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Problem Statement:: Saad Ali Khan Uw-18-Me-Bsc-059

This document describes an open-ended lab experiment to measure the coefficient of drag on a circular cylinder using two methods: direct weight method and wake transverse method. The direct weight method involves balancing the drag force on the cylinder with a applied load. The wake transverse method measures the disturbed downstream flow caused by fluid passing around the cylinder. The document outlines the objectives, equipment used, procedures and safety instructions for the experiment. It also provides spaces to record observations, calculations and conclusions.

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Saad AliKhan
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108 views

Problem Statement:: Saad Ali Khan Uw-18-Me-Bsc-059

This document describes an open-ended lab experiment to measure the coefficient of drag on a circular cylinder using two methods: direct weight method and wake transverse method. The direct weight method involves balancing the drag force on the cylinder with a applied load. The wake transverse method measures the disturbed downstream flow caused by fluid passing around the cylinder. The document outlines the objectives, equipment used, procedures and safety instructions for the experiment. It also provides spaces to record observations, calculations and conclusions.

Uploaded by

Saad AliKhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Saad Ali Khan UW-18-ME-BSC-059

Problem Statement:
In Aerodynamics the resistance of the body as it moves through the fluid is of great Technical
importance. It is well established that dimples accelerate the drag-crisis on a sphere. The result of the
early drag-crisis is a reduction of the drag coefficient by more than a factor of two when compared to a
smooth sphere at the same Reynolds number. In this Open ended lab student will have to take a circular
cylinder and place it in an air stream and measure its resistance or drag by using direct weight and Wake
transverse method.
 Explain and Interpret that how co-efficient of drag on cylinder is calculated by using
Direct weight and Wake transverse method.
 Adapt procedure for performing open ended Lab while taking reading in
consideration with Safety instructions.
 Demonstrate positive individual work while performing Open Ended Lab, also
follow
 The given instructions and deadlines considering safety precautions.
 Analyze the results obtained from open ended lab experiment obtained using Direct - Weight
and Wake transverse method.
 Summarize all the procedures and conclusions in the form of written report for OEL.

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Introduction:
Understanding the drag characteristics of objects in fluid flow is essential for engineering design aspects,
such as to reduce the drag on automobiles and aircrafts for speed and fuel economy, chimneys, towers,
buildings and other hydraulic structures for safety and stability. The phenomenon of drag can be
simulated and measured by recreating air flow over an object. CD is not a constant but varies as a
function of speed, flow direction, object position, object size, fluid density and fluid viscosity. When
simulating the wind flow over a scale model comprised of curved surfaces, discrepancies are present
between the model scale data and full scale winds experienced by the structure. Since the Re
corresponding to the curved surface is a function of the radius of curvature, there is an inconsistency
between the model scale Re and the full scale Re For a circular cylinder, Re number can be computed via
Equation I.
Re is the Reynolds number of the shape; u is the wind velocity in unobstructed flow, d is the diameter of
the cylinder and is the kinematic viscosity of air. Many researches had been carried out to predict the
variation of Co-efficient of drag vs. Reynolds number for circular cylinder. Butt and Egbers (2013)
presented that a circular cylinder produces large drag due to pressure difference between upstream and
downstream

Drag Force by Direct Weighing Method:


In this method we calculated the drag coefficient. This is a method that is used to determine the drag co-
efficient that is acting on an object in fluid motion. This, the object in this case, is a cylinder. We record
the value of the drag force, total pressure, static pressure, dynamic pressure. In Direct weighing method,
drag force due to air flow was balanced by applying suitable load on the lever of the set up. In fluid
dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of
an object in a fluid environment such as air or water

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Wake Transverse Method:


It is also another method to measure the effect of drag co-efficient on a cylinder. First of all, we will need
to know what wake is. The wake is the region of disturbed flow (often turbulent) downstream of a solid
body moving through a fluid, caused by the flow of the fluid around the body.

Apparatus:
 Cylinder with a protractor, and a pressure tapping in its outer wall.
 A flat plate
 A symmetrical aero foil shape with a NACA profile
The apparatus that will be used for this lab purpose will be the AF12 Drag Force Apparatus. This
apparatus is used for the calculation and determination of drag co-efficient by both the direct weight
method and wake transverse method.

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Procedure:
i. First of all, switch ON the apparatus
ii. ii. Make sure to have the weights attached to it.
iii. Also, make sure to use the clamp connections for quick and easy fitment.
iv. iv. Now. Place the cylinder and use the apparatus for calculating the drag co-efficient on it.
v. Make sure to repeat the experiment first, by using direct weight method and then by using wake
transverse method.
vi. vi. Record the values and for a table.
vii. vii. viii. If necessary, plot the graph if needed for one. After the experiment, tum OFF the
apparatus.

Observation & Calculations :

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Conclusion:
In this lab, we learnt about the drag force and methods of calculating the coefficient of drag on cylinder.
We also run the apparatus and doing tasks with two different methods. We also note the reading and plot
the graph. It can be concluded that the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity. It is used to quantify
the strength or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. Used in the drag
equation in that a lower drag coefficient indicates that the object will have less aerodynamic or
hydrodynamic drag..

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