A Guide to the many ways people can connect to the Internet

As technology grows, so does our need for bigger, better and faster Internet connections. Over the years, the way content is
presented via the Web has changed drastically. Ten years ago being able to center bold, colored text was something to admire,
while today Flash, animations, online gaming, streaming video, database-driven Web sites, e-commerce and virtual offices — to
name but a few — are becoming standards. The need for speed has changed the options available to consumers and businesses
alike in terms of how and how fast we can connect to the Internet.
While technology changes at a rapid pace, so do Internet connections. The connection speeds listed below represent a snapshot of
general average to maximum speeds at the time of publication. This is no doubt will change over time and Internet connection
speeds also vary between Internet Service Providers (ISP).

Analog (up to 56k)

Also called dial-up access, it is both economical and slow. Using a modemconnected to your PC, users connect to the Internet
when the computer dials a phone number (which is provided by your ISP) and connects to the network. Dial-up is an analog
connection because data is sent over an analog,  public telephone network. The modem converts received analog data to digital
and vise versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone lines the quality of the connection is not always good and data rates
are limited.
Typical Dial-up connection speeds range from 2400 bps to 56 Kbps.

ISDN
Integrated services digital network (ISDN) is an international communications standard for sending voice, video, and data over
digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires.
Typical ISDN speeds range from 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps.

B-ISDN
Broadband ISDN is similar in function to ISDN but it transfers data over fiber optic telephone lines, not normal telephone
wires. SONET is the physical transportbackbone of B-ISDN. Broadband ISDN has not been widely implemented.

DSL
DSL is also called an always on connection because it uses existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to the premise and
will not tie up your phone as a dial-up connection does. There is no need to dial-in to your ISP as DSL is always on. The two
main categories of DSL for home subscribers are called ADSL and SDSL.

ADSL
ADSL is the most commonly deployed types of DSL in North America. Short for asymmetric digital subscriber line ADSL
supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when
sending data (known as the upstream rate). ADSL requires a special ADSL modem.

ADSL+2
ADSL+2A is an extension to ADSL broadband technology that provides subscribers with significantly faster download speeds
when compared to traditional ADSL connections. ADSL+2 works in the same fashion as ADSL a special filter is installed on a
subscriber's telephone line to split existing copper telephone lines (POTS) between regular telephone (voice) and ADSL+2.
ADSL2+ service is most commonly offered in highly-populated metropolitan areas and subscribers must be in close geographical
locations to the provider's central office to receive ADSL2+ service.

SDSL
SDSL is still more common in Europe. Short for symmetric digital subscriber line, a technology that allows more data to be sent
over existing copper telephone lines (POTS). SDSL supports data rates up to 3 Mbps. SDSL works by sending digital pulses in
the high-frequency area of telephone wires and can not operate simultaneously with voice connections over the same wires.
SDSL requires a special SDSL modem. SDSL is called symmetric because it supports the same data rates for upstream and
downstream traffic.

VDSL
Very High DSL (VDSL) is a DSL technology that offers fast data rates over relatively short distances — the shorter the distance,
the faster the connection rate.
All types of DSL technologies are collectively referred to as xDSL.
xDSL connection speeds range from 128 Kbps to 8 Mbps.
Cable
Through the use of a cable modem you can have a broadband Internet connection that is designed to operate over cable TV lines.
Cable Internet works by using TV channel space for data transmission, with certain channels used for downstream transmission,
and other channels for upstream transmission. Because the coaxial cable used by cable TV provides much greater bandwidth than
telephone lines, a cable modem can be used to achieve extremely fast access.
Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps.

Wireless Internet Connections

Wireless Internet, or wireless broadband is one of the newest Internet connection types. Instead of using telephone or cable
networks for your Internet connection, you use radio frequency bands. Wireless Internet provides an always-on connection which
can be accessed from anywhere — as long as you geographically within a network coverage area. Wireless access is still
considered to be relatively new, and it may be difficult to find a wireless service provider in some areas. It is typically more
expensive and mainly available in metropolitan areas.
See the Wireless Networking Standards page of Webopedia for data rates, Modulation schemes, Security, and More
info on Wireless networking.

T-1 Lines
T-1 lines are a popular leased line option for businesses connecting to the Internet and for Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
connecting to the Internet backbone. It is a dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of 1.544Mbps.  A T-1 line actually
consists of 24 individual channels, each of which supports 64Kbits per second. Each 64Kbit/second channel can be configured to
carry voice or data traffic. Most telephone companies allow you to buy just one or some of these individual channels. This is
known as as fractional T-1 access.

Bonded T-1
A bonded T-1 is two or more T-1 lines that have been joined (bonded) together to increase bandwidth. Where a single T-1
provides approximately 1.5Mbps, two bonded T1s provide 3Mbps or 46 channels for voice or data. Two bonded T-1s allow you
to use the full bandwidth of 3Mbps where two individual T-1s can still only use a maximum of 1.5Mbps at one time. To be
bonded the T-1 must run into the same router at the end, meaning they must run to the same ISP.
T-1 Lines support speeds of 1.544 Mbps
Fractional T-1 speeds are 64 Kbps per channel (up to 1.544 Mbps), depending on number of leased channels.
Typical Bonded T-1 (two bonded T-1 lines) speed is around 3 Mbps.

T-3 Lines
T-3 lines are dedicated phone connections supporting data rates of about 43 to 45 Mbps. It too is a popular leased line option. A
T-3 line actually consists of 672 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kbps. T-3 lines are used mainly by Internet
Service Providers (ISPs) connecting to the Internet backbone and for the backbone itself.
Typical T-3 supports speeds ranging from 43 to 45 Mbps.