• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

This Online Learning Seminar is available through a

Expansion
professional courtesy provided by:

Construction Specialties, Inc.

6696 State Route 405
Muncy, PA 17756
Joint Cover
Direct: 570.546.5941

Systems
Toll-Free: 1.800.233.8493
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.c-sgroup.com/expansion-joint-covers

START
©2017, 2018 Construction Specialties, Inc. The material
contained in this course was researched, assembled, and
produced by Construction Specialties, Inc. and remains its
property. Questions or concerns about the content of this
powered by course should be directed to the program instructor. This
multimedia product is the copyright of AEC Daily.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 1 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEMS

Presented by: Construction Specialties, Inc.

6696 State Route 405
Muncy, PA 17756

Description: An expansion joint is a structural gap designed to accommodate the movement of a building in a controlled
manner, preventing damage to the internal and external finishes of a building. Expansion joints run throughout a
building, in walls, ceilings, and floors. Expansion joint covers provide a covered transition across an expansion
opening and remain unaffected by the relative movement of the two surfaces either side of the joint. This course
explains how to determine joint movement requirements and how to size a joint. It also discusses the performance
of different expansion joint cover systems and the applicable fire protection and building codes.

To ensure the accuracy of this program material, this course is valid only when listed on AEC Daily’s Online
Learning Center. Please click here to verify the status of this course. If the course is not displayed on the above
page, it is no longer offered.

The American Institute of Architects · Course No. AEC1026 · This program qualifies for 1.0 LU/HSW Hour.

AEC Daily Corporation is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be
reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for
continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any
method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of
this presentation.

This course is approved by other organizations. Please click here for details.
©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 2 of 74 >
• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

AEC Daily Corporation has met the standards and requirements of the Registered
Continuing Education Program. Credit earned on completion of this program will be
reported to RCEP at RCEP.net. A certificate of completion will be issued to each
participant. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be
an approval or endorsement by the RCEP.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 3 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

PURPOSE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Purpose: An expansion joint is a structural gap designed to accommodate the movement of a building in a controlled
manner, preventing damage to the internal and external finishes of a building. Expansion joints run throughout a building,
in walls, ceilings, and floors. Expansion joint covers provide a covered transition across an expansion opening and
remain unaffected by the relative movement of the two surfaces either side of the joint. This course explains how to
determine joint movement requirements and how to size a joint. It also discusses the performance of different expansion
joint cover systems and the applicable fire protection and building codes.

Learning Objectives: At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

• discuss the purpose of an expansion joint cover system in terms of its function, safety, and accessibility
• evaluate expansion joint movement requirements and explain how to size a joint to meet those requirements
• determine how the ADA Standards for Accessible Design apply to expansion joint cover systems
• discuss current building code requirements and testing standards for fire barrier cover systems
• recall the fundamentals of static and dynamic fire barriers for expansion joint covers, and
• describe the features of different types of expansion joint cover systems and discuss the factors that must be
considered when selecting an expansion joint cover system for a specific type of building project.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 4 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

HOW TO USE THIS ONLINE LEARNING COURSE

• To view this course, use the arrows at the bottom of each slide or the up and down arrow keys on your keyboard.

• To print or exit the course at any time, press the ESC key on your keyboard. This will minimize the full-screen
presentation and display the menu bar.

• Some slides may contain video clips. This course includes videos. To view the videos, follow the instructions on the
individual slides. This course contains embedded multimedia content such as audio or video files that may not play in
your browser. Please open this PDF in an external PDF viewer to ensure that the content is playable.

• Within this course is an exam password that you will be required to enter in order to proceed with the online
examination. Please be sure to remember or write down this exam password so that you have it available for the test.

• To receive a certificate indicating course completion, refer to the instructions at the end of the course.

• For additional information and post-seminar assistance, click on any of the logos and icons within a page or any of
the links at the top of each page.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 5 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GETTING STARTED │ Joint Sizing & Movement 7

EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEMS │ Cover Families 18

ADA STANDARDS │ Changes in Level 46

EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEMS │ Fire Rating & Testing 50

SELECTING A COVER │ Application Considerations 59

CASE STUDIES 67

RESOURCES 72

Click on title to view

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 6 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

GETTING STARTED │ Joint Sizing & Movement

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 7 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTRODUCTION

During the initial planning phase of a building, there are

many factors an architect must consider. Although most
buildings need expansion joints, they are sometimes an
afterthought, which can cause major issues in the
design of a building if they are not accounted and
properly planned for.

This image shows what a building may look like if it

does not have expansion joints incorporated into its
design. This example is obviously an extreme case; an
earthquake has torn the building completely in half. In
less extreme cases, not properly planning for a joint
opening may cause a building to develop cracks in its
building components, such as the walls, floors, and
ceilings. Nonetheless, serious and costly issues can
arise over the lifetime of a building if expansion joints
are not properly incorporated into the design during the
early stages of a building construction project.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 8 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTRODUCTION

An expansion joint or movement joint is a structural gap

designed to accommodate the movement of a building in a
controlled manner, preventing damage to the internal and
external finishes.

Expansion joints help to solve complex building

movement, not only in major weather events but also in
everyday occurrences, and this is the focus of this course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 9 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

WHERE ARE EXPANSION JOINTS SPECIFIED?

This image uses red lines to dissect a building at a point where

an expansion joint is typically specified. The red lines show
where a space or gap must be left in a building to allow for
potential thermal, wind sway, settlement, and/or seismic
movement.

Much like a section cut dissects a drawing, an expansion joint

completely dissects the building through all of its elements. They
typically run from top to bottom and front to back and often
become wider as you go higher up in the building, as movement
becomes more prevalent.

Expansion joints essentially give a building some flexibility when

movement occurs. As seen in this section cut, this affects the
interior floors, walls, and ceiling, and the exterior walls and roof
of the building. When an expansion joint enters a building it must
continue through the building. If it does not, the building
components cannot move as independent pieces.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 10 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

WHAT IS AN EXPANSION JOINT COVER?

WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
An expansion joint cover is exactly what it is called—a cover that protects the space or gap between two or more building
materials. An expansion joint is required in a building design to accommodate any building movement, so it is important
that the cover does not restrict the movement, but for safety reasons, an expansion joint needs to be covered.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 11 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINTS

Expansion joint openings can be less than an

inch wide or several feet wide, depending on
the geographical location of a building.

This map of the United States shows the

likelihood of an earthquake occurring in
different areas of the country. Areas in yellow,
orange, red, and pink will most likely require
large seismic expansion joint openings, while
the green, blue, and gray areas in the northern
and eastern parts of the country require smaller
joint openings to accommodate thermal
movement.

Note, building settlement and movement can

Earthquake hazards exist throughout the United States. The U.S. Geological Survey
occur anywhere in the United States, and wind
(USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquakes, and their national and
sway is factored in where hurricanes are likely regional seismic hazard maps forecast the amount of shaking expected over specified
to hit. time periods. Source: www.USGS.gov

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 12 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

MOVEMENT BASICS

Next, we’ll take a look at how an expansion joint cover will function Thermal movement
based on the type of movement that is expected. There are four types
of movement: thermal expansion or contraction, building settlement,
wind sway, and seismic activity.

Thermal movement is the most common and occurs when a building

expands or contracts due to external temperatures that cause the
building to heat up or cool down. For example, in some parts of the
country you can have large temperature swings between morning and
evening, so the materials in a building cause the building to shrink or Building settlement
contract in cooler weather, but expand throughout the day as it gets
warmer.

Another common type of movement is building settlement. It is caused

by the dead and live loads of the structure on the supporting
foundations and typically occurs when a new structure is connected to
an existing structure. Over time, the new building will “settle” but will do
so at a different rate than that of the existing building.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 13 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

MOVEMENT BASICS

The third type of movement, wind sway, occurs in tall buildings, which are Wind sway
subject to a swaying movement when the wind blows. In windy cities like
Chicago, or in areas that are subject to hurricanes, wind sway needs to
be taken into consideration. In instances when there is a lower portion of
a building next to a taller portion of a building, as seen in the top photo,
an expansion joint would be found between the lower portion and the
taller portion of the building. This is because the taller portion of the
building is more subject to powerful gusts of wind.

Seismic movement is infrequent, but it can do a lot of damage depending

Seismic movement
on the severity of the “wave” motion in the ground when the seismic
event occurs. Seismic movement can occur in any combination of
directions. It is sporadic and typically short-lived, versus thermal
movement that could cause the building to move just a little bit every day
for a prolonged period of time.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 14 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVERS

Expansion joint covers come in a variety of materials, sizes, and functions. There are covers to accommodate each of the
four movement types. Once it is determined what type of movement a building may be subject to, the next step is to figure
out what size expansion joint cover is required.

To simplify the specification process of an expansion joint cover, it is important to understand the nominal, minimum, and
maximum expansion joint widths—the movement range. Ideally, all width measurements should be expressed as a
dimension in inches (e.g., 2″). To avoid confusion during the bidding/construction process, it may be necessary to confirm
with the assigned structural engineer the width measurement units since, unless specified, the engineer may provide the
movement range as a percentage.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 15 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVERS

In this example, we’ll say the engineer gave a nominal joint width
of 2″ that closes 1″, and opens 1″.

The nominal joint width of an expansion joint cover is the

specified size of the joint opening, or the width of the joint without
movement. The nominal joint width in this example is 2″.

The minimum joint width is defined as the narrowest linear gap

that the joint system tolerates or is expected to close to. For
instance, if a 2″ nominal joint is expected to close 1″, then the
minimum joint width would be 1″ (e.g., 2″ (nominal) – 1″ (close) =
1″ minimum joint width).

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 16 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVERS

It is important to note that the minimum joint width should never be

zero (0″). This is because there may be building materials, such as
a fire barrier or turnbars, that may need to be installed inside the
joint opening, in which case closing the joint to 0″ would not be
possible. This issue will be addressed later on in the presentation.

The maximum joint width is defined as the widest linear gap that
a joint system is expected to tolerate and in which it can perform its
designed function without damaging its functional capabilities (e.g.,
2″ (nominal) + 1″ (open) = 3″ maximum joint width).

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 17 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEMS │ Cover Families

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 18 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: SINGLE GASKET

This section of the course takes a look at how different expansion joint cover
systems can accommodate certain construction and design challenges.

Single gasket covers are used for smaller interior joint sizes, from 1″ to 2″, and
can accommodate a minimal amount of thermal movement. These cover
systems come in various configurations: flush, semi-flush, and surface mount.

The soft center section of the gasket allows for full movement due to thermal
expansion and contraction. Single gasket covers typically have a narrow
sightline for minimal visual impact, and they can be easily matched to the floor,
a wall, and the ceiling. In addition, they can accept most finishes.

Interior floor application

Single gasket cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 19 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: SINGLE GASKET

The wall cover shown here has flanges that attach to

the wall and can be mudded in. Ceiling covers can
be made so that the frames rest on the ceiling
tracks. As shown in these photos, the single gasket
cover blends in well with its surrounding finishes.

Typically, this type of system is used in areas where

hygiene is of the utmost importance and a smooth
transition is required—for example, in healthcare
facilities where the “bump” that may occur when
transferring a patient from the floor of one area to the
floor of another needs to be minimized.

It is important to try to avoid applications where the

seals in this type of system could be damaged by Interior ceiling application
Interior wall application
sharp objects, in places such as schools and Single gasket cover Single gasket cover
prisons, for example.

.
©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 20 of 74 >
• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ INTERIOR COVERS: SINGLE GASKET

This video shows how a single gasket

cover expands and contracts with thermal
movement. You will also notice that the
seal is two different colors. This is called
dual durometer. The lighter portion is
made of a hard material, which helps the
seal stay engaged to the frame, while the
darker portion is made of a soft, flexible
material that allows for the thermal
movement.

If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to view the video on
YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the
course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 21 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: DUAL GASKET

Dual gasket systems are used in large joint

applications where the joint movement will
exceed what a single gasket system is
designed to handle and a wider range of
movement is required. These types of cover
systems may be available in a variety of
configurations, both flush and semi-flush,
and are designed to keep a minimal sightline
to provide a concealed look.

Like the single gasket system, the soft center

sections of the gaskets allow for full
movement for thermal contraction and
expansion. They can accommodate most
finishes and be easily matched to the
aesthetics of the floors, walls, and ceilings.
Interior floor application Interior wall application
Dual gasket cover Dual gasket cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 22 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: DUAL GASKET

A flush dual gasket system is also ideally suited for applications where hygiene is important, such as healthcare facilities.
It will also allow for light-wheeled equipment to cross over it without suffering any damage. Again, it is important to avoid
applications where the seals may be damaged by sharp objects. If a dual gasket system does get damaged in some
way, it is possible to replace the seals without replacing the entire cover system.

Some dual gasket systems are designed to accommodate multi-directional movement (expansion, contraction, lateral
shear, and vertical displacement) for buildings in a seismic zone. If seismic movement must be accommodated, a system
that incorporates turnbars would be used to allow the gasket seals to come out of the frame to get more movement,
while keeping the center plate down. In most cases, the seals will need to be replaced after a seismic event.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 23 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ INTERIOR COVERS: DUAL GASKET

This video illustrates how a dual gasket

system accommodates movement due to
thermal expansion and contraction of the
building elements.

If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to view the video on
YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 24 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: ALL-ALUMINUM

All-aluminum expansion joint covers can work with most surrounding finishes.
They are durable and can be used in a wide range of applications.

All-aluminum covers are often specified for smaller joint openings, and they may
be available in a variety of configurations. For example, the interlocking
configuration allows for horizontal movement in the floor slab, as well as for
some vertical deflection. This type of cover has a minimal exposed surface, can
accommodate thermal movement, and is highly resistant to heavy rolling loads,
distortion, and wear. This type of system holds up well under significant heavy
foot traffic in places such as malls and airports, yet it remains extremely low
maintenance.

Interior floor application

Interlocking, all-aluminum cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 25 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: ALL-ALUMINUM

The all-aluminum surface-mounted wall

cover shown here (left photo) has a low
profile and is mounted using a clip
attached to one side of the wall to let it
move freely on the opposite side to allow
the required movement.

Another all-aluminum floor cover

configuration is the surface-mounted
cover (right photo). This type of cover
typically allows for more horizontal
movement than an interlocking cover,
and some versions may be able to
accommodate vertical movement. The
cover in this photo has a single hinged
plate that is anchored to the floor slab,
and slides over the adjacent floor slab
Interior wall application Interior floor application
when movement occurs. Surface-mounted, all-aluminum cover Surface-mounted, all-aluminum cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 26 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: ALL-ALUMINUM

A third type of metal cover configuration is a

system with a free-floating aluminum center
plate that spans the joint and slides between
retainer assemblies to allow for the required
movement.

This type of system is designed to be tamper

resistant and can be made flush to the
surrounding finishes.

In floor applications, the cover plate of this type

of system is recessed, which means it is not an
ideal solution for areas with frequent wheeled
traffic.

Interior floor application Interior wall application

All-aluminum cover with All-aluminum cover with
free-floating aluminum center plate free-floating aluminum center plate

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 27 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: SEISMIC

Expansion joint cover systems that are larger than 5″ commonly utilize a turnbar to
keep the center plate positioned over the joint throughout movement cycles.

The center plate is fastened to the turnbar, which in turn is engaged with the
frames that are mounted to the building. The turnbar allows the building to move
behind the center plate and keeps the center plate from being damaged.

Turnbars are supplied wider than the joint and must all be positioned in the same
direction since they act like a pair of scissors. Some configurations of this type of
cover system can be recessed so they can accommodate the thickness of the
surrounding floor material.

This photo shows a recessed configuration that was adjusted to receive a thick
flooring material.

Interior floor application

Seismic cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 28 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

INTERIOR COVERS: SEISMIC

Some seismic covers have exposed metal plates, as seen in the photo. The
self-centering center plate will remain flush during thermal movement, but
will temporarily displace and slide over the floor surface during seismic
activity.

Another type of seismic cover is the dual gasket cover as shown earlier in
the presentation. This type of cover maintains its flush profile during thermal
movement and pops up in a seismic event.

Interior floor, wall, and ceiling application

Seismic cover

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 29 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ INTERIOR COVERS: SEISMIC

This video shows the movement of a

seismic pan system. Caulk joints on either
side of the pan expand and contract for
minor thermal movement.

During seismic activity, the center pan

assembly lifts for additional movement and
returns to normal position after an event.
This particular system has a cover plate
with a deep recess that accepts floor
finishes of up to 1″ thick. The deep recess
allows for higher-end finishes like terrazzo
and stone.

If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to view the video on
YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 30 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: RUBBER & RAIL

The exterior expansion joint cover shown in

these photos consists of a thermoplastic
primary seal and a secondary seal that is held
in place with two aluminum extrusions that are
sealed to the substrates utilizing mechanical
fasteners.

Exterior rubber and rail cover systems can

accommodate joint sizes ranging from 2″ to 36″.
The thermoplastic can have factory-welded
corners to ensure a watertight joint and create
an aesthetically pleasing finish. The ribs in the
seal allow it to expand and compress during
movement. This type of system is typically
available in a handful of standard colors, with
custom colors available subject to minimum
runs.
Exterior wall application
Rubber and rail system

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 31 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: FIELD-FABRICATED MITERED

TRANSITIONS
These photos show examples of field-fabricated mitered transitions. Because they are mitered in the field, they cannot be
tested to determine if they will function as intended. They are also not as aesthetically pleasing as factory-fabricated
miters can be. Field-fabricated miters are only as good as the skill of the person making them, so their quality can vary
greatly.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 32 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: FACTORY-FABRICATED MITERED

TRANSITIONS
These photos show examples of factory-fabricated mitered transitions. These have been made in a factory utilizing a heat
welding iron that welds the seals together. They have clean lines and are aesthetically pleasing. They also have a greater
chance of keeping moisture out as opposed to field-fabricated miters because they were fabricated in controlled
conditions with the proper equipment.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 33 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: FOAMS

Foam expansion joint covers consist of a factory-

cured silicone face on a foam block. The performance
of these systems is dependent upon the type of foam
used.

An open-cell impregnated foam system, like the one

shown here, allows for +/- 50% movement and is
more commonly used than a closed-cell system. This
type of foam system is precompressed and will
expand out to the joint size once opened and
installed. This means the cover must be installed
quickly before its expansion exceeds the joint width.
Normally shipped in 5′ long sticks, these foam covers
can accommodate joint sizes ranging from 1″ to 12″.
Precompressed foam relies strictly on the foam to
make a joint watertight.
Exterior wall application
Compressed foam system

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 34 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: FOAMS

A closed-cell foam cover system, like the one shown

on this slide, needs to be compressed prior to
installation. Closed-cell foam requires an epoxy to
hold it in place. Once installed, a closed-cell foam
cover system looks similar to an open-cell system
and allows for +/- 25% movement. This type of
system may be available in 5′ long sticks and can
accommodate joint sizes ranging from 1″ to 12″.

Whichever type of foam system is specified, it is

important to make sure that it meets the movement
requirements of the project. It is important to note
that the bigger a joint opening gets, the more “ribs”
there are on the seal, and when a foam system is
installed in a large joint opening, it can look wavy.

Exterior wall application

Uncompressed foam system

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 35 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXTERIOR COVERS: INFILL

An exterior infill expansion joint cover is recommended

when large amounts of movement are expected on a
vertical exterior wall.

The pan in the center of the cover can hold lightweight

building materials to help disguise the joint cover
assembly. The panel of the system is hinged on one
side and is controlled by a counterweight that returns
the door to the closed position after the movement
occurs. At the nominal joint opening, the door is held
closed with a series of magnets to prevent the system
from opening due to wind.

This photo shows an infill system installed. Due to the

types of building materials the pan in the center can
accept, the cover system blends in well with the rest of
the building. Exterior wall application
Infill system

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 36 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ EXTERIOR COVERS: INFILL

These two videos show how an exterior infill cover system works with counterweights and magnets. As the building
moves, it pushes the cover out. While the design of the system is made to remain tight to the building to keep it closed, it
will move free when the building moves. The counterweights are the blue parts and the magnets are the red pieces. The
center pan is built like a ladder so there are attachment points for finish materials.

If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio). If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to
view the video on YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe view the video on YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe
PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course. PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 37 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ROOF COVERS: BELLOWS

The bellows roof expansion joint cover system has

been around for many years. It typically comprises
a metal flange (galvanized copper, stainless steel,
or aluminum) that is attached to an EPDM rubber
(ethylene propylene diene monomer (M-class)
rubber), neoprene, or PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
bellow with a support foam on the back side.

The bellow’s material expands and contracts for

multi-directional movement. The system can
accommodate joint sizes ranging from 1″ to 16″
and can usually be modified for larger joint
openings. Factory-fabricated roof-to-wall
transitions can be made available and are
recommended to ensure a watertight installation.
While bellows cover systems are very functional,
they can be less attractive than a metal system.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 38 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ROOF COVERS: ALUMINUM

An aluminum roof expansion joint cover system

commonly has a metal cap that is held in place with a
turnbar or a fastener in a roof-to-wall application. This
type of system can allow for movement of up to 100%
of the joint width in all horizontal directions, which a
bellows system is unable to do.

It is important to note that if the joint changes directions

as it goes through the building, it introduces lateral
movement that should be taken into account.

The formed cap in a roof-to-roof application is typically

held in place with a series of turnbars. A secondary
seal is also used under the cover plate.

The system is drained to an exterior wall, or through a

series of drain tubes. Roof application
Aluminum system

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 39 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ROOF COVERS: ALUMINUM

Aluminum roof expansion joint covers are typically installed with

a standard mill finish aluminum, but they can be painted or
powder coated if desired.

One of the advantages of a roof-to-wall cover system is that the

mounting height is consistent throughout the joint series, unlike
the bellows that gets larger as the joint size increases.

It is good practice to stipulate that exterior wall covers and roof

covers be specified as a single source so that the manufacturer
can coordinate transitions between the two, thus ensuring a
watertight system.

Like the bellows system, the aluminum roof system typically

accommodates joint sizes ranging from 1″ to 16″ and can be
modified for larger joint sizes.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 40 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

OPEN AIR STRUCTURE COVERS: GASKETED

When specifying open air structure expansion joint covers for

areas such as parking garages, compression seals can be
utilized in areas where block-outs may not be available or
suitable. The idea behind the use of a compression seal is that it
is sized larger than the joint width and installed under its own
compression with an epoxy to hold it in place.

Open air structure covers can be used in exterior horizontal or

vertical applications, with the most common joint widths ranging
from 1″ to 4″. In horizontal applications, the compression seal
covers are capable of withstanding vehicular traffic. The
configuration of the webbing in the seal allows the joint cover to
easily compress and expand +/- 50% of its nominal size.

When installed properly, compression seals provide a watertight

seal. As you can see in the photograph, the joint cover is used in
a parking garage against a parapet wall.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 41 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

OPEN AIR STRUCTURE COVERS: GASKETED

The type of gasketed open air structure cover

shown here is primarily used in plaza deck
construction with split slab applications that are 2″
to 4″ wide. Its primary seal expands and contracts
to allow for movement, while the wing seal design
on the sides allows the waterproofing membrane
to be integrated with the cover to provide a
continuous watertight system. The side frames can
be manufactured in multiple depths to
accommodate many different exterior finishes
including pavers and landscaping.

In this cover, the primary seal is made of

thermoplastic, which allows it to be heat welded for
miters and transitions. The photo shows the side
wings welded into the waterproofing system before
the finishes are applied.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 42 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

OPEN AIR STRUCTURE COVERS: GASKETED

Wing seals are commonly used in parking

garage applications with joint widths ranging
from 1″ to 4″ where heavy vehicular traffic is
expected.

They are similar to a compression seal in that

they arrive on site larger than the joint size;
however, they also include wings on the side
that tie them to the concrete and make them
more durable than a typical compression seal.
Because the wings are tied to the concrete
without mechanical fasteners, the system will be
watertight.

In many instances, this type of cover system is

bonded in place with elastomeric concrete;
however, in the photo the seal shown is one
piece held in with an epoxy.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 43 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

OPEN AIR STRUCTURE COVERS: ALL-ALUMINUM

In parking structures with joint openings larger than 4″ it may be

necessary to select an all-aluminum cover system. All-aluminum
systems have a center plate, connected to side frames via a
turnbar, that spans the joint and slides between the side frame
assemblies to allow the required movement, much like interior
seismic floor covers.

In applications where vehicular traffic is expected, it is important

that the cover system has a heavy-duty turnbar equipped to
handle tire forces that will transfer from the plate into the fasteners
on the turnbar. Using an incorrect cover system can result in
sheared fasteners, causing the plates to rattle.

Like all other open air covers, it is recommended that these

systems incorporate a moisture barrier below them to make them
watertight. The moisture barrier can include drain tubes connected
to the building’s plumbing system to drain any water collected.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 44 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

OPEN AIR STRUCTURE COVERS: ALL-ALUMINUM

This example of an exterior cover system is ideal for use in parking

structures subject to heavy/high traffic loads. It is designed for use
with larger seismic joints, 8″ and up, utilizes fasteners attached on
one side to a rotational frame on the opposite side, and has a
sloped frame to allow the cover to move.

The rotational frame allows the system to get more vertical

displacement than the systems with turnbars will allow.

This type of system uses a moisture barrier to keep water out.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 45 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ADA STANDARDS │ Changes in Level

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 46 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is an all-inclusive piece of federal civil rights legislation that prohibits
discrimination against and ensures equal opportunity to persons with disabilities in all areas of public life, similar to those
provided to individuals on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, age, and religion.

The U.S. Access Board is responsible for writing and updating accessibility design guidelines and standards under the
ADA and other laws. Its ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) was published soon after the ADA was enacted.

The ADA required the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to publish ADA design standards that were consistent with
minimum accessibility guidelines published by the U.S. Access Board. The 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design
establish design requirements for program accessibility and barrier removal for construction and alterations of facilities
that are subject to the law.

The provisions of the ADA Standards for Accessible Design relevant to expansion joint cover systems identified on the
next few slides are intended as a guide only. Please consult your local jurisdiction to determine which ADA provisions and
building codes are applicable to your building project. ADA Standards apply nationwide and compliance is mandatory. A
thorough review of the design standards is required where facilities are newly built or altered.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 47 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ADA STANDARDS FOR ACCESSIBLE DESIGN

Chapter 3: Building Blocks

302 Floor or Ground Surfaces

302.1 General. Floor and ground surfaces shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant and shall comply with 302.
Advisory 302.1 General. A stable surface is one that remains unchanged by contaminants or applied force, so that when
the contaminant or force is removed, the surface returns to its original condition. A firm surface resists deformation by
either indentations or particles moving on its surface. A slip-resistant surface provides sufficient frictional counterforce to
the forces exerted in walking to permit safe ambulation.

303 Changes in Level

303.1 General. Where changes in level are permitted in floor or ground surfaces, they shall comply with 303.
303.2 Vertical. Changes in level of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high maximum shall be permitted to be vertical.
303.3 Beveled. Changes in level between 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high minimum and 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum shall be
beveled with a slope not steeper than 1:2.
Advisory 303.3 Beveled. A change in level of 1/2 inch (13 mm) is permitted to be 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) vertical plus 1/4 inch
(6.4 mm) beveled. However, in no case may the combined change in level exceed 1/2 inch (13 mm). Changes in level
exceeding 1/2 inch (13 mm) must comply with 405 (Ramps) or 406 (Curb Ramps), or a walkway if a slope no steeper than
1:20 can be achieved.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 48 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

ADA STANDARDS FOR ACCESSIBLE DESIGN

Any vertical edge height transition greater than ¼″

between flooring types is considered a tripping
hazard. Expansion joint covers are typically beveled
on the edge like the one shown in the photo to meet
the requirements of the ADA standard.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 49 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEMS │ Fire Rating & Testing

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 50 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ WHY AVOID 0″?

As mentioned earlier, a minimal

expansion joint width of 0″ should never
exist because:
• the cover system or the surrounding
construction could be damaged if the
surrounding substrates come together,
and
• if accessories such as a fire barrier,
turnbars, or a vapor barrier have been
incorporated into the cover system’s
design, the system would never close
properly, as seen in this video.

If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to view the video on
YouTube. Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the course.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 51 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

FIRE BARRIERS ARE REQUIRED

In 1980, a devastating fire incident occurred at the MGM Grand hotel and
casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The fire began in one of the kitchens on the lower
floor and within six minutes of the fire starting, the entire casino was engulfed in
flames. Although the fire did not reach the upper floors, 67 deaths were reported
on floors 16 to 26 due to smoke inhalation.

In his article “Lessons from the Past: MGM Grand Fire,” Azarang Mirkhah
writes, “Impaired smoke dampers and other HVAC components, openings in the
vertical shafts, stairways, elevator hoistways, and the seismic joints allowed the
toxic smoke to spread throughout the building all the way to the top floor.” There
was no fire barrier to be found anywhere in the expansion joints throughout the
hotel, thus creating a chimney effect through the building, which allowed the
smoke to quickly spread from room to room, as shown in the illustration above.
After this tragic event, more attention was paid to fire codes in expansion joints.

Fire-rated expansion joints are necessary in order to maintain a building’s safety

and resiliency. The following slides review the testing and code requirements for
fire barrier systems.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 52 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

FIRE BARRIER VS. FIRE STOP

An expansion joint that runs through a building may

interrupt a fire-rated assembly. To maintain the
integrity of the interrupted fire-rated assembly and
prevent the spread of fire, a fire barrier or fire stop
should be used.

The main difference between fire barriers and fire

stops is the allowance for movement. A fire stop is
used for non-movement/static applications while a
fire barrier is used for moving/dynamic applications.

To ensure proper functionality of the expansion joint

cover system, it is critical that fire barrier dimensions
be taken into account when determining the final size
of the expansion joint opening.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 53 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

PROPER FIRE BARRIER PLACEMENT

Proper fire barrier

placement is crucial in
maintaining a building’s
fire rating and structural
integrity.

Installing a fire barrier

incorrectly or in the
wrong place could allow
fire to pass through an
entire building, causing
catastrophic damage
and possibly loss of life.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 54 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

FIRE BARRIER TESTING

There are different designations for fire barrier testing. Items such as “S” “D”
Parameters
fire stops typically have an “S” designation while movement joints Designation Designation
require a “D” designation. FF-S-0000 FF-D-0000
Static
The “S” designation signifies that the system is a static system, which
Cycle tested
means that when it was tested it was tested in a non-moving (static)
state. ASTM E119, ASTM E1966,
Listing
UL 253 UL 2079

A “D” designation signifies dynamic testing, which means that not only
was the joint fire tested, it was also cycled to ensure it would hold up
to the expected amount of movement.

This is important because the small amount of thermal movement that

occurs daily can fatigue building materials. The dynamic test is
designed to mimic these conditions to ensure that a product will
continue to perform.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 55 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

VIDEO │ FIRE BARRIER TESTING

ASTM E1966 (UL 2079), “Standard Test Method for

Fire-Resistive Joint Systems,” evaluates the ability of
a fire-resistive joint system to undergo movement
without reducing the fire rating of the adjacent fire
separating elements, and the length of time the
system’s elements can contain a fire and retain their
integrity.
• ASTM E1399, “Standard Test Method for Cyclic
Movement and Measuring the Minimum and Maximum
Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems,” stipulates
that all expansion and seismic joint cover systems be
tested through 500 movement cycles and remain
functional.
• The fire exposure conditions used are commonly those If you’ve downloaded the course, click on image to start video (no audio).
specified by ASTM E119, “Standard Test Methods for If you are using a mobile device to take this course, you will be required to view the
Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.” video on YouTube.
Click here to access and click on the Adobe PDF icon in the taskbar to return to the
course.
This video shows expansion joint covers being put
through cycle testing.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 56 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

FIRE BARRIER TESTING

Knowledge of the fire barrier testing process is essential to

understanding the system’s installation requirements in the field.

The testing of a fire barrier requires it be placed in a fire-rated

assembly, and that it retains its integrity for the specified time—
usually from one hour to four hours. Fire barrier testing should be
certified through a reputable third-party certification agency, such as
Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

These photos show a floor fire test with the fire barrier installed in a
4 ½″ thick concrete slab. Thermocouples are strategically placed on
the concrete slab to measure surface temperatures during the test. In
this case, the photo on the top shows the thermocouples attached to
a metal plate that rests above the fire barrier.

Testing requirements mandate that the material attached to the fire

barrier (e.g., metal plate or stainless steel foil) during the rated test
must be part of the installation in the field.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 57 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

BLOCK FIRE BARRIER VS. DRAPE FIRE BARRIER

Depending on the manufacturer, different expansion joint cover systems may have a specific fire barrier assembly
designed to work with them and to accommodate different joint width ranges.

In most cases, 1″ to 4″ joint openings use a block fire barrier similar to the image on the left. A joint opening larger than 4″
requires a drape fire barrier, like the one shown on the right, which is capable of accommodating lateral shear movement.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 58 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

SELECTING A COVER │ Application Considerations

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 59 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

TYPE OF BUILDING & LOCATION

When selecting expansion joint cover systems, it is important to consider both their usage and location. For instance, will
the joint cover be located in a hidden area or in a highly visible area (such as a lobby), where aesthetics are more
important? Will the joint cover be exposed to heavy rolling loads or will it only be exposed to foot traffic? Is hygiene a
factor? Could the collection of dirt in the cover system create problems?

It is critical to select the appropriate cover type for the intended application—for instance, “heavy-duty” covers for heavier
rolling loads, flush gasketed covers for “hygienic” or healthcare applications, and covers designed for wet areas.

Generally, the floor cover is the element most affected by usage and application. It is recommended that the selection
process begin with the floor cover and progress from there. Consideration should also be given to the adjacent floor and
wall finishes. Most finishes can be integrated into the cover assembly for maximum harmony with the surrounding design
elements.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 60 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

PERFORMANCE OF EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEM

Understanding the performance of expansion joint cover systems is essential when selecting them for a building. If the
wrong cover is selected and does not perform to meet the building requirements, it could be costly to repair or replace
not only the cover, but the floor, the wall(s), and ceiling materials surrounding the cover system.

Durability
• Expansion joint cover systems that are all-metal are resilient and can withstand high traffic. Heavy-duty covers can
tolerate substantial weight from rolling loads like heavy carts and luggage that are found in buildings such as airports.
In high-security areas, some cover systems can be made tamper resistant by utilizing special fasteners, or by
choosing a system with no exposed fasteners.

Fire Rating
• Current building codes require fire barriers to limit the passing of heat and flame for two, three, and sometimes four
hours. Fire barriers can be used with most floor and wall joint cover systems. While a fire barrier is not always
specified or mandated on a job, it is critical to maintaining life safety in the event of a fire.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 61 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

PERFORMANCE OF EXPANSION JOINT COVER SYSTEM

Hygiene
• Cover systems that utilize a gasket are easy to clean and maintain, and are ideal for sterile environments like
hospitals. Most gasketed systems are also “no-bump,” which is crucial when transferring patients in hospital beds
from one area of a hospital to another.

Moisture
• Water penetration into a building leaves it susceptible to issues such as mold. A moisture barrier can be incorporated
into many standard cover systems to prevent water from getting inside the joint. A moisture barrier is typically used in
exterior joint systems; however, it may also be installed in interior joint systems where a floor is frequently mopped or
hosed down in areas such as restaurant kitchens or healthcare operating rooms.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 62 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXAMPLE APPLICATION: HOSPITAL

The nominal joint opening of the cover system selected for this hospital is 2″. The gasketed cover provides a “no-bump”
transition and is easy to clean.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 63 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXAMPLE APPLICATION: AIRPORT

This airport uses a cover system with a 2″ nominal joint and a durable cover, designed to accommodate heavy wheel
loads. All-metal (aluminum) cover systems are very durable and can withstand heavy wheel loads on a daily basis, and
can be made tamper resistant if extra security precautions need to be taken.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 64 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXAMPLE APPLICATION: AIRPORT

This school installed a tamper-resistant cover system with a 4″ nominal joint and a fire-rated joint opening, capable of
maintaining its integrity and function under daily, heavy foot traffic. The joint opening needed a block fire barrier in order
to maintain the life safety of the students inside the school. The fire barrier blocks flames from passing through joint
openings for at least two hours, if not more.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 65 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

EXAMPLE APPLICATION: AIRPORT

This corporate office building required a cover system with a vertical 4″ nominal joint on the exterior. A system made of
compressed foam with a factory-applied silicone face does not allow water to penetrate the expansion joint.

Please remember the exam password AIRPORT. You will be required to enter it in order to proceed with the online examination.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 66 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CASE STUDIES

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 67 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CASE STUDY │ CITY CREEK CENTER

Project: City Creek Center

Location: Salt Lake City, UT
Architects: ZGF Architects | Callison |
Hobbs+Black Architects | FFKR Architects
| SWA Group

City Creek Center covers two city blocks in

downtown Salt Lake City and includes
retail shopping, residential, and office
buildings, as well as parking garages.

The exterior joint covers protect buildings

from weather elements, especially
moisture penetration. These flexible seal
covers were custom-mitered for a uniform
look and color-matched to the façade for a
seamless appearance.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 68 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CASE STUDY │ ZUCKERBERG SAN FRANCISCO GENERAL

HOSPITAL & TRAUMA CENTER
Project: Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma
Center
Location: San Francisco, CA
Architect: Fong and Chan Architects
Design goals: Located on the San Andreas Fault line; California
Building Code mandates the strict seismic standards for new
construction to ensure the hospital remains operational should an
earthquake occur.

This hospital is one of the largest base-isolated hospitals

constructed in the U.S. Seismic moat covers surround this building
allowing it to glide 30″ in every direction during a seismic event.
The expansion joint cover system allows for infill of the surrounding
finishes for an aesthetically pleasing look. The moat covers in this
particular project also incorporate metal grating to allow for air to
pass through. A multi-axial corridor cover system seamlessly
connects the new hospital tower to the existing structure while the
exterior moat covers visually unite the landscape and sidewalk with
the structure.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 69 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CASE STUDY │ TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE EDUCATION &

RESEARCH CENTER
Project: Temple University Science
Education and Research Center
Location: Philadelphia, PA
Architects: Architectural Resources
Cambridge | USA Architects

This distinctive building project required

careful consideration of the location of the
expansion joint cover system. To protect the
low wall from possible pedestrian and
skateboard traffic and vandalism, a heavy-
duty stainless steel roof cover system was
used.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 70 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CASE STUDY │ CALIFORNIA MEMORIAL STADIUM

Project: California Memorial Stadium

Location: Berkeley, CA
Design Architect: HNTB & STUDIOS Architecture
Structural Engineer: Forell/Elsesser Engineers
General Contractor: Webcor Builders

A key concern in the redesign of this stadium was that it was built
over the Hayward Fault so accommodations had to be made for
potential seismic movement. Due to the location of the Fault, the
project required a series of angled joint covers that could
accommodate 12″ of expansion, compression, and lateral
movement, all while maintaining the safety of the stadium’s
occupants.

Also needing to be considered was the complexity caused by the

horizontal treads and vertical risers of the stadium bowl seating, and
that each individual cover needed to adapt to field variations due to
the tolerance of the precast seating sections. This meant that every
cover had to be uniquely designed to fit its individual tread and riser.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 71 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

RESOURCES

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 72 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

RESOURCES

ADA Home Page. U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), n.d., www.ADA.gov. Accessed May 2017.

“Guide to the ADA Standards, Chapter 3: Floor and Ground Surfaces.” United States Access Board, n.d.,
https://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/guide-to-the-ada-
standards/chapter-3-floor-and-ground-surfaces. Accessed May 2017.

Mirkhah, Azarang. “Lessons from the Past: MGM Grand Fire.” Firehouse. Southcomm, Inc., 18 November 2010,
http://www.firehouse.com/article/10465399/lessons-from-the-past-mgm-grand-fire. Accessed May, 2017.

U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). Guidance on the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. DOJ, 15 September
2010, http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/Guidance_2010ADAStandards.pdf. Accessed May 2017.

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 73 of 74 >

• About the Instructor • About the Sponsor • Ask an Expert

CONCLUSION

If you desire AIA/CES, state licensing or CE credits for another

organization, please click on the button to commence your online
examination. A score of 80% or better will allow you to print your Certificate
of Completion; you may also go to your AEC Daily Transcript to see your
completed courses and certificates.
©2017, 2018 Construction Specialties, Inc. The material contained in this course
For additional knowledge and post-seminar assistance, click on the Ask an was researched, assembled, and produced by Construction Specialties, Inc. and
Expert link above. remains its property. Questions or concerns about the content of this course
should be directed to the program instructor. This multimedia product is the
copyright of AEC Daily.
If you have colleagues that might benefit from this seminar, please let them
know. Feel free to revisit the AEC Daily website to download additional
programs from the Online Learning Center.
Questions?
MORE Ask an Expert – click here

Click Here to Take the Test

powered by Exit

©2017, 2018 ∙ Table of Contents < Slide 74 of 74 >