board or canvas.  Mixed media is now used.
 Also know as seascapes.
THEMES OF PAINTING  Example:
- Landscape by Gonzales
1. GENRE PAINTING - Return of the Fisherman by
 Portrays people in daily activities. Fernando Amorsolo

@/alexa.graza
  The design and colors signified a person’s
6. PORTRAITS sex, age, social status, and wealth
 Refers to painting portraying one or more among other things.
specific individuals.  Designs had religious, social, and
 Portrays physical characteristics of diplomatic meanings.
the subject and seeks to show an
understanding of that person’s character.
 Example:
SCULPTURE
- Man and Woman by Cesar
Legaspi  It is a three-dimensional art.
 It is the art of making two- or three-
7. NUDE dimensional representative or abstract forms,
 Portrays the unclothed human figure. especially by carving stone or wood or by
 Nude painting sessions are conducted in casting metal or plaster.
galleries.
 Example: GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE
- Male nude by Jose Joya
1. FREE-STANDING
8. RELEGIOUS PAINTINGS
 It can independently stand in space with
 Include a lone religious image, lives of
saints, and scenes based from the flat horizontal base.
Scriptures like the Nativity Scene and
the Station of the Cross. 2. REFLIEF
 Example:  No flat horizontal base.
- The crucifixion by Vicente  Project from a flat surface.
Manansala
 TWO TYPES:
9. STILL LIFE  Bas Relief/Low Relief – have
 Depicts natural or man-made objects that clear contour lines, but are
form a composition in a natural setting. noticeably attached to the
plane.
10. FACE & BODY PAINTING  High
 Body painting art is a form of body art. Relief – often resemble free-
Indeed, body painting art is usually
standing sculptures.
associated with tattoo art.
 Difference: body painting art is
temporary and it lasts only for several
hours unlike tattoos which are TYPES OF SCUPLTURE IN
permanent. CONTEMPORARY SETTING
 Body painting art has an extremely rich
history. 1. ASSEMBLAGE
 In ancient ages, tribes ad their members  Is formed by putting materials together.
used to paint the body with clay and
other natural pigments and this practice
is still alive. It’s an inseparable part of 2. KINETIC SCULPTURE
the tribalism culture.  Sculpture in motion.
 Many indigenous groups use body  Moves with the winds or vibrates with
painting as a form of expressing their the surrounding air.
own culture.
 Across the continent of Africa, the skin 3. WELDED SCULPTURE
was, and still is, regarded as a blank
 Involves the process of connecting
canvas to be decorated in a variety of
different ways. Body painting was sheers of metal together by using
traditionally used in many societies to acetylene or electric torch.
signify a person’s social status and  Famous Sculpture in Field: Eduardo
religious beliefs. Castrillo.
 The peoples of Oceania used paint to
adorn their bodies for ceremonies and
festive occasions.

@/alexa.graza
4. USE OF GLASS 9. MAT WEAVING
 Ramon Orlina – table pieces, murals  Art of “plaiting strips or organic fibers
and sculptures which unified into a into mats”.
framework.
 Imelda Pilapil – used glass planes 10. METALCRAFT PROCESSES
with irregular shapes and linear  Brass casting and Blacksmithing –
patterns. involves casting and forging pieces of
brass and bronze.
5. SYMBOLIC SCULPTURE  Goldsmithing and Silversmithing –
 Abdulmari Imao involves the use of gold and silver in
 Okir design creating objects and ornaments.
 Sarimanok, sari-mosque, sari-okir,  Tinsmithing – involves the use of tin
calligraphic sculpture. and light metals.

OTHER VISUAL ART FORMS 11. PAPER ART

 Involves cutting, pasting, recycling
1. ADVERTISING ART
and/or constructing of objects from
 Used if paid space or time in any media. paper.

2. BASKETRY 12. PERSONAL ORNAMENTS

 Art of creating containers by weaving,  Objects that are worn on the human
plaiting or braiding materials. body.

3. BAMBOO ART 13. PHOTOGRAPHY

 Maybe used for everyday purposes or  Process of producing images using a
for decorations or ornaments. light sensitive chemical plate or film.

4. EMBROIDERY 14. POTTERY

 Art of stitching ornaments on cloth by  General term for decorative and useful
hand. objects made from clay and set off at
high temperature.
5. FOOD ART  Earthenware or Terracotta –
 Packaging and/or presentation of food. made from clay and is usually
fired at 1700 – 2,100 F
6. FURNITURE  Stoneware – made from clay
 Decorative and functional objects found and feldspar. Fired at 2,200 –
in buildings and dwellings. 2,300 F.
 a.k.a Mueblues/Kasangkapan  Porcelain – made from kaolin
(special clay). Fired at 2,500 –
7. KOMIKS AND EDITORIAL CARTOON 2,700 F.
 Involve illustration of stories or events.
 Editorial Cartooning: Single frame 15. PRINTMAKING
illustration.  Transferring of images from a firm
 Komiks: May use single or multiple surface to a pliable surface.
frames.
16. TATTOO ART
8. LEAF ART  Body adornment permanently engraved
 Used in religious rituals, food wrapping on the skin using a sharp instrument
and a form of modern artistic and plant dyes and ink.
expression.  Serve as a type of clothing.
 Drive away spirit.

@/alexa.graza
  Express social values and attributes. the upper level have sliding
shutters.
17. TEXTILE WEAVING - The roof of a typical bahay na
 Process of creating cloth by bato slants on four sides.
interweaving a series of parallel vertical - The features of the bahay na bato
threads with another series of horizontal may be different in every region.
threads at right angles. Although building the bahay na
bato declined during the 1930’s,
Architecture there are still many bahay na bato
in the country that exist today
 It is considered to be one of the most
fundamental branches of visual arts. c) Barong-Barong
 We can readily see architecture in our - The barong-barong are houses of
surroundings because architecture involves the landless poor that are built on
designing the form if a building while allowing any land or area.
the building to serve its function. - These are usually found near the
 It is considered to be the “the art of inhabit”. esteras, riverbanks, and
bayshores; spaces along high
FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY walls, railroad tracks; spaces near
ACHITECTURE abandoned buildings, and garbage
dumps; or any vacant lot.
1. DOMESTIC BUILDINGS & HOUSES
- Some of these barong-barong are
built under bridges.
a) Apartment
- People usually build these houses
- This refers to a building composed
near the places of livelihood.
of many residences called units.
- There are also other people who
- This is usually built in populated
prefer building their houses on
urban areas.
wide vacant lots in order to use
- Nowadays, in order to maximize
these in raising animals, planting
the use of space and because of
vegetables, or undertaking a small
the increased buying power of the
business.
population, condominiums were
developed.
d) Bungalow
- These condominiums are larger
- This refers to a one-story house
offshoot of apartments.
with a wide front porch and large
- Most of the units in a condominium
windows.
are used as residences, but other is
- It may also have a terrace, which
also used as business and
may be roofed or not.
commercial spaces.
2. ETHNIC HOUSES
b) Bahay na Bato
- Built in many areas during the 19th
a) Bahay Kubo
to 20th centuries.
- The bahay kubo is considered as
- The bahay na bato is considered
an ethnic house of Christian
to be a residence of the wealthy.
peasant families living in the
- A typical two-story bahay na bato
lowland areas.
generally has a ground floor that
- This is typically owned by families
is made of brick and stone and
belonging in low income groups.
has a wooden upper level.
- The bahay kubo has pile of
- The windows at the level have
construction and roof sliding in all
grilles, while the windows at
sides, which is typical in traditional

@/alexa.graza
 ethnic houses. However, the bahay lower levels, a steep roof and a
kubo has sliding windows for decorated gable.
ventilation. 3. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
- An owner of a bahay kubo can
easily arrange house units since it a) Market (Palengke)
only has one room. - This refers to a place or a building
- This allows people living within the for buying and selling goods.
house to move freely and to - This is also referred to as
interact with other people, even tindahan, and tiyangge.
those living outside the house, - Nowadays, the palengke has
easily. evolved into supermarket, which
puts the wet market and the
b) Houseboat grocery together in the same
- The houseboat is basically a boat complex.
that also serves as a dweling. - There are designated areas within
- The Badjaos or Sama Laut the supermarket for both
typically resides in houseboats. perishable and non-perishable
commodities.
c) One-and-a-Half Story House - The mall, or galleria, is
- It is characterized by a upper level considered a more recent evolved
or story covering just a half of the form of the palengke.
lower level. - The mall refers to a one-or-
- This may also become a split-level multiple-story building or a square
house if half of the ground level is filled with shops.
higher in such a way that it is
halfway between the ground level b) Buildings that house banks, business
and the upper level. office, and factories
- These buildings, especially those
d) Split-level House created during the 1950’s have
- This house in the Philippines has plain wall surfaces and large
two main levels: windows.
 The lower level – houses the - These also have bold
kitchen, living and dining rectangular forms and clean
areas. lines.
 The upper level – has the - There are even buildings that do
bedrooms. not exhibit symmetry of form.
- These levels can be separated
about half or less than a half a 4. GOVERMENT BUILDINGS
story.
a) Capitol (Kapitolyo)
e) Tsalet - This refers to the building of the
- The Philippine tsalet refers to a provincial government.
suburban house that has one story, - Most of the kapitolyo in the country
a two-story house with living use columns and pediments in
quarters on the upper level, or an the exterior of the buildings.
elevated one story house.
- The term tsalet came from the b) Town hall (Munisipyo)
term “chalet” which refers to a - This refers to the building of the
peasant house in Switzerland that municipal government.
has upper levels jutting over the - The offices of the mayor, the
municipal council, the municipal

@/alexa.graza
 court and jail, and other important - The entrance of this huge long
offices such as the municipal building is located at the center of
register’s office are located here. the long side.
- There are some instances,
however, when the municipal court
and jail are housed in a separate c) Masjid
building called the tribunal. - The masjid or mosque refers to a
place of worship of the Muslims.
5. PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES - A typical Philippines mosque has
the following features:
a) School (Eskwelahan)  A tower called minaret.
- This refers to a place where young  A prayer niche called
people are educated to become mihrab
productive members of the  The dome, arches that
community. reinforced with pillars.
- The most common style of the  A pulpit called mimbar.
eskwelahan is American- - However, the mimbar is low
influenced, which featured a compared to the mimbar in African
concrete structure elevated on and Western Asian mosques.
stilts. - In addition, most minarets are not
- This building also have windows being used for the call to prayer
with awnings that would give the because this is usually done inside
entire building good ventilation. the mosque.
- The classrooms in the building are - There are also benches placed
linked together by veranda located outside the mosque where
at the front and rear part of the everyone may sit and talk while
building. waiting.
- One can see the crescent and the
b) Kamalig star ornament in almost every
- The kamalig is the Tagalog term corner of the mosque, as well as
for a building used for storing the okir craving and other motifs.
grain.
- This is considered to be the most d) Cementery (Sementeryo)
economically significant structure - The cementery is the place where
among the tribes in Northern people bury the dead.
Philippines. - It has other names such as
- In fact, the kamalig is typically kampo santo, pantyan, &
raised from the ground and is libingan.
being protected from rats and - A cementery had a small chapel
pests. and vaults or nichos surrounding
- In some provinces, especially those the chapel.
in the lowland areas, the bahay - Later, mausoleums were developed
kubo or nipa hut can be used as a and used by the wealthy.
form of kamalig. - Nowadays, memorial parks, which
- However, nowadays, warehouses have wide green areas covering
made with galvanize – iron the vaults and columbariums,
sheets and steel frames are built which are the building for storing
by the government for storing cremated remains, are developed.
grain bought from local farmers or
from other countries. e) Church (Simbahan)

@/alexa.graza
 - The simbahan is a place of worship a contemporary architectural
for Christian congregation. style, such as the Cathedral
- How a church was designed usually of the Holdy Child in Manila.
depends on the religious
denomination it belongs. iii. Protestant Churches
 Most of the Protestant
churches have the Neogothic
i. Roman Catholic Churches Architectural Style, meaning
 The typical Roman Catholic rib vaults and pointed arches
Church built during the can be seen in the structure.
Spanish Colonial Period has  In addition to those, stained
the “earthquake baroque” glass windows were also
style. used to add colourful effects
 This style is characterized by brought by the sun’s rays.
having a separate bell-tower
from the church facade and iv. Iglesia ni Cristo (INC)
stronger walls with Churches
buttresses.  A typical facade of INC has a
 These features, as the name triangular arch that is lined
implies, are helpful in with tall slender towers.
avoiding severe damage  There are also two additional
during earthquakes. towers at the rear part of the
 However, the detached bell- church. These two towers
tower is more common in and spires are ornamented
churches in the Ilocos Region with open work (creating
than in Visayas Region. gaps or holes through the
 The dome is usually solid material).
hemispherical and rest on a  The entrance has a wavelike
cylindrical structure with the canopy.
same diameter.  Galleries connect the front
 However, churches built and the rear part of the
during the late 19 century
th
church.
show a different architectural
style, fusing later styles with f) Movie House (Sinehan)
the usual “earthquake - The sinehan is a place where
baroque” style. A good people watch films or motion
example of this is the church pictures.
of San Sebastian in Manila. - This is used to be a separate large
building and considered as a
ii. Aglipayan Church landmark in a community.
 Considering that the Iglesia - However, there are now movie
Filipina Independiente, or houses that are part of the
more popularly known as the structure of shopping malls. These
Aglipayan church, is an movie houses inside malls are
offshoot of the Roman smaller than the separate sinehan.
Catholic Church. - This is not only prevalent in Metro
 Most of its churches have the Manila, but also in provincial urban
same style with Roman centers.
Catholic churches.
 However, there are some g) Theatre (Teatro)
Aglipayan churches that have

@/alexa.graza
 - The teatro is building intended for
dance, musical, and theatrical
presentations.
- This is different from auditorium
because the teatro is essentially a
separate building compared to the
former.

OTHER FORMS & STRUCTURES

1. FORT (KUTA)
 These are structures that are built to
defend a community against enemies.
 These are usually found in areas with
natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills,
narrow passers, mountains, and waters.

2. LIGHTHOUSE (PAROLA)
 The lighthouse is a structure built on an
island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that
ships will be able to pass through a
narrow are safely.
 A good example of this is the Cape
Bojeador Lighthouse in Ilocos
Norte.

3. BRIDGE (TULAY)
 The tulay is a horizontal structure that
serves as a passageway between two
areas separated by a body of water, a
hollow are, or a road.
 During the 1960’s until the 1980’s, more
bridges and elevated roads were built in
order to connect islands and to facilitate
faster travel even in flood-prone area.

@/alexa.graza