Pulse code modulation

Agus Indra Pratama Muhammad Indira Syah Alam

Dept. of Electrical Engineering Dept. of Electrical Engineering
State Polytechnic of Malang State Polytechnic of Malang
Malang Indonesia Malang Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

1. Abstract
of speech waves into coded
the use of PCM in human
pulses. An 8-channel system
life has reached the next level
employing pulse code
by giving commands to robots
modulation (PCM) and
or tools that will move
embodying these principles
automatically after being
was produced. The method
ordered. PCM itself has a lot
appears to have exceptional
of merit to human life, PCM
possibilities from the
facilitates human activities,
standpoint of freedom from
especially in terms of
interference, but its full
communicating remotely.
significance in connection
with future radio and wire
2. Introduction
transmission may take some
Were done this project to
time to reveal (Black &
find out what is PCM, because
Edson, 1947).
PCM is still can be usage for
communication even though
PCM is almost 100 years old.
But people still use it. So,
with a team based on 2 people
Literature Agus Indra Pratama
as writer, and Muhammad
Indira Syah Alam as fig. 1. PCM Digital
Researcher, make this report. Representation

3. Literature review in the fig. 1. there is an

3.1. PCM explanation of how it works
A radically new modulation for PCM by using
technique for multichannel Quantization and Sampling
telephony has been developed method
which involves the conversion
 given numerically for
Gaussian and for Laplacian
3.2. Quantization
distribution of signal
It has long been realized
amplitudes (Lloyd, 1982).
that in pulse-code modulation
(PCM), with a given ensemble
of signals to handle, the
quantum values should be
spaced more closely in the
voltage regions where the
signal amplitude is more
likely to fall. It has been
shown by Panter and Dite
that, in the limit as the number
of quanta becomes infinite, fig. 2 Quantization and
the asymptotic fractional Sampling
density of quanta per unit
voltage should vary as the in the fig. 2. there are
one-third power of the instructions in quantization
probability density per unit and sampling.
voltage of signal amplitudes.
In this paper the 3.3. Modulation
corresponding result for any It is often the case in
finite number of quanta is instrumentation and
derived; that is, necessary communication systems that
conditions are found that the an information-bearing signal
quanta and associated may not be in an optimal form
quantization intervals of an for direct use. In such cases,
optimum finite quantization the information-bearing signal
scheme must satisfy. The may be used to alter some
optimization criterion used is characteristic of a second
that the average quantization signal more suited to the
noise power be a minimum. It application. This process of
is shown that the result altering one signal by means
obtained here goes over into of another is known as
the Panter and Dite result as modulation ; the original
the number of quanta become information is called the
large. The optimum baseband signal, and the
quantization schemes for 2b signal modulated by the
quanta, b = 1,2, ···, 7, are baseband signal is termed the
carrier (because it “carries”
 the information). Recovery of
the original information System The PCM system to
requires a suitable be simulated can be found in
demodulation process to fig. 4. in this system there are
reverse the modulation modules as follows:
process (Beams, 2003). 1. Simulate Signal
2. Sampler
3. Quantization
4. Encoder
5. Decoder
6. Demod
7. Array (3)
8. Oscillator (5)
fig. 3. Modulation

in the fig. 3. there is an

overview of frequency
modulation before modulation
and after modulation

4. Methods/Simulate Design
Were made PCM system in Fig. 5. frequency sa
LabView, first were simulated
signal, next were give sampler frequency used in this
and quantization, after that experiment of 200Hz with
were give encoder and give amplitude of 15. can be seen
next to it decoder, and last in fig. 5.
were give Demodulated.
Every each section were give 9. Results and Discussion
wave monitor, for monitoring The result from simulator is
the wave which is produced following sampling values, in this
by the module. situation we can understand,
sampling value determining the
result of demodulation signal from
device, its because, each pulse
contains meaning or command, with
the specified sampling, the device
can interpret a code sent by the user
in the form of data pulses to be
demodulated
Fig. 4. Simulation Circuit
Table 1 Pulse Testing Using 5 [1 1
View Labs 001
100
N SA RESULT IMAGE
1 1]
O MP
LE
1 [1 1 Gambar 7 : Sample [1 1 0 0
111 1 1 0 0 1 1]
111
1 1] in table 1 can be seen
the image of the wave results
from sampling conducted by
Image 6 : sample [1 1 1 1 1 PCM.
1 1 1 1 1]
10.Conclusion
2 [0 1
010 by looking at, researching, and
101 comparing the results that have been
0 1] obtained with different samplings.
we can draw the conclusion that the
signal obtained by a device depends
on the pulse sent by PCM, and PCM
Image 7 : sample [0 1 0 1 0 sends a pulse signal used by other
1 0 1 0 1] devices that can capture the pulse to
3 [0 0 be received as a
110 command.References
011 Beams, D. M. (2003). Modulation.
0 0] In Electrical Measurement,
Signal Processing, and
Image 8 : sample [0 0 1 1 0 Displays.
0 1 1 0 0] https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203
009406
4 [1 0
Black, H. S., & Edson, J. O. (1947).
101
Pulse Code Modulation.
010 Transactions of the American
1 0] Institute of Electrical Engineers.
https://doi.org/10.1109/T-
Image 9 : sample [1 0 1 0 1 AIEE.1947.5059525
0 1 0 1 0] Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least Squares
Quantization in PCM. IEEE
Transactions on Information
Theory.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.198
2.1056489