TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION (CIVIL)

FOR 220KV TRANSMISSION LINE

CHAPTER- 1

SCOPE AND GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT

1.0 This specification covers the general technical specifications and requirements of 220KV
Transmission Line of WBSETCL and shall be read in line with the detailed scope of work as per
NIT and respective schedule of works regarding type of tower structures to be followed.

1.1 Contractor‟s scope of work under this contract is defined in brief on the basis of turnkey concept as
under:

1.1.1. The purchaser has conducted detailed survey of the routes of the proposed lines and developed
route alignments. The contractor shall undertake check survey of the power transmission lines
based on the above alignments. The said alignments may, however, change due to right of way
problem during taking up actual work in execution. The contractor has to conduct detailed survey
vis-à-vis tower spotting for the left out portion including revised route alignment (if required) as per
sag template drawing to be prepared by the contractor.

1.1.2. The contractor may have to undertake design of suitable transmission tower/ tower structures, if
requires, as per the design parameters given in relevant IS code, for the line and submit the design
and report in three copies to the purchaser for obtaining provisional approval. On obtaining such
approval of the above designs, the contractor shall develop suitable structural drawings, shop
drawing, bill of materials (B. O. M.) etc. and carry out proto test and / or full scale tower testing
and submit the complete drawings and B.O.M in three copies of each to the purchaser for obtaining
final approval. On obtaining such approval the contractor shall submit the drawings, bill of
materials & shop drawings etc. in six copies on good quality reproducible sheets as well as soft
copies in CD to the purchaser which will become the property of the purchaser. Design,
development of structural drawing, B.O.M, shop drawings etc. for special structures including
crossing towers are also included in the scope of the Contract.

1.1.3. The contractor shall undertake design of suitable foundations for all types of towers including
special towers and structures under different soil conditions / parameters and variation in ground
water level, namely – dry, wet, semi submerged and submerged condition depending upon the sub-
soil investigation already conducted by the purchaser. This contract also covers design and drawing
of deep foundations (bored piles of uniform diameter/RCC raft) as may be necessary from the
prevalent site condition. The contractor may engage the services of an agency (ies) for carrying out
special river crossing foundations (pile foundation), described in the scope as above, taking due
approval from the purchaser. However, the agency so engaged must have experience of
construction of such foundations.

The contractor shall then develop suitable drawings for foundation of towers under such condition
and submit the same to the purchaser along with detailed calculation for according approval and
release of the drawings for execution. The contractor shall submit six copies of the approved design
and drawings along with one set of the said drawings drawn in good quality reproducible sheets.

1.1.4. The contractor shall identify and quantify various items of work involved in the job under this
contract, including open excavation in foundation pits, concreting, reinforcement etc. on the basis
of the approved detail survey and sub-soil investigation. The contractor shall submit detailed
schedules of work and programme for execution to the purchaser for obtaining approval prior to the
actual execution.

Page 1 of 46
1.1.5. Scope of this contract also includes fabrication, galvanizing and supply of tower members and
tower accessories complete which includes nuts and bolts, washers, cleats, step bolts, U-bolts, D-
shackles, Hanger etc. and its erection at site including fixing of insulator and hard wares, stringing
of earth wires and power conductors along with all necessary conductor and earth wire accessories
as well as supplying and fixing of anti-climbing devices, earthing devices, phase plates, number
plates, danger plates, step bolts etc. Scope of this contract also covers supply and application of
zinc rich paint on bolts where tack welding is to be done up to the height as stated hereinafter. The
tower should be tack welded between the nuts and bolts of the joints up to the height of bottom
cross arm above stub coping level. The scope of erection job also covers excavation, back filling,
shoring and shuttering, dewatering, disposal of surplus earth, stub-setting, concreting of
foundations, reinforcements etc. and execution of protection job, if necessary, as per approved
drawing. Scope of this contract also covers fabrication, galvanizing, supply and erection of special
towers/structures, including ladders and platforms etc. Construction of isolated shallow depth
footings, and /or deep foundations (Bored piles of uniform diameter / RCC raft) etc. as per site
condition are also included in this Contract.

1.1.6. ACSR conductors, GSW/OPGW(24F) ground wire, vibration dampers and mid – span compression
joints for conductor and ground wire, repair sleeves for ACSR conductor, ground wire suspension /
tension clamps, flexible copper bonds, insulators, hard wares for insulator strings complete shall be
supplied by the contractor.

1.1.7. All materials such as cement, reinforcement steel, fine and coarse aggregates, earthing materials, all
materials required in foundation and protection work shall be included in the contractor‟s scope of
supply. Any other item/ items which are not specifically mentioned but are required for successful
completion of the line shall be supplied by the contractor and quoted in full in the bid sheet.

The bidder shall clearly indicate the source from where he proposes to procure the construction
materials like cement, sand, stone chips, reinforcement steel to the EIC. However, such
procurement shall be made on receipt of approval from the EIC at site.

1.1.8. The scope of this specification also covers completion of transmission line in all respect up to the
satisfaction of the purchaser. On completion of the job the contractor shall arrange for testing and
successful commissioning of the line. For such purposes the Contractor shall extend all necessary
services with his men, materials and equipments without any extra cost to the purchaser.

1.1.9. Scope of this Contract also includes execution of transmission line/s which may traverse through
farming area, populated locality, water logged area/s having standing water during a considerable
period of the year.

1.1.10. The purchaser shall arrange for necessary shutdown of the existing line, wherever necessary,
against a written requisition and programme to be submitted by the contractor 30 days before the
actual execution, indicating the minimum period of shutdown required. The shutdown period and
work programme shall be mutually settled and shutdown period so finalized shall not be exceeded.

1.1.11. Scope of this contract also includes connection between the dead end tower of the transmission line
and the respective sub-station gantry structure and contractor may have to execute also change of
bay related work at sub-station or stringing of new circuits on multi-circuit towers either partially
energized or un-energized line, if required.

Page 2 of 46
1.1.12. The bidder shall quote for the complete work of design, fabrication, galvanizing, testing, supply
and erection of towers, stringing, testing and commissioning of the line complete, along with
construction of foundations, protection work for the tower foundations, wherever necessary,
complete in all respect, failing which the tender shall not be considered. The rates quoted against
the tentative provisions of the items mentioned in the bidding schedule, shall remain unaltered and
shall be applicable for the final quantities arrived at after purchaser‟s approval of the check survey
carried out by the successful bidder, along with sub-soil investigation.

1.2 CODES AND STANDARDS:

The design, fabrication, galvanizing, testing, erection procedure and materials to be used for
manufacture and erection of towers, design and construction of foundation and also for
manufacture of conductor, conductor accessories, insulator, insulator hardware. Earth wire and
accessories etc. shall conform to the Indian Standards (IS) as amended till date of issue of
invitation of bid or taking up the actual work whichever is later. Equivalent International
Standards will also be applicable. In the event of supply of materials, equipment etc. conforming to
standards other than specified, the Bidder shall confirm in the bid that these standards are
equivalent to those specified.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. No. Indian Standards ( IS )/ TItle
International Standards
______________________________________________________________________________________
1. IS: 209 / ISO/R/752 Specification for Zinc ingot.
ASTM B 6
2. IS: 269 33 grade ordinary Portland cement
3. IS: 278 / ASTM A 121 Specification for barbed wire.
4. IS: 383 Coarse and fine aggregates from natural
sources for Concrete.
5. IS: 398 (PT – II & PT –V) Aluminium conductors, galvanized Steel
reinforced.
6. IS: 455 Portland slag cement.
7. IS: 456 Code of practice for plain and reinforced
concrete.
8. IS: 800 / CSAS 16.I Code of practice for general construction in
steel.
9. IS: 802 (PT-I/Sec-1) Code of practice for use of structural steel in
ASCE 52 IEC 826 overhead transmission line towers – Loads and
permissible stresses.
10. IS: 802 (PT-I/Sec-2 )/ BS 8100 Code of practice for use of structural steel in
overhead transmission line towers materials,
loads and permissible stresses.
11. IS: 802 (PT – II)/ ASCE 52 Fabrication, galvanizing, inspection and
packing.
12. IS: 802 (PT- III)/ ASCE 52/ IEC 652 Use of structural steel in overhead
transmission line towers - Testing.
13. IS: 808 Specification for dimension for hot rolled steel
beams, columns, channels and angle section.
14. IS: 875 (Part- I, II, III & V) Code of practice for design loads (other than
earthquake) for building and structure.

Page 3 of 46
15. IS: 1080 Code of practice for design and construction
of shallow foundation on soils (other than raft,
ring and shell).
16. IS: 1340 Code of practice for chromate conversion
coating on zinc and cadmium coated article
and zinc base alloy.
17. IS: 1060(PT-I & PT-III) Hexagonal head bolts, screw and nuts of
prudent grace C; (size range M 5 to M 64).
18. IS: 1363 Technical supply condition for threaded steel
fasteners mechanical properties and test
methods for set screws and similar threaded
fasteners not under tensile stresses
19. IS: 1573 Electro plated coatings of Zinc on Iron and
steel.
20. IS: 1786 High strength deformed steel bars and wires
for concrete reinforcement.
21. IS: 1892 Code of practice for subsurface investigations
for foundations.
22. IS: 1893, IEEE 693 Criteria for earthquake resistant design of
structure.
23. IS: 1904 Code of practice for design & construction of
foundation in soil: General requirements.
24. IS: 2016 / ISO / R / 887 Plain washers.
ANSI B 18 – 22.1
25. IS: 2062 Steel for general structural purposes.
26. IS: 2121 Fittings for aluminium and steel core
aluminium conductor for overhead power
lines.
27. IS: 2121 (PT-I) Conductors and earth wire accessories for
overhead power lines: Armour rods, binding
wires and tapes for conductor.
28. IS: 2121 (PT – II) - Do –: Mid span joints and repair sleeves for
conductor.
29. IS: 2121 (PT – III) - Do - : accessories for earthwire.
30. IS: 2131 ASTM D 1586 Method of Standard Penetration Test for soils.
31. IS: 2486 (PT – I ) Metal fittings of insulators for overhead power
lines with a nominal voltage greater than
1000 V : General requirement and tests.
32. IS: 2486 (PT- II) Insulator fittings for overhead power lines
with a nominal voltage greater than 1000V –
Dimensional requirements.
33. IS: 2486 (PT- III) - Do – Locking devices.
34. IS: 2486 (PT-IV) - Do – Test for locking devices.
35. IS: 2551 Danger Notice plates.
36. IS: 2629/ CSA G 164 Recommended practice for hot- dip
galvanizing of
ASTM A 123 iron and steel.
37. IS: 2633 / GSA G164 Method for testing uniformity of coating of
Zinc
ASTM A 123 coated articles.

Page 4 of 46
38. IS: 2911 (PT-I / Sec. 2) Code of practice for design and construction
of pile foundation: Concrete Piles – Board
cast –in-situ pile.
39. IS: 2911 (PT- IV) - Do - : Load test on piles.
40. IS: 3043 Code of practice for Earthing.
41. IS: 3063 Fasteners – Single coil rectangular
section spring
DIM – 127 washers.
42. IS: 3502 Steel chequered plate.
43. IS: 3757 High strength structural bolts.
44. IS: 3764 Excavation work – Code of safety.
45. IS: 4000 High strength bolts in steel structure.
46. IS: 4091 Code of practice for design and construction
of foundations for transmission line towers
and poles.
47. IS: 4759 Hot dip zinc coating on structural steel and
other allied products.
48. IS: 4826 Hot dipped galvanized coating on round steel
wires.
49. IS: 5613 (PT –II/ Sec-1) Code of practice for design, installation and
ASCE 52 maintenance of Over head power lines: Lines
above 11 KV and up to and including 220 KV design.
50. IS: 5613 (PT- II / Sec -2) - Do - : Installation and maintenance.
ASCE 52
51. IS: 5613 (PT- III / Sec- 1) - Do - : 400 KV lines – Design.
ASCE 52
52. IS: 5613 (PT-III /Sec-2) -Do- : 400 KV lines – Installation and
maintenance.
ASCE 52
53. IS: 5624 Foundation bolts.
54. IS: 6403 Code of practice for determination of bearing
capacity of shallow Foundation
55. IS: 6610 Heavy washers for steel structures.
56. IS: 6639/ ASTM A394 Hexagonal bolt for steel structure.
CSA B 33.4
57. IS: 6745/ ASTM Methods for determination of mass of zinc
coating on zinc coated iron and steel articles.
58. IS: 6649 Hardened and tampered washers for high
strength structural bolts and nuts.
59. IS: 8009 (PT-I & PT-II) Code of practice for calculation of settlement
of foundations.
60. IS: 8500 Structural steel – micro-alloyed (Medium &
High strength qualities)
61. IS: 9708 Stockbridge vibration dampers for overhead
power lines.
62. IS: 10238 Step bolts for steel structures.
63. IS: 10262 Recommended guide line for concrete mix
design.
64. IS: 12427 Transmission Tower bolts.
65. Publication No. 19 (N) / 700 -1963 Regulation for electrical clearance.
66. Indian Electrical Rules. 1956 / latest edition.

Page 5 of 46
 67. CBIP Manual: 268.
68. IRC 5 (Section – I)
69. IRC 6 (Section – II)
70. IRC 78 (Section – VII)

1.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS:

The climatic conditions and other related data are given below:

Maximum Temperature : 500 C

Minimum Temperature : 40 C
Average Temperature : 320 C
Relative humidity :
Maximum : 100 %
Minimum : 50 %
Average rainfall per annum : 2000 mm
Average No. of thunderstorm days per annum: 75
Snow fall : Nil
Basic wind speed (wind zone V) : 50 M/sec

All the materials offered shall be suitable for satisfactory operation in the aforesaid tropical
climate.

1.4 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF LINE AND LINE MATERIAL :

1.4.1. Electrical system data : 220KV

Rated system voltage (KV) : 220
Maximum system voltage (KV) : 245
System Groundings : Effectively Earthed
BIL (Impulse) (KVP) : 1050
Frequency (Hz) : 50
Power frequency withstand voltage (KV rms) : 460
Electro- Mechanical strength (KN) :
Suspension Insulator String : 70
Tension Insulator String : 120
No. of units in complete string :
Double/Single „I„ Suspension Insulator string (No.) : 2X14/14
Double /Single Tension Insulator string (No.) : 2X15/15
Min. Creepage Distance of each Disc (mm) : 320
Ball Diameter (mm)
Suspension : 16
Tension : 20
Total creepage distance of Disc (mm) :
i) for suspension insulator string : 4060
ii) for tension insulator string : 4350

1.4.2. Conductors and Earth wire: (220 KV)

220 KV lines shall be strung with ACSR („ZEBRA‟) conductor and earth wire, the properties
of which are given hereunder:

Page 6 of 46
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sl. Particulars Conductor Earthwire OPGW
No.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. (a) Type 260 sq. mm. cu. eq. 7/3.15mm( 110kgf/sq.mm.)
ACSR galvanized steel Optical Fiber
(b) Code Name ZEBRA -
2. Stranding and wire diameter
a) Aluminium area 54/3.18 mm -
b) Steel 7/3.18 mm 7/3.15 mm
c) Nominal Aluminium area 418.60 sq.mm -
d) Overall diameter 28.62 mm 9.45 mm 11.70 mm
e) Total sectional area 482.80 sq.mm 54.57 sq.mm 72.00 sq.mm
f) Non greased weight 1621 kg/ km 428 kg/ km 428kg/ km
g) Ultimate tensile strength 13316kgf 5710kgf 6472.987Kgf
(UTS – min.)
h) Modulus of elasticity 0.686x106kg/sq.cm 1.933x106kg/sq.cm 1.321783x106kg/sq.cm
i) Min. weight of zinc coating 260 gm./sq. m 260 gm. / sq. m
j) Calculated D.C. Resistance 0.06868 Ohm / km 2.95 Ohm / km
at 200C
k) Coeff. of linear expansion 19.33x 10-6 /0C 11.5x10-6/0C 14.0x10-/0C
l) No. of Ground wire one one

Composite fiber optic groundwire (24F OPGW) of same or equivalent mechanical and
electrical properties like above stated OPGW earthwire is to be provided, wherever
necessary, to suit with already designed towers to be used in this package.

1.4.3. INSULATOR STRINGS:

For the purpose of tower design the following data of complete string shall be adopted.
Double suspension and/or double tension string shall be used at important locations, i.e. river
crossing, power line crossing, important road x-ing, N.H. x-ing etc. may be finalized after approved
survey work:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Particulars Single suspension Double suspension Single Tension Double Tension.
220 220 220 220
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Length of insulator
String up to conductor
attachment point (mm)
Max. 2415 2710 2820 3235

Min. 2275 2570 2675 3075

1.4.3.1 For the purpose of tower design the Insulator String data are enclosed herewith for reference.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 7 of 46
Sl. Particulars Single Double Single Double Single
No. Suspension Suspension Tension Tension Suspension
(I) string (I) string String String Pilot string

220 220 220 220 220

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. No. of standard
Discs per string 14 2X14 15 2x15 14

2. Size of disc in mm 255 x145 255 x145 255 x145 255 x145 255x145

3. Electromechanical
Failing load of each
Constituent string
In KN 70 2 X 70 120 2 X 120 70

4. Minimum creepage
Distance of each
Disc in mm 320 320 320 320 320

5. Pollution level Heavy

6. Diameter of Ball
And Socket (mm) 16 16 20 20 16

1.5 SAG – TENSION:

The tower shall be utilized and spotted as per approved sag-tension and tower spotting data of the
purchaser.

1.5.1 CONDUCTOR/ GROUND WIRE TENSION LIMITS:

The Conductor / Ground wire tension at every day temperature and without external load should
not exceed the following percentage of the ultimate strength of the conductor.

Initial unloaded tension 35 percent.

Final unloaded tension 25 percent.

Provided that the ultimate tension under every day temperature (320C) and 100% design wind
pressure, or minimum temperature (40C) and 36% design wind pressure does not exceed 70% of
the ultimate tensile strength of the conductor /Ground wire or the values given in the approved
sag-tension of the purchaser.

1.6 STRUCTURAL STEEL AND FASTENER:

1.6.1 Structural steel shall conform to IS: 2062(latest edition/amendment) Mild Steel of E250 Grade-A
for M.S. steel and E350 for HT steel. Bolts shall be of property class 5.6 conforming to IS: 12427
and nuts of property class 5 conforming to IS: 14394. Plain washers shall conform to IS: 2016
with thickness as required based on connection details and shall be hot-dip galvanized as per
Page 8 of 46
 service grade 4 of IS: 4759. Spring washers shall conform to type B of IS: 3063 and shall be
electro-galvanized as per service grade 3 of IS: 1573.

1.7 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES:

1.7.1 Ground Clearance:

At maximum sag conditions i.e., at maximum temperature still air, the minimum ground clearance
from the bottom conductor shall not be less than 7.0 metre. For maintaining the above clearance,
height of the tower shall be adjusted as stated below:

An allowance of 4% of the maximum sag shall be provided to account for minor undulations in
the terrains and errors in stringing.

Conductor Creep shall be compensated by over-tensioning the conductor at a temperature of 180C

for 220KV lower than the stringing temperature.

1.7.2 MINIMUM ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES:

A) MINIMUM ELECTRICAL CLEARANCES FROM LIVE CONDUCTOR TO EARTHED

METAL PARTS (mm):

Line Voltage Suspension Insulator String Tension Insulator String Jumper

in KV Swing in degree Swing in degree Swing
in degree
„I‟
o o
0 15 30o 45o 00 0o 10o 20o
````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
220 KV 2130 1980 1830 1675 2130 2130 2130 1675

```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
Note: The design of tower shall be such that, it should satisfy all the above conditions when clearances
are measured from any live point of the strings. In case of pilot insulator strings, the angle of swing
of the pilot shall be considered as 150.

B) MID SPAN CLEARANCE:

The minimum vertical mid span clearance, between the earth wire and the nearest power conductor
shall not be less than 8.5 metre, which shall mean the vertical clearance between earth wire and the
nearest conductor under all temperature and still air condition in the design ruling span. Further, the
tension of the earth wire and power conductors shall be so coordinated that the sag of the earth wire
shall be at least 10% less than that of power conductor under all temperatures and loading
condition.

C) SHIELD ANGLE:

For normal tower - 300

For special tower, the shield angle shall be 200

1.8 DRAWING AND BILL OF MATERIALS:

Page 9 of 46
 Soft copy of the structural drawings, shop floor drawings where available and B.O.M of different
types of towers shall be supplied by the purchaser. The contractor shall develop detailed structural
drawings and B.O.M. of individual tower and submit the hard copies for approval of the purchaser
for the concerned project. The contractor shall arrange for proto inspection of the tower / tower
structure if the same was not done by them earlier. After proto inspection the vendor shall submit
proto corrected drawings and B.O.M. for approval of the purchaser. Mass production shall be taken
up by the vendor for the structures only after getting final „A‟ category approval of the drawings
and B.O.M.

Soft copy of structural drawings, shop floor drawings and B.O.M. of each type of tower / tower
structure for which proto inspection has been carried out shall be submitted by the vendor, which
will be the property of the purchaser. The purchaser reserves the right to reuse the same in its any
future transmission lines without any further reference and additional charges to the contractor for
such reuse.

1.9 CROSSING:

POWER LINE CROSSING:

Major power line of voltage up to and above 400KV shall be crossed over by gantry structures or
angle towers with suitable extension (with double tension „I‟ strings). The minimum clearance
between the lines shall be as per IS: 5613. The crossing angle shall be preferably at right angle.

RIVER CROSSING:

Crossing spans and type of tower will be finalized after the check survey is completed,

(i) In case of important river crossing, the tower shall be suspension type with double suspension
„I‟ strings and adjacent towers (anchor towers) on either side of the river crossing span shall
be standard tension tower (dead end) with double tension string.

(ii) In case of small river crossing span, double suspension / tension string insulator shall be
used for the river crossing towers.

ROAD CROSSING:

Tension tower with double tension string (with or without extension to maintain ground clearance)
shall be used for important Road Crossing at a reduced span of 250 metre. The crossing shall
preferably be at right angle. The minimum ground clearance shall be as stipulated in the I.E. rules /
Standards.

RAILWAY TRACK CROSSING:

Railway tracks should be crossed over by providing large angle tower on each side. The crossing
towers shall be provided with double tension strings.
The clearance over the rail tracks shall be as stipulated in the regulations for electrical crossing of
Railway tracks – latest amendment of Chapter-I, Schedule I of SOD 2004 BG vide Railway
Board‟s letter no. 2011/CEDO/SD/IRSOD/Elect./02 dt. 14.03.2012 shall be followed.

Page 10 of 46
CHAPTER-2

LINE SURVEY

2.0 SURVEY: (Detailed & Check survey including Estimating of quantities for
different items of work & spotting of towers etc.)

2.1 Route alignment/s in respect of the proposed transmission line/s have been fixed
by the purchaser subject to alteration of the alignment due to way leave or other
unavoidable constraints, as will be approved by the purchaser.

2.2 The quantities of different types of towers furnished in the schedule are
provisional and likely to vary. The quantities of different items of work to be
executed against this contract shall entirely depend on check survey (to be
conducted by the successful bidder) finally approved by the purchaser.

2.3 The contractor shall undertake the check survey work on the basis of the
detailed survey done by the purchaser. If during survey necessity arises for
substantial change in route to eliminate way leave or other unavoidable
constraints, the contractor may change the said alignment after obtaining
approval from the purchaser. While proposing the alternative route, the
following points shall be taken care of by the contractor.

a) The line is as near as possible to the available Roads in the area.

b) The route is straight and short as far as possible.

c) Good farming areas, religious places, forest, civil and defence installations,
aerodromes, public and private premises, ponds, tanks, lakes, gardens and
plantations are avoided as far as practicable.

d) Cost of securing and clearing right of way, making approach road and time
required for these jobs are to be made as minimum as possible.

e) The line is away from Telecommunication lines as far as reasonably possible.

Parallelism with these lines shall be avoided as far as practicable.

f) Crossings with permanent objects are to be made minimum, but where

unavoidable crossing shall preferably be at right angles.

g) Difficult and unsafe approaches are avoided.

h) The check survey shall be conducted along the approved alignment only in
accordance with IS-5613 (Part-II/Section-2) (as amended up to-date).

After completing the check survey and detailed survey where necessary, the
contractor shall submit the final profile and tower schedule for approval of the
purchaser. The final profile and tower schedule shall incorporate position of all
towers and type of towers and extensions. To facilitate checking of the
alignment suitable reference marks shall be provided. For this purpose, concrete

Page 11 of 46
 pillars of suitable sizes shall be planted at all angle locations and suitable
wooden/Iron pegs shall be driven firmly at the intermediate points.
2.4 The contractor, while carrying out the check survey, shall peg mark the tower
position on ground conforming to the survey charts. In the process, it is
necessary to have the pit centres marked according to the excavation marking
charts to be prepared by the contractor and approved by the purchaser. The
levels up or down of each pit centre with respect to the centre of the tower
location shall be noted and recorded for determining the volume of earth work
required to meet the design requirements. At the starting point of the route
survey, an angle iron spike shall be driven firmly into the ground leaving the top
a little above the ground level.

2.5 Only approved sag template shall be used for tower spotting and the final
profiles.

2.6 Profile spotting and tower spotting:

2.6.1 The profile shall be spotted and prepared to the scale 1 in 2,000 for horizontal
and 1 in 200 for vertical on squared (mm) tracing paper.

If somewhere the difference in levels be too high, the chart may be broken up
according to the requirements. A 10mm overlap shall be shown on each
following sheet. The chart shall progress from left to right for convenience in
handling. The sheet size may be conveniently chosen.

2.6.2 With the help of sag template, final tower location shall be marked on the
profiles and while locating the tower on survey chart the following shall be kept
in mind:

a) The number of consecutive span between the section points shall not exceed 8
spans or 2.6KM whichever is less in case of straight run on a more or less plain
stretch.

b) Individual span shall be as near as to the normal design/ruling span.

2.6.3 In different crossings en-route the line, the contractor shall take into
consideration the prevailing regulations of the respective authorities before
finalizing type and location of the towers. While carrying out survey work, the
contractor has to collect all relevant data, prepare and submit drawings in
requisite number for obtaining clearance from the PTCC, Road, Aviation,
Railways, river and Forest authorities, as the case may be.

2.6.4 The contractor shall remain fully responsible for the correct alignment of the
line. If after erection, any tower is found to be out of alignment, the same shall
have to be dismantled and re-erected by the contractor at his own cost, risk and
responsibility.

2.6.5 After peg marking of the angle tower or tension towers, the contractor shall
obtain approval from the purchaser and there after pegging of suspension type
tower shall be done by the contractor. Pegging of all the four legs of each type
of towers at all the locations shall be done thereafter.

Page 12 of 46
2.7 Schedule of materials:

2.7.1 When the survey is approved, the contractor shall submit to the purchaser a
complete detail schedule of all materials to be used in the line. Size and length
of conductor etc. are also to be given in the list. This is required for office
record and ready reference.

2.8 Right of way:

(a) Any right of way, which may be required by the contractor for execution
of transmission line, shall be arranged by him. The approval from Civil
Authority, P&T Authority and other Agency / Government as required
shall be arranged by the contractor. Obtaining approval of above proposals
is the contractor‟s responsibility. However, WBSETCL shall provide
necessary assistance in obtaining aforesaid clearance from Government
authorities.

(b) For obtaining clearance for Road, Railway, Power line crossing and PTCC
clearance, the contractor shall be responsible for preparation and
submission of requisite proposals following the standard norms of the
appropriate authorities at appropriate time and follow up with the
concerned department till approval for execution within the scheduled
time. However, the requisite charges to the concerned department will be
paid directly by the Purchaser at actual.

(c) Identification and demarcation of defense, airport areas, forest land etc. and
plotting, preparation of proposals with necessary drawings/schedules is the
responsibility of the contractor. Submission of such proposals to the State
Govt. / Central Govt. departments shall be routed through the controlling
officer. The felling down of the trees in the forest shall be done by the
contractor at his cost. However, the necessary charges i.r.o forest land /
forest clearance will be paid directly by the Purchaser to the concerned
authorities.

(d) Access roads to the work site shall be arranged by the contractor at his own
cost. All necessary compensation in this respect shall be borne by the
contractor.

(e) Cost of Right of Way compensation for land, structure, hutment, trees,
crops etc. (Except Government forest) as required for arranging corridor
and execution of the line shall be paid by the contractor.

(f) Cost of Right of Way for execution of the line as stated above shall be
assessed by the contractor before quoting price. Such costs shall be loaded
in the item of works covered in the Erection Price Schedule only.

(g) The contractor shall be responsible for all contractual liabilities which
include financial, legal and administrative problem as required in solving
R.O.W. during execution of the lines.

Page 13 of 46
2.9 SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATION:

The contractor shall undertake the sub-soil investigation job en route the
proposed line/s for a minimum of 25% of the total tower locations in
consultation with the EIC, to obtain required soil data for design of suitable
foundation when soil investigation reports shall not be supplied by the
purchaser.

Scope of Work:

The scope of subsoil investigation covers execution of complete soil exploration

and soil resistivity test for the transmission line including boring, drilling,
collection of undisturbed soil sample where possible, otherwise disturbed
samples, conducting laboratory test of soil samples to find out the various
parameters as detailed in this Specification and submission of detailed reports in
6 copies along with recommendation regarding suitable type of foundation for
each bore hole along with recommendation for soil improvement where
necessary.
Qualifying requirements of soil consultants:

The soil consultants shall provide satisfactory evidences concerning the

following as and when asked for:

That, he/they has/have adequate technical knowledge and previous practical

experience in carrying out complete soil investigation jobs in any kind of soil.

That, he/they has/have well equipped, modernized soil testing laboratory of

his/their own. If asked for by the purchaser the contractor shall arrange
inspection of such laboratory of the soil consultant by the representative of the
purchaser.

If in the opinion of the purchaser the soil consultant (proposed by the

contractor) is not well equipped or capable to undertake the subsoil
investigation job relating to this contract, such soil consultant shall not be
engaged to undertake the job. In that case they shall have to engage other
agency as will be approved by the purchaser.

Test Boring:

The boring shall be done at the locations as will be found necessary in

consideration of superficial field observation, at special tower and anchor tower
location of crossings and at about 20% (twenty percent) of the balance tower
locations to represent more or less the total stretch of the line. However, such
location for subsoil investigation shall be selected and finalized in consultation
with the Employer/Engineer-in-Charge.

The test boring through different layers of all kinds of soil shall have to be
carried out by the contractor through the approved soil consultant as briefed
hereunder.

Page 14 of 46
a) Method of boring, selection of sampling tubes, sampling, recording of boring,
protection, handling labeling of samples shall be done as specified in IS:1892
with latest revision, if any, after obtaining approval from the Engineer-in-
Charge. The contractor/consultant shall furnish in the soil report in details the
equipment and method of boring actually adopted.

b) i) Depth of boring below ground level shall be 10M only unless continuous
bedrock is encountered earlier. In case rock is encountered at any depth within
10M, adequate study of rock and assessment of strength characteristics shall be
done and recommendation shall be given.

ii) Depending on the detailed survey report, the successful bidder has also to
undertake soil investigation upto 40 M depth at special tower locations like
River crossing or at location as may be required as per site conditions in
consultations with the purchaser.

c) Undisturbed soil samples shall be obtained for the initial 4M depth at every
1.5M interval and/or at change of strata. After this initial 4M depth, samples
shall be obtained preferably at every 3M or where there is a change of strata.

d) In case collection of undisturbed samples becomes difficult/ impossible detailed

soil testing on re-moulded soil sample is to be considered and reported in the
soil report.

e) Standard penetration test as per IS: 2131 shall have to be conducted in different
strata and recorded properly.

f) The ground water level shall be recorded during boring operation and
incorporated in the bore log. The position of the water level just after monsoon
period be ascertained from local people and indicated in the report.

SOIL RESISTIVITY TEST:

Soil resistivity test shall be conducted along the direction of line throughout
length once in every 3 Kilometres. By four-electrode method keeping the
electrode spacing 50 metre and submit a comprehensive report to the purchaser.
The testing shall be done as per IS: 3043.

Laboratory tests of soil samples:

The method and procedure of testing of soil sample to be followed shall be as

per IS codes. Adequate volume of test samples shall be collected from site.
Samples shall be properly sealed immediately after recovery as specified in
relevant IS code and transported carefully to laboratory for carrying out
necessary laboratory tests to find out the following parameters of every sample.
Data and time of taking of the sample be recorded in the test report.

a) Natural Moisture Content, Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index,
shrinkage limit etc.
b) Bulk, Dry and Buoyant Density, relative density etc.
c) Void Ratio (e-log P curve shall be submitted).

Page 15 of 46
d) Specific Gravity.
e) Grain size Distribution (Sieve Analysis and Hydrometer Analysis)
f) Triaxial and consolidation Test (consolidated undrained and consolidated
drained as and when applicable). The result shall be represented in Tables,
Graphs and Drawings.
g) Laboratory Permeability Test.
h) Chemical tests. For both water and soil samples at different layers.
i) Evaluation of Bearing Capacity at different strata for square footings shall be
done for 25mm settlement.

i) At depths from 3M to 10M for different strata.

ii) Factor of safety shall be considered as 2.5 for evaluation of safe bearing
capacity of soil.

j) Unconfined compression test for cohesive soil (phi=O Degree) if encountered.

k) Evaluation of swelling pressure, if any.

Submission of complete soil Investigation Report:

The contractor/soil consultant shall submit a comprehensive report along with

graphs, curves and drawings etc. prepared by the consultant on the basis of the
field data and laboratory test results. The soil consultant shall also give specific
recommendation of deep foundation (Bored pile of uniform diameters) where
considered to be necessary with size, shape and length of pile etc. for such
locations.

The report shall contain specific recommendation regarding type of foundation

to be adopted for each borehole including type of soil improvement for very
weak soil.

The report shall contain the following:

a) Reference to Order No. and name of the Scheme.

b) Record of boring as per Appendix-D (Clause 6.5.1) of IS 1892.
c) Lay out plan showing the locations of bore holes with reference to fixed objects
along the alignment vis-a-vis, the tower location numbers.
d) Date and time of taking soil sample for the individual bore holes.
e) Date of laboratory tests for all the soil samples.
f) Special recommendation and observation, if any.

The purchaser reserves the right to carry out separate soil investigation at his
cost by engaging a separate agency for cross-checking the result obtained by the
contractor.
In case the results are at variance the soil parameters to be adopted for final
design will be at the sole discretion of the Purchaser and such decision will be
binding upon the contractor.

Codes and Standards for Geotechnical Investigations:

Page 16 of 46
All standards, specifications and codes of practice referred to herein shall be the
latest editions including all applicable official amendments and revisions. In
case of conflict between the present specifications and those referred to herein,
the former shall prevail.
Internationally accepted standards, which ensure equal or higher performance
than those specified shall also be accepted.
All work shall be carried out in accordance with the following Indian Standards
and codes:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Indian
Standards Title
(IS)
-----------------------------------------------------------------
IS: 1498-1992 Classification and Identification of Soils for General
Engineering Purposes.
IS: 1892-1992 Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for
Foundation.

IS: 1904-1986 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of

Foundation in Soils : General Requirements.

IS: 2131-1992 Method of Standard Penetration Test for Soils.

IS: 2132-1992 Code of Practice for Thin Walled Tube Sampling of

Soils.

IS: 2720-1992 Method of Test for Soils (Relevant Parts).

IS: 2809-1991 Glossary of Terms and Symbols Relating to Soil

Engineering.

IS: 3025 Methods of Sampling and Testing (Physical and

Chemical) for Water Used in Industry.

IS: 4078-1990 Code of Practice for Indexing and Storage of Drill Cores.

IS: 4434-1992 Code of Practice for In-situ Vane Shear Test for Soils.

IS: 4453-1992 Code of Practice for Exploration by Pits, Trenches, Drifts

and Shafts.

IS: 4464-1990 Code of Practice for Presentation of Drilling Information

and Core Description in Foundation investigation.

IS:4968(Part-II) Method for Subsurface Sounding for Soils, Dynamic

-1992 Method Using Cone and Bentonite Slurry.

IS: 5313-1989 Guide for Core Drilling Observations.

IS: 6403-1990 Code of Practice for Determination of Allowable Bearing

Pressure on Shallow Foundation.

Page 17 of 46
IS: 6935-1989 Method of Determination of Water Level in a Bore Hole.

IS: 7422-1990 Symbols and Abbreviations for Use in Geological Maps,

Sections and Subsurface Exploratory Logs (Relevant
Parts).

IS: 8009(Part-I) Code of Practice for Calculation of Settlements – 1993

of Foundations(Shallow Foundations Subjected to
Symmetrical Vertical Loads).

IS: 9259-1992 Specification for Liquid Limit Apparatus.

IS: 9640-1992 Specification for Split Spoon Sampler.

IS: 3043 Code of practice for Earthing.

Page 18 of 46
CHAPTER – 3
INSPECTION OF TOWER MATERIALS

3.1 INSPECTION:

3.1.1 a) The contractor shall keep the purchaser informed in advance of the time of starting and of the
progress of manufacture and fabrication of various tower parts at various stages so that
arrangements could be made for inspection.

b) The acceptance of any batch of items shall in no way relieve the contractor of any of his
responsibilities for meeting all the requirements of the specification and shall not prevent
subsequent rejection if any item of that batch is later found defective.

3.1.2 The purchaser or his representative shall have free access at all reasonable times to those parts of
the manufacturer‟s works where the towers for these lines are being fabricated and shall extended
all reasonable facilities for satisfying himself that the fabrications being done in accordance with
the provisions of this specification.

3.1.3 Unless specified otherwise, inspection shall be made at place of manufacture prior to dispatch and
shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the work.

3.1.4 Should any member of the structure be found not to comply with the approved design, it shall be
liable to rejection. No member once rejected shall be resubmitted for inspection except in cases
where the purchaser or his authorized representative considers the defect as rectifiable.

3.1.5 Defects which may appear during fabrication shall be made good with the consent of and according
to the procedure laid down by the purchaser.

3.1.6 All gauges and templates necessary to satisfy the purchaser shall be supplied by the manufacturer.

3.1.7 The correct grade and quality of steel shall be used by the manufacturer. To ascertain the quality of
steel used, the inspector may at his discretion, get the material tested at an approved laboratory.

3.2 PACKING:

3.2.1 Angle sections shall be wire bundled.

3.2.2 Cleat angles, gusset plates, brackets, fillet plate, hanger and similar loose pieces shall be nested and
bolted together in multiples of securely wired together through holes.

3.2.3 Bolts, nuts, washers and other attachments shall be packed in double gunny bags accurately tagged
in accordance with the contents.

3.2.4 The packing shall avoid losses/ damages during transit. Each bundle or package shall be
appropriately marked.

Page 19 of 46
CHAPTER – 4
TRANSMISSION TOWERS

4.0 TRANSMISSION TOWERS:

4.1 TYPE OF TOWERS:

4.1.1. DOUBLE / MULTI CIRCUIT TOWERS:

The line shall be constructed on Double / Multi circuit type square based, self- supporting latticed
galvanized steel towers designed to carry the line conductors with the necessary insulator, earth
wire and fittings under different loading conditions. Each phase shall constitute single ACSR
„Zebra‟ conductor in vertical formation. Single earth wire shall be provided over the conductors
offering effective shielding. The towers shall consist of mild structural steel section and be fully
galvanized. For connection, hexagonal round head bolts and nuts with washers shall be used. Nuts
and bolts shall be galvanized and washers shall be electro galvanized as per IS: 1367 (PT-XIII) and
IS: 1573.

4.1.2. The following types of towers shall be used:

„T4‟ type M/C Suspension towers (00 to 20) angle to be used for straight runs only but shall be
designed considering 20 angle deviation at design ruling span.

„ST4‟ type M/C (00 to 150) small angle and section towers to be used for line deviation more than 00
and up to 150 with design ruling span and also for longer span with smaller deviation angles.

„MT4‟ type M/C (150 to 300 ) medium angle and section towers to be used for line deviation more
than 150 and up to 300 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with smaller deviation
angles . These towers shall be used as section towers.

„LT4‟ type M/C (300 to 600) large angle and dead-end towers to be used for line deviation of more
than 300 and up to 600 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with smaller deviation
angles. This tower may also be used as terminal dead-end tower with provision of 150 line deviation
on both sub-station and line side.

„T2‟ D/C (IDA-IV) type Suspension towers (00 to 20) angle to be used for straight runs only but
shall be designed considering 20 angle deviation at design ruling span.

„ST2‟ D/C (IDA-IV) type ( 00 to 150 ) small angle and section towers to be used for line deviation
more than 00 and up to 150 with design ruling span and also for longer span with smaller deviation
angles.

„MT2‟ D/C (IDA-IV) type ( 150 to 300 ) medium angle and section towers to be used for line
deviation more than 150 and up to 300 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with
smaller deviation angles . These towers shall be used as section towers.

„LT2‟ D/C (IDA-IV) type (300 to 600) large angle and dead-end towers to be used for line deviation
of more than 300 and up to 600 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with smaller
deviation angles. This tower may also be used as terminal dead-end tower with provision of 150 line

Page 20 of 46
 deviation on both sub-station and line side. These towers shall also be used as Anchor towers with
provision of anchor span of 250metres with maximum of 150 line deviation to the line side.

„DA‟ D/C (JBIC) type Suspension towers (00 to 20) angle to be used for straight runs only but shall
be designed considering 20 angle deviation at design ruling span.

„DB‟ D/C (JBIC) type ( 00 to 150 ) small angle and section towers to be used for line deviation
more than 00 and up to 150 with design ruling span and also for longer span with smaller deviation
angles.

„DC‟ D/C (JBIC) type ( 150 to 300 ) medium angle and section towers to be used for line deviation
more than 150 and up to 300 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with smaller
deviation angles . These towers shall be used as section towers.

„DD‟ D/C (JBIC) type (300 to 600) large angle and dead-end towers to be used for line deviation of
more than 300 and up to 600 with design ruling span and also for longer spans with smaller
deviation angles. This tower may also be used as terminal dead-end tower with provision of 150 line
deviation on both sub-station and line side. These towers shall also be used as Anchor towers with
provision of anchor span of 250 metres with maximum of 150 line deviation to the line side.

Note: - Any other tower/tower structure not covered under the above nomenclatures shall be
treated as special structures and payment of those structures in part (e.g. for auxiliary x-arm,
extended stub etc.) for the additional weight over the standard weight) shall be made on MT basis
as per rate quoted or analyzed from rate quoted in nos. for fabricated members and nuts & bolts in
the Price Schedule of both supply and erection.

In addition to above, towers which are subjected to weight spans both maximum and minimum
beyond the specified limits shall have to be reinforced by strengthening the cross arm members,
bracing members etc. For such cases the additional weight of the reinforced members along with
nuts & bolts shall be paid on per Metric Ton basis as per Schedule of Prices for normal towers in
both supply and erection.

4.1.3. However, Drawing No.TT-1259/1316 indicating salient features of 220 KV Double/Multi Circuit
Towers - Suspension tower (‟DA‟/‟T2‟)/‟T4‟, Small deviation angle tower („DB‟/‟ST2‟)/‟ST4‟,
Medium deviation angle tower („DC‟/‟MT2‟)/‟MT4‟ and large deviation angle tower
(„DD‟/‟LT2‟)/‟LT4‟ tower containing weight of superstructure of normal, +3M, +6M, +9M, +12M,
+15M,+18M and +25M extension including weight of nuts and bolts and low height gantry
structure including nuts and bolts are furnished in tender specification to facilitate for quoting of
rates.

4.1.4. SPECIAL TOWERS:

Special towers in addition to the said standard towers and extension thereof may be required for
river crossing, power line crossing and space scarcity depending upon the check survey. The
contractor shall undertake development of B.O.M., shop drawings, proto etc. for such special
towers also, if required. The bidder shall quote separate rates on per MT basis for supply, erection
etc. for such special and/or truncated towers.

4.2 DESIGN SPAN:

Design Ruling Span
With + 6M body extension

Page 21 of 46
 For 220 KV M/C 300 M (with OPGW)
335M (with GSW)
For 220 KV D/C 315 M (IDA-IV) / 295M (JBIC) (with OPGW)
335M (IDA-IV) / 320M (JBIC) (with GSW)

4.2.1. WIND SPAN AND WEIGHT SPAN:

Wind Span:
Normal Condition Broken wire Condition
````````````````````````````
```````````````````````````````````
For 220 KV M/C (with OPGW) 300 M 180 M
For 220 KV M/C (with GSW) 335 M 201 M
For 220 KV D/C (IDA-IV) (with OPGW) 315 M 189 M
For 220 KV D/C (IDA-IV) (with GSW) 335 M 201 M
For 220 KV D/C (JBIC) (with OPGW) 295 M 177 M
For 220 KV D/C (JBIC) (with GSW) 320 M 192 M

Weight Span:

Tower Type Normal Condition Broken wire Condition

```````````````````` ```````````````````````````` ````````````````````````````````
Max. (M) Min. (M) Max. (M) Min. (M)
````````````````` ````````````` ``````````````` `````````````
220 KV M/C (with OPGW)

T4 450 160 270 80

ST4 450 0 270 0
MT4 450 0 270 -100
LT4 450 0 270 -150

220 KV M/C (with GSW)

T4 500 160 300 80

ST4 500 0 300 0
MT4 500 0 300 -100
LT4 500 0 300 -150

220 KV D/C (IDA-IV) (with OPGW)

T2 470 160 280 80

ST2 470 0 280 0
MT2 470 0 280 0
LT2 470 0 280 -100

220 KV D/C (IDA-IV) (with GSW)

T2 500 160 300 80

ST2 500 0 300 0

Page 22 of 46
 MT2 500 0 300 0
LT2 500 0 300 -100

220 KV D/C (JBIC) (with OPGW)

DA 440 160 260 80

DB 440 0 260 0
DC 440 0 260 -100
DD 440 0 260 -150

220 KV D/C (JBIC) (with GSW)

DA 480 160 288 80

DB 480 0 288 0
DC 480 0 288 -100
DD 480 0 288 -150

4.3 EXTENSIONS:

The towers up to +6M body extension are designed for ruling design span and suitable for adding
+3Metres and +6Metres extension for “T4”, “ST4”, “MT4”, “LT4”, “T2”, “ST2”, “MT2”, “LT2”,
“DA”, “DB”, “DC” and “DD” in general. Body extensions of + 12M, +15M, +18M and +25M
extension for M/C “LT4” type, +9M and +12M extension for D/C “LT2” type and +12M, +18M,
+25M extension of D/C „DD‟ type with reduced span of 250M may also be necessary for Railway /
Power Line crossings etc.

4.4 GRADE OF STEEL:

For design of towers preferably rationalized steel section of steel grade conforming to IS: 2062
(latest amendment) - E250 Grade A for M.S. steel and E350 for HT steel shall be used. Steel
sections used in the fabrication of tower members shall be procured either from the main producers
like SAIL/RINL/TISCO/IISCO or reputed re-rollers who use the billets of the main producers only
for production of rolled sections. While carrying out inspection of the finished products at the
premises of the bidder or their authorized fabricators, duly approved by WBSETCL in the particular
tender, relevant documents of purchase of sections directly from the main producers or purchase of
billets by the re-rollers from the main producers used for production of the materials of WBSETCL
for this project are to be shown and handed over to inspector of WBSETCL along with other test
reports. However, compliance of the above stipulation of using billets of the main producers or
sections procured directly from the main producers does not relieve the bidder of contractual
responsibility of maintaining proper quality of the materials. During execution of project, if any
particular member section is not available, the same shall be substituted by higher section at no
extra cost to the purchaser and the same shall be borne by the contractor. However, approval for
such substitution shall be obtained from the purchaser before substitution.

4.5 WORKMANSHIP OF TOWER FABRICATION:

4.5.1. Except where hereinafter changed, details of fabrication shall conform to the relevant clauses of the
IS: 802 (Part – II).

4.5.2. All parts of the towers shall be fabricated in accordance with the approved shop drawings.

Page 23 of 46
4.5.3. Towers shall be of bolted construction. Riveting or welding shall not be permitted unless otherwise
specified at any point.

4.5.4. Tower members, bolts, nuts, fittings shall be galvanized and spring washers shall be electro-
galvanized.

4.5.5. Butt splices shall be used and the inside angle and outside plate shall be designed to transmit the
load and the thickness of inside cleat angle shall not be less than half the thickness of the heavier
member connected plus 2mm. Lap splices may be used for connecting members of unequal size
and the inside angle of lap splices shall be rounded at the heel to fit the fillet of the outside angle.
All splices shall develop full stress in the member connected through bolts. Butt as well as lap
splices shall be made as above and as close to the main panel point as possible.

4.5.6. Joints shall be so designed and detailed so as to avoid eccentricity as far as possible. The use of
gusset plate for jointing tower members should be avoided as far as possible. However, where the
connections are such that the elimination of the gusset plates would result into eccentric joints,
gusset plates and spacer plates may be used in conformity with modern practices and thickness of
gusset plates required to transmit stress shall not be less than that of members connected.

4.5.7. The use of fillers in connections shall be avoided as far as possible. The diagonal members in
tension may be connected entirely to the gusset plate where necessary to avoid the use of fillers.
Each diagonal shall be in one place without splices or center gusset and it shall be connected at the
point of intersection by one or more bolts.

4.5.8. The tower structures shall be accurately fabricated to bolt together easily at site without any undue
strain on the tower members or in the bolts. Otherwise the tower or part of it shall be rejected.

4.5.9. No bolt holes shall be more than 1.5mm larger than the corresponding bolt diameter.

4.5.10. The structures shall be designed so that all parts shall be accessible for inspection and cleaning.
Drain holes shall be provided at all points where pockets or depressions are likely to hold water.

4.5.11. All similar parts shall be made strictly interchangeable ; all steel sections before any work is done
on them, shall be carefully leveled, straightened and made true to the detailed drawings by methods
which shall not injure the material so that when assembled the adjacent matching surfaces are in
close contact throughout.

4.5.12. No angle member shall have to leg flanges brought together by closing the angle. No rough edges
shall be permitted anywhere in the entire structure.

4.6 DRILLING AND PUNCHING:

4.6.1. All steel sections, before any cutting work is started, shall be carefully straightened and trued by the
pressure and not by hammering. They shall again be trued up after being punched and drilled.
Rough edges shall be removed and cut ends shall be flamed off.

4.6.2. Punched holes must be square with the plates and have their walls parallel. The following
maximum tolerance of accuracy of punched holes is permissible.

i) Holes must be perfectly circular and no tolerance in this respect is permissible.

Page 24 of 46
 ii) The maximum allowable difference in diameter of the holes on the two sides of plates or
angle shall not exceed one tenth of the thickness of the plate.

iii) Holes must be square with the plates or angles and slant holes will not be permissible.

4.6.3. All burrs left by drill or punch shall be removed completely. When the tower members are in
position, the holes shall be truly opposite to each other. Drilling or reaming enlarge defective holes
shall not be permitted.

4.7 FASTENERS BOLTS, NUTS AND WASHERS:

4.7.1 All bolts and nuts shall conform to IS: 12427 for property class 5.6 and to IS: 6639. All bolts and
nuts shall be galvanized and tested in accordance with IS: 2633 and shall have hexagonal heads
and nuts, the heads being forged out of the solid, truly concentric and square with the shank which
must be perfectly straight. 16mm dia. Bolts shall be used.

4.7.2. For the purpose of calculating the shear stress the gross area of bolt shall be taken as nominal area
of bolt and for bearing stress, the bolt area equal to the diameter of bolt multiplied by the thickness
of the thinnest parts joined. The net area of bolt in tension shall be taken as the area at the root of
the thread.

4.7.3. Fully threaded bolt shall not be used. The length of bolts shall be such that the threaded portion will
not extend into the plane of contact of the member.

4.7.4. All bolts shall be threaded to take the full depth of the nut and be threaded for enough to permit
firm gripping of the member, but no further. It shall be ensured that the threaded portion of each
bolt protruded not less than 3mm and not more than 8mm when fully tightened. All nuts shall fit
hand tight to the point where the shanks of the bolts connect to the head.

4.7.5. Flat and tapered washers shall be provided where necessary. Spring washers shall be provided for
insertion under all nuts. These washers shall be of steel electro-galvanized, positive lock type and
3.5mm in thickness for 16mm dia. bolt and 4mm in thickness for 20mm dia. bolt.

4.7.6. The contractor shall furnish bolt schedules giving thickness of members connected, the nut and the
washer and the length of shank and the threaded portion of bolts and sizes of holes and any other
special details of this nature.

4.7.7. To obviate bending stress in bolts or to reduce the same to a minimum, no bolt shall connect
aggregate thickness of more than three (3) times its diameter.

4.7.8. Bolts at the joints shall be so staggered that nuts may be tightened with spanners without fouling.

4.8 ERECTION WORK:

4.8.1. Each individual tower members shall carry an erection mark conforming to the component number
given to it in the fabrication drawings. This mark shall be marked with stamping dies of 16mm size
before galvanizing and shall be legible after galvanizing. The letters “T4”, “ST4”, “MT4”, “LT4” ,
“T2”, “ST2‟, “MT2”, “LT2”, “DA”, “DB”, “DC”, and “DD” indicating different types of towers
shall precede the erection mark as will be finalized by WBSETCL depending on the relevant line
name.

Page 25 of 46
4.9 GALVANIZING:

4.9.1. Fully galvanized towers shall be used for this line. Galvanizing of the members of the tower shall
conform to IS: 4759. The quality of zinc shall conform to IS: 209 and IS: 2629. For fasteners
galvanization shall conform to IS: 2629. The galvanizing shall be done after fabrication work is
completed except that the nuts may be tapped or re-run after galvanizing. Threads of bolts and nuts
shall have a neat fit and can be turned with finger throughout the length of the threads of bolts and
they shall be capable of developing full strength of bolt. Spring washers shall be electro-galvanized
as IS: 1573.

4.9.2. All galvanized material shall withstand tests as per IS: 2633

4.9.3. The stub angles and foundation cleat angles shall also be fully galvanized.

4.9.4. The contractor shall stack the fabricated steel members in separate piles member-wise and tower-
wise. These shall be stacked clear off the ground with their heels upwards in order to avoid
entrapping of water between the angle sections. The reinforcement bars shall also be stored in
separate piles in a suitable manner to minimize corrosion.

4.10 STUB SETTING TEMPLATES:

4.10.1. Stub templates for standard towers with extension shall be of adjustable type. The same shall be
painted. The contractor shall also develop adjustable template for required extension for tangent
and large angle / anchor towers and templates for special towers, if so required after check survey.

4.10.2. The maximum number of templates to be deployed by the contractor to complete the work shall be
as per the approved erection programme.

However, during execution if additional number of templates is required to be deployed as per

direction of the purchaser, the same shall also be arranged by the contractor free of cost.

4.10.3. The contractor shall hand over to the purchaser one set of such template for each type of tower free
of cost in good condition on completion of his work, to the Purchaser‟s store as directed.

4.11 TOWER ACCESSORIES:

4.11.1. Step bolts and ladders:

Each tower shall be provided with step bolts as per IS: 10238 on two of its diagonally opposite
legs of not less than 16mm diameter and 175mm long, spaced not more than 450mm apart and
extending from about 2.5metres above the ground level to the top of the tower. Each step bolt shall
be provided with two nuts on one end to fasten the bolt securely to the tower and a button or
hexagonal head at the other end to prevent the feet from slipping away. The step bolts shall be
capable of withstanding a vertical load of not less than 1.5KN acting at a distance of 100mm from
the tower leg angle.

4.11.2. In case of special structures such as those on major river crossings, if the height of the super
structure exceeds 50metres, ladders along with protection rings and platform as approved by
purchaser shall be provided in continuation of the step bolts on the longitudinal face of the tower
from 30metres above ground level up to the top of these special structure. The step bolts shall be

Page 26 of 46
 provided from 2.5metres above ground level up to the perforated chequerred plate of 6mm
thickness and platform with railing for access from step bolts to the ladder to each cross arm tip and
the ground wire supports. The platforms shall be fixed on the tower using countersunk bolts;
Chequered plate shall conform to IS: 3502.

4.11.3. For attaching I- type suspension strings to the towers, strain plate and D-shackle shall be provided
such that requisite clearances are available under extreme condition. The strain plate and D-shackle
shall be of adequate strength to withstand the full design loads under broken wire conditions or
minimum U.T.S. of the corresponding insulator string whichever is more.

4.11.3. For earth wire/OPGW on suspension towers suitable „U‟ bolts of adequate strength to withstand the
full designed load are to be provided to accommodate the hook of the earth wire/OPGW suspension
clamp.

4.11.4. At tension towers, strain plates of suitable dimensions on the bottom of each cross arm tip and at
the top earth wire peak, should be provided for taking hooks or D-shackles of the tension insulator
strings or earth wire tension clamps as the case may be. Full details of the attachment drawings
shall be submitted by the contractor for purchaser‟s approval before starting the mass fabrication.

4.11.5. Holes shall suitably be provided at the top of the towers at all suspension and tension points for
connecting flexible copper bond so as to ensure a good electric connection. The length of the F.C.
bond piece shall be 500mm (minimum).

4.11.6. Since supply of all the line materials viz. insulators, conductors, earth wire along with necessary
hardware and accessories is in the scope of the contractor, he will be solely responsible for proper
interfacing of supplied line materials with the tower attachment points.

4.12 DANGER, NUMBER AND PHASE PLATES:

4.12.1. Each tower shall be fitted with a number plate, phase plate, circuit plate and danger plate
conforming to IS: 5613 at a height between 2.5metre and 3.5metre above ground level. These shall
be on approved locations. The plate shall be made of mild steel at least 2mm thick and with
vitreous enameled back and front.

4.12.2. The letters, figures and the conventional skull and bones of danger plates shall conform to IS: 2551
and shall be in signal red to the front side of the plate.

4.13 ANTICLIMBING DEVICE:

4.13.1. Barbed wire type ant climbing device relevant to Indian standard shall be provided and installed by
the Contractor for all towers. The height of ant climbing device shall be approximately 3M above
ground level. The barbed wires shall be given chromating dip as per procedure laid down in IS:
1340. The barbed wires shall conform to IS: 278.

4.14 AVIATION SIGNAL:

4.14.1. For the safety requirements of low flying aircraft, all the transmission line and transmission line
structures falling within safety zones of air fields and air to ground firing ranges shall meet the day
requirements of “ Visual Aids as per IS: 5613 ( Part- 3 , Sec- 1)” stated hereunder :

Day Marking:

Page 27 of 46
(i) Line Markers: Coloured globules 50cm to 60cm diameter made of reinforced fibre glass or any
other suitable material weighing not more than 5.5kg each with suitable clamping arrangement and
drainage holes shall be installed on the earth wire(s) in such a manner that the top of the marker is
not below the level of the earth wire, up to 400M span one globule shall be provided in the middle
of the span on the highest earth wire. In case of double earth wires the globule may be provided in
any one of them. For span greater than 400M one additional globule may be provided for every
additional 200M spans or part thereof. Half orange and half white coloured globule should be used.

(ii) Structure Marking: The structure portion excluding cross arms above 45M height shall be painted
in alternate hands of international orange and white colours. The hand shall be perpendicular to the
vertical axis and the top and the bottom bands shall be orange. There shall be an odd number of
bands. The maximum height of each band shall be 5M.

Night Marking:

Medium and low intensity obstacle lights as per fig. in annexure of IS: 5613 on a complex obstacle
such as towers supporting overhead wires should have a night time intensity as per ICAO
requirements in International Standards recommended practices. The light on top of the structure
should flash at the rate of 20sequences per minute. One set of Aviation lights consists of one
medium lights and two/four (as applicable) low intensity lights along with all accessories such as
solar panel, control panel batteries, cable etc. to be provided on the tower as per IS / International
Standards recommended practice. Detail of this arrangement shall be submitted by the contractor
for approval of purchaser.

Page 28 of 46
CHAPTER - 5
TOWER FOUNDATIONS
5.0 TOWER FOUNDATION:

5.1 GENERAL:

Reinforced cement concrete (RCC) isolated stepped footing of grade M20 shall be used for all
types of tower and low height gantry structure foundation, as per the concerned foundation
drawings to be prepared and submitted by the contractor and approved by the purchaser. The
successful bidder shall have to execute the foundation work true to level, alignment and dimensions
of the approved drawings of the purchaser.
Structural design of foundation shall be done by limit state method as per IS: 456-2000, IS: 4091
and CBIP manual 268 (for design of tower-CBIP manual no. 323) and also as per soil properties
mentioned under Cl. 6.5. If called for due to site conditions, the tower foundation may be of special
type i.e. R.C.C. raft, deep foundation like Bored-pile etc. subject to the approval of the purchaser.

However, raising of chimney/stem in any water logged location/area, and/or, for reduced depth
foundation due to site condition shall not be considered as special foundation. Such foundation
shall be paid as per normal foundation as per price schedule.

5.2 TYPE OF FOUNDATION:

Based on subsoil parameters and subsoil water level and the presence of surface water obtained
from the subsoil investigation report, the foundations shall be designed for various types of towers
and be classified in the following manner:

5.2.1 DRY TYPE – Where subsoil water table is met below the foundation base.

5.2.2. WET TYPE- Where subsoil water table rises in the pit up to 1.5m below ground level; or where
there is water over the ground for long periods but does not penetrate beyond 1M below ground,
such as paddy fields.

5.2.3. PARTIALLY SUBMERGED – Where subsoil water table rises in the foundation pit up to 0.75M
below ground level.

5.2.4 SUBMERGED – Where subsoil water table is met in the foundation pit within 0.75M below
ground level.

5.2.5. SPECIAL FOUNDATION – Bored pile foundation (of uniform diameter) normally to be adopted
in river crossing locations and where sub-soil condition not conducive for normal foundation.
Design of Board pile shall be done as per IS: 2911 (Part- I, Sec – 2) if required.

Note: In all cases, the water level shall be measured with respect to the tower centre level.

5.3 LOADS ON FOUNDATIONS:

5.3.1 The foundation shall be designed to withstand the specified loads of the super-structure including
the respective Over Load Factor and for the full footing reactions obtained from the structural

Page 29 of 46
 stress analysis. The reactions on footing shall be composed of the following type of loads (not
considering case-wise combination) for which the foundation shall be required to be checked.
(i) Maximum tension of uplift along the leg slope.
(ii) Maximum compression or down thrust along the leg slope.
(iii) Maximum horizontal shear or side thrust in both transverse and longitudinal directions.
Foundation forces for different types of tower (excluding O.L.F.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Type of tower compression uplift side thrust side thrust
(Transverse) (Longitudinal)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
T4 98020 85880 3200 1130

ST4 167300 149630 2075 930

MT4 206610 186105 6935 4255

LT4 250210 221570 6735 2345

LT4 +12/18/25 242600 208755 11655 3040

T2 35000 24100 2500 600

ST2 58100 48500 3200 2250

MT2 68500 54000 3600 2500

LT2 82000 62000 4500 3500

LT2 +9/12 95420 81100 4500 2500

DA 35815 30550 1330 1075

DB 56180 49290 3535 3175

DC 67400 60550 4400 3650

DD 79600 70000 4600 4100

DD +12(JBIC 220KV) 82000 73500 5400 1500

DD + 18/25(JBIC 220KV) 120015 101255 6450 1720

River crossing
Tower (Full) 90000 77000 7100 600

River crossing
Tower (43m Trunc.) 70000 59500 5500 500

River crossing
Tower (35m Trunc.) 60500 51425 5000 400

Page 30 of 46
 220KV D/C Dwarf Tower 70420 61435 15343 3053

Gantry structure 42200 38800 750 1900

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The foundation shall be designed and checked in all respects taking into consideration of the
respective Over Load Factors over all the specified foundation forces of Compression, Uplift, Side
thrust (Transverse) and Side thrust (Longitudinal) as listed above.

Over load factor (OLF) shall be considered over the design load for different types of towers, as
given below.
(i) OLF : 1.10 for suspension/tangent tower
(ii) OLF : 1.15 for angle/section tower including dead end and anchor tower and
gantry structure.
(iii) OLF : 1.20 for special RC tower.
(iv) For Dwarf Tower the O.L.F. to be considered : 1.0
The additional weight of concrete in the footing below ground level over the earth weight and the
full weight of concrete above ground level in the footing and embedded steel part will also be taken
into account; adding to the down thrust.

5.4 STABILITY ANALYSIS:

5.4.1 In addition to the strength design, stability analysis of the foundation shall be done to check the
possibility of failure by 1) Bearing Capacity of the soil, 2) Uplift, 3) Over turning, 4) Uprooting of
stubs with cleats in RCC foundation slab portion considering its embedment from the working
point i.e. from the junction of the chimney and the RCC footing slab for both compression and
uplift forces, 5) Sliding of foundation etc.

5.4.2. Resistance against uplift:

The uplift loads shall be assumed to be resisted by the weight of earth in an inverted frustum of
pyramid of earth on the footing pad, whose sides make an angle equal to the angle of repose of the
earth with the vertical in average soil. The weight of concrete embedded in earth and that above the
ground level shall also be considered for resisting the uplift. In case where the frustum of earth
pyramid of two adjoining legs overlaps each other, the earth frustum shall be assumed truncated by
a vertical plane passing through the centre line of the tower base.

5.4.3. Resistance against down thrust:

The following load combinations shall be resisted by the bearing capacity of the soil:

1) The down thrust loads combined with additional weight of concrete including weight of PCC,
above earth are assumed to be acting on the total area of the bottom of the footing.

2) The moment due to side thrust forces at the bottom of the footing excluding PCC slab. The
passive pressure resistance height shall be considered from the route of the chimney and leaving
500 mm from the ground level.

3) The moment due to eccentricity of the leg load at the bottom of the footing to be considered from
the working point of the footing up to the bottom of the RCC slab.

Page 31 of 46
 The footing size and dimension will have to be changed if the minimum pressure comes negative.

The structural design of the base slab shall be developed for the above load combination. In case of
toe pressure calculation due to above load combination with side thrust, allowable bearing pressure
to be increased by 25%. The foundation shall be designed in limit state with maximum bearing
pressure for providing compression reinforcement in the bottom slabs as well as checking for
one-way and two-way shear forces. Minimum reinforcement shall be guided as per IS: 456 (2000
or latest amendment) for both compression and uplift reinforcement.

5.4.4. Design of Chimney:

The RCC chimney shall be designed as per limit state method for the combined action of total axial
forces, tension and compression and the associated maximum bending moments due to side thrusts
ignoring the resistance of the stub and cleats against uplift. In these calculations, the tensile strength
of concrete and resistance offered by the stub section shall be ignored. The passive earth pressure
height shall be considered from the root of the chimney and leaving 500mm from the Ground Level
for both design of chimney and stability checking against sliding and overturning.

5.5 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS:

5.5.1. The following soil parameters shall be considered for design of foundations:
A)
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
Sl. Type of Soil Angle of Earth Unit weight Limiting Bearing
No. Frustum (degree) (kg/cum) capacity kg/sqm.
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
1. Normal dry soil
(Without undercut) 20 1400 20000

2. Wet soil due to presence of

Subsoil water/surface water 10 700 10000

4. Dry unit weight of plain

Cement concrete 2400

5. Buoyant unit of Plain cement

Concrete 1400

6. Dry unit weight of reinforced

Cement concrete 2500

7. Buoyant unit weight of

Reinforced cement concrete 1500
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````
Above values may be considered for preliminary design of foundation for dry, wet, partially
submerged and fully submerged conditions for tender purpose only. The properties of different
types of soil, obtained after sub-soil investigation by the contractor shall be the governing criteria
for design of foundation of towers and preparation of relevant drawings. No claim whatsoever of
the contractor shall be entertained by the purchaser for any variation in the soil type and/or
properties than what have been projected in the specification for any variations of the designed

Page 32 of 46
 foundation section/volumes/quantity of any component conceived by the contractor at the time of
submission of the tender. However, for good soil having properties better than those specified
above after actual soil exploration, the specified values as stated above shall be considered for
designing the foundations. In case of any change in the volume for gantry structure, at the time of
execution due to any variation in soil properties or site condition, the purchaser shall supply the
necessary drawing and no additional payment shall be made for any variation of quantities due to
such changes in the drawings.

B) For design of bore pile foundation for tender purpose, the average angle of shearing resistance of
200 and submerged unit weight of soil of 800 kg/m3 shall be considered and the type of soil as
granular soil to determine the pile capacity as per IS : 2911 (part I / Sec 2) – 1979 or latest
amendment. The pile design shall be undertaken as per stipulation laid down in IS 4091, IS 2911,
IRC 5 (Section –I), IRC 6 (Section – II) and IRC 78 (Section VII) for achieving most stringent
consideration.

5.6 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE:

5.6.1. The cement concrete used for the foundations shall be M20 (but not leaner than 1:1.5:3) with 20mm
coarse aggregate for the total foundation. For lean concrete sub-bases or pads M10 (but not leaner
than 1:3:6) mix-concrete with 20mm coarse aggregates may be used. For bored pile foundation
work the grade of concrete shall be M25 of design Mix or nominal mix not leaner than 1:1:2.

All the properties of concrete regarding its strength under compression, tension, shear, punching
and bending etc. as well as workmanship, will conform to IS: 456 latest amendments.

5.6.2. The cement used in concrete shall conform to IS: 1489 and IS: 455, cement shall be stored by the
contractor in suitable weather proof properly ventilated building with dry floors. It will be inspected
by the Engineers of the purchaser.

5.6.3. Concrete aggregates shall conform to Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural
sources for concrete as per IS: 383 -1970.

5.6.4 The water used for mixing concrete shall be fresh clean and free from oil, acids and alkalies,
organic materials or other deleterious substances; potable water is generally desirable.

5.6.5. Reinforcement shall conform to IS: 1786 for high yield tensile steel deformed bars. All
reinforcement shall be clean and free from loose mill scales, dust, loose rust and coats of paint, oil
or other coatings which may destroy or reduce bond. Contractor shall supply, fabricate and place
reinforcement to shapes and dimensions as indicated or as required to carry out the intent of
drawing and specifications.

5.7 DESIGN OF FOUNDATION:

5.7.1. The foundation shall be designed as to satisfy the following conditions.

5.7.2. The thickness of concrete in the chimney portion of the tower footing would be such that it
provides minimum cover of not less than 100mm from any part of the stub angle to the nearest
outer surface of the concrete in respect of all dry locations limiting the minimum section of
chimney to 300mm square. In respect of all wet locations the chimney should have an all-around
clearance of 150mm from any part of stub angle limiting the minimum section of chimney to
500mm, square.

Page 33 of 46
5.7.3. The chimney top or muffing excluding coping must be at least 500mm above ground level and also
the coping shall be extended up to the lower most joint level between the bottom lattices and the
main corner legs of the tower.

5.7.4. The centriodal axis of the slab shall coincide with the axis of the chimney and pass through the
centre of foundation base. The design of the foundations (base slab and its reinforcement) shall take
into account the additional stresses in the foundation resulting from the eccentricity introduced due
to non-compliance of this requirement.

5.7.5. The thickness of the bottom most R.C.C footing slab at the edge with its sides vertical shall be not
less than 150mm.

5.7.6. The minimum distance between the lowest edge of the stub angle and the bottom surface of
concrete footing shall not be less than 100mm or more than 150mm in case of dry locations and not
less than 150mm or more than 200mm in case of wet, partially submerged and submerged location.

5.7.7. The maximum depth of foundations below the ground level shall not be more than 3metres. To
maintain the interchangeability of stubs for all type of foundations, for same type of tower, almost
the same depth of foundations shall be used for different classifications of foundations.

5.7.8. The portion of the stub in the slab shall be designed to take full down-thrust or uplift loads by the
cleats combined with the bond between stub angles and concrete. The limit bond stress between
concrete and stub in tension with:
(a) M20 Mix. - 12Kg/cm2
(b) M25 Mix. - 14Kg/cm2

5.7.9. A typical details of R.C.C. spread type foundation (stepped) cast directly in contact with soil and
with 150mm working clearance is enclosed.

5.7.10. Typical grouted Rock anchor type footing is suitable when rock is very hard. It consists of two
parts viz. block of small depth followed by anchor bars embedded in the grouted anchor holes. The
top part of the bar is embedded in the concrete of shallow block. The depth of embedment, diameter
and number of anchor bars will depend upon the uplift force on the footing the diameter of bar shall
not be less than 16mm. The grouting hole shall normally be 20mm more than the diameter of bar.

The determination of whether a rock foundation is suitable for installation of rock anchors is on
engineering judgment based on rock quality. Since, the bearing capacity of rock is usually very
much high, care must be exercised in designing for uplift. The rock surface may be roughened,
grooved or shaped to increase the uplift capacity.

The uplift resistance will be determined by considering the bond between reinforcement bar and
grouted concrete. However, an independent check for uplift resistance should be carried out by
considering the bond between rock and concrete block which in turn will determine the minimum
depth of concrete block to be provided in hard rock. Anchor strength can be substantially increased
by provision of mechanical anchorages, such as use of eye –bolt, fox-bolt or threaded rods as
anchoring bars or use of keying rods in case of stub angle anchoring.

5.7.11. Bored pile foundation design shall be based on as per IS 4091, IS 2911, IRC 5 (Section –I), IRC 6
(Section – II) and IRC 78 (Section VII) for achieving most stringent consideration and on the
foundation forces/loading likely to occur for the river crossing towers or as the case may be due to

Page 34 of 46
 site condition. The maximum flood level, the water current, drag forces, buoyant effect, scour
depth, soil parameters of the particular location(s) shall be considered in the design of bored pile
foundation for each location of the tower. For checking the pile capacity in compression and uplift,
the factor of safety shall be considered as 2.5 and 3.0 respectively and in case of checking in uplift
50% value of skin friction to be considered i.e.

(skin friction valuex0.5)/3=Allowable uplift.

5.8 PARTIAL SAFETY FACTOR:

5.8.1. Partial safety factor shall be considered as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 for reinforcement steel.

5.9 PAYMENT OF FOUNDATIONS:

5.9.1. The physical properties of soil under various sub-soil conditions, furnished in cl.no.6.5.1. are to be
considered for preliminary design of foundation. These types of foundation correspond to the list of
foundation furnished in the Schedule of Prices.

The composite rate quoted in numbers in the schedule of prices shall be paid to the contractor for
above foundations irrespective of any variation of type of soil and / or properties, obtained on
actual subsoil investigation, conducted by the contractor, than those what have been projected in
the specification. No additional payment shall be payable on account of any variation /alterations/
modifications of the designed foundation sections /volumes/quantity of any component of the
foundation, conceived by the contractor, at the time of submission of his/their composite rate for
foundation, in the Schedule of Prices.

5.9.2. Payment for normal foundation with or without raising of chimney / stem and reduced depth
foundation shall be paid on the basis of normal foundation listed in the schedule of prices in
numbers.

5.9.3. Any other special type of foundation of tower (viz. Raft foundation etc. if not mentioned in
numbers in the price schedule) other than normal foundation as described in cl. no. 6.9.2 as may be
required as per site requirement, shall be paid as per schedule of "UNIT RATE" for excavation,
concreting, reinforcement etc.

5.9.4. Payment for special towers like River x-ing, Power X-ing, Rail x-ing, N.H. x-ing, Composite
tower, Dwarf tower etc. if not mentioned in numbers in the price schedule, shall be made as per
schedule of „UNIT RATE‟ for excavation, concreting, reinforcement etc.

Page 35 of 46
CHAPTER - 6
CONSTRUCTION OF TOWER FOUNDATIONS
STUB SETTING & EARTHING

6.0 TOWER FOUNDATIONS STUB SETTING AND EARTHING:

6.1 TESTING OF SOIL:

6.1.1. To ascertain soil parameters in various strips en-route, the purchaser has carried out soil
investigation. The foundation design to be submitted by the Contractor for approval of the
purchaser shall be based on the soil investigation already carried out by the purchaser.

6.2 EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATIONS:

6.2.1. All excavation for tower footings, unless specifically otherwise stated, shall be made to the lines
and grades of the foundations approved by the purchaser. The excavation walls shall be vertical and
the pit dimensions shall be such as to allow the clearance of not more than 150mm on all sides from
the foundation paid. All excavation shall be protected, until the footing is placed, using necessary
timber shoring or casing to maintain a clean sub-grade. Any sand, mud, silt or undesirable materials
of other kinds which may have accumulated during excavation shall be removed by the contractor
before placing concrete.

The soil to be excavated for tower foundations may be classified as under:

(a) Normal soil : This will mean all types of soil which can be easily be excavated by gainty
axes and spades even in the presence of sub-soil water table within the
ranged foundation designed depth requiring pumping or hailing out of water
due to presence of surface water.

(b) Rocky soil : i) Soft Rocks:

This will mean decomposed rock, hard gravel, kankar, limestone,
laterite or any other soil of similar nature which may easily be
excavated by gainty or pick axes or spades.

ii) Hard Rocks:

Hard rocks will be that which requires chiseling or drilling and
blasting (cost of blasting shall be included in the quoted rates)

6.2.2. For locations where soil is of composite nature, classification shall be according to the type of soil
which is preponderant in the footing and the rate for the same shall apply for the composite
foundations. The decision of the purchaser shall be final and binding regarding the classification of
soil.

6.2.3. No extra charge shall be admissible for removal of the slipped earth in the pit when once excavated.
Shoring and shuttering as approved by the authorized representative of the purchaser shall be
provided by the contractor when soil condition is so bad that there is likelihood of accident due to
the falling of earth. If sand boiling or quick sand condition is encountered during excavation of
foundation pit, the contractor shall take full precaution and adopt suitable method of construction to
compute the foundation at no extra cost to the purchaser.

Page 36 of 46
6.2.4. Where rock is encountered the holes for tower footing shall preferably be drilled, but where
blasting is to be resorted to as an economy measure, shall be done with the utmost care to minimize
the use of concrete for filling up the blasted area. Necessary precaution for handling and use of
blasting materials shall be taken by the contractor. In cases where unnecessarily large quantities are
excavated / blasted resulting in placement of large volume of concrete, payment for concrete shall
be limited to the calculated design volume and balance cost shall be on the contractor‟s account.

6.2.5. The contractor shall supply the blasting material and be responsible for its proper storing and use,
following relevant rules and regulation of respective authority.

6.3 SETTING OF STUBS:

6.3.1. The contractor shall undertake full responsibility for correct setting of stubs in accordance with
approved method at the exact location and alignment and precisely at correct levels with the help of
stub setting templates. Stubs shall be set in presence of the purchaser‟s representative available at
site and adequate advance intimation shall be given to the purchaser by the contractor regarding this
programme.

6.3.2. Setting of stubs at each location and foundations shall be made as per approved drawings and each
work shall be approved by the purchaser‟s representative. Such approval, however, shall not
absolve the contractor of his responsibility for correctness of setting and for the correct erection of
tower.

6.3.3. The purchaser reserves the right to uncover and examine any foundation subject to a total
maximum of 25% locations and if any foundation is found faulty, the contractor shall be required to
uncover all foundations for a stretch of 1.5KM on either side of the faulty foundation and bear the
expenses thereof as well as to rectify all inadequate, faulty foundations thereby discovered and
putting them back in order, recast the foundations at his risk, responsibility and cost.

6.3.4. The galvanized stub angle shall be free from all forming materials, dust, mud etc. and cleaned
thoroughly. Thereafter it shall be painted with cement paste made of ( 1 ) one part of cement and ¾
part of water to a thickness of 1.6mm up to a height which concrete can be laid up to the painted
height before the cement paste becomes dry.

6.4 CONCRETING:

6.4.1. The cement used for the concrete shall conform to the IS: 269 or IS: 455. The minimum quantity of
cement required per cubic metre of finished reinforced concrete shall be 400Kg for M20 grade with
nominal mix not leaner than 1:1.5:3 and 220Kg for M10 grade with nominal mix not leaner than
1:3:6. The maximum water cement ratio shall be 0.5. The quantity of cement in concrete mix shall
not, however, be more than 450 Kg/cum of concrete.

For bored pile minimum cement content shall be 400Kg/m3 of concrete and concrete grade shall be
M25. For pile exposed to free water or where concreting is done under water or drilling mud
method other than that of tremie, 10% (ten percent) extra cement over and above that required for
design grade of concrete and for the specified slum, shall be adopted.

The sand used for the concrete shall be composed of hard silicious material and shall be clean and
of sharp angular grit type and free from earthy or organic matter and deleterious salts.

Page 37 of 46
 The contractor shall store the aggregates on hard smooth and clean surfaces so that there is no
possibility of intrusion of any foreign materials. Aggregates of different classes shall be stored in
piles which shall be spaced well apart to prevent their intermixing.

6.4.2. The concrete shall preferably be mixed in mechanical mixer, but hand mixing may be permissible,
in extra ordinary circumstances. In case of hand mixing 10% extra cement shall be mixed, the cost
of such extra cement shall be borne by the contractor.
6.4.3. Mixing shall be continued until there is uniform distribution of materials and the mix is uniform in
colour and consistency, but in no case the mixing shall be done for less than 5minutes. Normally
mixing shall be done close to the foundation. T he concrete shall in all cases be placed and
compacted before initial setting starts. All concrete shall be compacted by mechanical vibrator.
However, over vibration shall be avoided.

6.4.4. The concrete shall be laid in 150mm layers and consolidated well. So that the cement cream works
up to the top and no honey-combing is left in the concrete. After casting of the chimney portion up
to the required height the top surface should be finished smooth with a slight slope towards the
outer edge, to drain off the rain water falling on the coping.

6.4.5. In submerged, semi-submerged and wet locations the site must be keep completely dewatered,
without any disturbance to the footings both during the placing of the concrete and for 24hours
after completion thereof.

6.4.6. Proper forms or moulds adequately braced to retain proper shape while concreting shall be used for
chimney or pyramid and slab portions. The forms or moulds shall not be removed before a lapse of
about 24hours after the completion of concreting. After removal of the form if the concrete surface
is found to be defective, the damage shall be repaired in the least possible time to the satisfaction of
the purchaser‟s representative before the foundation pits are back filled.

6.4.7. The form box or shutter box etc. shall be supplied by contractor at his own cost.

6.5 CURING:

6.5.1. The concrete, after it is 24hours old, shall be cured by keeping the concrete wet continuously for a
period of 14days after lay. The pit may be back filled with selected and excavated earth with
necessary amount of water and well consolidated in layers not exceeding 150mm of consolidated
thickness after minimum period of 24hours and thereafter both the back filled earth and exposed
chimney top shall be keep wet for the remainder of the prescribed time of 14days providing empty
cement bags soaked in water fully wrapped around the concrete chimney for curing and ensuring
that the bags are kept wet by frequent pouring of water on them.

6.6 EARTHING:

6.6.1. The footing resistance of all towers shall be measured by the contractor in dry weather after their
erection before the stringing of earth wire. In no case shall the tower footing resistance exceed
10ohms. Pipe earthing and counter poise earthing, wherever required, shall be done in accordance
with stipulations made in IS: 3043, IS: 5413 ( part-3) and IS: 5613 (Part -2 ). Tower earthing lug
shall extend beyond concrete and embedded in the same. This lug shall be used for connecting with
counterpoise earthing. The bidders are also required to furnish unit rates for each type of earthing.
In case of river crossing and railway crossing, two numbers of leg diagonally opposite shall be
earthed as per specification, mentioned above.

Page 38 of 46
6.6.2. Pipe Earthing:

The earthing of the tower shall be by means of G.S. pipe of 25mm dia., 3metres long buried in good
soil and electrically connected to tower leg by 50mm x 6mm galvanized steel flats and galvanized
nuts and bolts. Top of the pipe shall be 1000mm (minimum) below ground level. Where the tower
stands on rock, efforts shall be made to obtain good earth carrying a length of galvanized steel tape
from the tower leg to the pipe driven in damp soil as near to the tower as possible. The connecting
tape shall be buried in a groove out in rock surface and adequately protected from damage. Pipe
type earthing sets complete with G.S. pipe, coke/ charcoal and salt etc. complete shall be supplied
and installed. To maintain uniformity, particular tower leg shall be earthed over the entire line.
Details of pipe earthing are shown in attached drawing.

6.6.3. Counterpoise Earthing:

The counterpoise Earthing shall be done by means of 10.97mm dia. Galvanized wire. The wires
will be connected with the leg of the tower by means of a G.S lug and 16mm dia. bolt and nut. The
lug will be forged or compressed at one end and the other end will remain free for a required length
of earth wire minimum of which shall be not less than 25M. Three legs will be connected on three
lugs and remaining leg with a flat type strip provided for pipe type earthing. The Counterpoise wire
shall be buried radial from the tower base at a minimum depth of 1000mm. The wire shall remain
inside coping. One set of counterpoise earthing shall comprise of four numbers of required length
of counterpoise wire. Details of counterpoise earthing are shown in enclosed figure for guidance.

6.7 PROTECTION OF TOWER FOOTING:

6.7.1. The work shall include all necessary brick work, concreting and earth filling above ground level as
special measures for protection of foundations closed to nulla, river beds etc. The bidders are
requested to furnish unit rates in the schedule. The unit rates will be applicable on the actual
quantities of revetment and extra excavation work done and/or items of work, so executed.

6.7.2. On ordinary flat ground the stub shall be set with their tops above ground level as per design and
give a coping. When the ground surface is irregular the foundation shall be finished in a permanent
way forming a plinth by side cutting, building a suitable revetment as desired by the purchaser.

Page 39 of 46
CHAPTER – 7
TOWER ERECTION AND FITTING
OF
LINE MATERIALS

7.0 TOWER ERECTION AND FITTING OF LINE MATERIALS.

7.1 ERECTION OF TOWERS:

Towers shall be erected by piecemeal method or any other method subject to approval by the
purchaser on the foundation not less than 14days after concreting and after such time that the
concrete has acquired its full strength. Before starting assembly, the surfaces of joints shall be
cleaned and applied with a coat of zinc rich protective paint.

7.2 ASSEMBLY:

7.2.1. During erection of towers the following points are to be ensured:

a) Straining of the members shall not be permitted for bringing them into position. It may, however,
be necessary to match hold positions at joints and to facilitate this, tommy bars not more than
450mm long may be used.

b) An upper section shall be erected only after completing bracing of the lower section with all nuts
and bolts provided in position in accordance with the approved drawings.

c) All plan diagonals relevant to a section of tower shall be placed in position before assembly of
upper section is taken up.

d) All nuts shall face outside the tower for horizontal or nearly horizontal bolt connections and
downwards for vertical bolt connections.

e) Towers shall be properly fitted with number plates, danger plate and phase plate and other
accessories as stated in the specifications.

7.3 TIGHTENING, PUNCHING AND TACK WELDING OF BOLTS & NUTS:

7.3.1. All nuts shall be properly tightened with requisite filler washers and plates. In case of step bolts,
spring washers are to be placed under the outer nut. Care shall be taken to tighten the bolts
progressively from the top to downwards.

7.3.2. The threads of the bolts projecting outside the nuts shall be punched at three positions to ensure that
the nuts are not loosened in course of time. Any defective nut, if found, shall be replaced properly.
The tower members up to the height of bottom cross-arm above the stub coping level, of all the
towers shall be properly tack welded to each nut, in addition to above. After welding, zinc rich
paint of at least two coats shall be applied to the welded portion. Cost of tack welding and
application of paint shall be included in the erection rate of individual towers.

7.3.3. If any replacement is to be effected after stringing and tensioning, leg members, bracing etc. shall
not be taken out without reducing the tensions on the towers by adequate guying or releasing
conductor tension.

Page 40 of 46
7.3.4. For replacement of cross arms, if necessary, after stringing the conductor shall be suitably tied at
tension points or transferred to suitable roller pulleys at suspension points.
7.4 INSULATOR HOISTING:

7.4.1. Suspension insulator strings shall be used on suspension tower (00– 2 0) and tension insulator
strings on angle and dead end towers. The strings shall be fixed on the tower just before stringing of
the conductors. Damages insulators and fittings shall not be incorporated in the string assembly
under any circumstances.

7.4.2. Insulator strings shall be assembled on the ground. This shall be cleaned in a manner that will not
spoil, injure or scratch the glaze of the porcelain. Care shall be taken to remove mud, grease etc.,
but in no case any oil shall be used for this purpose.

7.4.3. Anti- corona rings shall be fitted in a manner to give most efficient operation. The yoke
arrangement shall be horizontal for tension and longitudinal for suspension strings.

7.5 STRING OF CONDUCTOR, GROUND WIRE AND FIXING OF ACCESSORIES,

INSULATORS AND HARDWARES:

7.5.1. HANDLING OF CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE/OPGW:

The contractor shall be entirely responsible for any damage to the towers or conductors/earth
wires/OPGW during stringing. Care shall be taken while running out the conductors/earth wires
such that the conductor do not touch and run against the ground or objects which could cause
scratches or damage to the strands. The conductors/earth wires shall be run off the drums from the
top in order to avoid damage due to chafing. Immediately after running out, the conductor/earth
wire shall be raised at the supports to the levels of the clamp and placed into the running blocks.
The groove of the running blocks shall be such a design that the seat is semicircular and larger than
the diameter of the conductor/earth wire and it does not slip over or rub against the sides. The
groove shall be lined with hard rubber or neoprene to avoid damage to conductor/earth wire and
shall be amounted on well oiled bearings.

7.5.2. The running blocks shall be suspended in a manner to suit the design of the cross arm. All running
blocks, especially those at the tensioning end, shall be fitted on the cross arms with jute cloth
wrapped over the steel work and under the slings to avoid damage to the slings as well as to the
protective surface finish of the steel work. In case suspension or section towers are used even do
temporary terminations, if this is unavoidable, they shall be well guyed and steps shall be taken by
the contractor to avoid damage. The drums shall be provided with a suitable breaking device to
avoid damage and loose running out and to prevent kinking of conductor / earth wire. The
contractor shall continuously check for loose or broken strands or any other damage. When
approaching end of a drums length at least three coils shall be left when the stringing operations are
stopped. These coils shall be removed carefully and if another length is required to run out, a joint
shall be made as per the recommendations of the conductor/earth wire manufacturer.

7.5.3. The Contractor shall take adequate steps to prevent clashing of sub- conductors starting from
paying out to the installation of the spacers/spacer dampers. Care shall be taken so that both sub-
conductors of a bundle are from the same conductor supplier and preferably from the same batch so
that a creep behavior of the sub-conductors remains identical. During sagging, care shall be taken to
eliminate differential sags in the sub-conductors as far as possible.

Page 41 of 46
7.5.4. Conductor/ Earth wire/OPGW splices shall be so made that they do not crack or get damaged in the
stringing operation. The contractor shall use only such equipment/methods during conductor
stringing which ensures complete compliance in this regard.

7.5.5. Derricks shall be used where roads, river, canal, telecommunication or overhead power lines,
railways, fences or walls have to be crossed over during stringing operations. It shall be seen that
normal services are not interrupted or damage caused property. Shut-down shall be obtained when
working at crossing of overhead power lines. The contractor shall be entirely responsible for the
proper handling of the conductor, earthwire and accessories during such work.

7.5.6. The sequences of running out shall be from top downwards that is, the earth conductor shall be run
out first, followed by the power conductors in succession. Imbalance of loads on towers shall be
avoided as far as possible. For S/C Line, stringing of outer phase of line conductor shall be done
before stringing of middle phase conductor.

7.5.7. The proposed 220KV transmission lines may run parallel for certain distance with the existing
400KV, 220KV, 132KV, 66KV, 33KV lines, which will remain energized during the stringing
period. As a result, there is a possibility of dangerous voltage build-up due to electromagnetic and
electrostatic coupling in the pulling cable conductors and earth wire/OPGW which is comparatively
small during normal operations, but can be severe during switching and ground fault conditions of
the energized lines. It shall be the Contractor‟s responsibility to take adequate safety precautions to
protect his employee and others from this potential danger.

7.5.8. The contractor shall submit separate erection Schedule to the Engineer, well in advance
incorporating all the details for the erection programme to be carried out across power, telegraphs,
telephone lines, National Highway, Railway Tracks and rivers etc. The engineer will notify the
appropriate authorities to obtain necessary clearance in time. After getting clearance from the
concerned authority, the work programme shall have to be submitted by the contractor to the
Engineer at least 30days in advance. Such programme shall clearly indicate the tentative date,
duration of any shutdown so that the Engineer can arrange necessary and/or power block
accordingly. The work may have to be carried out at night within a specific shutdown period. As
such the contractor shall be required to arrange accordingly for such type of work. All
precautionary measures have to be taken by the contractor to avoid any damage to conductor and
fittings of the traction line and any other kind of existing lines.

7.6 TENSIONING AND SAGGING:

7.6.1. The tensioning and sagging shall be done in accordance with the approved stringing charts before
the conductor and earth wire/OPGW are finally clamped. Dynamometers shall be employed for
measuring tension in the conductor and earth wire/OPGW.

7.7 STRINGING OF CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE/OPGW:

7.7.1. The stringing of the conductor shall be done by controlled tension method. The stringing equipment
used shall be capable of maintaining a continuous tension of not less than 500KN per bundle such
that sag in each conductor is 20% greater than the sag specified in the corresponding stringing sag
tables.

7.7.2. Both the conductors making one phase bundle shall be pulled in or tied off simultaneously. Both
the conductors of the bundle shall be of matched length and of the same manufacturer and shall be
ensured that both the conductors making one phase have identical tension time history. Equalizer

Page 42 of 46
 pulleys shall always be used under all operations of paying out, rough sagging, tying and final
sagging to equalize tension between the sub-conductors of the bundle.

7.7.3. After being pulled the conductors/ earth wire shall not be allowed more than 72hours to hang in the
stringing blocks before being pulled to the specified sag for clamping.

7.7.4. The bidder shall submit complete details of stringing method which he proposes to follow for
approval of the purchaser. Before commencement of stringing, stringing chart for conductors and
earth wire showing initial and final sags and tensions for various temperatures and spans shall be
submitted for approval.

7.8 SAGGING IN OPERATION:

7.8.1. The conductors and earth wire shall be pulled up to the desired sag and left in travelers for at least
one hour after the sag shall be rechecked and adjusted, before transferring the conductors from the
travelers to the suspension clamps. The conductors shall be clamped within 36hours of sagging.

7.8.2. The sag will be checked in the first and last span of the section in case of sections up to eight (8)
spans in one intermediate span also for section with more than eight (8) spans. The sag shall also be
checked when the conductors have been drawn up and transferred from running blocks to the
insulators clamps.

7.8.3. At sharp vertical angles, the sags/tensions shall be checked on both sides of the angles. The
conductors and the earth wire shall be checked on the travelers for equality of tension on both sides.
The suspension insulator assemblies shall normally assume vertical position when the conductor is
clamped.

7.8.4. The stringing blocks when suspended from the transmission structure for sagging, shall be so
adjusted that the conductor on traveler will be at the same height as the suspension clamp to which
it is to be secured.

7.8.5. Tensioning and sagging operation shall be carried out in calm weather when rapid change of
temperature is not likely to occur.

7.9 JOINTS:

7.9.1. Joints on the conductor or the earth wire/OPGW shall be of compression type in accordance with
the recommended specifications of the manufacturers for which all necessary tools and equipments
including compressor and dies shall have to be arranged by the contractor. Sizes of joints and dead-
end assemblies before and after completion shall be as per recommendations of the manufacturers.
Jointing sleeves etc each part of the joints shall be cleaned by wire brush to make it free from rust
and properly greased before the final compression is done with the compressor.

7.9.2. All joints of splices shall be made at least 50metres away from the structure. No joints of splices
shall be made in spans crossing over Railway, main road, rivers, power line and telecommunication
line crossing etc. and in tension spans. Not more than one joint per phase in one span shall be
allowed. The compression type fitting used shall be of self-centering type and care shall be taken to
mark the conductors to indicate when the fitting is centered properly. During compression or
splicing operation, the conductor shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent lateral vertical
thrust against the dies. After compression joints, aluminium sleeves shall have all corners rounded,
burrs and sharp edges removed and smoothened.

Page 43 of 46
7.10 CLIPPING:

7.10.1. The conductors shall be clipped in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers.
Conductors shall be fitted with armour rods where it is made to pass through suspension clamps
and with vibration dampers at all the suspension / tension points.

7.10.2. The jumpers at the section and angle towers shall be formed to parabolic shape to ensure maximum
clearance requirement. Suspension insulator string (Pilot string) shall be used if found necessary to
restrict the jumper swing to the design values.

7.10.3. Fasteners in all fittings and accessories shall be secured in position; the security clips shall be
properly opened and sprung into position.

7.11 CONDUCTOR REPAIR:

7.11.1. Repairing of conductor if necessary shall be carried out during the paying out operations, with
repair sleeves. Repair on conductor surface shall be done in case of minor damage, scar marks, etc.
which are safe both from physical and mechanical requirements. The final conductor surface shall
be cleaned, smooth and without any projections, sharp points, cuts or abrasions etc.

7.12 SPACER INSTALLATION:

7.12.1. Spacer shall be installed along with the length of the span to maintain the intra-group spacing of
450mm between the centres of the sub-conductor of the one phase bundle. This shall be spaced
longitudinally at distances in each span as per the manufacture‟s recommendations. Spacers shall
be fitted with 24hours of the conductor clipping.

7.13 FIXING OF INSULATOR, CONDUCTOR AND EARTHWIRE ACCESSORIES:

7.13.1. Insulator hardware, conductor and earth wire accessories shall be fitted on the line in accordance
with recommendations of the manufacturers. While fixing those accessories, care must be taken
that the conductor is not damaged in any way and no sharp edges are left at any point.

7.14 FIXING OF DANGER, NUMBER AND PHASE PLATES ON STRUCTURES:

7.14.1. Structure of each section shall be numbered serially and commencing from a terminal structure
which will be intimated by the supervising Engineer at the time of erection. Each structure shall
also be fitted with danger plate for giving warning to passersby and with two sets of phase plates on
tension towers to indicate phases. Danger, number and phase plates shall be supplied by the
contractor as per approval of the purchasers as already specified.

7.15 FINAL CHECKING, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING:

7.15.1. After completion of the work, final checking of the line to ensure that all the foundation work,
tower-erection, stringing have been done and clearance provided strictly according to the
specifications and as approved by the purchaser.
Before putting into testing and commissioning, the following points are to be checked.

a) Sufficient back filled earth is lying over each foundation pit and it is adequately compacted.

Page 44 of 46
 b) Concrete chimneys and their copings are in good condition and properly sloped.
c) All the tower members are correctly used strictly according to the finally approved drawing
and are free from any defect and damage whatsoever.
d) All bolts are properly tightened and punched and the nuts up to the height of bottom cross-
arm above stub coping top are to be welded and painted with zinc rich aluminum paint.
e) The stringing of the conductors and earth wire has been done as per the approved sag and
tension calculations and desired clearance are clearly available.
f) All danger plates, phase plates, number plates, anti-climbing devices, aviation signals are
properly installed.
g) All towers are properly grounded.

7.15.2A Line Signature Analysis:-

Before charging the line, healthiness of the line in terms of open circuit or short circuit tendency
like bad joints, inadequate clearance, loose jumpers, to some extent insulator related problems etc.,
using multiple pulse reflection method is to be carried out by Line Signature Analyzer (LSA) unit
to detect any indication of the fault and inhomogeneities present in the system. The
inhomogeneities monitored by the LSA are to be quantified in nine levels from 0 to 8 for open or
short nature of fault.
Recommended features / parameters of the instrument are:

Range : 0 to 1000 KM
Type of Lines : Overhead EHV 33KV to 400KV & above
Resolution : +/- 100 meters (Accuracy)
Outputs : 4 format printouts Graphic LCD display
Display type : High resolution LCD / back lit LCD
Operation : 230V mains or in-built rechargeable batteries
Sensitivity : Min. 40dB below short or open circuit reflections

The contractor has to supply the above LSA unit of Taurus Make Taurus Max-3 EHF model
including laptop, printer and all required software and hardware peripherals and tools in complete
set as per BOQ in supply schedule and perform the above analysis and submit the report to the
purchaser for obtaining prior approval before charging the line.

The contractor, if had already supplied Off-Line Fault Locator and Signature Analyzer system for
EHV lines as on the date of submission of bid to any Central or State Power Utility, then proof of
documents in support of supply and successful operation for last two years are to be attached at the
time of submission of technical bid.

The Bidder shall have arrangements for complete after sales service of the test kit within reasonable
time and the same has to be guaranteed for the entire contract period i.e, till defect liability period.

The line shall be tested for insulation by the contractor by providing his own equipment, labour etc.
in accordance with tests prescribed by the purchaser. The line shall be energized at full working
voltage before handing over and all necessary arrangements for this shall be made by the contractor
to the full satisfaction of the purchaser.

7.15.2B. The line shall be tested for insulation by the contractor by providing his own equipment, labor etc.
in accordance with tests prescribed by the purchaser. The line shall be energized at full working
voltage before handing over and all necessary arrangements for this shall be made by the contractor
to the full satisfaction of the purchaser.

Page 45 of 46
7.16 CONSUMPTION OF LINE MATERIALS:

The quantities of various line materials indicated in the Schedule are tentative only. The final
quantity shall be known only after the completion of check/detailed survey which will be done by
the contractor. For payment purposes the quantity of line materials actually incorporated into the
works shall be considered and no wastage, damages and losses shall be allowed and the same, if
any shall be to the contractor‟s account.

For consumption of conductors and earth wire, following shall be adopted:

i) Conductor - 6 x Final Route length of the line

+ 0.5% for sag and jumper (for D/C line)

- 12 x Final Route length of the line

+ 0.5% for sag and jumper (for M/C 4-ckt. line)

ii) Earth wire - 1 x Final Route length of the line

+ 0.05% for sag.
iii) OPGW - (1 x Final Route length of the line
+ 0.1% for sag) + actual length for down-lead and loop.

Page 46 of 46