PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT PROCESSES

(Exam Reviewer)

Dvρ
1. It is any several dimensionless quantities of the form which are proportional to the ratio of
μ
inertial force to viscous force in a flow system?
A. Friction coefficient C. Reynolds Number E. Centipoise
B. Viscosity D. Poise

2. A pipe has an inside diameter of 4” at an inlet and an inside diameter of 2” at outlet. For an ideal
fluid flow, the velocity is given as 1ft/s at an inlet. What is the flow velocity at outlet?
A. 0.25 ft/s B. 0.5 ft/s C. 1.0 ft/s D. 2.0 ft/s E. 0.4 ft/s

3. A substance which undergoes continuous deformation when subjected to shear stress?

A. Fluid B. Liquid C. Solid D. Matter E. Gas

4. The fluid motion in which the streamlines remain distinct from one another over the entire length,
whether such streamlines are straight or the flow is steady is known as .
A. Laminar Flow B. Streamline Flow C. Viscous Flow D. All of these

5. It is the resistance offered by a real fluid to continuous deformation due to shear stress; it is a
momentum conductivity.
A. Friction C. Thermal conductivity E. Fanning friction factor
B. Viscosity D. Diffusion coefficient

6. It is the ratio of the shear stress at the wall to the product of density and velocity head.
A. Efficiency C. Mechanical efficiency E. Momentum correction factor
B. Friction factor D. Skin friction

7. If the Reynold’s number is 1000, what is the value of the friction factor for a fully developed flow in
pipes?
A. 0.064 B. 0.08 C. 0.64 D. 0.1 E. 0.008

8. In the c.g.s,, the unit for fluidity is .

A. Poise B. centipoise C. lb/ft.s D. rhe E. stoke

9. A hypothetical gas or liquid which offers no resistance to shear and therefore has zero consistency.
A. Fluid C. Ideal fluid E. Extrinsic viscosity

B. Non-Newtonian fluid D. Fluidity

10. Oil with a viscosity of 30 cp and a density of 60lb/ft 3 flows through a ½ inch inside diameter pipe.
Determine the velocity in ft/s below which flow will be laminar.
A. 87.2 B. 0.63 C. 13.1 D. 16.9` E. 8.064

11. It is the ratio of solution viscosity to solvent viscosity at the same temperature.
A. Relative viscosity C. Reduced viscosity E. Extrinsic viscosity
B. Specific viscosity D. Intrinsic viscosity

12. It consists of a bourdon gage equipped with an appropriate flexible diaphragm to seal off the process
fluid.
A. Manometer B. Chemical gage C. Diaphragm gage D. Bourdon-tube gage

13. It is the value corresponding to the transition from turbulent flow to laminar as the velocity of the
fluid is reduced.
A. Turbulent Reynold’s number C. Laminar Reynold’s Number E. Critical Reynold’s
B. Stoke D. Kinematic viscosity Number
14. Water at 303K is flowing at the rate of 10 gal/min in a pipe having an inside diameter (ID) of 2.067
in.; calculate the Reynolds number using SI units. (DATA ρ water = 0.996g/cm3, viscosity = 0.8007
cp)
A. 1.8x104 B. 2.1x103 C. 5.5x104 D. 1.9x104 E. 2.1x104

15. It is a fluid whose consistency is a function of shear stress as well as of temperature and pressure.
A. Viscous flow C. Non-Newtonian fluid E. Streamline fluid
B. Newtonian fluid D. Ideal fluid

16. The pressure in a fluid due to the head of fluid above the point in question is .
A. Static head C. Vacuum pressure E. Dynamic head
B. Static pressure D. Gage pressure

17. It refers to the theoretical work required by a pump

A. Pump work C. Total dynamic head E. Total discharge head
B. Hydraulic Horsepower D. Brake horsepower

18. A closeted tank kept partially filled with oil (sp.gr. = 0.9) has a pressure in the gas space above the
oil of 10 psig. If the oil is discharging through a hose at 50 gpm, estimate the pressure at the nozzle
located 10 ft lower than the oil surface and with a 1” i.d. discharge. Assume the total friction loss in
the line amounts to 1.0 ft-lbf/lbm.
A. 10 psig B. 8.7 psig C. 13.4 psig D. 11.0 psig

19. It is the static head equivalent of the kinetic energy in a stream of uniform velocity?
A. Velocity head C. Potential Head E. Friction loss
B. Pressure Head D. Pump head

20. It measures local or point velocities by measuring the difference between impact pressure and static
pressure?
A. Venturi meter C. Orifice meter E. Manometer
B. Pitot tubes D. Rotameter

21. Pressure at any point in a fluid at rest acts with equal intensity in all directions according to
.
A. Newton’s Law C. Bernoulli’s theorem E. Pascal’s Law
B. Stoke’s Law D. Reynold’s theorem

22. For a Newtonian fluid flowing in a circular pipe under steady state conditions in fully developed
laminar flow, the Fanning friction factor is .
16 0.125 24
A. 0.046 Re-0.2 B. ℜ C. 0.0014+( 0.32 ) D. ℜ
ℜ

23. In a pool boiling experiment, the following phenomena were observed.

P. Natural convection Q. Film Boiling R. Transition Boiling S. Nucleate Boiling

What was the CORRECT sequence of their occurrences?

A. P, Q, R, S B. S, R, Q, P C. Q, R, P, S D. P, S, R, Q
Exiting to the
24. Water density (density = 10000 kg/m 3) is flowing atmosphere

through a nozzle, as shown in the figure and exiting to

the atmosphere. The relationship between the diameter
of the nozzle at locations 1 and 2 is D1 = 4D2. The
average velocity of the stream at location 2 is 16 m/s and the frictional loss
between location 1and location 2 is 10000 Pa. Assuming steady state and
turbulent flow, the gauge pressure in Pa, at location 1 is . 2
1
V = 16m/s
A. 124,000 B. 109,200 C. 137,500 D. 198,310
25. Water is flowing under laminar conditions in a pipe of length L. If the diameter of the pipe is
doubled, for a constant volumetric flow rate, the pressure drops across the pipe
.
A. Decrease 2 times C. Decreases 16 times E. none of these
B. Increase 2 times D. Increases 16 times
26. In case of a pressure driven laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid of viscosity (μ) through a horizontal
circular pipe, the velocity of the fluid is proportional to .
0.5 -1 -0.5
A. μ B. μ C. μ D. μ

27. For Fanning friction factor f (for flow in pipes) a drag coefficient CD (for flow over immersed
bodies), which of the following statements are true?
P: f accounts only for the skin friction
Q: C0 accounts only for the form friction
R: C0 accounts for both skin friction and form friction
S: Both f and CD depends on the Reynold’s Number
T: For laminar flow through pipe, f doubles on the doubling the volume flow rate.
A. R, S, T B. P, Q, S, C. P, R, S, D. P, Q, S, T

28. The difference between the impact pressure and the static head is .
A. Gage Pressure C. Dynamic pressure E. pneumatics
B. Absolute Pressure D. power

29. Consider two pipes of same length and diameter through which water is passed at the same velocity.
The friction factor for rough pipe is f1 and that for smooth pipe is f2. Pick out the correct statement.
A. f1=f2 B. f1<f2 C. f1>f2 D. insufficient data

30. number is sometimes used in place of Grashoff number in free convection

heat transfer.
A. Stanton B. Reyleigh C. Sherwood D. Nusselt

31. In a venture meter ∆P1 and ∆P1 are the pressure drops corresponding to volumetric flowrates ∆Q 1
and ∆Q2. If ∆Q2/∆Q1 = 2, then ∆P2/∆P1 equals:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 0.5 D. 0.25

32. For uniform of the laminar flow over a flat plate, the thickness of the boundary layer, δ , at the
distance x from the leading edge of the plate follows the relation:
1 −1
A. δ ( x ) α x−1 B. δ ( x ) αx C. δ ( x ) α x 2 D. δ ( x ) α x 2

33. The mass balance for a fluid with density (ρ) and velocity vector (ῡ) is:
∂ρ ∂ρ ∂ρ ∂ρ
A. +Ṽ .( ρṼ ) = 0 B. + ρ .(Ṽ . Ṽ ) = 0 C. +Ṽ . ( Ṽ . ρ )=0 D. −Ṽ . ( Ṽ . ρ )=0
∂t ∂t ∂t ∂t

34. What is the normal range of the exit cone angle of a venturimeter?
A. 15 to 25 B. 7 to 15 C. >25 D. 2 to 5

35. When mean free path of the gas is less than about 65% but greater than about 1% of the channel
diameter, the gas layer next to the wall assumes:
A. Laminar Flow C. Turbulent Flow E. Compressible Flow
B. Critical flow D. Slip Flow

36. Water hammer in the pipeline results from the .

A. bursting of pipelines due to closure by a valve
B. rapid pressure change due to rapid change in the rate of flow.
C. pressure increase due to closure of a valve resulting in decrease in rate of flow.
D. A and B

37. Schedule number of a pipe, which is a measure of its wall thickness, is given by .
A. 1000 P’/S B. 10000 P’/S C. 100 P’/S D. 1000 S/P’
38. At high Reynold’s number, .
A. Inertial forces control and viscous forces are unimportant.
B. Inertial forces are unimportant and viscous forces control.
C. Viscous forces predominate.
D. Inertial forces and viscous forces control are important.
E. None of these
39. Which of the following denotes the effect of compressibility in fluid flow?
A. Euler Number B. Webber number C. Reynold’s number D. Mach number

40. Nominal size of the discharge pipe of a pump is usually the nominal size of the inlet
pipe.
A. Larger than B. smaller than C. twice D. same as

41. The terminal velocity of a small sphere settling in a viscous fluid varies as the .
A. First power of its diameter D. inverse square of the diameter
B. Inverse of the fluid viscosity E. None of these
C. Square of the difference in specific
weights of solid & fluid

42. Power loss in an orifice meter is that in a venturi meter.

A. More than C. same as
B. Less than D. data insufficient, cannot be predicted

43. Most commonly joint in the underground pipe lines is the .

A. Expansion joint B. sleeve joint C. Coupling D. Flange

44. In existing installations, it is equivalent to the barometer reading in feet of liquid plus the reading of
a gage at the suction flange of pump less the head equivalent to the vapor pressure of the liquid, less
the velocity head at the point of attachment.
A. Total dynamic head D. Static suction head
B. Total discharge head E. Static discharge head
C. Net positive suction head

45. In a co-current double pipe heat exchanger used for condensing saturated steam over the inner tube,
if the entrance and exit conditions of the coolant are interchanged, then the rate of condensation will
.
A. Decrease C. either increase or decrease; D. remain unchanged
B. Increase depends on the coolant flow rate

46. Wavelength corresponding to the maximum energy is inversely proportional to the absolute
temperature. This is law.
A. Dalton’s B. Wien’s C. Kirchoff’s D. Stefan’s

47. If the discharge of a centrifugal pump is throttled, then its suction lift .
A. Decreases B. Increases C. remains unchanged D. data insufficient to
predict

48. With increasing flow rate, the hydraulic efficiency of a centrifugal pump .
A. Increases and then decreases D. remains constant
B. Monotonically decreases E. decreases and then increases

49. The net positive suction head (NPSH) of a centrifugal pump is defined as the sum of the velocity
head and the pressure head at the .
A. Suction C. suctions minus vapor pressure of the liquid at suction temperature
B. Discharge D. discharge minus vapor pressure of the liquid at the discharge temperature

50. Maximum heat transfer rate is achieved in flow.

A. Laminar B. co-current C. counter-current D. turbulent

51. Which of the following is not concerned with the fluid particle interaction?
 A. Drag Coefficient B. Froude Number C. Galileo Number D. Webber Number

52. What cause the cavitation in the centrifugal pump?

A. Low suction pressure C. High suction pressure
B. Low barometric pressure D. High suction velocity

53. Mass velocity is independent of temperature and pressure, when the flow is .
A. Unsteady and the cross-section is changed C. Steady and the cross section is unchanged
B. Unsteady through unchanged cross-section D. Steady through changing cross-section

54. The most suitable flow measuring device for the fluid flow measurement in a very large diameter
pipeline is a .
A. Weir B. Kennison nozzle C. Pitot tube D. V-notch

55. A pitched-blade turbine draws a straight blade turbine.

A. Less power than C. More power than
B. Same power as D. Data insufficient to predict

56. The variable required to be known in a correlation used for estimating the horsepower of a
centrifugal gas compressor and hence its cost are P (inlet pressure), Q (compressor rpm), R (delivery
pressure), S (volumetric flow rate at inlet).
A. P, Q and R B. P and R C. R and S D. P, R, and S

57. The terminal velocity of a particle moving through a fluid varies as dpn. What is the value of n’ for
Newton’s law regime?
A. 2 B. 0.5 C. 1 D. 1.5

58. The fluid in which the shearing stress within it is proportional to the velocity gradient across the
sheared section, is called a fluid.
A. Newtonian B. Perfect C. Bingham D. turbulent

59. The maximum heat transfer coefficient from steam heating will be attained when the steam is
.
A. Supersaturated B. Saturated C. Wet D. unsaturated

60. The velocity profile for turbulent flow through a closed conduit is .
A. Parabolic Group 1 Group 2
B. P. Turbulence I. Reciprocating pump
Logarithmic Q. NPSH II. Packed bed
C. Hyperbolic
R. Ergun Equation III. Fluctuating velocity
D. Linear
S. Rotameter IV. Impeller
T. Power number V. vena contracta
61. Which of the
following parameters of the fluid is not very important, while deciding its route in a shell and tube
heat exchanger?
A. Pressure B. Viscosity C. Density D. corrosiveness and fouling
characteristics

62. Match the following

A. P-III, R-II, T-IV
B. Q-V, R-II, S-III
C. P-III, R-IV, T-II
D. Q-III, S-V, T-IV
E. None of these

63. Which of the following statements are correct?

P. For a rheopectic fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with time under a constant applied shear
stress.
 Q. For a pseudo-plastic fluid, the apparent viscosity decreases with time under a constant applied
shear stress.
R. For a Bingham plastic, the apparent viscosity increases exponentially with the deformation rate.
S. For a dilatant fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with increasing deformation rate.
A. P and Q only B. Q and R only C. R and S only D. P and S only

64. Water (25oC, ρwater = 997.08 kg/m3, μ = 8.937 x 10-4 kg/m.s) flows steadily in laminar flow in a
horizontal smooth pipe (inner pipe diameter is 1.02 inches; pipe length is 38 feet). If the average
velocity is 3.4 x 10-2 ft/s, what is Fanning friction factor f for the flow?
A. 5.34 x 10-2 B. 8.47 x 10-2 C. 3.94 x 10-3 D. 2.63 x 10-3

65. In the figure given, the temperature profiles of cold and hot fluids in counter current double pipe
heat exchangers (in different modes of operation) are shown on the left. For each case, match the
heat exchange process for the fluid represented by the bold curve with the options given on the
right.
A. I-P, II-Q, III-R, IV-S C. I-Q, II-P, III-S, IV-R
B. I-P, II-Q, III-S, IV-R D. I-Q, II-S, III-P, IV-R

66. Pick out the wrong statement:

A. In case of short tube vertical evaporators, area of central downtake is about 50 to 100% of the
total tube cross-sectional area.
B. Heat transfer coefficient during nucleate boiling is not influenced by the agitation
imparted.
C. In heat exchanger calculations (∆t) weighted is used in place of ∆t, when it involves more than
one sequence of heating or cooling i.e., desuperheating & condensation or condensation & sub-
cooling.
D. “Solvates” are chemical compounds formed by solute with their solvents. When water is the
solvent, then it is a “hydrate”.

67. Which has the lowest Prandtl number .

A. Liquid metal B. Aqueous solution C. Lube oil D. water

68. In Fourier’s law, the proportionality constant is called the .

A. Heat transfer coefficient C. Stefan-Boltzman constant
B. Thermal conductivity D. thermal diffusivity

69. Prandtl number for most of dry gases is about .

A. 150 B.70 C. 0.001 D. 0.7

70. Referring to the figure, match the lines (Column

I) with the appropriate rheological behavior
(Column II).
Column I Column II
P. Line 1 1. Dilatant
Q. Line 2 2. Newtonian
R. Line 3 3. Pseudoplastic
S. Line 4 4. Bingham plastic

A. P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 C. P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1

B. P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1 D. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1

(Question 71-72) A Newtonian fluid viscosity μ flows between

two parallel plates due to the motion of the bottom plate (as
shown in the figure), which is moved with a velocity V. The top
plate is stationary:

71. The steady, laminar velocity profile on the x-direction is:

 2
y y
A. V []
b [ ( )]
C. V 1−
b
y 2 2
2
B. V [( ) ]
b
−1 [ ( )]
D. V 1−
b

72. The force per unit area (in the x-direction) that must be exerted on the bottom plate to maintain the
flow is:
A. μV / b B. - μV / b C. 2μV / b D. -2μV / b

73. Prandtl number is the reciprocal of .

A. Mass diffusivity x Momentum Diffusivity C. Thermal diffusivity x Mass diffusivity
B. Thermal diffusivity/Momentum Diffusivity D. Thermal diffusivity x Momentum

74. The heat transfer coefficient in film type condensation is that for dropwise
condensation.
A. Is same as B. greater than C. lower than D. half

75. The rate of the heat transfer is a product of overall heat transfer coefficient, difference in
temperature, and the .
A. Nusselt number B. heating volume C. Heat transfer area D. Prandtl number

76. Boiling point elevation of a solution .

A. Increase rapidly with temperature rise.
B. Decrease rapidly with temperature rise
C. Independent of pressure
D. Both independent of pressure, and decreases rapidly with temperature

77. Which of the following has the lowest overall heat transfer coefficient?
A. Molten sodium B. Water C. Air D. Dowtherm

78. A black body when hot, emits heat radiation of wavelengths.

A. Large B. Small C. one fixed D. All

79. In case of heat transfer by conduction in a hollow cylinder, mean area is used to
calculate the heat transfer rate.
A. Arithmetic B. Geometric C. Logarithmic D. either (a), (b) & (c)

80. Heat exchangers operating, when asymptotic range is reached .

A. Results in abruptly increased velocity C. results in small heating surface
B. Provide very large heat transfer coefficient D. results in making part of the heating
surface inactive

81. Correction is applied to LMTD for flow.

A. Counter B. cross C. parallel D. counter and parallel

82. For Prandtl number values, the heat conduction will be negligible in the buffet
zone.
A. Extremely low B. low C. no D. High

83. In natural convection heat transfer, the correlating parameter is the .

A. Graetz number B. Bond number C. Eckert number D. Grashoff number

84. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the shell side fluid velocity can not be changed by changing the
.
A. No. of baffles B. tube layout C. tube diameter D. tube pitch

85. Steady state one dimensional flow by conduction as given by Fourier’s law does not assume that
.
 A. There is no internal heat generation C. material is anisotropic
B. Boundary surfaces are isothermal D. constant temperature gradient exists

86. In a gas liquid shell and tube heat exchanger, the .

A. Gases under high pressure are routed through the tube side, because high pressure gases are
corrosive in nature.
B. Gases to be heated/cooled is normally routed through the shell side, because the corrosion
caused by the cooling water or steam condensate remain localized to the tubes.
C. Presence of a non-condensible gas decreases the condensing film coefficient.
D. All of (a), (b) and (c).

87. Boiling of milk in an open vessel is an example of boiling.

A. Film B. sub-cooled C. saturated nucleate D. unsaturated

88. One kilogram of water at 0oC is changed to superheated steam of one atm pressure and 300oC. The
major heat consumption in the process will be to .
A. Data insufficient, can’t be predicted C. evaporate the water
B. To superheat the steam D. heat the water from 0oC to 100oC.

89. In pipe flow, heat is transferred from hot wall to the liquid by .
A. Forced convection only C. free and forced convection
B. Conduction only D. forced convection and conduction

90. Pick out the correct statement.

A. In unsteady state heat conduction, heat flows in the direction of temperature rise.
B. 1 kcal / hr.m.oC is equal to 1 BTU / hr.ft.oF
C. In steady state heat conduction, the only property of the substance which determines the
temperature distribution, is the thermal conductivity.
D. In heat transfer by forced convection, Grashoff number is very important.

------ ooo0ooo ------