ADVANCED STATISTICS

Grade 9 Elective
Module No. 1: Week 1 : First Quarter
Introduction to Statistics

Lesson/s

1. Statistics in Different Fields

2. Level of Measurement

Objectives

a. Define the following terms: statistics, sample, and population

b. Give the importance of the study of statistics and the types of statistics
c. Find the nature of data according to levels of measurement

Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Statistics is the branch of mathematics used to summarize quantities of data for

planning experiments, and then analyzing, interpreting and help investigators draw sound
conclusions.
Statistics has two aspects: theoretical and applied. The Theoretical Aspects deals with
the development, derivation, and proof of statistical theorems, formulas, rules, and laws.
Applied Statistics involves the applications of those theorems, rules, and laws to solve real-
world problems.

Types of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics- describing data
- It involves collecting, organizing, presenting, and analyzing data in a manner
understandable to all.
- The objective is to describe a certain attribute of a group of series.
- The most common descriptive statistics are mean, median, mode, range and standard
deviation.
Example: The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducts surveys to determine the average
age, income, and other characteristics of the Filipino population.
Inferential Statistics - make predictions
- It uses sample data to make inferences about a population.

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 - It consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing,
determining relationships among variables, and making predictions.
- It uses the concept of probability- the chance of an event to happen.
- The most common inferential statistics are t-test, ANOVA, regression, analysis, and
chi-square analysis
Example: Suppose you wanted to obtain the opinion of Filipino people regarding the current
President of the Philippines. You do not have to survey the entire population as you may not
have the time and resources to do that. Instead, you only draw conclusions from a sample of
population. Based on the sample, you will be able to answer questions about the population
as a whole.

Some Common Terms of Statistics

Population – is the complete and entire collection of elements to be studied.
Sample – is a subset of a population.
Parameter – is a numerical measurement describing some characteristics of a population.
Statistic – is a numerical measurement describing some characteristics of a sample.

Nature of Data
Data - are the values that the variables can assume.
Variables – whose values are determined by chance called random variables.

Discrete Variable
-values are attained
through counting set of
Quantitative finite values
Variables
-involves numbers and
are the result of Continuous Variable
counting or measuring
Data -values are attained
through measurements
-are information we (infinite)
gather about the
population Qualitative Variables
-involves information
on attributes or
characteristics. It
represent a class or
category.

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Level of Measurement
1. Nominal Level Data
- It is a data that consist of names, labels or categories only.
- The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme.
- The numbers are used to classify or categorize.
Example: Employment Classification
_ 1 for Educator
_ 2 for Construction Worker
_ 3 for Manufacturing Worker
2. Ordinal Level Data
- It is data that can be grouped according to rank on order of the categories.
- It involves data that may be arranged in some order, but differences between data values
either cannot be determined or are meaningless.
- Numbers are used to indicate rank or order.
Example: Grading System involving letters (A, B, C, D, F)
Position within an organization
_1 for President
_2 for Vice President
_3 for Plant Manager
_4 for Department Supervisor
3. Interval Level Data
- It is data wherein not only ordering or ranking of the observations is possible but also
arithmetic differences between them are meaningful.
- It has “no true-zero value”.
- Distances between consecutive integers are equal
Examples: Fahrenheit Temperature, Calendar Time, Monetary Units
4. Ratio Level Data
- It is data where equality of ratio or proportion has meaning.
- It has a true-zero value.
- It is the highest level of measurement.
Examples: Measure of height, weight, or area.

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 Summary of Data Classifications

Let’s Apply

A. Determine whether the given data is discrete or continuous.

1. Number of endangered species in the Philippines.
2. Weights of infants at birth in a particular area.
3. Heights of selected second year students in a particular school.
4. Holidays in a school year.
5. Average temperature in a certain place.
6. The number of children in a family.
7. General weighted average of students.
8. Passing score in an examination.
9. Number of computers in a computer laboratory.
10. Number of guests in a birthday party.
B. Classify the type of data that will be obtained from the following data as nominal,
ordinal, interval or ratio.
11. Class officers of 10-Einstein.
12. Temperature in Baguio City
13. Number of students in a particular school.
14. Salary of secondary school teachers.
15. Gender of participants in the in-service training.
16. Names of public national high schools in Paranaque.
17. Efficiency rating of employees.
18. Scores of students in an Achievement Test.
19. Honor Rolls of Batch 2020 in a particular school.
20. Attitudes towards mathematics.

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 ADVANCED STATISTICS
Grade 9 Elective
Module No. 1: Week 1 : First Quarter
Introduction to Statistics

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

A. Indicate whether each of the following statements is a descriptive or inferential statistics.

_____ 1. Last semester, the ages of students at a certain college ranged from 16 to 25 years
old.
_____ 2. Based on the survey conducted by the National Statistics Office, it is estimated
24% of unemployed people are women.
_____ 3. A survey says that 1 out of 10 Filipinos is a member of a fitness center.
_____ 4. Cigarettes were associated with 31% of the 4,700 civilian fire deaths in 2000.
_____ 5. A recent study showed that garlic can lower blood pressure.
B. Indicate which of the following examples refer to population or sample.
_____ 6. A group of 25 students selected to test a new teaching technique.
_____ 7. The total number of machines produced by a factory in one week.
_____ 8. The yearly expenditures on food for 10 families.
_____ 9. The ages of employees of all companies in Metro Manila.
_____ 10. The number of subscribers of telephone companies.
C. Classify each variable as quantitative or qualitative. Write QL if it is qualitative or QN if it
is a quantitative.
_____ 11. The height of giraffe living in India.
_____ 12. The religious affiliation of the people in the Philippines.
_____ 13. Favorite movie.
_____ 14. The daily intake of proteins.
_____ 15. Nationality.
_____ 16. The days absent from school.
_____ 17. Marital status.
_____ 18. The number of houses owned.
_____ 19. The monthly phone bills.
_____ 20. The number of students who fail their first statistics quiz.
D. Classify each as nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio-level data.
_____ 21. Social security number
_____ 22. The total annual incomes for a sample of families
_____ 23. The ages of students enrolled in a cooking class
_____ 24. The rankings of tennis players
_____ 25. The salaries of fastfood chain attendants.
E. Classify each variable as discrete or continuous.
_____ 26. The number of breads baked each day.
_____ 27. The air temperature in a city yesterday.
_____ 28. The income of single parents living in Quezon City.
_____ 29. The weighs of newborn infants.
_____ 30. The capacity (in liters) of water in a swimming pool.
References:
Alferez, M. S., & Duro, M. C. (2018). MSA Statistics and Probability. Cainta: MSA Publishing House.
Nivera, G.C.(2007). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics: Patterns and Praticalities. Makati:Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press

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 LEARNING PLAN IN ADVANCED STATISTICS

MODULE 1: WEEK 1
GRADE LEVEL: 9 QUARTER: FIRST
Day No/ Objective/s NOTES TO THE FACILITATOR
Topic/Lesson
1. Check examine the example and definition of statistics.
Day 1: Definition Define the 2. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about definition of
of Statistics and following terms: statistics and some common terms of statistics on the module.
Some Common statistics, 3. Coordinate with the teacher through FB messenger/ text message for questions/ clarifications.
Terms of sample, and 4. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
Statistics population 5. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Try” letter B, using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
6. Submit the Answer Sheet for First Lesson to the teacher for rating and feedback.
Day 2: Types of Give the 1. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about types of
Statistics and importance of statistics and nature of data on the module.
Nature of Data the study of 2. Coordinate with the teacher through FB messenger/ text message for questions/ clarifications.
statistics and 3. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
types of the 4. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Apply” letter A, using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
statistics. 5. Submit the Answer Sheet for Second Lesson to the teacher for rating and feedback.

Illustrate Nature
of Data
Day 3: Level of Find the nature 1. Guide and be a partner of the learner while studying the examples given in “Let’s Understand” part about level of
Measurement and of data measurement on the module.
Summary of Data according to the 2. Coordinate with the teacher through FB messenger/ text message for questions/ clarifications.
Classifications levels of 3. Guide the learner while performing the activities in Module.
measurement 4. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Apply” letter B using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
5. Submit the Answer Sheet for Third Lesson to the teacher for rating and feedback.
Day 4: Answer the 1. Guide the learner while performing the activities on the Module.
Introduction to evaluation part 2. Check learner’s answers in “Let’s Try” using the ensure and keep the answer key provided.
Statistics honestly. 3. Submit the answer sheet of Let’s Apply, and Let’s Try to the teacher for Module 1 final rating and feedback.
(Evaluation)

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