Now you can help ESL learners understand the essential language of workplace

safety and provide them with the tools they need to prevent or reduce accidents
and injuries on the job. Vocabulary is introduced in an accessible picture-dictionary
format that helps students quickly recognize even complicated or technical terms
and relate them to their own workplace. Students then transition to practice and
application activities that link core vocabulary with related terms and phrases.
Learners are continually encouraged to relate what they learn to personal experi­
ence and create their own workplace-specific safety vocabulary lists.

Key Vocabulary for a Safe Workplace is organized into four main units:
• warning signs and first aid items • safe use of tools and machinery
• health and ergonomics • safety information on labels and tags

A Safety Tool Kit appendix supplements the main body of the text and focuses on
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), health and injury terms, health and safety
policies, Lockouts and Tagouts (LOTO), and helpful exercises for the workplace.

Key Vocabulary for a Safe Workplace is highly flexible. It can be used as part of a
prevocational or general ESL course for students preparing to enter the workforce, a
class at a work site, or a handy reference tool to refresh or expand understanding
of safety terms. Lessons can be used in any order and adapted to individual, pair,
or group settings.

COMPONE NTS
Student Book
All instructional and reference material

Teacher's Guide
Lesson activity guidelines and applications

Photocopy Masters
Reproducible activities to reinforce and extend lessons or to personalize learning

ISBN 1-56420-175-9
N�!fo!!:;���!�!O�'�!! �
Syracuse, New York
800-448-8878
www.newreaderspress.com
IIII IIIII
9 781564 201751
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ESL for Job Success

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CAUTION

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 Contents

• Unit 1: Workplace Safety Basics .................................... 5

1. Safety Signs and Warnings ................................. .. 6
.

2. Personal Protective Equipment. .............................. 10 .

3. Around the Workplace ...................................... 14

4. First Aid for the Workplace. ................................. 18 .

Unit 1 Review. .............................................. 22

.

• Unit 2: Safe Use of Tools and Machinery......... ........ ......... .... 23

5. Hand Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Small Power Tools. ........................................ 28

.

7. Heavy Machinery ......................................... 32

.

8. Operating Parts . . ........................................ .. 36

9. Safety Features ......................................... .. 40
.

Unit 2 Review. ............................................ .. 44

.

Unit 3: Health and Ergonomics .... ........ .............. ... ....... 45

10. A Healthy Workplace....................................... 46
11. Moving T hings Around. ....................................
. 50
12. Safe Movement in the Workplace.............................. 54
13. Climbing in the Workplace . ................................. . 58
Unit 3 Review. ...............................................
. 62

• Unit 4: Safety Information and labeling .............................. 63

14. Labels and Tags. ..........................................
. 64
15. Warnings on Labels. ...................................... .. 68
16. First Aid Information on Labels. ........................... .. . 72
17. Safe Storage and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Unit 4 Review . . .......... .... .. .... .. ............... ........ 80

• Safety Tool Kit................................................. 81

A. Reading an MSDS. ........................................
. 82
B. Glossary of Health and Injury Terms. ......................... . 86
C. Health and Safety Policies .................................. . 89
D. Lockouts and Tagouts (LOTO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
E. Helpful Exercises for the Workplace .......................... . 98

Answer Key .................................................... 100

Key Word List................................................... 105

UNIT 1
Workplace
Safety Basics

Unit 1 presents basic safety warnings and equipment to help you work
more safely.

You will learn about

• common workplace warning signs and why these warnings are
important
• clothing and protective gear that you can wear for safety at
work
• basic equipment and workplace features that help provide safety
for workers
• first aid materials at work that you can use in case there is an
accident or health problem

As you study these lessons, think about these questions:

• What warning signs and safety equipment do you see in your
workplace?
• What warning signs do you know from other places?
• What protective gear do you and your co-workers wear?
• How can you use the language and information in these lessons
to work more safely?

Unit 1 5
LESSON Safety Signs
1 and Warnings

Study and Learn

Here are common warning signs that you can see in the workplace.

DANGER

(j)
DO NOT ENTER
DO NOT
TOUCH HIGH VOLTAGE·

Do Not Enter No Smoking Do Not Touch High Voltage

CAUTION CAUTION NOTICE

�
WATCH YOUR
� •
KEEP AREA
STEP WET FLOOR CLEAN

Watch Your Step Caution: Keep Aisles Keep Area Clean

Wet Floor Clear

CAUTION ADANGER· NOTICE NOTiCe:;

Q @ ®
RESTRICTED AREA

•
KEEP OUT
DO NOT OPERATE
MACHINE
NO FOOD
OR DRINK
AUTHORIZED
PERSONNEL ONLY

Restricted Area Do Not Operate No Food or Authorized

Machine Drink Personnel Only

6 Lesson 1
Which Sign?

Check the best warning sign for each situation.

1. Only hospital workers wearing special equipment can go into an

X-ray room safely.
__ a. Keep Area Clean h. Restricted Area

2. Workers have to move large boxes through a warehouse when they

stock the shelves.
__ a. Keep Aisles Clear __ h. Authorized Personnel Only

3. A broken factory sewing machine can hurt a worker who tries to use
it before it is repaired.
__ a. Do Not Operate Machine __ h. Watch Your Step

4. A janitor has just mopped the floor of an office building.

__ a. Keep Area Clean h. Caution: Wet Floor

5. A worker must repair loose wires on a telephone pole.

__ a. Do Not Operate Machine __ h. High Voltage

6. T he grill in a restaurant kitchen is turned on all day, so the surface is

very hot.
__ a. Watch Your Step h. Do Not Touch

7. At an auto body shop, the doorway to the office is higher than the
floor in the work area.
__ a. Watch Your Step h. Do Not Enter

8. T he cleaning workers have a lot of chemicals that can catch fire

easily.
a. Do Not Enter __ h. No Smoking

9. Some laboratory equipment requires special training for safe use.

__ a. Watch Your Step __ h. Authorized Personnel Only

10. A computer assembly worker has to keep the tools very clean.
a. No Food or Drink h. Do Not Touch

Unit 1 7
What Is the Danger?

Write the best warning sign to go with each picture.

No Smoking Keep Aisles Clear Keep Area Clean Watch Your Step

----��--��
2. -- 4.

8 Lesson 1
Work Safely

Why is the sign important for the worker in each item? Write your
reasons.

1. "No Food or Drink" is important for an assembly-line worker

because

2. "High Voltage" is important for a factory worker because

3. "Do Not Operate Machine" is important for a worker in a machine

shop because

4. "Watch Your Step" is important for a construction worker because

What about You?

What warning signs do you see where you work? Where are the signs
located in the workplace? Why are they there? Fill in the chart.

High Voltage electrica I box danger

Unit 1 9
LESSON Personal
2 Protective
Equipment

Study and Learn

Here are common items that people wear at work to protect different
parts of the body.

hard hat hair net apron back brace

gloves respirator face shield dust mask

�
0 earplugs/ rubber boots/ work shoes/ safety glasses/
earmuffs work boots safety shoes goggles

10 Lesson 2
What Does It Protect? __________ ____

Write the items that protect each part of the body. Use the words on
page 10.

1. These protect the eyes: __ _______________ _ _ _

_

2. These protect the head: ____________________

_

3. These protect the feet: ____________________

_

4. These protect the lungs: _ ________________ _ _ _

_

5. These protect the ears: ___ ______________ _ _ __

6. These protect the hands: ___________________

_

ProtectYourself ________________

Match each workplace danger with the equipment that protects

against the danger. Some items have more than one answer. Protective
equipment may be used more than once.

Danger Equipment

1. cuts on the hands a. goggles

2. dust or chemicals in the air b. earplugs

3. chemicals splashing the body c. safety shoes

4. falling objects d. back brace

5. loud machine noise e. face shield

6. objects hitting the eyes f. gloves

7. sore or strained back g. hair net

8. chemical fumes h. respirator

9. hair getting caught in machines i. rubber boots

10. wet floors j. hard hat
__ 11. working near flames or fire k. apron

Unit 1 11
What Should They Wear?

Write the protective items that the workers in the pictures need to
wear. There is more than one item for each picture.

earmuffs gloves work shoes apron work boots I

hard hat dust mask earplugs goggles face shield

1. 3.

2. 4.

12 Lesson 2
Work Safely

Check the correct reason for each statement.

1. Some factory workers wear hair nets because

__ a. their hair can get pulled into a machine

__ b. it is important to look neat on the job

2. Auto body repair workers often wear earplugs because

__ a. noise from power tools can damage their hearing

__ b. repair shops can be very cold in winter months

3. Machine workers usually wear goggles because

__ a. they can see better and do their work more exactly

__ b. sparks or pieces of metal can fly into their eyes

4. Some farmers wear respirators because

a. insect-killing chemical sprays can hurt their lungs

__ b. respirators feel very comfortable on the face

5. Nursing assistants often need to wear a back brace because

__ a. they can hurt their backs moving patients
__ b. they look more important if their backs are straight

What aboutYou?
Think about the personal protective equipment covered in this lesson.
Do you use any of these items in your work? Does anyone you
know use them? If so, which ones are used? For what job are they
used? Why? Create a chart on separate paper.

ear pluga factory loud machinea

gogglea factory aharp objecta flying around

Unit 1 13
LESSON Around the
3 Workpl ace

Study and Learn

Here are common safety devices that you can find in many workplaces.

/' ,

RREALARM
PULL
","
I
guardrail fire alarm smoke detector sprinkler

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m0m � {htEMOtY}
m CD (1) c:m!D (MO""OI)
uHI)(!) � ( 1_ )
I) (SCAN) GEl

fire extinguisher security system emergency first aid station

lighting

IEMERGENCyl

FIRST ......
AID ....

emergency exit first aid kit fire escape eyewash station

14 Lesson 3
What Should Be There?

Complete each sentence with the name of the safety item that is
needed.

fire extinguisher guardrail eyewash station

security system sprinklers fire escape
emergency lighting fire alarm first aid kit

1. Outside a large factory, a _______ leads down to the

ground from all floors.

2. There is always a _______ in a fast-food kitchen, where

cooks work all day with hot oil, grills, and ovens.

3. Many factories have an _______ in case workers splash

chemicals in their eyes.

4. During a power failure, _____ __

shows workers in an
office building how to reach the exits.

5. At night, a _______ sounds an alarm if a thief breaks into

a workplace.

6. At a construction site, a _______ keeps workers from

falling into the excavation.

7. If a fire begins in a clothing store, _______ on the ceiling

put out the fire right away.

8. Every workplace needs a _______ in case a worker gets

injured or sick on the job.

9. If a fire starts in a workplace, the sound of the _______

will tell workers to leave the building.

Unit 1 15
r
1
What Is the Danger? _____________

What safety problems do you see in the picture? Write the name of the
problem on the line.

a. empty first aid kit c. blocked emergency exit

h. locked exit door d. broken guardrail

1. 3.

2. 4.

I
i

16 Lesson 3
Do's and Don'ts _________________

Look at the pictures on page 16. Write a rule to correct each problem.

1. (first aid kit) Always _____________________

2. (emergency exit) Never _ ___________________

3. (guardrail) Always _ _____________________

4. (exit door) Never _ _____________________

What aboutYou?
Do you see any safety items from this lesson at your workplace? If so,
explain why each item is important.

1. _______ is important because _______________

2. _______ is important because _______________

3. _______ is important because _______________

Unit 1 17
LESSON First Aid
4 for the Workplace

Study and learn _......................_

Here are basic items that you can find in many first aid kits.

adhesive bandages eyecup/ hot water bottle ammonia/

eyewash smelling salts

Syrup
of
Ipecac

splint and sling syrup of ipecac gauze pads/ antiseptic:

gauze bandages spray/ointment

adhesive tape cotton swabs tweezers ice pack

18 Lesson 4
What to Use? _____________

Check one first aid item that each worker can use.

1. A landscaper is stung by a bee. What can she use to remove the

stinger?
a. tweezers b. cotton swab

2. A painter hurts his ankle in a short fall from a ladder. What can he
use to stop the swelling?
__ a. sling __ b. ice pack

3. A food preparation worker cuts his thumb while slicing meat. What
can he put on the wound to prevent infection?
a. hot water bottle __ b. antiseptic

4. A janitor splashes cleaning chemicals in her face. What can she use
to get the chemicals out of her eyes?
__ a. eyewash b. cotton swab

5. A cook spills boiling water on his arm. After he bathes the arm with
cool water, what can he put on the bum?
__ a. gauze pad b. hot water bottle

6. A computer operator has not eaten all day and faints. What can his
co-worker use to revive him?
__ a. smelling salts __ b. antiseptic

7. A construction worker falls and breaks her arm. What should she
use until she can get to a hospital?
__ a. gauze bandages __ b. splint and sling

8. If you eat or drink something poisonous, call the Poison Control

Center and find out if it is safe to use this product.
a. ammoma __ b. syrup of ipecac

9. A child gets a small cut on her knee at day care. What can the
daycare worker use to clean the cut?
a. cotton swabs b. tweezers

10. What can the daycare worker put on the child's cut to keep it clean?
a. an adhesive bandage b. an ice pack
Unit 1 19
Apply First Aid

Write the name of the first aid item that the worker needs in each
picture.

syrup of ipecac adhesive bandage hot water bottle eyewash/eyec

1. 3.

2. 4.

20 Lesson 4
Match each first aid item to its function.

First Aid Item Function

1. smelling salts a. holds liquids for rinsing an eye

2. splint b. provides heat to relax sore muscles

3. antiseptic c. holds bandages on the body

4. syrup of ipecac d. revives a fainting victim

5. eyecup e. is used to apply medication

6. tweezers f. helps pull out small, sharp objects

7. adhesive tape g. covers bums, cuts, or small wounds

8. gauze pad h. supports an injured arm or hand

9. ice pack i. reduces swelling of a sprained joint

10. cotton swab j. covers a small cut

11. eyewash k. holds a broken bone straight

12. hot water bottle I. is used to rinse an eye

13. adhesive bandage m. induces vomiting (makes a person vomit)

14. sling n. prevents infection in cuts

What aboutYou?
Does your workplace have a first aid kit or a first aid station? If so,
what first aid items are available?

Unit 1 21
Unit 1 Review
Read each situation below. Write the letter of the correct safety item
on the line.

a. adhesive bandage d. Caution: Wet Floor g. apron i. earmuffs

h. fire extinguisher e. Watch Your Step h. gloves j. back braa
c. emergency exit f. smoke detector

1. Jorge has just mopped the hallway. He puts out this sign to
warn people.

2. A small fire starts in the kitchen where Bea works. She uses
this to put out the fire.

3. Noise from power tools bothers Soo. She blocks the noise with
these.

4. Lynn carries a lot of boxes. This sign reminds her to be careful

on stairs.

5. Miriam cuts her arm. She puts this on to stop the bleeding and
cover the cut.

6. Smoke fills the front of Tony's store. He uses this to leave the
building.

7. Kay works in a photo lab. She protects herself from chemical

spills with this.

8. Charlie loads wooden crates of fruit onto delivery trucks.

He wears these to protect his hands from cuts and splinters.

9. The crates that Charlie loads are very heavy. He also wears
this to support his back when he lifts the crates.

10. Tina has one of these in every room of her company, to give a
warning in case there is a fire.

2 2 Unit 1 Review
UNIT 2
Safe Use of Tools
and Machinery

People use many different tools and machines in their jobs. These
tools and machines can make work easier, but there are also risks.

Unit 2 presents common hand tools, small power tools, and large
machinery. It includes some of the basic parts that make these tools
and machines operate. It also includes some important safety features
on many tools and machines.

Maybe you do not use a tool or machine yourself. But you need to
understand the possible risks and ways to avoid those risks.

As you study these lessons, think about these questions:

• What tools and machines do you use at work or in other activities?
• What tools and machines do your co-workers use?
• What do you and your co-workers do to be safe around tools and
machines?
• How can you use the language and the information in these
lessons to work more safely?

Unit 2 23
LESSON Hand Tools
5

Study and Learn

Here are common hand tools that people use in many different jobs.

hand drill hammers mallet screwdrivers

l �
�//]
hacksaw/ pinking shears/ pruning shears/ wire cutters/
handsaw kitchen shears garden shears smps

pliers chisels files wrenches

24 Lesson 5
Which Tool to Use?

Check the tool that each worker can use to do the job.

1. A gardener is cutting branches from bushes and trees.

__ a. pruning shears __ b. pliers

2. A mechanic is removing a flat tire from a car.

a. wrench b. hammer

3. An electrician is removing old cable.

a. wire cutters b. kitchen shears

4. A builder is removing small pieces from a brick.

a. hacksaw b. chisel

5. A furniture maker is making holes in a table top before she attaches

the legs.
a. hand drill b. file

6. A plumber is attaching a new showerhead to a pipe.

a. screwdriver b. wrench

7. A metalworker is cutting and shaping a piece of tin.

__ a. smps b. handsaw

8. A cabinetmaker is smoothing the edge of a piece of wood.

a. file b. chisel

9. A dressmaker is cutting a piece of cloth.

__ a. pruning shears b. pinking shears

10. A maintenance worker is replacing a doorknob.

a. wrench b. screwdriver

11. A cabinetmaker is fastening doors onto the frames of kitchen

cabinets.
a. screwdriver b. hammer

Unit 2 25
What Are the Dangers?

Study these safety rules for using hand tools. Write the letters of the
rules that each worker should follow.

a. Keep work area neat. d. Handle tools carefully.

h. Use the right tool. e. Work in a well-lighted area.
c. Keep tools sharp. f. Wear protective equipment.

1. 3.

2. 4.

26 Lesson 5
Be Safe _________________

Look again at the pictures on page 26. Write at least one piece of
safety advice for the workers in each picture. Circle Always or Never
to fit the advice. Give a reason for the advice.

Picture 1. AlwayslNever _ ____________________

because ----

Picture 2. AlwayslNever _____________________

because ----

Picture 3. AlwayslNever ______________________

because ________________________

Picture 4. AlwayslNever ______________________

because -----

What aboutYou?
Do workers use any of the hand tools from this lesson where you
work? If so, which ones? What jobs do they help workers do?
What are the safety risks in using the tools for those jobs?
Create a chart on separate paper.

hammer maintenance could hit fingers

Unit 2 27
LESSON Small
6 Power Tools

Study and Learn

Here are common power tools used in many different workplaces.

circular saw J1gsaw power drill sander

grinder welding torch staple gun glue gun

power paint sprayer vacuum cleaner buffers

screwdriver

28 Lesson 6
Do the Job

Check the tool that can be used for each job.

1. Han needs to sharpen the blades on his pruning shears before he can
trim bushes.
a. sander __ h. grinder

2. Lara joins the seams between sections of automobiles at the plant

where she works.
__ a. welding torch __ h. power drill

3. Sam needs to cut through several layers of heavy fabric to make

parts for clothing.
a. circular saw __ h. grinder

4. Marsha is applying paint to the handmade cabinets she sells in her

store.
a. buffer __ h. paint sprayer

5. Eddy has to make holes in the top and sides of a desk before he can
bolt the parts together.
__ a. power drill __ h. welding torch

6. Sergei is smoothing the surface of the new wood floor in a hotel

meeting room.
a. vacuum cleaner h. sander

7. Anna will put a shine on the surface of the floor after Sergei is
finished.
__ a. glue gun h. buffer

8. Franco cleans an office building. Every night he cleans the carpets

in all the offices.
a. vacuum cleaner h. sander

9. Jill needs to put a sheet of plastic over a window opening in the

house she is remodeling.
__ a. power drill h. staple gun

10. Sarah works on a machine assembly line.

a. power screwdriver h. circular saw
Unit 2 29
What Are the Dangers? _____________

What are the safety risks in each picture? Write the letters of the risks
on the line. Answers may be used more than once.

a. dust scratching the eyes d. back pain g. electrical she..:

h. shoulder or wrist pain e. difficulty breathing

c. hearing problems f. deep cut or puncture wound

1. 3.

2. 4.

30 Lesson 6
Be Safe

look at the list of safety risks on page 30. How can workers avoid
these risks? Write rules for safe use of power tools. Each rule may
apply to one or more tools

Tool(s) Rule for Safe Use

What aboutYou? LUilzza..UiIII!UEiIIRZUidl&Ed2ii"121 JjjiLJ .. un

Have you used any of the power tools on page 28? If so, which ones?
Where did you use them? For what jobs did you use them?
Fill in the chart. If you have used other power tools, include
those on the chart.

Unit 2 31
LESSON Heavy
7 Machinery

Study and Learn

Here are heavy machines that you can see in different types of
workplaces.

drill press die press bench sander table saw

trash compactor baler sewing machine guillotine shears

tractor mower bulldozer jackhammer

32 Lesson 7
What Do They Use? ___________

Write the name of the heavy machine that would be best for each
worker or situation. Use the words on page 32.

1. A construction worker uses a _______ to move large

amounts of earth or rocks.

2. A machine shop worker uses a _______ to punch holes in

sheet metal.

3. A supermarket worker uses a _______ to crush garbage

so it can be disposed of easily.

4. An office worker uses a _______ to pack empty cartons

together for recycling.

5. A textile worker uses a _______ to put pieces of cloth

together and make clothing.

6. A groundskeeper uses a _______ to keep grass short.

7. A farm worker uses a -------

to pull a plow or a
harvester.

8. A factory worker uses a _______ to make metal or wood

surfaces smooth.

9. A road worker uses a _______ to break up the road

surface before making repairs on the road.

10. A worker in an envelope factory uses a _______ to cut

thick piles of paper.

11. A metal worker uses a _______ to cut out specially

shaped pieces from sheet metal.

Unit233
--

What Is the Danger? _____________

Write the best warning sign to go with each picture. Some pictures
may require more than one warning.

Wear Safety Glasses No Loose Clothing Use Ear Prote-":�

Turn Off before Repair Keep Hands Clear Cover Long H.:..:

1. 3.

2. 4.

-..!'-,' ��/,� � ;\"h;;

\t,,'.!">1

34 Lesson 7
Know the Risks

What long-term health problem can each worker get from the job?
Check the best answer.

1. A farm worker operates a tractor all day in the sun.

__ a. skin problems __ h. stomach problems

2. A repair worker bends and kneels all day to fix broken machines.
__ a. lung problems __ h. back injury

3. A textile worker cuts material that releases small fabric particles into
the air.
__ a. foot injury __ h. breathing disorder

4. A machine shop worker turns the controls on a drill press over and
over agaIn.
__ a. wrist injury __ h. frequent headaches

5. A furniture maker uses a bench sander to smooth pieces of wood

before using them.
a. skin problems h. eye Injury

What aboutYou?
Think about the heavy machines in this lesson. Do you see any of
them at your workplace? If so, which ones? Who uses them?
What safety measures do those workers take to avoid risks?
Create a chart on separate paper.

Unit 2 35
jill

LESSON Operating
8 Parts

Study and Learn _____________

Here are common operating parts that are found on many tools and
machines.

�OFF
o
OFF

cord switch arm plug

.
,�;:;:.:.:::::::..

N·· � · o
••••••••••••••:

............
o

c;

blade belt/pulley rollers nozzle

� ::': ',

�
trigger pedal
G handle dial

36 Lesson 8
What Does It Do?

Complete each sentence with the word for the correct operating part.
Use the words on page 36.

1. Val presses the _______ on her sewing machine to make

it run.

2. Hong pulls the _______ on his paint gun when he wants

paint to spray out.

3. Dave flips the _______ on his floor buffer to OFF before

he unplugs the buffer.

4. Margo sets the _______ on the steam press to control the

temperature.

5. Abdul regularly cleans the _______ of his glue gun so

that the glue will flow out easily.

6. Silas uses a heavy-duty _______ to get electrical power

to his industrial vacuum cleaner.

7. Jud keeps the _______ on his shears very sharp so that

they will cut smoothly.

8. Sally pulls down the _______ on her die press to cut out
pieces of metal.

9. Lan uses a _______ system to bring clothes from the

back of the dry-cleaning store to the front.

10. Ray always carries his tools by their _ _ _ _ _ __

Unit 2 37
What Is the Danger?

Complete the warning for the worker in each picture. Be prepared to

say what can happen if the worker does not follow the warning.

Don't open that! It's still plugged in.

Take off your bracelet near the belt and pulley.
Don't tum that on! The cord is frayed.
The rollers on that belt are loose.

1. 3.

Careful. Watch it!

2. 4.

Look outl Hold it!

38 Lesson 8
Replace the Part

Here are common safety problems for operating parts. Write the
correct word beneath its description.

I frayed dull brittle stuck

1. The cover on your vacuum cleaner's cord is tearing away in long

pieces. You can see the electric wires inside it.

The cord is ___ ____

2. The rubber belt on your factory sewing machine is old and dry.
When the belt turns fast, parts of the rubber break away.

The belt is _______ and ready to snap.

3. You pull the trigger on a paint gun to make the gun work. But you
can't move the trigger back to OFF.

The trigger is _______

4. The blade on your table saw doesn't cut well anymore. You need to
replace it with a sharp blade.

The old blade is _______

What aboutYou?
Think about the tools and machines you use at work. What operating
parts do they have? What do you do to take care of those parts?
Create a chart on separate paper.

hammer handle make 6ure handle tightly "' ....,.."n

Unit 239
.--

LESSON Safety
9 Features

Study and learn

Here are common safety guards used on different tools and machines
in the workplace.

blade guard pulley guard lockout guard safety latch

p late guard cutoff switch gate body bar

I I
..
IlImi
om
I I
..

trip wire GFCI warning light electric eye

40 Lesson 9
What Does It Do?

Match each safety guard to what it does.

a. blade guard d. warning light g. GFCI

b. electric eye e. lockout guard h. trip wire
c. body bar f. plate guard i. gate

__ 1. stops a worker's body from falling into a machine

2. blocks fingers and hands from machine parts that cut

3. turns off a machine when a worker's body pushes against it

4. stops plugs from sending electric shocks from wall outlets

__ 5. blocks a worker from entering an area where a machine is

operating

6. turns off a machine when an object crosses its beam

7. stops workers from turning on a broken machine

8. flashes when there is danger in the work area

9. covers a switch so a machine cannot be turned on accidentally

Do the Job

Write the safety guards that do each job. Use the words on page 40.

1. These keep workers away from machine parts: ______________

2. These stop workers from turning on a machine:

3. These tum a machine off if there is a problem: ______________

Unit 2 41
What Do They Need?

Check the best safety guard for the worker in each situation.

1. Miguel is a carpenter. One day the belt on his bench sander breaks.
Right away he needs to use a
a. cutoff switch __ b. warning light

2. Sophia is a fabric cutter. She pushes the fabric into guillotine shears.
Her machine needs to have a
__ a. safety latch __ b. blade guard

3. George uses a jackhammer to repair streets. He does not want some­

one to start the jackhammer while he is on break. He uses a
__ a. safety latch __ b. body bar

4. Virgilio runs a drill press at a machine shop. One day the drill press
breaks down. Until it is repaired, the shop needs to put on a
a. cutoff switch __ b. lockout guard

5. Jan works an overhead crane that carries heavy parts in an auto

assembly plant. To make sure no one turns off the crane while it is
moving, he covers the switch with a
__ a. trip wire __ b. plate guard

6. Mike runs a trash compactor. Large belts raise and lower the
compactor. To make sure nothing gets caught in the belts, the
compactor has a
__ a. pulley guard b. cutoff switch

7. Armando is a machine operator in a processing plant. When he turns

on the machines, he has to make sure no one comes near them. His
area needs to have a
a. gate b. safety latch

42 Lesson 9
Be Safe _________________

Read each safety rule. Check Always or Never to make each rule true.

Always Never

1. A safety guard should let a worker touch the

moving parts of a machine.

2. A safety guard should be easy to remove if a

worker doesn't want to use it.

3. A safety guard should prevent objects from falling

into the moving parts of a machine.
�

4. A safety guard should permit comfortable and

easy operation of a machine.

5. A safety guard should block the worker's view of

what the machine is doing.

6. Lockout guards and plate guards should be small

and easy to pull off.

What aboutYou?
Do you see safety guards on tools and machines at your workplace?
If so, name them in the chart below. Then give a reason why the
guards are important.

guillotine shears blade guard to prevent cutting off fingers

garden shears safety latch 50 shears will not open accidentally

Unit 2 43
Unit 2 Review
For each tool, check the appropriate operating part and safety guard.
Make sure both items are on the tool.

1. bench sander 5. glue gun

a. belt and cutoff switch __ a. trigger and safety latcl
__ b. trigger and blade guard __ b. dial and pulley guard

2. sewing machine 6. guillotine shears

__ a. pedal and cutoff switch __ a. pulley and body bar
__ b. roller and trip wire __ b. blade and blade guard

3. paint sprayer 7. power drill

__ a. handle and warning light __ a. switch and plate guar<
__ b. nozzle and safety latch __ b. cord and safety latch

4. circular saw 8. wire cutters

__ a. plug and blade guard __ a. blade and safety latch
b. arm and cutoff switch __ b. handle and warning Ii

Write the hand tools, power tools, and heavy machines that have the
same function.

9. Tools that cut wood:

10. Tools that cut fabric: __________________

_

11. Tools that make surfaces or edges smooth: _ __________

12. Tools that cut metal:

13. Tools that break cement or rock:

44 Unit 2 Review
UNIT 3
Health and
Ergonomics

The conditions in which you work, the ways you move to perform
your job, and the ways you use machines and other equipment affect
your comfort and health. The study of these things is called ergonomics.

In Unit 3, you will learn about

• common work conditions that can affect health-noise,
temperature, lighting, and others
• equipment for climbing and for lifting or moving things in the
workplace
• movements common to many jobs and the ways to move safely

You will also learn about ways to reduce health and safety risks.

The conditions in which you work and the way you carry out your
job are important to your long-term health. As you study these
lessons, think about your own workplace and the conditions that
can affect your health. Think about how you can use the language
and information in these lessons to protect your health and feel
better at work.

Unit 3 45
LESSON A Healthy
10 Workplace

Study and Learn

Here are conditions in the workplace that can cause health problems.

eyestrain weak lighting confined space loud noise

contaminated poor ventilation temperature standing for

aIr extremes long periods

wrong chair poor workstation cramped repetitive motion

for the job design work position

46 Lesson 10
Be Safe _______________

Check the work condition that can cause a health problem for each worker.

1. Van repairs large freezers. Sometimes he must bend his body to fit
into a small space where a repair is needed.
__ a. repetitive motion __ h. cramped work position

2. Eva packs toys for shipment to stores. She works in a small room
with no air conditioning and just one window.
a. loud noise __ h. poor ventilation

3. Minh operates a steam press in a laundry. All day long he pulls the
control that lowers the press.
__ a. repetitive motion h. contaminated air

4. Janusz does construction work. He crawls inside large ground pipes

to seal connections between the pipes.
__ a. confined space h. loud noise

5. In an auto assembly plant, Pat operates the spray gun that applies a
chemical finish to the car seats.
__ a. wrong chair for job h. contaminated air

6. Micheline is a security guard at a shopping mall. All day she walks

from one end of the mall to the other.
__ a. standing for long periods __ b. weak lighting

7. Brahima lays wires for a television cable company. He works outside

all year.
__ a. temperature extremes __ h. poor workstation design

8. Angelina is a garment worker. When she sits at her sewing machine,

her feet do not touch the ground. She has to stretch to reach the
pedals of the sewing machine.
__ a. poor ventilation __ h. wrong chair for the job

9. Ray is a pressman in a printing plant. The presses that he works

around are very noisy.
a. repetitive motion b. loud noise

Unit 3 47
What Is the Problem?

In each picture, identify one or more work conditions that can cause
health problems. Use the conditions on page 46.

1. 3. r==�_

2. 4.

48 Lesson 10
Health Problems

look again at the pictures on page 48. Write the letters of the health
risks for each worker. Some pictures have more than one health risk.
You may use answers more than once.

a. back pain d. leg cramps g. wrist injury

h. hearing problems e. eyestrain h. neck pain
c. heat stress f. pain in arms i. headache

Picture 1: ___________ Picture 3: __________

Picture 2: ___________ Picture 4: __________

What aboutYou?
Think about the conditions at your workplace. In the chart, write OK
if you are satisfied with the condition. Write Not OK if you think a
change is needed. If change is needed, write your idea of how to
improve the condition.

IliFonditio n OK/Not OK Idea for Improvement

ventilation

air quality

lighting

temperature

workstation design

seating (chairs/benches)

noise level

Unit 3 49
LESSON Moving Things
11 Around

Study and Learn _____________

Here are common devices that help workers lift or move things in the
workplace.

� �/
� IAJ
hand truck dolly cart wheelbarrow

forklift front-end loader hook platform

ramps conveyor belt sling roller belt

50 Lesson 1 1
Do the Job

Check the best device for each worker to use.

1. A mover is taking a washing machine into a home.

a. hand truck h. roller belt

2. An auto repair worker is lifting an engine out of a car.

a. wheelbarrow h. hook

3. A warehouse worker is moving boxes to the shelves.

__ a. sling h. hand truck

4. A waiter is taking dirty plates to the kitchen.

a. cart __ h. ramp

5. A gardener is moving dirt away from a work area.

__ a. dolly h. wheelbarrow

6. A construction worker is pushing large piles of dirt back from an

excavation.
a. front-end loader h. hand truck

7. A food delivery worker is unloading boxes of frozen meat from the

street down to the basement of a restaurant.
a. roller belt h. wheelbarrow

8. A hospital aide is moving a patient in a wheelchair down to an

X-ray room on a lower part of the same floor.
__ a. ramp __ h. conveyor belt

9. A worker in a meat-packing plant is taking packed crates to the

shipping department.
a. wheelbarrow b. forklift

10. The salesperson at a home improvement store has to get products

off high storage shelves for customers.
__ a. platform h. conveyor belt

Unit 3 51
 What Do They Need?

Write the device or devices that can help each worker do the job
safely. Some choices may be used more than once.

platform hand truck forklift wheelbarro'

conveyor belt dolly sling ramp

1. 3.

4.

52 Lesson 1 1

..
What's the Risk?

look again at the pictures on page 52. Write the letter of the safety
risks for each worker. You may use answers more than once.

a. back injury from lifting or carrying heavy items

h. foot or leg injury from falling materials

c. shoulder or neck injury from reaching to do a job
d. body injury from slipping or falling
e. hand injury from materials hitting together

Picture 1: ___________ Picture 3:

Picture 2: Picture 4:

What about You?

Which devices for moving things do you see where you work? Where
in the workplace are they located? Who uses them? Fill in the
chart. If your workplace has devices that are not in the lesson,
include them too.

Device location(s) Used by

ramp entrance delivery people.

customers in wheelchairs

hand truck kept in mailroom mail clerks

Unit 3 53
 Safe Movement
in the Workplace

Study and learn

Here are words for common movements that people make in the
workplace.

bending stooping pushing pulling

reaching stretching lifting carrymg

twisting rotating squatting kneeling

54 Lesson 12
Repeated Movements

Some job injuries happen because workers repeat the same movements
over long periods of time. Check the body part that can be hurt most by
repeated movements in each job.

1. An assembly line worker lifts boxes from the floor to a conveyor

belt.
a. feet h. back

2. A repair worker reaches across the work table for tools.

__ a. fingers h. shoulders

3. A plumber squats to fix pipes under a sink.

a. knees h. arms

4. A housekeeper stoops to clean under furniture.

a. wrists h. back

5. A stock clerk twists his body to move packages from the floor to
the shelves.
__ a. waistlhips h. shoulders

6. A sales clerk stretches to take items down from shelves.

a. chest h. shoulders

7. A furniture builder rotates a screwdriver to tighten screws in wood.

__ a. eyes b. wrist

8. A flooring installer kneels for long periods to lay tile or linoleum.

a. knees __ h. eyes

9. A warehouse worker pushes or pulls a hand truck loaded with

heavy cartons.
a. back h. feet

10. A supermarket worker bends to stock products on low shelves.

a. elbow h. back

Unit 3 55
Move Safely!

What can each worker do to reduce the pain he or she feels from the
job? Check the right answer.

1. Serge lifts heavy boxes onto hand trucks all day. His back always
hurts at the end of the day. He should
a. bend his knees when he lifts

__ b. keep his knees straight and bend over when he lifts

2. Lou kneels to clean floors all day. His knees always hurt at the end of
the day. He should
a. squat and not kneel to do his job

__ b. wear knee pads or put down a pad where he kneels

3. Phu bends over a table to assemble computer boards. His back

always hurts at the end of the day. He should
__ a. hold the computer boards in his hands while he works
__ b. lower the height of his chair or find a shorter one

4. Athina stretches all day to get parts off a conveyor belt. Her neck and
shoulders always hurt. She should
a. stand on a small platform or stool to get things

__ b. wear shoes with taller heels to gain more height

5. Phil pulls carts with heavy loads behind him. His back and shoulders
hurt at the end of the day. He should
__ a. push the carts in front of him

__ b. take lighter loads and make more trips

6. Maurice carries heavy bags by balancing them on his hip. His back
and hips hurt at the end of the day. He should
a. hold them over his head while he carries them

__ b. hold them in front with both arms or use a dolly

56 Lesson 12
lifting and Carrying

Read each statement. Write Y for Yes if you think it gives good
advice. Write N for No if you think it gives bad advice. Be ready to
explain your answers.

__ 1. Bend at the waist to pick up something heavy.

__ 2. When you carry a heavy box, hold it to one side and support it
with your hip.

__ 3. When possible, lift things at the same level as your arms, not
where you must stoop or stretch.

__ 4. Ask for help if something is too heavy to lift.

__ 5. Look to see that the floor ahead is clear before you carry
things.

6. Hold things away from your body to carry them.

7. Turn your whole body if you need to lift something and move
it in a different direction.

__ 8. Pile things high in your arms if you have a lot to carry, so you
don't have to make as many trips.

What about YOU?

Look back at the words on page 54. Which body movements do you
make at work? Do you ever feel pain from these movements?
If so, from which ones? Where in your body do you feel the pain?
Create a chart on separate paper. Discuss what you can do to
reduce or prevent the pain.

Pain/No Pain Part(s) of

Unit 3 57
LESSON Climbing in
13 the Workplace

Study and Learn

Here are common devices for climbing or working above the ground.

fixed ladder stepladder rolling ladder straight ladder

extension ladder hook ladder scaffold platform laddeJ

2
3

side rail(l)/ platform(l)/ rungs(l)/ steps/

cross brace(2) guardrail(2) pulley(2)/rope(3) handrails

58 Lesson 1 3
What to Use _____________

Check the climbing device that each worker can use to do the job safely.

1. Severin is installing gutters on a two-story house.

__ a. rolling ladder b. extension ladder

2. Hoa is changing the wiring for a kitchen ceiling light.

__ a. stepladder b. extension ladder

3. Joel and Omar are painting the top part of a wall in a train station.
a. scaffold __ b. platform ladder

4. Habib is checking a leak in the roof of a water tower that is

200 feet tall.
__ a. stepladder b. fixed ladder

5. Mahmoud is taking down several books from different sections of a

high shelf in his bookstore.
__ a. rolling ladder b. fixed ladder

6. Manny and Albert are installing windows on the fifth floor of an

apartment building.
a. extension ladder b. scaffold

7. Anita is restocking boxes on high storage shelves in a department

store stockroom.
__ a. straight ladder b. rolling ladder

8. Lenny is replacing a first-floor window.

__ a. stepladder b. straight ladder

9. Katya is checking the roof of a house to see if any shingles need to

be replaced.
a. fixed ladder b. extension ladder

Unit 3 59
Do's and Don'ts: Ladders

Study these safety rules for using ladders. Write the numbers of the
rules that each worker should follow. Discuss what can happen if the
rules are not followed.

2.
1. Keep body within side rails.

2. Set base on a level surface.

3. Hold on with at least one hand.

4. Never let two workers climb on a

single ladder.

5. Lock the cross brace.

6. Never stand on the top step.

7. Check that all rungs are in good

condition.

8. Keep ladder away from wiring.

9. Wear shoes with nonslip soles.

1. 3.

60 Lesson 1 3
Safety Tips

Complete each sentence with the correct word.

I rope handrail rungs steps guardrails

1. Make sure the _______ of a rolling ladder are dry. You can

slip if there is any water on them.

2. Hold onto the _______ for greater security when you go

up or down a rolling ladder.

3. Keep the _______ on an extension ladder in good

condition. If it is frayed and breaks, the ladder can fall.

4. Make sure the _______ on your ladder are strong and in

good condition before you climb the ladder.

5. Make sure the _______ around any scaffold or platform

are high and strong, to prevent a fall.

What about You?

look again at the climbing devices on page 58. Do you see any of
them in your workplace? If so, which ones? Where are they used?
What jobs do they help workers do? Create a chart on separate paper.

location Job(s)

Unit 3 61
Unit 3 Review
Write the letter of the term described in each situation.

a. stepladder e. hearing loss h. temperature extremes

h. cart f. conveyor belt i. contaminated air
c. rungs g. wheelbarrow j. poor ventilation
d. guardrail

1. Ha's workplace fills with fumes when chemicals leak from

old storage tanks. He worries about this safety problem.

2. Carmilla stands near the edge of a high scaffold to paint.

Without this protection she can fall.

3. Aaron stands on his toes and stretches his arms to put cartons
on a high shelf. This device will help.

4. Tai's workshop has small windows and no fans to move air.

This condition can cause health problems.

5. Van needs to move boxes from one side of a factory floor to

the other. This device will help.

6. Richard uses a ladder in his job. Before he climbs on it, he

should always check these.

7. Tony's work area is always full of noise from power drills.

He worries about this problem.

8. Blanca wants to remove a pile of bricks from a construction

area. This will make the job easier.
,

9. Stefan mows lawns in the summer and operates a snowplow in

the winter. He worries about health problems caused by this.

10. Loni is a nurse's aide. She uses this to take medical

equipment and medications to patients' rooms.

62 Unit 3 Review
UNIT 4
Safety Information
and labeling

Tags on machinery and labels on containers give important safety

information. The tags give warnings such as when it is dangerous to
tum a machine on. The labels give information about safe use of the
products, possible health risks, first aid in case of an accident, and
storing or disposing of a product safely.

The lessons in this unit will help you understand tags and labels so
that you can use the information that they provide. You will learn
• how to recognize situations in which safety warnings apply
• what equipment to use to protect yourself
• what to do in case of an accident with a product at work
• how to recognize common warning symbols on tags and labels

As you study these lessons, think about the machines at your

workplace and the products that you or your co-workers use. You
may not use those machines or products yourself. But you can be
exposed to risks if others are using them. The warnings and
instructions on tags and labels are vital to your safety and the safety
of workers around you.

Unit463
LESSON labels
14 and Tags

Study and learn' _____________

Here are common warning labels and tags that you can see on tools
and machines in the workplace:

(lfaljit,]�I
thuMa'
DO NOT
OPEN
�
SHUT OFF
DO NOT START VALVE BEFORE
EQUIPMENT SERVICING

Do Not Start Lockout: Do Not Shut Off

Equipment Do Not Operate Open Valve before Servicing

a.�
•
:�WARNING�
KEEP �
,J KEEP
HANDS
GUARDS AWAY
RADIATION IN PLACE
HAZARD

Radiation Keep Guards Keep Hands Objects May Be

Hazard in Place Away Thrown from
Machine

[!!lji[']�1
PINCH
POINT
�
I HIGH
HOT
SURFACE
0
ROTATING
VOLTAGE BLADES

Pinch Point High Voltage Hot Surface Rotating Blades

64 Lesson 14
What Is the Danger?

Check the tag or label that is most important for each worker.

1. Enrique is mowing the grounds around a school. There are sticks and
rocks in the area he is cutting.
__ a. Do Not Start Equipment __ h. Objects May Be Thrown from Machine

2. Francesca operates an X-ray machine in a dentist's office.

__ a. Keep Hands Away h. Radiation Hazard

3. Subra works for a catering business. The ovens in the kitchen run
all day.
a. Hot Surface __ h. High Voltage

4. Al cuts wood with a table saw. A hard piece of plastic around the
blade stops it from cutting off his fingers.
__ a. Do Not Start Equipment __ h. Keep Guards in Place

5. Tam is repairing a broken water heater. Hot water can burn him if it
flows while he is working.
__ a. Do Not Open Valve __ h. Keep Hands Away

6. Sara is starting her shift. During the last shift one of the machines
broke down and has not been fixed yet.
a. Keep Guards in Place h. Lockout: Do Not Operate

What Does It Say?

Write the tags or labels from page 64 that give these warnings.

1. Watch out for danger to your body! ____________ ______

2. Use the safety features on the equipment! ________________

3. Don't use this equipment! ___________________ _

_

Unit4 65
-

What's the Warning?

Write the tag or label warnings that are most likely to appear on each
tool or machine. You may use warnings more than once.

Rotating Blades Pinch Point Keep Guards in PIc

Hot Surface Keep Hands Away Shut Off before Sel
Objects May Be Thrown from Machine

1. 3.

2. 4.

66 Lesson 14
Tags to Know _________....__..__

Some tags describe qualities that affect tool or machine safety. Write
the letter of the tag next to its meaning.

a. Starts Automatically c. Volts e. Fragile Parts

b. Defective Machinery d. Inspected by __ on __

1. This is the type of electric power that safely runs a tool or

machine.

2. The machine parts can break easily.

3. This tool or machine was poorly made or has bad parts.

4. This machine was checked for safety.

__ 5. This machine is programmed to start and stop on its own.

What about You?

What tags or labels with warnings do you see at your workplace?
On which tools or machines do they appear? Why are they there?

Tool. 1�.a",llIne

Unit467
LESSON Warnings
J
15 on Labels

Study and Learn

These labels warn of possible dangers and health hazards from

workplace materials.

:OrARNI�
�
IRRITANT

Toxic Corrosive Irritant Carcinogen

:�ARNINcC
FOR
EXTERNAL
USE ONLY
~HARMFUL
IF INGESTED

Flammable/ For External Harmful Contents

Combustible Use Only if Ingested under Pressure

o.ARN'N� CAUTION CAUTION

®
• USE I N WELL AVOID
9
RESPIRATORY
HAZARD
DO NOT
INHALE VAPORS
OR FUMES
VE NTILATED
AREA
PROLO NGED
EXPOSURE

Respiratory Do Not Inhale Use in Well Avoid Prolonged

Hazard Vapors or Fumes Ventilated Area Exposure

68 Lesson 15
Be Safe ______________

Check the answer that best completes each statement.

1. The label says "For External Use Only." You should not
__ a. use this product inside the house

__ h. eat or drink this product

2. The label says "Toxic." The product

__ a. can make you sick or kill you if you swallow it

__ h. will catch on fIre easily

3. The label says "Irritant." The product

__ a. is corrosive and will eat through metal

__ h. will cause a rash or itching on your skin

4. The label says "Use in Well Ventilated Area." The product is

probably
__ a. dangerous to use in a small, closed room

__ h. dangerous to use outside in the backyard

5. The label says "Contents under Pressure." The can that holds the
product may
__ a. burst or explode if exposed to heat

__ h. bum you if you pick it up without gloves

6. The label says "Avoid Prolonged Exposure." The product

a. can harm you if you use it for a long time
__ h. can harm you right away

7. The label says "Carcinogen." The product

__ a. can catch on fIre easily

__ h. can cause cancer over a long period of use

8. The label says "Harmful if Ingested." You should not

__ a. use this product near fIre

__ h. use this product on or near food

Unit469
Safety Warnings

Check the label that best warns each worker about a possible health
hazard in his or her job.

1. A gardener spreads fertilizing chemicals with his bare hands. He then

goes inside to have lunch.
a. Corrosive __ b. Harmful if Ingested

2. A cabinetmaker uses a strong polish to put the finish on a cabinet.

She works in a small room with no windows.
a. Use in Well Ventilated Area __ b. Carcinogen

3. A restaurant worker uses oven cleaner to remove hardened food on

the inside surface of the oven.
a. Flammable __ b. Avoid Prolonged Exposure

4. A laundry worker uses liquid bleach to take stains out of shirts and
sweaters.
a. Contents under Pressure b. Toxic

5. A mechanic fixes leaks in refrigerators. He replaces the coolant with

gas from cylinders.
__ a. For External Use Only b. Contents under Pressure

6. An auto shop worker sprays paint on car bodies. He breathes the

vapors from the paint all day long.
__ a. Do Not InhaleVapors or Fumes __ b. Harmful if Ingested

7. A janitor is putting trash in the incinerator. There are several spray

cans in the trash.
a. Toxic b. Contents under Pressure

8. A hairdresser is coloring a customer's hair. He usually wears latex

gloves to apply the color.
a. Irritant b. Corrosive

70 Lesson 15
labels and Protective Equipment ________

Match each warning label with the equipment that will best protect
the body from the health hazard. Some equipment can be used more
than once.

__ 1. Avoid Contact with Eyes a. gloves

__ 2. Do Not Inhale Vapors h. dust mask

3. Avoid Contact with Clothes c. goggles

4. Skin Irritant d. respirator

5. Do Not Inhale Particles e. apron

__ 6. Respiratory Hazard

7. Corrosive

Safety for You

Do you use or see in your workplace products with warning labels
from this lesson? What are the products? Which warning labels do
you see on them? What health hazards do they warn against? Fill
in the chart. Discuss what a worker has to do to use those products
safely.

,
� War ni ng Label Health Hazard(s)

Unit471
LESSON First Aid Information
16 on Labels

Study and Learn

These first aid instructions appear on many products that are used in
the workplace.

• •
RINSE
:�;����.:
..:.
FLUSH WITH
..
FLUSH EYES
WASH WITH
SOAP AND
IMMEDIATELY WATER IMMEDIATELY WATER

Rinse Flush with water Flush eyes Wash with soap

immediately immediately and water

MOVE TO
FRESH AIR

Move to Induce vomiting Do not Call Poison

fresh air induce vomiting Control Center

REMOVE
+ SEEK + �
Y
CONTAMINATED GIVE
CLOTHING ARTIFICIAL MEDICAL SEE
DOCTOR
RESPIRATION ATTENTION IF CONDITION
PERSISTS

Remove Give artificial Seek medical See doctor if

contaminated respiration attention condition persists
clothes

72 Lesson 16
What Should They Do? _____________

Check the best first aid instruction for each worker to follow.

1. Mario accidentally swallows a small amount of liquid bleach that got

into his coffee cup.
__ a. Give artificial respiration h. Call Poison Control Center

2. Therese is using a strong cleanser to wash floors. Some of the liquid

splashes into her eyes and irritates them.
a. Flush with water __ h. Wash with soap and water

3. Kim is applying dry cleaning fluid to clothes in the back room of a

laundry. She feels sickened by the fumes.
a. Move to fresh air h. Call Poison Control Center

4. Carlos rebuilds car batteries. Acid from a battery spills onto his shirt
and begins to corrode the fabric.
__ a. Remove contaminated clothing h. Seek medical attention

5. Hanna spreads weed-killer on the lawns that she tends. One day the
wind blows some of it into her eyes. After 24 hours her eyes are still
red and painful.
a. Move to fresh air __ h. See doctor if condition persists

6. Ahmed is polishing furniture. The polish is getting on his hands and

causing a mild irritation.
a. Move to fresh air __ h. Wash with soap and water

7. Ray is cleaning his computer screen. He accidentally sprays some of

the cleaner in his eyes.
__ a. Wash with soap and water __ h. Flush eyes immediately

8. Angelo is cleaning the carpets in a customer's home. The customer's

little boy drinks a little bit of the carpet cleaning fluid.
a. Do not induce vomiting h. Give artificial respiration

Unit473
Read the Label., _

Complete the label with the correct word or phrase.

persists artificial respiration flush fresh air

wash Poison Control Center induce vomiting

FIRST AID TREATMENT

IF SWALLOWED: Do not ------

. Call

_______ immediately.
2

IF IN EVES: _______ with plenty of water

3

for at least 15 minutes.

IF ON SKIN: _______ promptly with

4

soap and water. If irritation ______ , seek

5

medical attention.

IF INHALED: Move victim to _________________

If breathing has stopped, apply ___________

74 Lesson 16
Safety Checkup

Look again at the first aid instructions on page 74. Review your
answers with a partner or group. Use the instructions and write T for
True or F for False for each statement.

1. Consult a physician immediately if this product gets on your

skin.

__ 2. Lie down in a quiet room in the workplace if you get sick from
breathing this product.

3. If this product gets in your eyes, wash them out with a lot of
water for more than 15 minutes.

4. If you swallow this product, make yourself vomit.

__ 5. If you stop breathing, a co-worker who knows how to do

artificial respiration should try to help you.

6. If you get this product on your hands, use soap and water to
wash it off.

Safety for You

Look at the label on one of the products you use or see in your
workplace. What first aid instructions are there? Write them on the
chart below. Discuss how a worker can use the product safely.

Product First la$tructions

Unit475
LESSON Safe Storage
17 and Disposal

Study and Learn

These signs and instructions tell how to store and dispose of many
products safely.

® DO NOT
PUNCTURE
CONTAINER
DO NOT
INCINERATE
INFECTIOUS
WASTE

Do Not Discard Do Not Puncture Do Not Incinerate Infectious Waste

in Trash Container

STORE
AT ROOM
TEMPERATURE
@ DO NOT STORE
AWAY FROM
DO NOT STORE
BELOW3r F
STORE
NEAR FOOD HEAT OR FLAME

Store at Room Do Not Store Store away from Do Not Store

Temperature near Food Heat or Flame below 32°F

CHEMICAL

KEEP CONTAINER � ....... STORAGE AREA

TIGHTLY CLOSED
REPLACE CAP FLUSH SPILLS
AFTER EACH USE WITH WATER

Replace Cap Keep Container Flush Spills Chemical

after Each Use Tightly Closed with Water Storage Area

76 Lesson 17
What Is the Warning? ______________

Check the instruction that tells a worker how to avoid each hazard.

1. This product is combustible.

3. Do Not Store below 32°F h. Store away from Heat or Flame

2. This product makes people sick if they eat it.

3. Do Not Store near Food h. Do Not Discard in Trash

3. The fumes from this product can make people sick.

__ 3. Keep Container Tightly Closed __ h. Store at Room Temperature

4. Workers must be careful not to spill this product.

3. Infectious Waste h. Replace Cap after Each Use

5. The pressure in this container can make it explode.

__ 3. Keep Container Tightly Closed __ h. Do Not Puncture Container

6. The contents of this container can cause diseases.

3. Infectious Waste h. Replace Cap after Each Use

7. You must not freeze this product.

3. Do Not Incinerate h. Do Not Store below 32°F

8. Workers must use a lot of water to clean up this product if it gets on

the floor.
__ 3. Flush Spills with Water h. Infectious Waste

9. This product must not get very hot or very cold.

3. Do Not Store near Food h. Store at Room Temperature

10. This product will explode if you put it in a fire.

3. Do Not Discard in Trash h. Do Not Incinerate

Unit477
Follow Instructions tII
s: _------

Write the storage or disposal instruction that each worker should

follow. Discuss why the instruction is important.

Do Not Store near Food Keep Container Tightly Closed

Do Not Discard in Trash Do Not Incinerate

1. 3.

2. 4.

78 Lesson 17
Be Safe .w _

Check the answer that explains how to follow the instructions.

1. The label says "Do Not Store below 32°F."

a. Keep the product in a freezer.

__ h. Keep the product in a cabinet.

2. The label says "Flush Spills with Water."

__ a. Use wet towels to wipe up the spill.

__ h. Use a hose to wash away the spill.

3. The label says "Do Not Discard in Trash."

__ a. Find out how your company disposes of containers like this.

__ h. Wrap the container in a plastic bag before you put it in the trash.

4. The label on a cabinet says "Chemical Storage Area."

__ a. Open the cabinet only to remove or store chemicals you need

for your job.

__ h. Put all chemical containers on one shelf so you can put your
lunch in the same cabinet.

Safety for You

Look at products you use or see in your workplace. Where are they
stored? Where are they disposed of? Do those procedures match
the instructions on the product labels? Create a chart on separate
paper.

Storage Disposal o

Unit479
Unit 4 Review
For each type of hazard, write a warning, a first aid instruction, and a
storage or disposal instruction that go together.

1. Breathing

VVarning ____________________________________________________

First Aid ___________________________________________________

StoragelDisposal ____________________________________________

2. SkinJEyes

VVarning ___________________________________________________

F rrst Aid ___________________________________________________

StoragelDisposal ______________________________________________

3. FirelExplosion

VVarning ____________________________________________________

Frrst Aid __________________________________________________

StoragelDisposal _____________________________________________

4. Poison

VVarning ____________________________________________________

First Aid ____________________________________________

StoragelDisposal _______________________________________

80 Unit4Review
Safety Tool Kit

The information and activities in this Safety Tool Kit focus on specific
topics to help you work more safely.

"Reading an MSDS" will help you understand Material Safety Data

Sheets. These sheets give important information about chemical
products used in many workplaces.

"Glossary of Health and Injury Terms" gives common terms and

simple explanations for many health problems. You may need to
discuss a problem with a co-worker, supervisor, or health-care worker.

"Health and Safety Policies" introduces policies dealing with

workplace safety. Many companies have policies like these.

"Lockouts and Tagouts (LOTO)" identifies very important warnings

used with heavy machinery. Following proper LOTO procedures can
be a matter of life and death.

Do you ever feel pain at work or after work? The simple exercises in
the last Tool Kit section can help reduce or prevent some of the pain.

Safety Tool Kit 81

TOOL KIT Reading an
A MSDS

MSDS stands for "Material Safety Data Sheet." An MSDS gives details
about chemical products used for cleaning, manufacturing, repair, and
many other jobs.

The information on an MSDS is very important in all jobs where

chemical products are used. A product can be dangerous if a worker
does not understand what it is or what its hazards are. The MSDS
answers many questions about a chemical product and its safety. It
gives more information than you will find on the product label. The
information tells you
• what the chemical is and how it can be dangerous
• what clothing or equipment to wear for protection
• how to avoid fires, explosions, and other accidents
• what to do for first aid if you are exposed to the chemical
• what to do if there is a fire, spill, or other accident

Sometimes you see numbers on an MSDS. These numbers show the risk
levels in using the material. Zero (0) means no risk. One (1) means low
risk. Two (2) and three (3) mean higher risk. Four (4) stands for the most
serious risk.

The law requires all companies that use chemical products to make
MSDS information available to employees. Employees have a right to
know about the possible hazards of a chemical they use on the job. Find
out where your company keeps MSDS files. If you are worried about a
chemical at your workplace, look at the MSDS. If you do not understand
all the information, ask someone to help you read it. The information
can be very important for your safety.

82 Tool Kit A
Summary of an MSDS

Here is a short summary of an MSDS. It describes the general areas of

information you will find on an MSDS.A real MSDS will be longer. But
you don't have to read all of an MSDS if you have a question. Usually,
one or two sections will give the answer you need.

1. Chemical Product and Company Identification

• gives name of product and explains how it is used
• gives name and address of company that makes the product

2. Information on Ingredients
• lists hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals in the product
• identifies limits of safe exposure to the product

3. Hazards Identification
• gives hazard ratings (0-4) for the product
• lists possible hazards to parts of the body
• identifies any cancer risk from the product

4. First Aid Measures

• gives medical information and information about first aid treatment
for employees who are exposed to the product

5. Fire-Fighting Measures
• lists combustible chemicals in the product
• tells how to avoid fire risks when using the product
• tells how to put out a fire that starts from the product and what
protective equipment to wear

6. Accidental Release Measures

• tells how to clean up the product when it leaks or spills
• lists protective equipment to wear during cleanup

7. Handling and Storage

• gives information for safe handling and storage of the product

Safety Tool Kit 83

 8. Exposure ControlslPersonal Protection
• tells companies how to lower health risks for employees who are
exposed to the product
• lists personal protective equipment employees can wear when
using the product

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

• tells how the product will behave at different temperatures
• tells how the product will behave when mixed with water

10. Stability and Reactivity

• lists other chemicals that can cause a hazard if they are mixed
with the product
• lists materials that can create a hazard if they come into contact
with the product

11. Toxicological Information

• gives information about whether the product is toxic, including
health effects on both humans and animals

12. Ecological Information

• tells how a spill of the product can be hazardous to animal life
and pollute rivers, land areas, air, etc.

13. Disposal Considerations

• gives information for proper disposal of the product

14. Transport Information

• tells how to pack and label the product for safe transport and
shipping

84 Tool Kit A
 Using an MSDS _______________

I Check the section of the MSDS where each worker can find
information or help.

1. Yang works in a factory that makes batteries. She wants to know

more about possible cancer risk from exposure to the liquid metal
used in making the product.
__ a. Fire-Fighting Measures h. Hazards Identification

2. Ben's plumbing company uses copper pipes. The copper dust irritates
his eyes when he cuts the pipes. He wants to know how he can
protect his eyes while he works.
a. Exposure Controls/ h. Handling and Storage
Personal Protection

3. Manny works in a perfume factory that uses a special alcohol. He

wants to know how long he can breathe the vapors before there is a
possible health risk.
__ a. Transport Information __ h. Information on Ingredients

4. Jim is an employee at a plastics factory. He hears other workers say

that a chemical they use is highly flammable. He wants to know if
this is true.
__ a. Disposal Considerations __ h. Fire-Fighting Measures

5. Olga works for a printing company. Some of the ink spills on her
hands and irritates them. She wants to know the best way to remove
the ink from her skin.
a. First Aid Measures b. Accidental Release Measures

6. Irena works in a factory that uses a particular chemical to make weed

killer. She wants to know more about what this chemical is and how
it is used.
a. Chemical Product and h. First Aid Measures
Company Information

Safety Tool Kit 85

TOOL KIT Glossary of
B Health and Injury Terms

This glossary explains common words to describe injuries, pain, and

other health problems that develop from workplace conditions. It is
important to use accurate words when you explain a problem you are
having to a doctor.

Note: This glossary gives only the most common use of each word.
It does not list all uses for every word.

ache: to have a dull pain that continues for several hours or days
• Betty's arms still ache from the heavy lifting she did yesterday.

fatigue: a feeling of tiredness

• Because of his fatigue, Ahmet almost fell asleep while he was
driving.

fracture: to break a bone

• Vladimir fractured his leg when he fell from the scaffold.

mental problem: an illness or injury that starts in, or affects, the mind;
compare to physical problem below
• The doctor said Minh's stomach problems were probably mental
m orzgm.
. . .

numbness: a health or injury problem in which there is no feeling in a

part of the body
• Sofia felt numbness in her hands after working outside in the cold
alr.

86 Tool Kit B
physical problem: an illness or injury that starts in, or affects, the
body; compare to mental problem above
• A complete examination showed that Loni was in good health and
had no physical problems.

puncture: to injure with a sharp point that makes a hole into the body
• The drill punctured Ken's hand.

shock: 1. an injury caused by the sudden passing of electricity through

the body
• The wet plug gave Miriam a bad shock that sent her to the
hospital.

2. a physical reaction to injury, often with fast heartbeat,

change in breathing, and a feeling of weakness and confusion
• Augusto was still in shock after his accident.

slip: to fall on a wet or slippery surface

• Abe slipped on the ice while unloading the truck.

sprain: to injure a part of the body by turning it suddenly;

see twist below
• Soo sprained her wrist while trying to loosen the bolts on the tire.

strain: to injure a part of the body by pushing or pulling with too much
force for too long a time
• Joe strained a muscle by pulling too hard on a sofa he was moving.

stress: a feeling of mental pressure caused by too many difficulties in

your job or personal life
• Orly felt a great deal of stress because of language difficulties and
money problems.

Safety Tool Kit 87

tightness: pain in a muscle that becomes stiff and hard from overwork
• Karl loosened the tightness in his back by taking a hot bath.

tingle: to feel as if small pinpoints are touching the skin

• Erica's legs sometimes tingled because she sat in the same
position at work all day.

trip: to fall by catching your foot on something

• Van tripped over the box that another worker had left in the
middle of the floor.

twist: to hurt a part of the body by turning it sharply; see sprain above
• Gwen twisted her knee when she turned too fast.

wound: a serious injury that breaks or tears the skin

• Ian's foot wound was bleeding so badly that he needed stitches to
close it.

88 Tool Kit B
TOOL KIT Health and
C Safety Policies

Policies are company rules. Exact policies may differ from company to
company, but the problems that the policies deal with are often the same.

Here is a sample of health and safety policies from an employee

handbook. Many company policies are similar to these.

Apex Tool Company

Employee Handbook

Health and Safety Policies

Health Policies

Smoking Policy Employees may smoke only in special

areas identified by the company. Smoking in all other areas
on company property is cause for disciplinary action or
referral to corrective action programs.

Drug and Alcohol Policy All use of illegal drugs or

alcoholic beverages while on duty is prohibited. Apex may
test employees for drug or alcohol use. Employees who test
positive will be referred to a corrective action program.
Continued violations may result in termination of
employment.

Violence Policy The company prohibits all workplace

violence to other workers or company property. Violations
are cause for disciplinary action or dismissal. No weapons
may be carried in the workplace.

Safety Tool Kit 89

 HIV/AIDS Policy Apex will not discriminate when hiring
or employing people withHIV/AIDS. The company
recognizes the need ofHIV/AIDS-infected employees for
privacy and confidentiality.

Safety Policies

Dress Policy Employees must wear safe clothing on the job.

Long-sleeved shirts are prohibited in areas where machines
are in operation. No open-toed shoes are permitted.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The company will

provide appropriate PPE required for each job. Employees
may request alternative equipment if it provides greater
protection. Safety glasses and earplugs are mandatory for
anyone on the factory floor.

Know Your Limits Employees should not try to do a job

or make a repair for which they have not been trained. They
can create a danger for themselves, other employees, or Apex
visitors.

Safety Committee The company encourages employees

to appoint a group that helps to identify and solve workplace
safety problems. This Safety Committee will meet regularly
with management to discuss the safety concerns of
employees.

Reporting Problems Employees should report

immediately to their supervisor any accidents or injuries
that happen on the job. Any broken equipment or other
safety concerns should also be reported to the supervisor.
If the problem is not solved, employees should ask to see the
department head. If the problem is still not solved, it will be
referred to the general manager.

90 Tool Kite
Understanding Workplace Policies __________

Use the policies on pages 89-90. Check OK if the worker's behavior is

within company policy. Check Violation if the worker is breaking a
company policy.

OK Violation

1. Olga has a cigarette in a room labeled Employee Smoking Area.

2. Mike has two beers with fellow workers at a bar after leaving
work.

3. Luong wears sandals while packing tools for shipping.

4. Chris angrily pushes an older worker who is slowing him down

in a hallway.

5. Company management dismisses a worker because the worker

has tested positive for AIDS.

6. Blanca uses a cotton rag to tie off a leak in a water pipe.Then

she continues working.

7. Van almost falls because a stair railing is loose. He tells his

supervisor right away.

8. Sara is bothered by the noise from the machinery in her

department. She wears earmuffs instead of just earplugs.

9. Peggy is a machinist. In the winter she wears heavy, long-sleeved

shirts to work in order to be warm enough.

10. Marta has some ideas for improving safety in the company. She
has volunteered to serve on the Employee Safety Committee.

Safety Tool Kit 9 1

What Should They Do? __________

Use the policies on pages 89-90. Check the best answer.

1. Jon sees another worker get hurt in an accident. He should

__ a. wait until the end of his shift to report it
__ h. go to his supervisor right away to report the problem

2. The Safety Committee at Apex identifies a work area where slips and
falls are common. The committee should
__ a. warn employees not to work until the problem is fixed

__ h. bring the problem to the attention of management

3. AI's supervisor unexpectedly gives him an extra machine to work on.

In his anger Al hits and breaks the machine. The company should
a. assign Al to work on a different machine

__ h. discipline Al by fining him or laying him off temporarily

4. Phu is concerned that old wires are wearing out on a machine he uses
every day. He should
a. tell his supervisor about the problem and ask for someone to

change the wires

h. try to rewire the machine himself

5. Apex knows that Molly drinks whiskey at work. She is a danger to

others when she is drunk. She refuses to stop drinking or to see
someone who can help. Apex should
a. give Molly a job that is less dangerous to others
__ h. fire Molly

6. Kay likes to smoke in the Apex parking lot. The company has warned
her several times not to do so. Apex should
a. offer Kay a program that will help her stop smoking

h. accept Kay's behavior because she is smoking outside and not inside the
company building

92 Tool Kite
TOOL KIT Lockouts and
D Tagouts (LOTO)

Lockouts and tagouts are very important safety devices in workplaces

where machines are used. They help stop injuries around machines that
have been shut down for repair or inspection. When a lockout or tagout
is on a machine, workers know they must not or cannot turn on that
machine.

A lockout is a lock that stops all operation of a machine. Some lockouts

stop the electric power that runs a machine. Other lockouts keep the
control switch on a machine in the OFF position so that it cannot run.
Most lockouts also include a tagout.

A tagout is a tag with a written warning that tells workers not to use a
machine that is shut down. Tagouts should be easy to read and easy to
see on the machine.

Only employees who are trained in the use of lockouts and tagouts can
put them on or remove them. In some companies, only one person is in
charge of alliockoutftagout devices. No other employees are permitted
to touch them.

Without lockouts and tagouts, many accidents can happen in a work­

place. If a machine that has been shut down starts up unexpectedly, it
can give a worker a bad burn or electric shock. If a worker turns on a
machine that has been shut down, a moving part can hit or pull another
worker or repair person who doesn't expect the machine to start up.

Pay careful attention to lockouts and tagouts when you see them on
machines. They can save your life!

Safety Tool Kit 93

Lockouts have many shapes in the workplace. Here are some examples.
Remember that most lockouts also come with tags.

r---_ _ --:::::-

valve lockout switch lockout

fusebox lockout plug lockout

circuit breaker lockout outlet lockout

94 Tool Kit D
What Does It Say?

Check the correct meaning for each tagout.

1. a. Stay away from this machine. It is being repaired.

h. Don't touch this machine. It can give you an

electric shock.
MEN WORKING
ON MACHINERY

2. a. Don't move your body too much when you operate

this machine.

h. Don't push, pull, or lift this machine from where it

DO
NOT IS now.
MOVE

3. a. Do not start this machine unless you are trained;

you can get hurt.

h. Do not turn on this machine while it has this tag;

DO NOT START
EQUIPMENT
you can get hurt.

4. a. This machine leaks hot water. Keep the pipes

closed.

__ h. This machine won't work right. Leave it alone.

DEFECTIVE
DO NOT USE

5. a. Do not tum this valve. There is hazardous gas in

the pipe.

h. This equipment is not ready for use.

DO
NOT
OPEN

Safety Tool Kit 95

Use the Right Tagout

Circle the letter of the tagout that says the same thing as each warning.

1. Do not operate this machine. a. h.

It can hurt you.

DO UNSAfE
NOT DO NOT USE
MOVE

2. Don't turn this machine on! a. h.

CURRENT DO NOT
THROW
ON SWITCH

3. Stay out of this area. The a. h.

machinery is shut down.

DO NOT
KEEP OPEN
OUT THIS VALVE

4. Don't touch this machine! a. h.

",iiW·W
HANDS OFF
DO NOT
OPERATE

5. This machine still has electric a. h.

power and can give you a bad
shock. Don't touch!

96 Tool Kit D
 6. This new machine doesn't work. a. b.
Don't use it until it is fixed or
replaced.
HANDS DEFECTIVE
OFF DO NOT USE

7. Do not let any water flow into a. b.

this machine.

DO NOT
OPEN
CURRENT
THIS VALVE ON

8. Do not use this machine. It is a. b.

broken.

OUT MEN
OF WORKING
ORDER ON MACHINE

9. This machine is broken. You a. b.

must not tum it on until it is
fixed.
OUT OF
ORDER

10. Do not tum on this machine. a. b.

DO NOT
ENERGIZE

Safety Tool Kit 97

TOOL KIT Helpful Exercises
E for the Workplace

Here are some easy exercises that can help if you start to feel pain
in different parts of your body. Try them while you are at work or
on a break.

For Hands
Hold both hands up.
Open and close your fingers.
Repeat five times.

For Hands and Wrists

Hold one hand with fingers up.
Push the fingers back with your other hand.
Hold for three seconds.
Repeat five times.

For Lower Back

Put both hands against your lower back.
Bend backward, then straighten your body right away.
Repeat five times.

For Back
Put hands on hips.
Stand with feet apart.
Bend at the waist to each side.
Repeat five times.

98 Tool Kit E
For Middle and Upper Back
Raise your right arm.
Hold it below the elbow with your left hand.
Gently pull your right elbow toward your left shoulder.
Hold for five seconds.
Do the same with your left arm.

For Neck
Pull your chin into your chest.
Hold for three seconds.
Repeat five times.

For Neck and Shoulders

Bend your head to the right.
Hold for three seconds.
Bend your head to the left.
Hold for three seconds.
Repeat five times.

For Shoulders and Back

Roll your shoulders back five times.
Roll your shoulders forward five times.

For Eyes
Look up from your work.
Look at something far away.
Continue to look for 20 seconds.
Look again at your work.

Safety Tool Kit 9�

Answer Key
Work Safely (page 13)
1. a
2. a
3. b
Unit 1
4. a
5. a
• Lesson 1
Which Sign? (page 7) • Lesson 3
1. b 6. b
What Should Be There? (page 15)
2. a 7. a
1. fire escape 6. guardrail
3. a 8. b
2. fire extinguisher 7. sprinklers
4. b 9. b
3. eyewash station 8. first aid kit
5. b 10. a
4. emergency lighting 9. fire alarm
What Is the Danger? (page 8) 5. security system
1. Watch Your Step
What Is the Danger (page 16)
2. Keep Area Clean
1. blocked emergency exit
3. Keep Aisles Clear
2. empty first aid kit
4. No Smoking
3. broken guardrail
Work Safely (page 9) 4. locked exit door
Answers will vary.
Do's and Don'ts (page 17)
Lesson 2 Answers will vary.

What Does It Protect? (page 11) • Lesson 4

1. eyes: safety glasses, goggles, face shield
What to Use? (page 19)
2. head: hard hat, hair net
1. a 6. a
3. feet: rubber boots, work boots, work shoes, safety
2. b 7. b
shoes
3. b 8. b
4. lungs: respirator, dust mask
4. a 9. a
5. ears: earplugs, earmuffs
5. a 10. a
6. hands: gloves
Apply First Aid (page 20)
Protect Yourself (page 11)
1. syrup of ipecac
1. f 7. d
2. adhesive bandage
2. h 8. h
3. hot water bottle
3. k 9. g
4. eyewash/eyecup
4. j, c 10. i
5. b 1 1. a, e, f What Does It Do? (page 21)
6. a, e 1. d 8. g
2. k 9. i
What Should They Wear? (page 12)
3. n 10. e
1. work shoes, gloves, goggles
4. m 1 1. I
2. work shoes, face shield, hard hat, gloves, earplugs
5. a 12. b
3. earmuffs, work shoes or work boots, dust mask,
gloves 6. f 13. j
4. gloves, dust mask 7. c 14. h

100 Answer Key

• Unit 1 Review (page 22) Lesson 7
1. d 6. c What Do They Use? (page 33)
2. b 7. g 1. bulldozer 7. tractor
3. i 8. h 2. drill press 8. bench sander
4. e 9. j 3. trash compactor 9. jackhammer
5. a 10. f 4. baler 10. guillotine shears
5. sewing machine 1 1. die press

Unit 2 6. mower
What Is the Danger? (page 34)
• Lesson 5 1. Wear Safety Glasses,Cover Long Hair
Which Tool to Use? (page 25) 2. Keep Hands Clear,No Loose Clothing
1. a 7. b 3. Use Ear Protection,Wear Safety Glasses
2. a 8. a 4. Turn Off before Repair,No Loose Clothing
3. a 9. b Know the Risks (page 35)
4. b 10. a 1. a
5. a 1 1. a 2. b
6. b 3. b
What Are the Dangers? (page 26) 4. a
1. b,c,f 5. b
2. a,d
3. b, f • Lesson 8
4. a,f What Does It Do? (page 37)
1. pedal 6. cord
Be Safe (page 27)
2. trigger 7. blades
Answers wjJl vary.
3. switch 8. arm
• Lesson 6 4. dial 9. belt and pulley
5. nozzle 10. handles
Do the Job (page 29)
1. b 6. b What Is the Danger? (page 38)
2. a 7. b 1. Take off your bracelet near the belt and pulley.
3. a 8. a 2. The rollers on that belt are loose.
4. b 9. b 3. Don't open that! It's still plugged in.
5. a 10. a 4. Don't turn that on! The cord is frayed.

What Are the Dangers? (page 30) Replace the Part (page 39)
1. b,f 1. frayed
2. b,d,g 2. brittle
3. c, d,e,g 3. stuck
4. a, e,f 4. dull

Be Safe (page 30)

• Lesson 9
Answers will vary.
What Does It Do? (page 41)
1. c 6. b
2. a 7. e
3. h 8. d
4. g 9. f
5. i

Answer Key 1(
Do the Job (page 41) What Is the Problem? (page 48)
1. blade guard,pulley guard,gate,body bar 1. standing for long periods,poor ventilation
2. lockout guard,safety latch,plate guard 2. cramped work position,wrong chair for the job,
3. cutoff switch,trip wire,electric eye weak lighting, eyestrain, poor workstation design
3. loud noise,poor workstation design
What Do They Need? (page 42)
4. repetitive motion,standing for long periods
1. a
2. b Health Problems (page 49)
3. a Students may suggest additional problems that fit the
situations.
4. b
1. a,c,d,i
5. b
2. a,e,f,i
6. a
3. b,f,h
7. a
4. a,d,g
Be Safe (page 43)
1. Never • Lesson 1 1
2. Never Do the Job (page 51)
3. Always 1. a 6. a
4. Always 7. a
2. b
5. Never
3. b 8. a
6. Never 4. a 9. b
5. b 10. a
• Unit 2 Review (page 44)
1. a What Do They Need? (page 52)
2. a 1. platform or hand truck or conveyor belt
3. b 2. dolly or forklift
4. a 3. wheelbarrow or dolly and ramp
5. a 4. sling
6. b What's the Risk? (page 53)
7. b 1. a,b,possibly d
8. a 2. a,b
9. handsaw,circular saw,jigsaw,table saw 3. a,b,d,e
10. pinking shears,guillotine shears 4. a,c
1 1. file,sander,bench sander
12. hacksaw,snips,drill press,guillotine shears Lesson 12
13. chisel,jackhammer Repeated Movements (page 55)
1. b 6. b
2. b 7. b
Unit 3
3. a 8. a

Lesson 10 4. b 9. a
5. a 10. b
Be Safe (page 47)
1. b 6. a Move Safely! (page 56)
2. b 7. a 1. a

3. a 8. b 2. b

4. a 9. b 3. b

5. b 4. a
5. b
6. b

102 Answer Key

Lifting and Carrying (page 57) What's the Warning? (page 66)
1. N 5. Y 1. Hot Surface, Shut Off before Servicing
2. N 6. N 2. Keep Hands Away,Keep Guards in Place
3. Y 7. Y 3. Pinch Point,Shut Off before Servicing
4. Y 8. N 4. Rotating Blades,Objects May Be Thrown from
Machine, Shut Off before Servicing
• Lesson 13 Tags to Know (page 67)
What to Use (page 59) 1. c
1. b 6. b 2. e
2. a 7. b 3. b
3. a 8. a 4. d
4. b 9. b 5. a
5. a
• Lesson 15
Do's and Don'ts: Ladders (page 60)
1. 2, 4,5, 6 Be Safe (page 69)
2. 7,8,9 1. b 5. a

3. 1,3,9 2. a 6. a
3. b 7. b
SafetyTips (page 61)
4. a 8. b
1. steps
2. handrail Safety Warnings (page 70)
3. rope 1. b 5. b

4. rungs 2. a 6. a

5. guardrails 3. b 7. b
4. b 8. a
• Unit 3 Review (page 62) Labels and Protective Equipment (page 71)
1. i 6. c
1. c 5. b
2. d 7. e
2. d 6. d
3. a 8. g
3. e 7. a, e
4. j 9. h
4. a
5. f 10. b
• Lesson 16

Unit 4 What Should They Do? (page 73)

1. b 5. b
• Lesson 14 2. a 6. b
3. a 7. b
What Is the Danger? (page 65)
1. b
4. a 8. a

2. b Read the Label (page 74)

3. a 1. induce vomiting
4. b 2. Poison Control Center
5. a 3. Flush
6. b 4. Wash

What Does It Say? (page 65) 5. persists

1. Radiation Hazard,Keep Hands Away,Pinch 6. fresh air

Point,High Voltage,Hot Surface,Rotating Blades 7. artificial respiration
2. Keep Guards in Place,Shut Off before Servicing
3. Do Not Start Equipment,Lockout: Do Not
Operate,Do Not Open Valve

Answer Key 103

Safety Checkup (page 75) What Should They Do? (page 92)
1. F 1. b
2. F 2. b
3. T 3. b
4. F 4. a
5. T 5. b
6. T 6. a

• Lesson 17 • Tool Kit D

What Is the Warning? (page 77) What Does It Say? (page 95)
1. b 6. a 1. a
2. a 7. b 2. b
3. a 8. a 3. b
4. b 9. b 4. b
5. b 10. b 5. a

Follow Instructions (page 78) Use the Right Tagout (page 96)
1. Do Not Discard in Trash 1. b 6. b
2. Keep Container Tightly Closed 2. b 7. a
3. Do Not Store near Food 3. a 8. a
4. Do Not Incinerate 4. a 9. a

Be Safe (page 79) 5. b 10. a

1. b
2. b
3. a
4. a

• Unit 4 Review (page 80)

Answers will vary.

SafetyTool Kit ________

• Tool Kit A
Using an MSDS (page 85)
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. b
6. a

Tool Kit C
Understanding Workplace Policies (page 91)
1. OK 6. Violation
2. OK 7. OK
3. Violation 8. OK
4. Violation 9. Violation
5. Violation 10. OK

104 Answer Key

Key Word List
adhesive bandages ............... 18 circular saw .................... 28
adhesive tape ................... 18 Combustible .................... 68
ammonia ....................... 18 confined space .................. 46
antiseptic: spray or ointment ....... 18 contaminated air ................. 46
apron.......................... 10 Contents under Pressure ........... 68
arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 conveyor belt ................... 50
Authorized Personnel Only ......... 6 cord .......................... 36
Avoid Prolonged Exposure ......... 68 Corrosive ...................... 68
back brace...................... 10 cotton swabs .................... 18
baler .......................... 32 cramped work position ............ 46
belt ........................... 36 cross brace ..................... 58
bench sander .................... 32 cutoff switch .................... 40
bending ........................ 54 dial ........................... 36
blade .......................... 36 die press ....................... 32
blade guard ..................... 40 dolly .......................... 50
body bar ....................... 40 Do Not Discard in Trash ........... 76
boots .......................... 10 Do Not Enter .................... 6
brace .......................... 10 Do Not Incinerate ................ 76
buffer ......................... 28 Do not induce vomiting ........... 72
bulldozer....................... 32 Do Not Inhale Vapors or Fumes ..... 68
Call Poison Control Center......... 72 Do Not Open Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Carcinogen ..................... 68 Do Not Operate Machine ........... 6

carrying ....................... 54 Do Not Puncture Container ........ 76
cart ........................... 50 Do Not Start Equipment ........... 64
Caution: Wet Floor ................6 Do Not Store below 32°F .......... 76
Chemical Storage Area ............ 76 Do Not Store near Food ........... 76
chisel ......................... 24 Do Not Touch .................... 6
circuit breaker lockout ............ 94 drill press ...................... 32

Key Word List 105

dust mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 gauze pads ..................... 18
earmuffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 GFCI.......................... 40
earplugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Give artificial respiration .......... 72
electric eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 gloves ......................... 10
emergency exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 glue gun ....................... 28
emergency lighting ............... 14 goggles ........................ 10
extension ladder ................. 58 grinder ........................ 28
eyecup ........................ 18 guardrail .................... 14, 58
eyestrain ....................... 46 guillotine shears ................. 32
eyewash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 hacksaw ....................... 24
eyewash station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 hair net ........................ 10
face shield...................... 10 hammer........................ 24
file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 hand drill ...................... 24
fire alarm ..................... 14
. handle ......................... 36
fire escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 14 handrails ....................... 58
fire extinguisher ................. 14 handsaw ....................... 24
first aid kit ..................... 14 hand truck ...................... 50
first aid station ................. 14 . hard hat........................ 10
fixed ladder..................... 58 Harmful if Ingested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Flammable ..................... 68 High Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 64
Flush eyes immediately ........... 72 hook ladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Flush Spills with Water............ 76 hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Flush with water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Hot Surface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
For External Use Only ............ 68 hot water bottle. ................ 18 .

forklift . ....................... 50 ice pack ....................... 18

front-end loader ................. 50 Induce vomiting ................. 72
fusebox lockout ................. 94 Infectious Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
garden shears ................... 24 Irritant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
gate ........................... 40 jackhammer .................... 32
gauze bandages. ................ 18 . jigsaw ......................... 28

106 Key Word List

Keep Aisles Clear ...... .......... 6 . platform .. . ....... . ..... 50, 58
. . . .

Keep Area Clean.................. 6 platform ladder .................. 58

Keep Container Tightly Closed ..... 76 pliers. ..................... .. 24
. .

Keep Guards in Place ............. 64 plug ........... .............. 36 .

Keep Hands Away................64 plug lockout ................. .. 94 .

kitchen shears ................... 24 poor ventilation .............. .. 46 .

kneeling ... ......... ......... 54

. . poor workstation design ........... 46
lifting ..... ................... 54
. power drill .............. . .... 28 . .

lockout ........................ 93 power screwdriver ............... 28

Lockout: Do Not Operate ........ . 64 . pruning shears ........ ..... ... 24 . .

lockout guard ................... 40 pUlley ....... ... .......... 36, 58

. .

LOTO ........................ 93
. pulley guard ........... ....... 40 . .

loud noise ...... ............... 46

. pulling ...... ................. 54
.

mallet ......................... 24 pushing ............... . ...... 54 . .

Material Safety Data Sheet Radiation Hazard ......... . .... 64 . .

(MSDS) ...................... 82
. ramps ......................... 50
Move to fresh air ................ 72 reaching ... ................... 54
.

mower. ....................... 32
. Remove contaminated clothes ...... 72
MSDS ....... .......... ...... 82
. . repetitive motion................ 46 .

No Food or Drink ..... ........... 6 . Replace Cap after Each Use . . . . . . . . 76

No Smoking ..................... 6 respirator ...................... 10
nozzle ............ ........... 36
. . Respiratory Hazard ............... 68
Objects May Be Thrown Restricted Area ................... 6
from Machine .......... ........ 64 . Rinse immediately ............... 72
outlet lockout ................... 94 roller belt ...................... 50
paint sprayer .................... 28 rollers ......................... 36
pedal .......... .... .......... 36
. . rolling ladder ................... 58
Pinch Point . .. . .. ..
. . . . . . . . . . ... 64 rope .. . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... .. 58
. . .

pinking shears........ .......... 24 . rotating ........................ 54

plate guard ................... . 40 . Rotating Blades ................. 64

Key Word List 107

rubber boots .................... 10 Store away from Heat or Flame ..... 76
rung .......................... 58 straight ladder................... 58
safety glasses ................... 10 stretching ... .................. 54
.

safety latch ..................... 40 switch ......................... 36

safety shoes .................... 10 switch lockout ......... ...... . 94
. .

sander ...................... .. 28 . syrup of ipecac .................. 18

saw .................. . ... 24, 28
. . table saw.... .................. 32
.

scaffold ..................... .. 58 . tagout ............. ........... 93

.

screwdriver .................. .. 24 . temperature extremes ............. 46

security system .................. 14 Toxic.......................... 68
See doctor if condition persists...... 72 tractor ......................... 32
Seek medical attention ............72 trash compactor ................. 32
sewing machine ................. 32 trigger .................... .... 36
.

shears ......................... 24 trip wire ....................... 40

shield .. ..................... 10
. . tweezers ....................... 18
Shut Off before Servicing.... ..... 64 . twisting... ............... .... 54
. .

side rail ........................ 58 Use in Well Ventilated Area ... .... 68

.

sling .... .................. 18, 50

. vacuum cleaner .................. 28
smelling salts ................... 18 valve lockout ... .... .....
. . . . ... 94
smoke detector .................. 14 warning light ................... 40
snips .................. .......24
. Wash with soap and water ......... 72
splint.......................... 18 Watch Your Step .................. 6
sprinkler ....................... 14 weak lighting ................... 46
squatting ....................... 54 welding torch ................... 28
standing for long periods .. ....... 46
. wheelbarrow .................... 50
staple gun ...................... 28 wire cutters ..................... 24
stepladder .................... . 58 . work boots ..................... 10
steps .......................... 58 work shoes ..................... 10
stooping ....................... 54 wrench ........................ 24
Store at Room Temperature ........ 76 wrong chair for the job ............ 46

108 Key Word List

My Word List
Use these blank pages to write down other safety terms you learn. They
can be terms used at your workplace or other safety terms you want to
remember.