Learning chess

Step 5

---
- - - --

- - --
Rob Brunia, Cor van Wijg1erden
ISBN 90-77275-51-7

l 5t edition

Publisher: Van Wijgerden

Drawings: Rupert van der Linden

Information: www.stapperunethode.nl

E-mail: [email protected]

© Copyright 2005: Van Wijgerden

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
any other form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher.
 Workbook Step 5

--

Name: Date of birth:

-- ---- - -

Street: Place :

Club: Trainer:

1st step completed: 2nct step completed:

3rd step completed: 4th step completed :

Material and time

Evaluating a position in terms of material is easy. All you have to do is count: queen = 9 points, rook =
5 points, etc. Now that you have taken your chess skills to a higher level, you will find that this way of
evaluating positions is too simplistic. It is also important to take into account the dimension oftime-
not the time on your clock, but the time on the board.

Dt 'tlH t!f -*. l! I

Lead in development
In the position on the left,
R ~ !.~
.t..t..t..t.
11. '
ei' '''
ei
White has a temporal advan-
tage of three moves. White '''' ei

ii. /j ii.
has already developed both
his bishops and he has
already castled.
• /j
/j ii.

t lb lb lb .1t.. lb
Badly positioned pieces

I~
/j /j /j /j /j /j /j /j /j
On the right, Black requires
~ n@ I two moves to bring the ~ ~ J;I _ @__J
knight on a5 back into play.

.! .i.~ R~ White not only has a slight lead in development, but he can also
exploit the poor position of Black's knight. The knight cannot

''' '''
lei ' ii. /j
&
take part in the defence of the kingside. Many of White's pieces
are aimed at Black's king. The appropriate course of action is
therefore an attack on the king:
1. Qa4 (to the kingside with a gain of tempo) 1•.•. b6 l. Qh4 h6
3. Bxh6 gxh6 4. Qxh6 Nb7 (there is no much else) S. NgS NcS 6.
/j ~ lb Bh7+ Kh8 7. Bel+ Kg8 8. Re3 and 9. Rg3. White has a clear
/j /j /j /j advantage on the kingside. The black knight was unable to join
ll ~ ll @ the defences.

The following three positions have been taken from a game between Leo Kerkhoff and Eddie Scholl.
Kerkhoff cleverly exploits his lead in development while Scholl rather neglects to develop his pieces.
The first diagram arises after 1. e4 d6 l. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 g6 4. BgS c6 S. Bel Nbd7 6. Nf3 Qc7 7. Qdl
bS? (Black should have followed up with 7 .... Bg7).
The side with the temporal advantage should: • find concrete targets
• open up the position

.i. ~.i. R
~&I.I.
''
/j /j
., ~
'

lb lb
/j /j /j V/11 ii. /j /j /j
.Q'. @ ~

White opens up the position A bishop sacrifice that can- The position has been
to get at the uncastled king. not be accepted. White wins opened up and Black has not
This is well worth a pawn: 8. after 13 .... Qxf4 14. Qxf4 been able to develop his
eS dxeS 9. dxeS NxeS 10. Nxf4 15. Bxc6+ Bd7 16. pieces. The end is near. 16.
NxeS QxeS 11. 0-0-0 Be6 Rxd7. The game continued QxdS Qxf4+ 17. Kbl. Black
ll. Bf3 NdS 13. Bf4! 13• ••. Qf6 14. BxdS BxdS resigned. The position after
15. NxdS cxdS. 17... . f6 is hopeless.
2 Fifth step
Test Mix (4th step): A

.t.
!. .!
.t. .t.
.i.
~~ • .t. .t.
.! • .!
.t. .t.
~e
~ .t. .t. .t.
.! •
J..t.
't!H '
~
• 8
'
.t. 8 .
~
8 • 8 '
8 'J/il ~88
8 ~ CfJ 8
88 8~ 8 88 CfJ
@ ~ .tt @ CfJ~ @.tt ~ l::t

B. ~ .!. ~
.t. .t.
'1t
.t. .t.
•
8
' ~
•' .! 'J/il '
.i. .t. .t.
8 CfJ
8
.t.
.t.
CfJ
.t. ~
•
8
.t. ~
.i.
i. CfJ ~
'
8 ~
.!
@ 8
~@
8
8
8 ~ 888
~@

• ~ ~
.i.
.t. * .i. 'iV
' .t. 8
.t. .t.
CfJ
~
.t. .t.
~
CfJ CfJ ~
.!.
.t.
8 CfJ 8 8 .i 8
8 WI 'iV 88 8
8 8@ 8
@ .tt @

.t.
RR•
.t. .t.
»: R
•
.t. .t. .t.
• .t.
•
.t. .t. ~
8
.t. .t. 'l
~
.t. .t
.tt CfJ
*8
~ 8 8 ~ 'J/il 8 8 .!.
WI 8 8 8
~ 8 8@ 8 0J88 @
I:t -- II _@
~ -

3
Test Mix (4th step): B
~ .! ~ .! .!
··~ lD 1
~
&ill ft * *
'Sil

8· ~
@ 1
8
8 8 88 8it.
~ 'W/8
ll ~ 8 @
L ~ @

1 ~
'Sil
E~ K
11
1
~
.!
*1 •
11 .i. 8· ~ 1::1 ·~
8 8 8CU ~

888
WI
8
8
8
8 .t.I
@ ~ @~ 1

.i..! K ;it
• 1 1 1 1
1.i. 1 .t
1 ~ 1 tiJ l
8 8tiJ 1 88
8 88 88 8 tiJ •
~ ~8 88
t~ l::t @ ~ 'i+' a: @

.i.t!f ~
1
11
.!
·~ 1 ·~· ~ ~ *
.! .i.
'Sill
ii. ~
1 8·
.i.1
1 8 1
~ 8
~ 8 n ~ 8
8 88
@
-
8
• -~'
8 8
: _
8
@

4 F!fih step
Mate in two Getting the guard: A

~
• Xl
l A ltJ
.i. @1 8 l ..i. ~~ l
l 8
l ~ !. 8 8 8 ~

~
8 @ 8
~

• l
•
l
l ~ 8 A 8 ~
t:i. l
8 ttJ 8

t r
8
I J ~
@ *

!. • • E •
l*
E 9 ~ !. ll l
Al @l l lb ~ l @..t l 8
8 1 8 @ 8 ~ ~ 1 8
8 8
8 ..t 8 ~ ~ 8
~ : : ~

5
Mate Mate in three: A

.t.
~ ~
.t. ~
~x
.t. ~ WH ~ .t. @i
•
.t. x .t. ~
.t. lb .t. 8 8
8 8 8 ~ .t.
8 ~ 8 WH
8 8
@ ~ ~
~@

~ !. R @i ~
.t. ..t lb .t. .t. .t WH
.t. lb .t. WH .t. .i. .t. .t. 'fi'
.t. 8 x .t. 8 .t. 8 .t. .t.
8 ~ ..t !. !. 8 ~
~ :~ lb
88 WH 8 88 8 :
1:1@ @ ~

~----~

~R •
.t. .t. !.
..t ~
8
.t. WH 8

6 F(lih step
Mate Mate in the ending: A

~ X E
E~ llJ i
llJ K ~
lZJ i ~ i
@ @ ~
~
:~ i

x .i.
ii *~ ~llJ &
Ki• ~
i
i
~
*i
~ ~
~~ ~ ~
~
~ @llJ @~
~ ~

7
Pawn ending Breakthrough: A

8 Fi/iii step
Pawn ending Key squares: A

9
Test Mix : C
n • i. • lil i.
·~
@i
i.
x
I.
I.
i.
·~
·~ I. •
8 8 ~ 8
8 lil 88 8~ ~ 8 8
8@ 8~8 8~8 ~ I:t @
n@ J:t

.! ~
~ .i. I. *
~·
8
8 8 8
8~8 i. 88 n 8 llJ~ 8 8~8 ~
l:t 1:1@ @ @ l::t

I. I.
.i
.i. lil
i.
ii
~ i.
· /ill.
·~
I. • I.
•
~ II
i. I. 1. 8~ ~
1. 8 8 i llJ ~
8 8 8l2J 8 .i.. 8 l2J
~8 l2JltJ~8 ~ 8 888 888
~ ~@ ~ ~ @ l:t ~~ rt

n i. ~ i.~
~ i.i.. Jti.i..iii
.i. I.
I.
'' * I. I.
1.1. 8 ~
lil 8 l2J ~
8l2J8 8~8 ~
i. 8 8 88 l2J 88~ 8
~ @ n ~@ @

10 Fi/ih step
The use of pawns

Pawns are important. They have a number of different functions:

I. I.
I

Protecting the castled king. Defending pieces, by cover- Controlling squares, and
ing them (Nf6, Nc3) and thereby restricting the mobi-
shielding them off (Bd6). lity of enemy p meces.

.l .l .l .l .l
l In both diagrams the pawns
form a formation. We refer to , , .l .l .l .l
this formation as the pawn
structure. .l
The pawn structure has not .l ~
yet been fully determined. On
.l 8 8
the left, only the pawns on e4
and e5 are fixed. 8
On the right, the structure is 88 88
almost completely fixed.
L

In those positions where

pawns can capture each other
.l .l .l .l .l .l there is tension.
.l .l .l .l .l
.l On the left, the pawns on d4 .l
and e5 are attacking each
other; hence, there is tension
in the centre. At right, there is
tension in the cluster of
pawns on c4, d4, c5 and d5.
It is usually advantageous to
maintain the tension.

Demolishing the structure of

your opponent can give you
the advantage .
On the left, Black demolishes
.t'
.l .l 1.1 ' ' ' the white structure with 1. .•.
b4. This move leaves White
8 88 with a weak doubled b-pawn.
On the other side White plays
the strong 1. f5. On the right,
1. f6 demolishes the castled
king's protective pawn shield.
 I .<J I : . I.. 'I . <J Sla'll:: . . L I '• <J ll] _J . . I ' ~
-,-c
_., I •
~
- -ti ..I -£D r- -
......... I .1 . ! lil'IJ ,! I I
·· ·1-~- .. 1
- ·1 -, <J .. -1-.-, <J [ • <J $
rr- - -of -,-
! -
~ - I ' J T -- -r Gl - r.. ;L ~ Gl <J ~ - '.. -I ' <J .._
_L..__ 1~1
<-----"
t; ! <J - ii -- • <J -£D iP
:J I t - ~ --L-
~ - I • ,_ Gl .~ .. <J -Bo~ .. @to ·~' L_ ~ -Bo
~ ]~ - -' ~ <J •- ~ ~ _..... L_1 L -of • ~ <J II 1- <J <J
~ ._J _BJ ~.. J _1--U r:-J <J ri ...
~ I .. 11 <J ;- - t ! -I f . ~~,' I I ~ <J ll]
<J ~I _L <J r -Cll ..~ l <J
• -ti ~ 1_~_ <J
~ ii ~ -G ~-Bo
<J
<J -Bo
ii..
.. •
_,
Ii
I <J -Bo
<J llJ .. L ~ I'

<J
ll] =J.~ ...
~
, !
I

<J
<J
-Bo
e
<J

<J
<J
<J

l:lD
-
ll]

.ii ~
.ii .
L-
~-, ..
~

I .
.;.'=1
-oil

,_..
1

r
<J
<J

@to
<J ~
<J
lll

lllll ~ [
• ..1
~-1;tr- I
~~l
-i ..-r~-1 '-

<J <J
<J
<J
•

~
~ <J
<J ll]

l.
-~
L
_J1l~r
~
~
~ .. <J
L.
... <J

~
Gl
<J
<J

~
<J t_~~ llD f~J _ • ~ : __ r-_I__ __ <J l:lD
_-
-tl -: ..T<J Gl
<J c
I
'
,-_ ..l
- -~L_ [J_ <J l:ll
_j . . L<J I ~ ..,
.. •
.
_:_ -
~ <J
<J .
c:
-col .. <J
•
J_ -Bo
Gl
f'
~----r
L+ L i ,--
I -- !l-il ~
'
L__
-: . . !·
<J -at -£DI
Gl ~
-B. ~Le_ L-' ..i[ <J l ~L_r· lllll <J Gl -Bo -- l_- _;tr _· --, <J
1
·2 -, Ci ..II <J -, .. -oit l__.J <J -- .. -GLtt I <J
~ tfJJ -~11 <J ll] ! ~ .. :-i r . I• .. . - <J _!!! ~
Test Mix: D
E ~ ~x E ~ ~
·~•.t ~ I. I. I.
I.I. .t I.
~·
I. [j
8 I. .t.
8/£J8 8 8 I. :
~ ~8 ~ 8 ~
888 8 8 888
~~
E
@ Il - ~ @

I.
!. .t. 9
I. I.
• •
~ 'S\ ~ I.
ie I. Il 8
I.
8 ·8 ~
@ 8 llJ 888
@

• K
I.I.
.t~
~~
llJ
~
•
I.I.I.
~ 1. llJ I. I. j.
1. 8 I.
8 llJ ~
·~ ~

~ 8
8 ~~ 888 888 8 888
~ - l::t n : @ l::t t ll@

• E
I.
.t.<0i
.t.I.
E

j. ~
8 lb
I. ~
~--~-

8 ~~ 'Wi888
Il @ _J

13
w ,.... hf ~ <J tm!\ ... ~ I -, <J . -tl-... -@ID !):I] <J . ... I ~: • <J I ~
-tJ -aol ... ~ - ~ ~-, <J ..go ii> ~[ ~ <J ~ ~
><
~ ill.'ft ... ·1 -- r
<J
<J
..go
- . ... r - I Gl <J
•
-OJI r... ---+ I
!n:li <J ..go
<J llll) I I Gl <J ..go
• -:~~ I I <J ~ ii ..I[ <J GJ ltll ~ --~~ GJ T L__ I - ~L_
- lli
... <J . ~ -out -ol1 [__ __,_ @ID _ . . . . <J J__ _ -GDI ... --r -at Gl @ID
J -,-,--
I _

~ GJ ... _ll!J.. . [~- r-~

_c lti _ ~ ... , I - _l ~ <J

~
-,
11
<J
lll
... . __ ~ ~~
r-. T I
<J ~
<J
~.-. 1.;tt
~
<J <J
' <J
~J ... •---r
lllll r:;i I <J
<J !):I]
'----'----

•
j I
I
I i l <J
~ ..go
llllli, ...
-~
''°" _L -.-1
LJ i
11---i
<J lll
<J
•~
-tJ ... , --
L

_lll111 '
<J
<J ..go I ..•
~,...-,L
... '
<J -GDI ..go

t
ii> <J ..go
... ~ jrlL-
I_ •
il ~ ... Gl [ • :---m L !111 ~
Gl
-aol -at ~
!:ll

~. I·---' IL lQ <J ~ ~ <J

1
...-,l <J r
---. r<J • l J:lJ

'-'----'----'-----'-----'-
~ <J t - I• ...-r ~... . -I
<J
- - - - - ' - - " - -- - ' - - -__J
I I_;J.t(~11L ~ <J I

<J ll!
j 1~1 ~
~
.. <J ~
<J

. -Oil '
@ID <J
I

_!_ _
<J ..go
1__
. µ ...
ii ...__e_.l_L
lWJ] I

<J
:

..go
.-t>.. ... _l J
r-}--,
<J
<J ..go
I ·------
r.ti ... l
~--
· ~
I

@ID
I

-t-
I <J
<J ..go
I

ilJ ~ <J J Lt ~ 0 I ' _1)1;'8 ... • ~ Gl <J llJ !:Ill' L -01f Gl J:lJ
lb:(] _ II C- __L 1 .... <J ~ !):I] ~ ... <J _,___ ~ - _J -at
_r-f ~ -,
L_

~... :·1~ \Jt__ CJ ~ ~ ,4f,~: (tl ~ : i= CJ T :1

t> 1- ,.... <J _ .... ~ [ <J ... II _ _ ... _L <J
r-t r
_J ;---J

t!. ~ <J L, - T.... . -1 , <J • ...1 <J !):I] r... ·. r r 1. <J _!:l!i ::!:
Pawn race

The march of passed pawns towards their promotion squares can be likened to a race. A lot of things can
happen during such a race.

_J
The race in this diagram is not Both pawns require a further Reaching the fini sh line at the
very exciting. The white pawn three moves. But note that same time does not always
queens; the black pawn gets White will queen with check lead to a draw. Here White
no further than the 3rd rank: 1. on b8: 1. b6 g3 2. b7 g2 3. has a winning X-ray check: 1.
b6 g4 2. b7 g3 3. b8Q. b8D+. h7 b2 2. h8Q b IQ 3. Dh7+.

Another tie. This time there is A one-sided race. White's White is ahead, but the black
no X-ray check. Rather, Black pawn simply marches on, but king is inside the square of the
is mated: 1. e7 f2 2. e8D f1 Q Black's pawn can be stopped. pawn. White can shield off
3. Qa4 mate. Black's king is outside the the king and win: 1. KbS
square of the pawn: 1. g6 d3 Kd6 2. Kb6 Kd7 3. a6 Kc8
2. Kf3 and White wins. 4. a7.

White must be careful. After Racing with I . ... e5 is bad. The white pawn is doomed
I. Kb6 Black queens with White will pick up the new while the black pawn is free
check. White must assist the queen with Qf8+ and Qe8+. to go. All the same, White can
pawn by 1. Ka6 g2 2. c7 Kd7 Black should go after the a- draw with 1. Kf7 (threatening
3.Kb7. pawn with 1•... Ke7. 2. e6) 1. ... Kxe5 2. Kg6.

15
Pawn ending Pawn ·race: A

16 Fifth step
Pawn ending Pawn race: B

17
Strategy Seventh rank: A

'' AS\i

~ 8 l::[ 8
8 lbil.8 8 8 8 8 il.. 88
8
• 88@
~
8 88
et;
88
~ l::t
8@

~ A
~ • •
.t. '
lb
'
8 8 8 8
88 8 8
~ et;

18 Fifth step
Eliminating the defence Luring away + mate: A
K
~~
• * i.
... ... • .!
K
...
@ •
...
~ ...
~
'
~ 8 ~
8 ....
8 ~
88 8 81 88 8~8 8 t:D8 W!i
@ kl ~ @ kl ~ @

... ... ... ... •

l! .t • .t.! ~ .!
..t.. ... ...
... ~ ... ... jL
... tjj ~ • t:D 8
8* 8 'SI 8
tjj ~
88 K 8@ 88~ 888 88 ~ 88
~ @ l:t ~ ~ ~ l:t

I. '1f ~ .!@ K
~ tjj ... ... ... ...... .t ...
& 8 ... ...
~ tjj
~ 8 ~ 8
8 8 8
8 8~ 88 888 88
.rl @ @ @: n

~ .! .!
•
... ... • ...
.! .!
... ... •
9

.
...
~
.t
... · ...
8 ~ 8
8
~

8 ...
...
t:D 'il
81i 8 •
...
8
•
8
... ... ~
~
~

8 8 ~ @ 8 l:t 888
J:t @ I %:I tjj %:I kt @

19
Discovered attack

A double attack can be set up with the help of five different types of preparatory move:
• luring • eliminating the defender • aiming
• chasing • clea ring
The same types of preparatory move can be used to prepare a discovered attack. As you will probably
recall, a discovered attack requires the presence of a battery. In some positions, the battery may not yet
be effective or must first be set up. This is where the preparatory move comes in.

.i..~
.l .l .l ~ .l
K .l ~ .l
~
ttJ
8 !J 8
!J'Wi 8
@ l:f.
This position does not contain The battery Rd l/Bd3 is in The battery on the d-file does
a battery yet. White sets up a place. It is as yet ineffective, not yet work, since the rook is
lethal battery with 1. Qf2+. since I. Bxg6 Qxg6 does not obstructed by two of White's
The target piece (the queen give White anything. White pieces. White needs to play
on d4) is already in place. It must therefore chase away the two clearing moves. The best
does not matter how Black knight on g6 with 1. h5. The method is 1. Bxb 7 Bxb7 2.
gets out of check. On the next knight is lost. If it moves Nf5+, winning the queen.
move White gives check with away, White will unleash the
the rook and then picks up the battery with 2. Bh7+. Preparatory move: clea ring
queen. Preparatory move:
Preparatory move: aiming eliminating the defence

The battery on the c-file lacks The battery Bb3/Nc4 lacks an This position concludes our
an attacking target. White can attacking target. The front overview of preparatory
lure the queen into the rook's piece (the knight) can give moves. The back piece (Bb3)
range with 1. Nc7, the point check. What is needed is a and the front piece (Rc4) are
being that 1. ...Q xc7 is met by target for the back piece. We both ready. The back piece
2. Bf8+. If Black does not can find one by chasing the has an obvious target (Qf7).
take the knight, then White rook to g8; White wins the But what about the target of
will win the exchange. exchange after 1. Bg7 Rg8 2. the rook? Is it the king? No.
Preparatory move: luring Nd6+. Material? No. A square? Yes!
Preparatory move: chasing It is mate after 1. Rh4 Qe7 2.
Rxh7+ Kxh7 3. Q h4#.

20 Fifth step
Discovered attack Preparatory move: A

~
.l .l
* •
J;;t •
.l 8fjj .l
.!
n 8
8
@

j_~
.l .l
• !:
.l ~
~.i. !.
.l .l .l .l fjj
.t.~
.i. K
•
.l .l 'SI ~ .l .l .l .l ~ .l
.l lb 8 'li
& 8 fjj i. i.
8 8 lb fjj 8
88 88 888 888 888 8
: ii,, @ l:t ~ @ @ l:I

K&.i.
.l .l .l
!: .i.
~
.!~
.l .l .l
.!
.l .l
!.9
.l .l .l
•
.i. .l .l & .l fjj &~
~ ~ .l lb La\ 8
8 1l lb
lb lb 8 8 8fjj 8 88 ~8 8
88 88 ~ 88 @8
: fjj @ l:t ~ ~ @ ~ l:t

x
.l .l
&~
.l .l .l .l
!.~ !.
.l .l
• !. .i.
.l .l
!.
.l ~ .l
•
8 ~.i. ~ .l
.l lb .l j.

8
8
fjj
fjj .i. ~
8 •
lb
it.. 88 88 88 8 8fjj~888
l:t @ @ ~ ~ l:t @

21
 d,J/ ,\' 11{/i.:J zz

<+> l:r lI i' T-~ 'W l:I l;I

'V'V'V~ 'V 'V 'V <+> u I 'V <+> 'V 'V
'V 'V 'V 'V ~ 'V
!-, --
r

'W \ I
~ ~ 'V
I
\?t 'V T i' 'V
y :y 1yTK!f. '
--,.- - -
1T
.-. -
I

'
- I-

' l' I I'' '

~i'
·-
<i
I
......... -

•
• 'Mr. l i
I
• TMr.
i' i' '''
<+> l:r l:r <+>~re~ t! <+> ~ tr
~ C!J ~ 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'W 'V 'V 'V 'V
'V 'V
'V
'
'V \?(
,, '-

Mr.
'V

:- ,- 'V '
\?(
~
\?(
L
, , ~
'V
I r
L_
TY i -
'V \?(

T.TT •
'W ' .
' • ' ' • ' 1y : ,' I; -' '

'
T~ I'' '
' T• • ' i' K 'i
•~T
i' • i' i'

i
<+> l;I I ?l <+> - <+> ~ re
'V 'V 'V 'V 'W 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V
'V ~qr 'W Mr. 'V 'V I ~ 'V \?( ~ 'V
'V 'V 'V \?t T
- --·-. ,- - I
I
~
TT • 'V T
•x • '
''' !'
'V '
- ~ -

''• T l:i' i' ~ ' ' '' '"'TT~i: Mr. i'

<+> lI lI <+>~ i re <+> ~ Ii

'W 'W 'V 'V ~ 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V
'V \?(
'V 'V 'V ,. ~
'V
'V 'V 'V
\?( 'V
~'W
'V 'V Mr.
~\?(

,., T \?7 '1 ,., ;' ' ,, '

I

TTT ' T TT " '

-- - - - -

' " ,, ' '-

-

- -

., • • ' 'ihi~
I I i' Mr. T i' ' '
i' ' ~
T
I
i'

a :a/\OW AJoieJedaJd >1:>ene paJaAo:>s1a

Double attack Discovered attack: A
:I .I t!t kl .t~ • @> .! Ail .!

' 'YWi
' ''' ' ~
'YW
i i i. .t. '~
l::i
ttJ
'
l::i ..t ' ' l::i l::i ' l::i
' l::i '
~ l::i ~ l::i B ttJ l::i .t l::i ~
l::i l::i l::i ~ l::i l::i ttJ ~ l::i l::i
ll@ ~ @ ~ :I @

.tX i.~ x 'YW ~ R H9

.t
'''~ .t. .t' '
~
' '' '
•' ' ' ' ' '
.! it..
'' ~ l::i' ~ '
ttJ 'YW ttJ
l::i l::i l::i l::i ~
l::i ~ l::i l::i l::i l::i
l::i l::i 'JJjj l::i l::i l::i l::i ~ l::i @ l::i l::i
Ii~@ kl t( ~ @

R
•• E

''
.t .i • 't!f 9 •
ii~ tt:J i '' ' '
'tWi '
@

l::i l::i
l::i

~
l::i

ttJ ~ l::i
' l::i

\W ..t
l::i
.!
'YW
l:t £::. l::i l::i l::i £::. l::i l::i ttJ
@ ~ ~ l:t@

23
Double attack Discovered attack: B
K •'ilE _ ~ .I !. ttf
ii ..t i ii~ ii i i -*.iii

8 ~
i
~
CiJ~8
i
~ i
i

888
. 8
8
i
8
1l
.t

~
88
i

8
~ 8
'¥!¥

8
• !:f.
CiJ
CiJ 8 8
x

1l ld@ ~ @ ~ ~ @

!. ~ II E.~ • !. ~ ~
ii 8 i ~ iii i ~·iii
i i l:I &i 'i!H i i
'ii i l:iJ i t::i iL
~ 8
8 • CiJ
i
8 8
ll i
lb
~

8 ~ 88 88 ~88 888
.t:t @ l:t @ 1:1 @

i
'V!!I
i
;!t • !.
i ~ i
!.
ii
• ~ x
i
.i.K
..t iii •
~
• i
•
i ..t i
i&

88 i 8 ~
8 8 8 8 8 CiJ~ 8
8 ll @ 88 CiJ~8 ~ 8 iJ.. fii8 8
K @~ l:t ~ !l@

!. ~ • ~ i: 'i!H x ~
i~ ii i 'ii !. i i i ii
i ~ i
i ~ i ~
i
1l i ~·
1l~ .i. 8 8 8 i
8 88 8 ~ 8 'tW lb 8
'ii 88 8 88 8~!. ~@
1l @ @ J:t n

24 Fifth step
Pin Preparatory move: A
g :! t!t .! ~

··~i A ''' ~
liJ
'''
.i..
88 '
8li:J'VJ!i8 'IJi/i 8 i.
8 8 'Yl!I
.tI
8 888 88 88
_A_ l:t@ J l 'J ~ ~ J

' ' Wi
i 8
•
' ' '...,________,._
'
8
,. ~' j_ '
' I.

8' I:
8 X8
8
' .tI

@
8
8 'Yl!/
l~!_ w~: :
., '&.t. '
.! .!
ll i.i.i
~ •
'Yl!I
8 i
'IJi/i
liJ 'IJi/i
~
.i.
8
'
~ 8 W!/ 8 liJ 8
88 8 8~
~ @ @ ll ~

•
r-A
' ~
·~
i&i'Yl!/
.!
·~
8
~ ~
.t ~ 8
8 i ' li:J8 8
liJ l:t i
8
' 8'
8 8 8
8Ji. 8'1Ji/ili:J88~8
L 8 8
~ .a: @ ll ~'IJi/i- @

25
m.. <J <J
•ila:ll: ... l J L,___,_ <i !):lJ
• ..... J__J ,... -BD • ... , <JQ ~
~
•
CD Q -BD <JQ ..,~ L' <J GJ i> ... L <J
..i;:
~
>
0 ~ ~ !l:l) <J ~
-oatl...
._.::::!J <J ~ ~ ~ ... r . <J
E ~ Q -€ni Jill] ~ L <J !}:t] ~ T <J
~ <J -oof -i ... f ~
0
-Gii GJ <J -ei. t~'--'~;,.. <J -i~ L !}::l]l
!m
I
<J <J ... I , <J
CL <J <J !}:lJ ... I <J
!
A.
r• ... l· -----~
ill ...
... ~
...
ila:ll ila:ll
...
' <J
-et
l:1J
<J

<J
<J
-BD , !!IQ
. , ...
... ...
Q
<J

1:11 <J
-~ -oat
-It ... <J
<J
~-BD
~

... LJ Li <i I
-11 ..
• ... •
.~
-oil......
<J 1
<J ~

[ <J -BD
!}:I]
~ '
-oil <J I ~ ~-oat
<J ~ ~
... <J~
~
I-oat ...• , Q
~Q<J

~
... <J -BD !):l) <J
<J illll ! 1... <J 11111 ~
_L _ J . - - - . . . 1.. <J -BD
•
lii 1
<J Q <J -BD <J -cul ii .... <J -BD
<J . . . . <J ~
lll ...
~ tllll <J
l:1J ~
c
ii ~ Q<J
<J ... ...
-~~r..
...; l <J <J~
l:1J
A: I i ,... <J 3ll'.ll ~ ... ! <J -BD <J ~
Test Mix: F

• !. 'SI~
.i.
'SI
@>
x ~ •
~
•~ · •~ · • • l:t

~
~·
•.i. [::,
~ ~ ~ tjj
~~ ~~ i. 'lW @
l:t @

.!.
K ~ *• • .!. 4
• *• •
~
•• • ~
'iW. 'iW
· 4'
~ .i.•
~ · ~tjj~ ~
@ ~ ~ 1::t. ~
~ ~~~ ~ ~'li' ~~ ~
~ ~ @ ~ @

27
Test Mix: G
.I @I
111
• 1.i.
!.
~
.I
1
~
1
• .!
~ ~
9
1
! ~ 1 .i. 1 il ~
~ 8VJH 1
8
8 ' .t
• 1 8
8 .i.

WI llJ llJ88 8 8
n8 ~ 88~ 8 8
~@ ~ ~@ ~ @

j_ !. I. l.t! JI • .t.
1~ .t. ~~ 1
1 1 1 11 .tl 1
1 1 8 8 1
8 8 8 8 i..8 8llJ 8
~ 8 ~ ~ 8 llJ 8
~ ~
l~ 8
@ 8 88 8 8
J:. WI It@ WI It@

!.
1.i. 11*1 • .I 'ii'

1 11
8 1
8 1 8 8 8 ~ llJ
~ llJ 8.Yl.8 ~8
8 888 8 WI 8 8 8 8.i.8
~ I1 @ ~ @ I1 I:[ l:l@

.!
1 1
~
1
R
1
K 9
.I 'i!¥
•
1;!f 8 1 ~ 1 1 1 .t. 'll.i.
1 8 1 l!:i 1 WI
8 .t WI 88
8 8 llJ~ llJ8 1
8 88 l!t
~ l:t@ _J VJH ~ CJ
28 Fi/iii step
Rook against pawn

The struggle between rook and pawn is tense if the king of the side with the rook is not too close by. If
the following principles are correctly applied, this type of ending can be played correctly.

The win is easy ifthe king of the

side with the rook is inside the
square of the pawn and can
approach it unhindered. On the
left, White picks up the pawn
after 1. Kc3 e3 2. Kd3.
The side with the pawn has an
easy draw if the enemy king is too
far away. At right, Black draws
after 1. Kb6 e2 2. KcS Kf2.

Strategy for the rook side:

The king must approach the pawn
from the side opposite to the ene-
my king. Thus, on the left White
plays 1. Kc6 c3 2. KbS Kd3 3.
Kb4 c2 4. Kb3. On the right, the
king is unable to approach, so the
rook side must drive away the
enemy king: 1. Ra2+ KO 2.Ra8
e3 3.Rf8+ Ke2 4. Kg2 Not 1.
Ra8 e3 2. Rf8+ Kgl. Kgl.

The king is on the right side, but

approaching the pawn directly
does not work: 1. Kf7 e4 2. Kf6
e3 3. Kf5 e2 4. Kf4 Kd3 5. Kf3
Kd2. The rook is misplaced.
Correct is 1. Rdl+ Kc3 2. Rei
Kd4 3. Kti and White is in time.
The diagram on the right shows
that cutting off the enemy king
on the 51h rank or higher is always
winning: 1. RfS d3 2. RO.

Strategy for the pawn side:

Shielding off and advancing the
pawn is all the pawn side can do.
The former is usually better than
the latter. On the left, Black
draws with 1. ... Kf4. He is lost
after 1.... Kf2 2. Ke4 g3 3. Ra2+.
On the right, 1.... d3 loses. The
right method is 1. ... Kd3 2. KbS
Kc3 3. Rc8+ Kb3 4. Rd8 Kc3.

29
Endgame Rook against pawn: A

• •

30 F!/ih step
Endgame Rook against pawn: B

31
Strong square

A square is strong if: •it cannot be controlled by one of the opponent's pawns;
•it is, or can be, occupied by one of your own pieces.
Strong squares are significant only if they are on or close to the part of the board where the action
takes place. The battle for strong squares includes the following elements:
Creating a strong square !.
With l . c4 White gains control ___J'-"=-'~-'""'-'-_,___

of the square d5. This square

cannot be controlled by any of
the black pawns.

On the right, White can create a

strong square on d5 by taking
on d6. The c7-pawn can then
no longer control d5.

The route to a strong square i.

On the left Nd7 is better off on
the strong square d4. This can
be achieved with Nb8-c6-d4 or,
even better, with gain of tem-
po: Nd7-c5-e6. £::,
White is down an exchange but
£::, t:fj
has compensation in the form

~----!-'-~~~__.
of a strong square on c4. He
can reach c4 by 1. Nd2. Note
the function of the pawn on a5.

Eliminating the defender

On the left White cannot
occupy d5, since it is pro-
tected by the c6-pawn. White
can exchange this pawn with
1. bS, securing d5.

On the right, Black can elimi-

nate the defender of d4 by 1.
... Bg4 and 2. .. . Bxf3.

Denying your opponent a

.i•
.
strong square
On the left, Black threatens to
.t. .t. .i. .t. .t. .t.
occupy a strong square w ith 1. ~ .t. .t.
... Nd7 and 2 .... Nc5. Hence, ~
White must play 1. Bh3. t:fj £::,
On the right, White threatens
to play his knight to d5. Black t:fj~~
can prevent this with 1. ... a6
2. Bxc6 (otherwise 2 .... b5).
Black conquers d5.

32 Fifth step
Strategy Strong square: A

!. .i ~ f!t • .! .i.~ .I !.~ ~

' ' i.i. ''' ' '8 i i'if

'-*-'
'
8
'8 i 8' 8.Yl. '
(jj
8(jj 8 8 (jj 8 8
88 8 ii. 8 8 ..t 8 8 'VJlj 88
~ : @ il!i nn @

.!~ 'if .I .I .i. '1f

~
i.i.
'ii'
' ' '''
8 ' '
8 8'
8(jj 'VJlj 8 8(jj 8
8 8~8 8 ~ 8~8
£t l:t @ ~ l:t@

----
!. .! ~ • B. .I ~ .! .I ~ •
'' ' '' ' .i.~

''
'ii'
.i.i .i.'
~ ' '
i 8..t ·~ ' -*-''' ~
i 81;.,
'8..t
8 '8
8 ~ (jj
8
'VJlj
' (jj
8

88 88 8 8 8 88 888'VJ/i 88
~ (jj : @ nn @ ~~ @

~ • .i.
!. !. .i. .!.
~~ t!t

' ' ' il' ~~· '8: ' .i.

~
i 8'
8
.I
8
(jj 8 'VJlj
' '
.it i 8
8 (jj
88 'VJii88@ ii. 88
~ ~ It @

33
Eliminating the defence Luring away + mate: B
!. .I

• .t.i
•
l:t
,.
~ 888
8
8 ~
'
8 ~~
888 88 88 Wl/ 88 ~
l:t lb~ ~ @ l:t @ l:t @

~
WlJ !. .t. WlJ
.i..
~ !. • l! @

' ' ~
'' ~ '' '''
.t.

8
@
8
8
~
' 888 ' 8 Wl/
·~ ~ 8
~ 8
~
~
888
~8
8
~lb @lbl:!: ~ !:[ @

!. • ~ .i..~i
i. • l! ttl

' '
i 8
~ ''
lb

Il.
~
' .i.. Jd
'@88
8
' lb
I:[ 8 .t ~ 8· 'Y}jj
888 ~ 88 l. @~8
@ WlJ -- J;I

34 Fi/ill step
Test Mix: H
E .!. ~ • *• E .i.
'iW
.!

~ 8 ~
'
''' 'WJ
' ''
'
i 8 ~ 8'iY.1l.
8 8 t'iJ 8
~
' ei 8
llJ
t'iJ
88 8 ~ 8 E 8888'J/J/888
~ kt@ : @ ~ 1l ~@

--
tt .! .! ..t E ~
~ ~ ~

' E
'' ' 8
'
'8 ~8
.1i.
'
..t' ' '
t!J
' 88
~ t!J
8
8 : 8
~
8 @ 'W/ 888 'iY 8 8
.i. x ~ @ @

K
i l:t ..t • .! • .!~ .i.ii
a:

' ' ' ' '

t'iJ ' 'iW' .1i. 8
''
8il ~ 8
..t 8 @
~ 888
l:t~@
'8 @
8 8 8
J!t

35
Defending

The following 9 positions contain examples of various defensive strategies. These include defending
against mate, the loss of material and pawn promotion. We recommend that you study them well!

White threatens mate on g7. White threatens mate on e8. Black survives with the help
Black cannot protect g7, but Black can protect e8 by of a pin and an in-between
he can save himself with a means of a double attack: 1. move: 1••.. Qf7 2. Rxf7
counter pin: 1. ... Df4 2. ..• Rh4+ 2. Kg3 Rh8. Rxdl+.
Dxf4 Bxe5.

Black can escape the X-ray Sadly, I .... Kf8 2. Rxe7 Dxe7 Black's gamble 1. .•. e2 (I. ...
attack with a gain of tempo: 3. Dxc8+ fails. The double Bf6!) paid off; after 2. fxe7
1•..• Rc4 2. Rxc4 Rd8+ (a attack can be avoided by Bd4+ White resigned. White
check in-between) 3. bxc4. trapping the rook: 1. ..• Qf7 could have won with 3. Ne3!
The rook is safe. 2. Rxe7 Qxe6+ 3. Rxe6 Kf7. (X-ray protection of fl)

Black counterattacks. Is there The c-pawn cannot be won The knight can cover fl with
a better move than 1. Qd2? without losing material, but a gain of tempo: 1. Ka3! b5
There is! 1. Qxh7+ Kxh7 2. the new queen can. After 1. 2. b4+ Kb6 3. Nd5+ Kc6 4.
Rxd4, and 2 ...• Nc2 is met Ba3 cl Q 2. Rxb2 White wins Ne3 winning. The passed
by 3. Be4+. White remains with a discovered attack. pawn is stopped with the
an exchange up. help of a double attack.
36 Fifth step
Defending Defending against mate: A
~ • x~
.t.
•
~
6\
·~ ' ~ '
l2J
8
..t 8 ~
~ @ 8
8
' 8
8 8

~
~ ll~ ~
8 8
J
.!.
l:t ~
@ ~
~ '
- -
~
•* • ~
.i.
~XE@ •
~
8
''..t
All :
' 1'
~
'' ''
8 ~ 6\
l2J i.
~ ~ ll 8 8 8~ ~
l2J @ ~ @ @ ll ll

~ 'Slt!f • 9 •
'
~ '
i 8 i
8 ~
'''
~

~
~ @
•
8
8
~
~

~
~
~
11 @

-
n
..t ·~
ii
• ~
--,----

~
~

~ • *6\ ' •
' ..t ' l2J l::t
6\
~

ltJ~
8 8
8 8@ @
ltJ@

37
Defending Defending against a passed pawn: A

@
ttJ
ttt @8

8 '
8

' .t l:[

.t
t1f
• @

' ~
l:t
8
i8
@ l± l:I

t!f
'ttJ@ ii.

' %:!
ltJ ~
8 8
tt ii.
' '

38 Fi/ih step
6£

Cf>- ?:r ~ : 11 Cf> tt

'V 7$ \!) 'V 'V 'V 'V 'V vv 1
rl v
'V 'V ' 'V \!) Cf> 'V ~
\!)~ 'V ~ 'V \!) 'V
y
T '1 T
'l':'
• -rT K
"~
K
, •
,__~~~---------~

: Cf> - . ' : - _L ___ Cf> ' ];[

Cf> ~ 'V ~ 'V ~ 'V
'V ~ -
'V 'V \!) 'V -k
'V ~ \!)
'V ---
'V
~'--J.___1..- ·~ ' . I 'V 'V

T •T 1'!rq;: =-l ..............,._

IT"
·~--!-.--

' ' 1

' ' -11GIl '

• K - fTl .
_j L h!i ' '
K•
, _

~ Cf> l::r tr- , T Cf>----;

'V 'V 'V 'V I v 'V 'V 'V
' )j 'V \!)
'V
~ ~ ' I T 'V T

• ' ,. ' •
' l'
i'
T ~
,,•- '·1Lx .h!i -r "

T x
T
T

V :sieaJ4i isu1e6e 6u1pua1aa 6u1pua1aa

Eliminating the defence Mix: A

• 1:1 .t~
!\~
i
.i. .tt!f i 8 8
lb i i l:t
8 8
lb ~ ~~
8 ~ 8 888 8
I ~ @ : @ ~

x ~ ~ ~
i ~ ~ ii i i
i lb i j_ i .t i
~ lb i 8 R
8 i ~ 8 ~ 8 ~
8 8 't!H 8 ~ lb 8 8
88 8 8 8 ~ 8 R
n @ %1 @ l:t @

.! !.~ .t. .I.! 9

i~ .i. ii i i i
i i 't!H i i't!H ~ i't!H
8 i ii
88 i 8
n 8 8 .t 'tW lb8
~ ~ 88 8 lb 888 88
il !!@ ~ ~ @ ~~

• ~ • !. ~ 't!H 6

~i 8 1..
~ii
i
• i
i
8
~
lb X 8 j_ 8 lb
8 @8~ 8 8 8 i ~ ~
8'Wi 8 8 ~ 8
@ ~ nw
40 Fi/iii step
Rook ending

Rook endings occur quite often. It is therefore important to be able to recognize winning and drawn
positions. In each of the following positions White is a pawn up. In some cases this is sufficient to win
the game, but not in others.

The black king is in front of A similar situation, but much This position differs from the
the pawn. This is the best less favourable for Black, previous one in one crucial
spot for a defending king. whose pieces are restricted to respect: the kings and pawn
All the black rook needs to the back rank. Since the rook have been moved one file to
do is switch back and forth is tied, the defensive method the right. This one file means
on the 61h rank until the pawn as illustrated in the previous the difference between a win
reaches e6. Then the rook example is not available. and a draw. After 1. Rh7+
51
must be played to the I rank White has an easy win; after Kg8 2. Rg7+ Kh8 the board
to give checks 'from behind': 1. Rg7+ Kf8 2. Rh7 Kg8 3. turns out to be too small, and
1.•.. Ra6 2. e5 Rb6 3. Ra7 f7+ Kf8 4. Rh8+ he nets the thus White is unable to win.
Rc6 4. e6 Rei 5. Kf6 Rfl+. black rook with an X-ray There is not enough room for
Black continues to give check check. the white rook to the right of
or else wins the pawn. Draw. the king.

The defending king is cut The distance between king Here the distance between
off. This costs Black half a and enemy rook is an impor- the white king and the black
point. White wins with 1. tant factor in rook endings. rook is sufficiently large for
Rei+ Kd7 2. Re4! (a move The more distant the check, a draw. If Black keeps giving
to remember!) 2 •.•. Rhl 3. the more effective it is. In check, he can obtain a draw:
Kf7 Rfl+ 4. Kg6 Rgl+ 5. this position the distance is 1. ... Rh7+ 2. Ke6 Rh6+ 3.
Kf6 Rfl+ 6. Kg5 Rgl+ 7. too small. After 1. ... Rg7+ 2. Ke5 (3 . Kf5 Rd6) 3 •.•. Rh5+
Rg4. This winning method is Ke8 Rg8+ 3. Kf7 Rh8 (3 . ... 4. Ke4 Rh4+ 5. Kd3 Rh8
called building a bridge. Rd8 4. Ke7) 4. Rhl Rd8 5. and Black wins the pawn. It
White cannot make any pro- Ke7. Although 4.... Rxhl is is important that in this type
gress without 2. Re4. 2. Kf7 is better, Black will still draw of positions the defending
met by 2 .... Rf2+ 3. Kg6 Rg2+ the short straw after 5. d8Q. king is on the 7•h rank, and
4. Kf6 Rf2+ 5. Ke5 Rg2 and not on the s•h rank.
the king is forced to retreat.
41
Rook ending Mate: A

42 Fi/iii step
Rook ending X-ray check: A

43
Attack on the king Attack on a castled king : A

.! ~ .! ~ ~ •
~ *I l..t.
'
' ,.
11 •
1. 8
'ill
8 ' 8
tt:J i
8 ~·
8 li/li
8
'
8 : 8 .i..B ' •
18 8! 8
:l
li/li
l:t
~8
@
li/li
: ttJ
88
@

~ !. ~ i. .! ~

·~ '' ' ,., ' j_

i '~.i.
~ I. '' '
j_ '

~8 'ttJ~
8 t:fj
i 8
8
li/li
•
8 ~ li/li 8 8 t:fj 8
88 8 88 88 8 8
1l @ ~ ~@ ~ ~ n !I @

~ • E ~ i.
~·
'x 1 .I
'''
~
l.R
'' '
t:fj
t:fj
li/li • I. ttJ '
li/li
'
8
~~
'
8 •
8 ~
8 :
8@
'
8 1. 8

8 8 li/li 888 8 8 8 888

1l ~@ : l:i. @

.! j_ ~

··~~
j_
j_
' li/li'
t:fj 8 8
'
8 t:fj
88
8 ~ t:fj
8 8 li/li
88
t:fj 8
8 8 88
~@
@ ~ @ ~.a:

44 Fi/ill step
Attack on the king Attack on a castled king: B
'WI K•
.i ' '
~· .t. ~
!.?J~
•8
E ~!.?J 8

l:l @

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8

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45
Open file

Files without pawns are called open files. Open files can be used to invade the opponent's position.
Such an invasion is most effective on the 7'h rank, since this is where most of the opponent's pawns are
positioned. Using an open file involves four different, but related aspects:
).- opening a file
., using an outpost
., gaining control of an open file
' preventing the opponent from using an open fi le

I.

'' ' *
' '
~ ~~ ' '
~ @~
~ ~
n
Opening a file Opening a file Using an outpost
White opens the d-file by 1. Although White can open the White cannot gain control of
dxe5, thereby undoubling a-file with 1. axb6, he cannot the c-filc immediately. He
Black's f-pawns. The first is actually conquer it. The right must threaten to double his
more important, since White strategy in this position is to rooks with I. RcS. Black now
can occupy the open file. wait. White should first play faces an unpleasant choice.
A fter 1. ... f xe5 2. Rd 1 the 1. Ra3 and 2. Rea 1 and only After 1. . .. Rxc5 2. dxc5
rook can go to d7. We know then take on b6. Black will White gets a protected passed
from the lesson on the 7'h then have to give up the a- c-pawn, while Black is left
rank that the rook is very file. with a vulnerable pawn on
active there. d5. If Black does not take, he
wi ll lose control of the c-file.

!. &~ B. !. ~
'Slii
'' ' ' ' '' '' ' ' '
• ~
~ ~
~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
@~~ 1
~~
~n
~~
@ ~ l::t
kl
Take control of an open file Preventing the opponent Preventing the opponent
In this position White and from using an open file from using an open file
Black are both controlling It would appear as though Black must prevent the white
the d-file. White can chase White is controlling the d- rook from invading the 7th
away the black rook with 1. file. Black is unable to rank. Exchanging on d4 does
Bf6. White gains control of oppose rooks. However, he not help; rather, Black must
the d-file, regardless of can make sure that the white create an outpost with 1. ...
whether Black takes on d I or rooks will not invade his Rd5. After 2. Rxd5 exd5 3.
moves away his rook. position. Black can seal off Re 1 Kf6 the white rooks are
the d-file with 1•..• Nd5. effectively harmless.

46 F!/ih step
Strategy Open file: A

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8 ~88@8 8 88 8~~'iW8 8
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47
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ll ~~ll @ l:t ~ ll

49
Draw

In bad positions you can try to play for a draw. This can be achieved by forcing stalemate or by
making sure that your opponent is left with insufficient material to win.

~- -'------~

Forcing stalemate The king can still play A piece can still play
When your own king cannot . The black bishop can take the On the left, Black can still
play anymore, the strategy to queen, but the retulting pawn play with his king, his queen,
force stalemate is simple: give ending is totally lost. Again, and his a-pawn. However, he
away your last pieces. Black can save himself by can obtain a draw with 1. ...
On the left, White gives away stalemating his king. Qa3+. If the queen is taken,
his pawns: 1. d8Q+ Kxd8 2. After 1. ... Kh8 White has the pawn on a3 blocks the a-
c7+ and Black is forced to nothing better than 2. Qxf7 pawn and takes away b4 for
take the pawn now or on the (after a king move Black the king. After 2. bxa3 b2+
next move. would be winning!) and Black escapes with a draw.
On the right, Black gives up Black is stalemated. On the right, the g-pawn is
his rook: 1. ... Rg2+ 2. Kh3 pinned. White can save
Rg3+. If White takes, it is himself with the strong 1.
stalemate. Black has what is Qf4+. After 1. ... Qxf4 it is
called a 'rampant rook'. stalemate.
-- ·.-------
ltJ@

Mate is no longer possible The pawn has advanced too Insufficient material plus
Winning with a knight alone far Being an exchange up in the
is impossible. All White has In both parts a 4-point mate- absence of pawns is usually
to do is get the black a-pawn. rial plus does not suffice for a insufficient for a win. On the
After 1. Kb3 Net+ 2. Ka4 win. On the left, the black left, White obtains a draw
White wins the a-pawn or is king is trapped after 1. Kcl. after 1. Nb6+ Kb7 2. Nc4 and
stalemated after 2.... Kb6. The knight is unable to chase 3. Nxa3.
On the right, White is after the the king away from both c I On the right, White wins the
f-pawn. He can obtain a draw and c2. On the right, Black h-pawn after 1. Bh4 Kg6 2.
with 1. Ne7 f4 2. Ng6 f3 3. keeps moving his king from Bg3 Kg5 3. Kxh3. With
Ne5 f2 4. Ng4 flQ (4 .... flN g7 to h8 and back. White correct play, Black's material
5. Nf6!) 5. Ne3+. must lose the h-pawn or allow plus is insufficient.
stalemate.
50 Fifth step
Draw Stalemate: A

i 8
t!f

' ~ rl
't!V
~
'
8

t
ttJ @ J @
8
6 e i.

~
~ @
x 8
.t.
'
@
8 i 8
'tit' ttJ .i. 8
~ 8 8 ~
~ @~

51
Draw Insufficient material: A

• •

52 Fifth step
The wrong bishop

Suppose that your opponent has only his king left. You still have material on the board, but, unfortunately,
you are unable to give mate. This is the case when you have a knight, a bishop or a pair of knights (a six-
point plus!). Tough luck! Under very special circumstances, the combination of a bishop and a pawn is
also insufficient to win the game. In such cases we call the bishop the wrong bishop.

On the left, the side with bishop

and pawn has an easy win. For
instance: 1. a6 Kb8 2. Kb6 Ka8
3. Be4+ Kb8 4. a7+.
On the right, we have a similar
position, but a quite different
result! The bishop and the comer
square do not have the same
colour. After I. h6 Kh8 2. Kg6
Kg8 3. h7+ or 3. Bb3+ Black is
stalemated.

A bishop whose colour is different

from that of the comer square is a
'wrong bishop'. Ifthe defending
side has his king in the comer or
within reach of the comer, the
game will end in a draw. On the
left, this is not the case. The
pawn marches on after 1. Bb4
Kb3 2. Kb5. On the right, the
king cannot reach a8: 1. Kd5 Kd7
2. Bf4! Kc8 4. Kc6. White wins.

On the left, the combined force of

bishop and pawn denies the black
king access to the comer. Black is
helpless after 1.... Kc8 2. Kb2.
The same is true on the right of the
diagram. Here 1. Kh2 Ke7 2. h7
wraps up.
On the right, assistance of the king
is required: 1. Bh7! Kf6 2. Kf4
Kf7 3. Kf5 Kf8 4. Kf6 winning.

In the final two positions the de-

fending king manages to reach the
comer.
On the left, Black salvages a draw
with 1. ... Ke4 (and not l .... Kf4
2. Kd4) 2. h5 Ke5, and Black is
en route to the sanctuary on h8.
The correct move on the right is
1. ... Ke7. Bad is I. ... Ke8? 2.
L Bd5 Ke7 3. Kg5, and the king
will not reach the comer.
53
Endgame Wrong bishop: A

54 Fifth step
Test Mix: K

~
K
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• I: 'ii
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R~
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e •x
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n 8 8 88 ~ 8~ 888 888
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55
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.,...
Learning chess Step by Step

The Step by Step learning system is an officially acknowledged method by the Dutch Chess
Federation. It has been successfully adopted by the majority of chess clubs and schools in the
Netherlands and Belgium.
The whole system consists of workbooks with exercises and manuals for teachers and trainers.

Appeared in English up till now:

Manual for chess trainers: Step J, Step 2, Step 3. Step 4, Step 5

Workbook: Step 1, Step 2, Step 3, Step 4, Step 5

You will find updated information on our website at: www.stappenmetbode.nl

ISBN B0-77275-51-7