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Introduction To Geometry: Fundamental Concepts of Geometry

This document introduces fundamental geometry concepts. It defines a point as an exact location in space, represented by dots. A line consists of infinite points extending in both directions, identified by letters or two points. Two lines can be parallel or intersect at a point. A ray has one endpoint and extends in one direction, while a line segment has two endpoints. A plane is a flat two-dimensional surface identified by three coplanar points or a letter. Coplanar points are in the same plane. Angles are formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. The measure of an angle is determined by the rotation of one ray about the other.

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Rahul Banerjee
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1K views

Introduction To Geometry: Fundamental Concepts of Geometry

This document introduces fundamental geometry concepts. It defines a point as an exact location in space, represented by dots. A line consists of infinite points extending in both directions, identified by letters or two points. Two lines can be parallel or intersect at a point. A ray has one endpoint and extends in one direction, while a line segment has two endpoints. A plane is a flat two-dimensional surface identified by three coplanar points or a letter. Coplanar points are in the same plane. Angles are formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called the vertex. The measure of an angle is determined by the rotation of one ray about the other.

Uploaded by

Rahul Banerjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Geometry

Fundamental Concepts of Geometry

This below explains and demonstrates the fundamental concepts (undefined terms) of geometry: points, lines, ray,
collinear, planes, and coplanar. The basic ideas in geometry and how we represent them with symbols.

A point is an exact location in space. They are shown as dots on a plane in 2 dimensions or a dot in space in 3
dimensions. It is labeled with capital letters. It does not take up any space.

A line is a geometric figure that consists of an infinite number of points lined up straight that extend in both
directions for ever (indicated by the arrows at the end). A line is identified by a lower case letter or by two points
that the line passes through. There is exactly 1 line through two points. All points on the same line are called
collinear. Points not on the same line are no collinear.

Two lines are either parallel or they will meet at a point of intersection.

A line segment is a part of a line with two endpoints. A line segment starts and stops at two endpoints.

A ray is part of a line with one endpoint and extends in one direction forever.

A plane is a flat 2-dimensional surface. A plane can be identified by 3 points in the plane or by a capital letter.
There is exactly 1 plane through three points. The intersection of two planes is a line.

Coplanar points are points in one plane.

How to measure angles and types of angles

Class IV Math Notes by Rahul Sir’s Classes Page 1


Introduction to Geometry
An angle consists of two rays with a common endpoint. The two rays are called the sides of the angle and the
common endpoint is the vertex of the angle. Each angle has a measure generated by the rotation about the vertex.
The measure is determined by the rotation of the terminal side about the initial side. A counterclockwise rotation
generates a positive angle measure. A clockwise rotation generates a negative angle measure. The units used to
measure an angle are either in degrees or radians.

Types of Angle:

A Circle and it’s Angle

Class IV Math Notes by Rahul Sir’s Classes Page 2

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