A STUDY ON THE CHILD HEALTH IN THE SLUM AREAS OF OKLHA

PHASE II, NEW DELHI.

Summer Internship Report submitted for the partial fulfillment of Masters of

Business Administration (Health and Hospital Management) Degree

Under the guidance of

Ms. ARSHIYA FAROOQUI
Assistant Professor

Submitted by
Ms. Suzana Hasan Ali Saleh Alqafeai
MBA- HEALTH AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT, 2017-19

July 2018
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the SIP report Work of Ms. Suzana Hasan, Masters of Business
Administration, Department of Health & Hospital Management, School of Management &
Business Administration, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi entitled “child health in slum area” is an
original piece of work that has not been submitted elsewhere in any form earlier. The report
work was carried out from 17th May 2018 to 17th July 2017.

Ms. Arshiya Farooqui

Department of Health & Hospital Management
School of Management & Business Studies, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express my deep sense of gratitude to Ms. Arshiya farooqui, Assistant Professor of
Department of Health & Hospital Management, School of Management & Business Studies,
Jamia Hamdard for her extraordinary cooperation, invaluable guidance and supervision. This
report is the result of his pain taking and generous attitude.

I would like to thank to Mrs Tanusheeri Roy Choudhary , principle of Deepalaya school center ,
Ohkla phase II branch.
I would also like to thank the staff of Depalaya organization for their help and support.
I owe and respectfully offer my thanks to my family for their constant moral support and
affection which helped me to achieve success in every sphere of life and without their kind
devotion this project would not have been completed. I am also thankful to my friends for their
constructive discussions during this research work.
I submit this project of mine with utmost regard.

Suzana Hasan

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 DECLARATION

I, Suzana Hasan, hereby declare that the presented report of internship titled “child health in
slum area” is uniquely prepared by me after the completion of 45 days’ work at Deepalaya NGO,
learning center Okhla phase II, New Delhi.

I also confirm that the report is only for my academic requirement, not for any other purpose. It
might not be used with the interest of opposite party of corporation.

Suzana Hasan
Department of Health & Hospital Management
School of Management & Business Administration, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Infancy and early childhood is one, if not the most, important period in the life of a human being
as it is the time when many foundations for future child and adult health and development are
laid.
Children differ from adults with respect to health according to “4Ds”, representing
1- Developmental vulnerability
2- Dependency
3- Differential morbidity
4- Difference in demographics”.

The sample size of my study was 40 children who dwelled in one of the slum area of Okhla
phase II ,New Delhi.
The collected data was primary data collected through the questionnaire papered by me, I asked
the parents of the kids and I explained them each and every question and all the data collected
from one specific area (Sanjay Colony). In conclusion, our population-based study clarifies that
The parents are not aware about their kids’ health and these kids are under nutrition and they
didn’t take a proper vaccination which will protect them from many diseases in the near future,
and they are not aware of any insurances services and there are not any real and proper insurance
for people under the poverty line.
As a result I suggest to spread the health awareness among the families of the slum area.
Advocating towards the public health care because it is less expensive than private health care.
Discuss the importance of the environment and the affection of unclean area. Restructuring of
health infrastructure on the basis of need rather than existence and health insurance for people
below poverty line, etc.

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 Table of Contents

S.No Title Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION OF CHILD 6-9

HEALTH

2. ABOUT DEEPALAYA 10-14

3. LITERATURE REVIEW 15-17

IMPORTANCE OF
4. RESEARCH 18

5. RESEARCH 19-22
METHODOLOGY

6. DATA ANALYSIS 22-45

7. CONCLUSION 46

8. LIMITATION 47

9. RECOMMENDATIONS 48

10. QUESTIONNAIRE 49-55

11 REFERENCES 56-57

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 Chapter1
Introduction

About slum area:

Slums are an urban phenomenon which comes into existence on account of industrialization in
and around cities thereby attracting migration of population from country side. Though slums
are a rich source of un-skilled and semi-skilled manpower, they tend to result in burden on the
existing civic amenities.
Government agencies and NGOs have flung into action and initiated several measures to
improve the plight of slum dwellers and make the slum areas livable for the habitants as of late
they are viewed as effective agents in the process of urban development rather than burden on
urban infrastructure.

Slum:
A slum is a compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary
nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in
unhygienic conditions in that compact area (commonly known as “Jhuggi Jhopri”). Such an area,
for the purpose of this survey, was considered as a “slum pocket” if at least 20 households lived
in that area. For this survey, only slums in urban areas
were considered.

Notified Slum:
Areas notified as slums by the concerned State Governments/UTs, Municipalities, Corporations,
Local Bodies or Development Authorities were termed as “Notified Slums”.

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Non-Notified Slum:
Such a settlement, if not notified as slum, is called a non-notified slum while a non-notified
slum must consist of at least 20 households; no such restriction is imposed in case of notified
slum.
Part Slum:
When the slum lies only partly with in the sample urban block, the part of the slum which falls
within the block was considered a part slum.

Challenges in slum area:

The physical environments of slums present many challenges to residents, particularly children,
as the environment is the most and the first challenges for the child health as well as for whole
family.

1. Inadequate sanitation remains a leading cause of diarrheal disease and mortality among
children in developing countries, particularly in urban slums.
2. Malnutrition effect the growth and the development of the child.
3. Loss of awareness toward the basic things which parents should know.
4. Drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.
5. Adequate ventilations.

About the child health:

Children represent the future, and ensuring their healthy growth and development ought to be a
prime concern of all societies. Newborns are particularly vulnerable and children are vulnerable
to malnutrition and infectious diseases, many of which can be effectively prevented or treated.
Children's health defined as encompasses the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being
of children from infancy through adolescence.

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Family health and children:
Family health looks at children's health and well-being in the context of their family unit. The
health of the family as a whole plays a major role in determining the health of each child within
that family. This applies not only to children's physical health but to their emotional health, as
well.
Childhood health problems may be congenital (i.e., present at birth) or acquired through infectio
n, immune systemdeficiency, or another disease process. They may also be caused by physical
trauma (e.g., a car accident or a playgroundfall) or a toxic substance (e.g., an allergen, drug, or p
oisonous chemical), or triggered by genetic or environmental factors.
The other important parameters in the context of status of slums are the availability of health
facilities at the reach of slum dwellers.
For this purpose, the proximity of slum colonies to the nearest govt. hospitals was ascertained
during the survey.

Children’s Growing Bodies Need Constant Monitoring

As your child gets older and grows, his or her medical needs may change. If you don’t let a
doctor give them check-ups regularly due to lack of insurance, some preventable illnesses or
ailments could be left undiagnosed. Untreated allergies let children needlessly feel ill constantly.
Other rare and serious diseases such as sickle cell anemia could be left undiagnosed and get
worse over time without treatment. Dental health needs to be monitored to ensure a healthy,
strong smile after your child starts losing his or her baby teeth. Regular checkups also help make
sure that your child is growing up healthy and properly, with your doctor being able to offer
advice or prescribe treatment if something appears underdeveloped.
A healthy, strong adult is formed from a healthy, strong child. Continual preventative treatment
and health monitoring is possible through health insurance for kids. Catching and addressing
potential problems as a child grows up helps them live as healthier, productive adults later on.

Nutritional status:
Nutrition is a cornerstone that effects and defines the health of all people, rich and poor. It paves
the way for us to grow, develop, work, play, resist infections and aspire to realization of our

8
fullest potential as individuals and societies. Better nutrition means stronger immune systems,
less illness and better health for people of all ages.
Nutritional status was also found to be positively related with education of respondent, education
of parents, household standard of living. A better occupational pattern of respondent’s parents,
also resulted in a better nutritional status of the child.
Childhood under nutrition remains a major health problem in India especially in slums.
Socioeconomic status of family affects the nutritional status especially of girls.
Children of poor socioeconomic status had moderate and severe malnourishment.
Diseases of the respiratory system appear to be very high among slum dwellers.
The indication of a proper nutrition is the normal growth of those kids and their physical activity.

Children’s Health Insurance Assists in Wellness Beyond Physical Health

While the obvious benefit in getting health insurance for your child is to help maintain their
physical well-being, it does more than that. Since insured children get treatment and get better
from their ailments quicker, it allows them to miss less school compared to their uninsured
classmates. If your child isn’t doing well in their studies, it may be because they have trouble
seeing or hearing the teacher, requiring glasses or a hearing aid to help them. With their health
consistently monitored through check-ups and any chronic ailments being addressed, insured
children tend to thrive more mentally and socially than those who don’t receive care. Health
insurance doesn’t just improve the health of a child, but their lives as a whole.

What Can You Do for Your Child?

There’s no doubt that health insurance for your child can be an expense, but there are affordable
plans out there and government programs willing to help. Aside from the private sector, the
Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) can help provide free checkups and dental visits
along with reasonably priced copayments. Californians can get more information
about children’s health insurance online and all USA residents can find out more about CHIP
at Healthcare.gov. It can only help your child’s future.

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 Chapter-2
Deepalaya NGO

Deepalaya is the largest operating non-governmental organization (NGO) in India’s national

capital state Delhi, working on issues affecting the development of the urban and rural poor
in India, with a special focus on children. Deepalaya official motive for its existence and work is
the slogan ‘Every child deserves a chance’.
The organization was founded in 1979. Since then it has seen a continuous growth in staff,
beneficiaries and fields of activities. Deepalaya’s main areas of influence are the urban slums of
Delhi, but inroads into rural development in the states of Haryana and utrrakane have been made
as well. The essence of Deepalaya’s approaches is concisely inherent in the Chinese maxim
‘Give someone a fish and you feed him for a day; teach the person to fish and you feed him for a
lifetime’, for Deepalaya similarly aims at triggering off sustainable development from within.
According to statistics, from 2009–2010, 23.18% of the organization’s total income is attributed
to donations received and 52.37% of its total income consists of government grants. HSBC India
is an organization in the banking industry that too supports Deepalaya through donations and
voluntary works. However, Deepalaya still runs a deficit in most of the years. In the
aforementioned financial year, Deepalaya experienced US$236,741.42 in deficit.

History:
From 1977 to 1979, three of the seven founding members met regularly, discussing how to
launch a programme of education and reaching out to the poor. The thought process was derived
from these three individuals, by name of Mr. T. K. Mathew, Mr. Y. Chackochan and Mr. P. J.
Thomas. However, as the society’s registration in India requires seven individuals in order to
found a society, there was a lack of founding members. This problem was quickly resolved by
the agreement of Mrs. Grace Thomas, Mr. C. M. Mathai, Mr. Punnoose Thomas and Mr. T. M.
Abraham to join hands with the initial three pioneering individuals. Regardless of bureaucratic
obstacles and resistance, the “Deepalaya Education Society” was founded and the first school
was started on 16 July 1979. There were only five children attending school, two teachers and an

10
investment of rupees 17,500 from the founding members. In these initial days the school focused
on pre-school education.
In the course of time to the year 1985, the number of students increased to 133 with seven staff
members. As the annual budget grew, the focus of Deepalaya moved to primary education.
Parallel to this development, the contact to various national as well as international funding
agencies was established. Since Deepalaya’s resource base grew due to these contacts, its
program could extend correspondingly. Deepalaya started reaching out to a larger number of
slum dwellers through education, health, income generation as well as community development,
thus stepping beyond mere education to ‘integrated development’. By 1992, there were 13,000
students being taught as well as 400 staff members involved.
Since 2002, the organization has undergone major changes, for a new vision and mission had
been formulated, which is now being pursued, its program sectors have been restructured and it
has become an international organization with its offices in the USA, the UK and Germany. In
2003, Deepalaya was appointed one of the NGOs for capacity building of smaller NGOs by
REACH India. During the year 2005, Deepalaya became the largest operational NGO in the
national capital state of Delhi, as it achieved the level of reaching out to 50,000 children, 76
slums, 84 villages in Mewat as well as 7 villages in.

Their Vision:
Deepalaya’s vision is very concisely uttered by its publications: “A society based on legitimate
rights, equity, justice, honesty, social sensitivity and a culture of service, in which all are self-
reliant
A society based on legitimate rights, equity, justice, honesty, social sensitivity and a culture of
service in which all are self-reliant.
Deepalaya’s focus and sole reason for existence is the child, especially the girl child, street child
and disabled child. The family of the child is the medium through which the development takes
place. Organization and sensitization of the community is the approach through which
empowerment, capacity building and social transformation are attempted.

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Their Mission:
Deepalaya has clearly formulated its mission, consisting of three major parts. In “Ya tra – The
Institutional Memory” the mission is formulated as follows:
“We in Deepalaya commit ourselves to Continue to identify with and work along the
economically and socially deprived, the physically and mentally challenged, and starting with
children so that they become educated, skilled and aware
Enable them to be self-reliant and enjoy a healthy, dignified and sustainable quality of life
And to that end, act as a resource to and collaborate with other agencies Governmental or Non-
Governmental, as well as suitably intervene in policy formulation.”
Gender equity.

Education in deepalaya:
Despite the enactment of Right to Education Act and several other initiatives of the Government
for educating children, more than a quarter of children in Delhi, remain out of school. They may
have been enrolled in government schools but hardly they turn up. The teachers do not care to
even find out why the children are not coming. This is exactly where Deepalaya steps in. We
understand the fact that how education can change someone’s life. With an aim to empower and
educate children from underprivileged backgrounds we have set up two formal schools and
several learning centers. Both formal schools and non-formal education centers lay stress on all-
round development of children. They are given an opportunity to showcase their talents at
different forums, be it dances, music, sports, drawing or arts and crafts.
Till today, Deepalaya has been able to reach out to 31, 08, 27 children and a major of them went
on to continue their education after schooling. 23 of our students went to the United States
through Community College Initiative Program, where they got an opportunity to study for
around 10 months in different streams of their choice. Many of them have become self-reliant.

Health in deepalaya:
“It is Health that is real wealth not the pieces of gold and silver,” said Mahatma Gandhi.

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For the people living in urban slums and rural villages, health is a secondary issue, food is the
primary one.
Health is the aspect which is neglected by people as they do not have access to affordable
healthcare. We have two health clinics – one in Village Gusbethi, Haryana and the other one in
Sanjay Colony, Okhla Phase-II,Delhi
We provide basic preventive healthcare solutions to the members of the local community in both
the locations.
Deepalaya and All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) have joined their hands for
providing eye-care services to those who belong from deprived section of our society. From eye-
check up to diagnosis to cataract surgery, everything is free of cost.
A team from AIIMS hospital visits Gusbethi one in a week and once in a month in Sanjay
Colony for conducting eye check-up camps. Patients are given medicine free of cost and those
suffering from cataract are treated free of cost at AIIMS hospital.
Not only this, mega camps are organized in the far flung areas of Mewat.
We also regularly conduct health camps and nutrition camps periodically in all our projects to
promote good health care practices.
We are also working for women health. They are the axis of every family but they themselves
ignore their health. Menstruation is taboo in our society; females are not encouraged to discuss
the problems they face during the menstrual cycle. This is the main reason why many girls suffer
from infections or other gynecological issues. Keeping this in mind we conduct the awareness
camps among community women.
Apart from this we also set up Umang Unit self-help group and prepare Sangini Sanitary pads.
The idea behind this project was to introduce sanitary pads at nominal cost among women living
in slum areas and also give opportunities to work another group of women by making this
product sustainably.

Children's Home - Deepalaya Gram Gusbethi:

Deepalaya carried one such program during 1990s with an aim to rehabilitate street children
working near New Delhi Railway Station, Azadpur Vegetable Market, Sarai Kale Khan and Inter
State Bus Terminus, Commercial Centers like Connaught Place, Nehru Place, etc. Around 100

13
children were identified in Banana Godown near Azadpur wholesale vegetable market, West
Delhi. They were rescued and brought to the Deepalaya Centre which was initially located at
Delhi.
Moved by the plight of such children, Deepalaya started its Institutional Care program at
Deepalaya Gram, Gusbethi (7kms from Sohna) for bringing a long lasting change in the year
2000.
From a small number of 19 children in the year 2000 when the project was set up, the strength
has grown to accommodate around a hundred children. At present there are 25 girls and 45 boys
(70), residing in separate hostels.
The programme is run by Deepalaya Gram and seeks to provide shelter, care, homely
atmosphere and a dignified life to children from difficult circumstances like street and run-away
children, victims of child abuse, children of lifetime convicts, children of HIV/ AIDS positive
parents, children of sex workers, and other vulnerable categories. The Children’s Home is a
Registered Children Home under the Juvenile Justice Act 2000.
Apart from providing food, shelter and clothing, the children’s home provide the following
facilities –
Individual care for each child through House Fathers and House Mothers
Regular health checkups
A vast playing ground for overall personality development of children
Counseling sessions to give a new direction to their lives
Healthy living classes that include yoga and meditation.
Provision of education, vocational and skill training for helping them earn a living for
themselves.
The project also takes care of their special needs like anger management issues, problems
relating to personality disorders and other problems. The Vocational Training program helps the
children to equip themselves with marketable skills to secure dignified jobs after reaching
adulthood.

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 Chapter-3
LITERATURE REVIEW

▪ Urban Slums and Children Health in Less-Developed Countries

Urban cities are filed with small areas called as slum, and the face of slum live has not change
for centuries.
This bite being smaller in sizes a large population is dwelling inside, people are more involve in
giving births and not concern about the health of children. And with this the rise number of
children blogs the expenditure and the health and illness priority.
Worldwide urban slum population grew from 39% to 43% in the developing countries and 78%
is in the less developed countries.
The immense growth of urban slum in the last few decades depict the urbanization of poverty,
the population in the areas is disproportionately divided which a myriad of problem related to the
society. Urban slum areas exhibit very poor health outcome, lower life expectancy rates, lower
levels of education and economic opportunities.
The living conditions in the slum areas are not developed and are so poor that the health
conditions are not improving for children. This scarcity is due to the lack of awareness among
the parents and less resources. Lack of money or insufficient money is one of the reasons for
ignoring the health check-ups.

( James Rice (2008).American Sociological Association, Vol. XV111, Number 1, Pages 103-
116.ISSN:-1076-156x)

▪ Malnutrition In Primary School Age Children

Nutritional statue is sensitive indicator of child’s health, WHO states that nutrition is an input
and foundation for health and development.
Interaction of infection and Malnutrition is well documented.

15
 Better nutrition meant stronger immune system less illness and better health.
Malnutrition is the major contributed to the total global disease burden. More than one third of
child deaths worldwide are attributed to under nutrition.
Poverty is a central cause of under nutrition.
Nutrition is the source for growth and development

(RanaeEjazali Khan And ToseeFazid, (2011), International Journal Of Social Economics,

Vol. 38 Iss: 9, Pp.748 – 766. ISSN: 0306-8293.)

▪ A Study On Perceived Family Environment Of Children Living In The Slum In The

Modern Era
. The children in the slum are unprivileged to enjoy good family atmosphere as well as the good
environment due to various causes like inadequate access to safe water, inadequate access to
sanitation and other infrastructure, poor structural quality housing, overcrowding, insecure
residential status, the low socio-economic status of its residents, poverty in terms of culture and
material, breeding ground for all social problems, lack of communication and educational
facilities lack of welfare agencies and services.
The environment has a huge effect on their attitude and behaviors and the way they of thinking
not only on health.

( R. PriyaAnd G. Kanganga(2013) ISSN2250-3153 International Journal Of Scientific And

Research Publications Vol.3)

▪ A study on morbidity pattern of children

According to WHO, a child’s world centers around its home, school and the local community.
Regard that these places should be healthy where children will remain protected from disease,
but in reality these places are often unhealthy that they underlie the majority of deaths and a
huge burden of diseases among children in the developing world.

16
 More than 5 million children from 0-14years old die every year from diseases linked to the
environment in which they live, learn and play.
Children in developing countries are ten times more likely to die before the age of five than
children in developed countries.
In slum children grow up without hygiene, medical care exclusive breastfeeding or a balanced
diet.
Infant mortality rate are twice as high in slums as national rural average. Slum children in under
five categories suffer more and die more often from diarrhea and acute respiratory infection than
rural children. In addition to this the vaccination coverage is also reported to be low.
(Chaudheri et al 2009)

▪ Poverty and street children Struggle For Survival.

Children living in street situations are an increasing in developing countries and economically
advanced countries. Amongst the world’s one billion children suffering from deprivation of basic
needs, these children are highly likely to experience ‘absolute poverty’.
Once on the street their living experience can be viewed as a condition of both severe and
chronic poverty.
An NGO called Hunger project recently (end of year 2000)23 estimated that in Bangladesh as
many as 700 deaths occur in a day, of which 655 are children, due to causes related to ‘persistent
hunger’.
Traditionally, many children always worked in village agriculture, but the numbers employed in
urban industrial and commercial sectors has risen sharply. Working children are a neglected
group in Bangladesh ‘. Laws in Bangladesh do not restrict the employment of children in all
kinds of industry where the nature of work is very strenuous. There has been an alarming rise in
the number of street children in the major cities of Bangladesh. A report in Bangladesh has
warned that the number of Street children in the country is set to rise as the urban population
grows by 9% a year. The report has been released Appropriate Resources for Improving Street
children Environment (ARISE) which is a joint between the government reports into the plight of
street children in Bangladesh.

17
The project initiated for ensuring the street children’s security with regard to shelter, education,
skill development, physical and mental health through institutional capacity building of all stake
holders in general and of the partner NGO s in particular. This project will undertake sustainable
interventions ensuring mobilization and utilization local and external resources through the
participation of all stake holders including the local community.

(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

VOLUME 2, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2013)

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 Chapter-4
Research Methodology
The first step in this research is to identify a location for the research, the place that was chosen
(Sanjay colony in Okhla phase II). It is the largest slum area there. The community receives
water and electricity from the government; other services are received from either government or
NGOs like (health, education, welfare).
In the first few weeks we contacted the community through (Deepalaya education center) in
Sanjay colony. Through this contact we got to know the basic information about the kids and
their health state as well. We contacted their parents and we discussed widely about their
expenses and their lifestyle.
The next step was to identify the stakeholders involved, major focus was on child health and if
they are aware about it and what is their concern.
Finally, a structured questionnaire was prepared that covered nutrition, income, vaccination,
family diseases, types of food, types of treatment, expenditure, insurance.

Objectives:
1. To determine the status of child health in slum area.
2. To determine whether families in the area are concerned and aware about their
child’s health or not.
3. To devise techniques for spreading awareness among the low-income families in the area of
study.

Research problem:
1. Lack of awareness among the parents in slum area towards their child’s health.
2. Lack of resources.
3. The families were not willing to contact us.
4. The families were feeling shy to discuss the situation of their lifestyle in general.

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TYPE OF RESEARCH

o Descriptive Research: It combines the surveys and the fact finding enquiries of different
kinds. It is used to describe the state of affairs as it exists at present. The researcher can only
report what is happening and what is not happening. The researcher has no control on the
variables.

SAMPLE DESIGNS:

▪ No of houses:>5000
▪ Population size: nearly 35000 to 40000 (Sanjay colony)
▪ Sample size: 40

TOOLS USED FOR DATA COLLECTION

Survey/Questionnaires: It is an instrument which is used for collecting data in a research. It is

done with a set of structured questions about the behaviors, attitudes, demographics and
opinions. Multiple choice questions were framed for a better data analysis.
It includes individual as well as group interviews. There is an interviewer and one or more
interviewees. It is done to withdraw deep information from the respondents.
Schedule
The schedule is an oral questionnaire. It is a process by which the investigator gathers data
directly from others by face to face contact. In schedule, questions are prepared. After the
objectives were properly sighted, face to face interview was conducted with parents and asked
the questions which were prepared for them. The reply of the parents was recorded by me.
Data collection
Each day a total number of 5-7 participants’ data was collected. After obtaining the consent from
the invitee, face to face interview was conducted at the residence area of the participant.
Effective health communication skills were used in asking questions about households and
children.

20
MAPPING
Mapping is the creation of maps, a graphic symbolic representation of the significant features of
a part of the surface of the Earth.
Mapping is choosing an area where one is planning to work.
Mapping is done to identify the problems.
In case of child Health, the three stakeholders taken were:
Primary: The children
Secondary: Parents
Tertiary: Grandparents, other family members and neighbors.
Mapping was done for one community:
Sanjay colony, Okhla phase II

21
Sanjay Colony

- Tree - School - Shops

- House - Police TOTAL POPULATION- 35,000-

40,000

- Temple - Wel TOTAL HOUSES- 5,000

TOTAL HOUSE COVERED - 40

22
 Chapter-5
DATA ANALYSIS

1.Gender of children

Interpretation:
In this survey we contacted children of both genders to discuss their health status.
According to the survey conducted, we can see that the number of males is more than females.
Males were 67% of the total number of the respondents approximately (27 males) and the
females were 33% of the total number of respondents nearly (13 females).

23
2.Age of the children:

Interpretation:
The age group considered in this survey was from (3 years to 12 years).
From this chart we can note that the different percentages of age are falling in between the age
group of 3 years to 12 years old.
The chart shows:
- 20% of the respondents are of 12 years old,
-13% of the children are of 11, 10 and 8 years old equally,
-12% are 6 years old,
- 10% of the children are 7 years and 9 years old equally,
-there is small percentage of 3, 4 and 5 years old.

24
3.Number of adult people in every family:

Interpretation:
I was concerned to know the number of adult people present in every family, to know if there are
people with who I can discuss and explain the importance of their child’s health and to know if
the adults are concerned positively or negatively towards their child’s health.
From the chart it can be seen that:
- 47% families have 2 adult people i.e. mother & father.
In two cases only there were mother &grandmother and mother & grandfather.
- 18% have 5 adult people and this was seen only in joint families.
-17% have 3 adults in their families; usually they are parents and one of the grandparents.
-12% of the families are having 4 adult members, parents and both the grandparents.

25
4.Number of earning member in a family:

INTERPRETATION:
Income determines the expenditure, as it is the most important factor which shapes the lifestyle,
nutrition and hygiene etc.
According to the research conducted, it is clear in this chart that:
-70% of the families are having only one earning member while,
-22% of them having 2 earning members,
-5% of them having 3 earning members which definitely will affect their expenditure and their
lifestyle

26
5. The total income of the child families:

INTERPRETATION:
This chart depicts the percentage of the total income of 40 respondents in Sanjay colony and the
people depend on the earnings of the family:
-18%which is the large percentage for 15000 per month,
-17% for 10000 per month
-12% for 12000 per month
-10% for 20000 per month
-7% for, 13000 and 8000 per month
-5% for 17000, 9000, 6ooo per month
-3% 46000, 35000, 30000 and 16000 per month
-2% only for 7000 per month

27
6.Source of income:

Interpretation:
As it is clear in the chart, big percentage is for daily wages that is 35%, then private employment
with 23%, then 20% of other jobs like tailor, 15% is for business sector and the less amount is in
the government sector only 7% of the total percentage is going for the government.

28
7.Since how long time the families of these kids are living in the slum area:

Interpretation:
The area where you live in has a big effect on the attitude.
The pie chart shows that 38% of the families are living there since 16-20 years in Sanjay colony,
while 30% are living there since 6-10 years and 25% are living since 11-15 years.

29
8.How many times in a day your child takes meal:

Interpretation:
Nutrition is the most important thing for a child’s growth and development. As it is showing in
the conducted survey that 75% of the families are saying that their kids are eating in a range of 2
to 3 times not more than that and 22% of the families said they only eat 1 to 2 times and 3% of
them were not aware about the number of meals their children are taking meals. This makes their
health status not good as it is recommended to have at least 6 times meals for kids from 3 year to
12 years for their normal development and growth.

30
9.What is the present health status of your child:

Interpretation:
Nowadays, children are victims of dullness, inactive life and malnutrition.
Parents evaluated their child’s health where 37% said good, 28% said average, 25% said normal
and only 7% said poor and 3% said fair health.

31
10.Source of drinking water:

Interpretation:
Clean and pure water is essential and one of the important aspect of healthy life is water. It is one
of the sources of many diseases if impure and unfiltered water is consumed.
According to the survey we noted that 42% of the families there in Sanjay colony are using
public tab and approximately 40% of them are using tanker and the 18% of them are using tube
well.

32
11.Was there any water borne disease in your family during the last one year:

Interpretation:
In communities clean and filtered water is not available because it is directly coming from
municipality. Sometimes the water supply is dirty, but still it is stored to avoid shortage of water
for the various uses.
When I asked the respondents if there is any water borne diseases in your family, 58% said no
which are approximately 23 respondents out of 40, and 43% said yes there are some water borne
diseases which are approximately 17 respondents.

33
12.Which kind of disease :

Interpretation:
Regarding to the previous question when I asked them if there is any water borne disease in the
family, 43% of them said yes we have, then we asked them again which kind of diseases are
there, accordingly 53% of them said typhoid was there and 23% said diarrhoea and 24% is
divided equally between cholera and other disease.

34
13. What type of food your child eats on a daily basis:

Interpretation:
Food is the source of vitamins and iron and all what our body needs, and to show concern
towards child’s health and growth. One must know what their child is eating and from where. As
it is shown in the chart 73% of the children are eating home cooked food as well as outside food
or we can call it junk food and nearly 22% are only eating homemade food and approximately
5% of them are only eat outside the home.

35
14.Which hospital do you go for treatment:

Interpretation:
Treatment is the first thing which people do when anyone from the family is sick and finding a
good hospital nearby for the emergency purpose. Cost factor was found to be the most important
factor, and the questions asked were in accordance to the place they prefer to go when they are
sick and why , 80% of them said they are going to the government hospital because of the cost
and 13% they prefer local doctor because its nearby and 13% of them they go for private hospital
if they have some serious cases .

36
15.Did you provide all vaccination to your child during birth:

Interpretation:
Vaccines are recommended for every young child because their immune systems are not yet fully
mature and also because their stomachs produce less acid, making it easier for ingested bacteria
and viruses to multiply.
According to the conducted survey I noted that a large portion are doing the vaccination and
small part don’t, 90% of the respondents are providing vaccination to their children during birth
and only 10% are not.

37
16.If yes then how many:

Interpretation:
From the large portion in the last chart which is 90% of them are providing vaccination to their
kids were asked how many vaccination they had done and accordingly we got the following
responses. From the above pictorial presentation that, unfortunately 46% of them don’t know
exactly how many time they did it, and 23% said they had 6-8 vaccination, 20% said 4-6 times
only and 11% said 2-4 times only.

38
17.During the time of vaccination, does the time consumed affect the daily
income of your livelihood:

Interpretation:
As l contacted people who are living in the slum area and most of them are working for daily
wages. So we had to ask them whether it affects their daily income and according to the
conducted survey 53% said it is not affecting them while 47% said it’s affecting their daily
income.

39
18.What is your monthly expenditure on your child towards:

Interpretation:
According to the data provided in front of us, slum expenditure on health are range from (300 to
2000) where 43% are spending only 500 rupees which is the largest portion of this chart, and the
second largest portion is 32% with 1000 rupees, after that 12% approximately with 2000 and
there are miner portions like 5% for 700 after that 3% for both 800 and 400 and the smaller
portion is 2% for 300 rupees.

40
19.Are you aware of any kind of health insurance of child in your area?

Interpretation:
We all know that how important it is to have life insurance. Child’s Insurance is a necessity and
there are several advantages attached with the various insurance plans that are available in the
market.
According to the survey conducted, 70% which is the largest proportion of the families in Sanjay
colony are not aware of term health insurance and they don’t have it as well, and only 30% of
these families are aware and they have insurance.

41
20.If yes then which type:

Interpretation:
There are two important insurance agencies of slum people (Sanjay colony) are aware about.
One is life insurance corporation and the other one is government health insurance, so according
to the data conducted from our survey we can easily interpret that 58% almost more than half of
the people are aware of insurance and they have LIC (life insurance corporation) , and 42% of
them have govt health insurance.

42
21.How many times in a year does your child fall sick:

Interpretation:
If you are sick or ill, basically it is a sign of being unhealthy. There are many reasons and causes
of being sick but are you aware of the number of times you have been sick in a year this is what I
asked the parents here and their answer were 35% of the families’ kids get sick two times a year,
35% said more than two times a year and 30% said only one time a year they get sick.

43
22.Why do you think he/she falls sick:

Interpretation:
Being sick is a natural phenomenon of the life but you should be aware of the main reasons of
this sickness and according to the above pictorial representation:
58% have contaminated disease, and 18% are due to malnutrition and 15% because the kids have
immune problem, and a minority 10% of these kids having other reasons.

44
23.Are there any health care centers available nearby:

Interpretation:
Availability of health center nearby you is an important requirement for a family who has kids.
According to our survey we concluded that 82% of the respondents have a health center nearby
and only 18% are not having any health center.

45
24.Are you satisfied with the services there:

Interpretation:
Satisfaction is a normal feeling towards the things which had been done to you or services you
received. According to the survey made; we noticed that a large portion 77% of the respondents
are satisfied with the hospital services which they are receiving and approximately 23% of the
respondent are unsatisfied with those services.

46
 Conclusion

As per the preceding chapters of the report we can conclude that in general, the available data
clearly support my thought that we should spread the awareness among the low-income families
and the status of the child health in slum area is not so good and the families are not concerned
about their child’s health.
First of all I contacted the kids in Deepalaya education center in Sanjay colony. I tried to help
them in their studies and I noticed that how much they are week and unhealthy, after making a
good relation with them I thought it would be easier to contact their families, but it wasn’t as the
families are not willing to share their details’ with me as I asked many questions regarding their
child’s health.
Secondly, I made questionnaire after reading a lot about (child health) which is an instrument
used for collecting data in a research. It is done with a set of structured questions about the
behaviors, attitudes, nutrition, insurance, demographics and opinions.
Multiple choice questions were framed for a better data analysis
Thirdly, I started working accordingly and collected all the information and recorded in the
questionnaire.
I collected data from 40 respondents in a specific slum area (Sanjay colony) in Okhla phase II.
It is a large slum area with 35000 populations, I chose respondents randomly. The age group
considered in this survey was from (3 years to 12 years).
As the area where you live has a big effect on your attitude, we have to understand the
challenges which people are facing it in slum area, and the effect of these challenges on them.
Then I started to analyses my collected data and interpret as per the information shown in the
report. This shows that these kids are under nutrition and they fall sick many times in the year.
They didn’t take a proper vaccination which will protect them from many diseases in the near
future, as it effect the daily income of their parents, and they are not aware of any insurances
services and there are not any real and proper insurance for the people lying below poverty line.

47
 Limitation

1. The time for the research work was very limited and very less, as research like child health
needs more time.
2. Sample size was small; if it would be bigger the result would be wealthy.
3. People were not willing to share their life details, and they were feeling shy to share the
details openly.
4. The language in the questionnaire was not their native language (mother tongue) which
makes us take a long time to translate and explain every question.
5. Data on childhood status are based solely on parental reports. Although parents are often the
best source of information about their children, parental reports may be influenced by
parents’ own health and mental health status.

48
 SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

1. Spread the health awareness among the families of the slum area. Advocating towards the
public health care because it is less expensive than private health care.
2. Improving the quality of health services in public hospital.
3. Suggesting for making health care services available to all.
A. Primary health center should deal with routine problems like fever, cold, cough
pain infection etc.
B. Secondary health center should be specialized hospitals dealing with issues such
as family welfare and child and maternal care, HIV/AIDS patients , TB patients etc.
C. Tertiary health centers should be multi-specialty dealing for critical cases.
4. As Prevention is better than cure, the government should spend money more on the
prevention purpose then on cure, for the better hygiene and sanitation of slum areas which
will prevent occurring of epidemic diseases.
5. Try to do some program and role play in slum area and discuss the importance of nutrition,
hygiene and effects of them. Suggestion in this regard:
A. Improve sanitation and hygiene condition in slum areas .
B. Create awareness about various diseases.
C. Provide immediate relief to patients on falling sick .
6. Discuss the importance of the environment and the affection of unclean area.
7. Restructuring of health infrastructure on the basis of need rather than existence.
8. Health insurance for people below poverty line.
9. The role of media through programs on (right to healthcare) in regional languages in the
form of documentary films, advertisements, etc.

49
 QUESTIONNAIRE
ON
CHILD HEALTH IN SLUM AREA
DEEPALAYA LEARNING CENTER
(SANJAY COLONY, OKHLA PHASE II)

Objective:
1. To determine the status of child health in slum area.
2. To determine whether families in the area are concerned and aware about their child’s
health or not.
3. To devise techniques for spreading awareness among the low income families in the area
of study.
............................................................................................................................................................
......
Name of the respondent: ...........................................................................................
Date/s of survey done: From .........................................To: ...........................................................
Community/Villages covered:
..................................................................................................................
No. Of houses covered: ............................. Approximate population covered:
...................................

............................................................................................................................................................
.....
GENERAL INFORMATION:-
....................................................................................................................................................

50
1) Name of the village/community:
.......................................................................................................
2) Name/No of the household: ....................................................................................................
3) Name of respondent: ..............................................................................................................
4) No. Of the adult members in the family: ..................................; Males .................;
Females: .............
5) Name of child:-
Male Age Female Age

............................................................................................................................................................
......
INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD:-
6) No. of earning members in the family: ........

7) Total household income (in Rs.).....................................

8) What is the main source of income?‫؟‬
i. Govt.
ii. Pvt. Employment
iii. /Business
iv. Daily wages earner/Household labour
v. Other (pls. Specify): ......................................................................................
9) Since how long are you living in this slum?
i. Less than one year
ii. One to five year
iii. Six to ten year
iv. Eleven to fifteen year

51
 v. Sixteen to twenty year
CHILD HEALTH:-
10) How many times in a day your child takes meal?
i. 1-2 times
ii. 2-3 times
iii. Not sure

11) What is the present health status of your child?

i. Good
ii. Poor
iii. Average
iv. Normal
v. Fair

12) What is the source of drinking water in your slum?

i. Public tap
ii. Tube well
iii. Pond/river
iv. Tanker
v. Others pls. specify.....................................

13) Was there any water borne disease in your family during the last one year?
i. Yes
ii. No

If yes, what it?

i. Typhoid
ii. Diarrhoea
iii. Cholera

52
 iv. Other disease

14) Are your children going to school? If so, where?

i. Govt. School
ii. Private school
iii. Don’t go to any school

15)If not why ?

i. due to health problem
ii. due to income problem
iii. due to other reason
16)What type of food your child eats on a daily basis?
i. Home cooked food
ii. Junk food
iii. Both

15) Which hospital do you go for treatment?

i. Government hospital
ii. Private hospital
iii. Local doctor
iv. Others pls. specify..............................

16) Did you provide all vaccination to your child during birth?
i. Yes
ii. No
If yes then how many:
i. 1-2
ii. 2-4
iii. 4-6

53
 iv. 6-8
v. Don’t know
17) During the time of vaccination, does the time consumed affect the daily income of your
livelihood?
i. Yes
ii. No

18) What is your monthly expenditure on your child towards:-

Health Rs.
Education Rs.
Food Rs.
Shelter Rs.
Clothes Rs.

19) Are you aware of any kind of health insurance of child in your area?
i. Yes
ii. No
If yes, then which types?
i. LIC (child career plan)
ii. Reliance child plan
iii. Govt. Health insurance
iv. Other (pls. Specify........................................................)
20) How many times in a year does your child fall sick?
i. One time
ii. Two time
iii. more than that

21) Why do you think he/she falls sick?

54
 i. Malnutrition
ii. Any immune problem
iii. Contaminated diseases
iv. Other reason (please specify)
22) Are there any health care centers available nearby?
i. YES
ii. No

23)Are you Satisfied with the services there?

i. Satisfied
ii. unsatisfied

55
 Reference

1. www.medicinenet.com/childrens health

2. medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Children%27s+Health

3. https://bernardvanleer.org/ecm-article/children-growing-up-in-indian-slums-challenges-
and-opportunities-for-new-urban-imaginations/

4. shodh.inflibnet.ac.in

5. planmyhealth.inepalaya.org

6. shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

7. https://www.livestrong.com/article/112085-physical-development-adolescence/

8. UN-Pop (United Nations-Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social

Affairs of the United Nations secretariat) (2007). World urbanization prospects: the 2007
revision. New York: United Nations.

9. . Health, Nutritional status and Dietary pattern of the selected street children in Dhaka
city of Bangladesh, M. S thesis, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of
Dhaka, October, 2008.

10. UNICEF, 2009, ‘Protection of Children Living on the Street’, Dhaka, UNICEF
Bangladesh

11. UNICEF, UNESCO, ILO, 2008, ‘Child Labor and Education in Bangladesh: Evidence
and Policy Recommendations’, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

12. CRC, 1989, Convention on the Rights of the Child, Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for human rights

56
13. http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm accessed on 4th january,2011

57