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2/2/2021 A project report on financial statement analysis

NBFCs are different from Banks

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Company history

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Target Customer of the Company

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Net Worth w/s AUM

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They cannot offer gifts/incentives or any other additional benefit to the depositors.

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They should have minimum investment grade credit rating, from the credit rating agencies</li>
</ul>Company Overview<br /> ...

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A project report on financial statement analysis

1. 1. SUMMER TRAINING REPORT<br />On<br />AU FINANCIERS (INDIA) PVT.LTD.<br
/>FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS <br /> Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
the two year <br />Master of Business Administrative (MBA).<br />Submitted by<br /> <br /> <br />
<br />Batch: 2009-2011<br /> <br /> ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<br />The satisfaction and euphoria that
accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning the names of
the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all the efforts with
success.<br />I am deeply indebted to all people who have guided, inspired and helped us in the
successful completion of this project. I owe a debt of gratitude to all of them, who were so generous with
their time and expertise. <br />I am highly intended and extremely thankful to …………….. (Company
Mentor) & …………………. (College Mentor) who as my external guide was a constant source of
inspiration and encouragement to me. The strong interest evinced by them has helped me in dealing with
the problem; I faced during the course of project work. I express my profound sense of gratitude to them
for timely help and co-operation in completing the project. <br />Also I would like to thanks to
…………………… for his continuous guidance and support. <br /> <br /> Last but not the least, I thank
everybody of accounts & HR team, who helped directly or indirectly in completing the project that will
go a long way in my career, the project is really knowledgeable & memorable one.<br /> <br /> <br
/>CONTENTS<br />Serial. No.TITLEPAGE NO.<br />Chapter-1PROFILE OF COMPANY<br /><ul>
<li>Industry study
2. 2. Types of NBFCs
3. 3. NBFCs are different from Banks
4. 4. Company history
5. 5. Milestones
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6. 6. Board of Director
7. 7. Number of People in Company
8. 8. No. of Customers
9. 9. Target Customer of the Company
10. 10. Departments
11. 11. Financial profile of the company
12. 12. Actual & Future projection
13. 13. Net Worth w/s AUM
14. 14. Products & Services
15. 15. Competitors
16. 16. Other relative information’s
17. 17. Brand
18. 18. Strength
19. 19. Network
20. 20. Investor Relation
21. 21. Carreers
22. 22. Social Responsibility</li></ul>Chapter-2INTRODUCTION<br /><ul><li>Introduction of the study
23. 23. Purpose of study
24. 24. Scope of study
25. 25. Objective of the study
26. 26. Methodology
27. 27. Date collection
28. 28. Tools
29. 29. Limitation</li></ul>Chapter-3PROJEC OVERVIEW<br /><ul><li>Introduction of Financial
Statement
30. 30. Meaning and Concept of Financial Analysis
31. 31. Types of Financial Analysis
32. 32. Procedure of Financial Statement Analysis
33. 33. Methods and Devices of Financial Analysis
34. 34. Limitation of financial Analysis
35. 35. Overview of Ratio Analysis</li></ul>Chapter-4ANALYSIS AND INNTERPRETATION<br /><ul>
<li>Comparative Balance Sheet
36. 36. Comparative Income Statement
37. 37. Ratio Analysis</li></ul>Chapter-5FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS<br /><ul><li>Findings
38. 38. Suggestions</li></ul> Executive Summary<br />AU Financiers (India) Private Limited is registered
with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFCs). AU Financiers is fast
growing company with roots in Rajasthan, and branches spread in Maharashtra and Gujarat and planning
to increase our presence to pan India. This company provides financial solution to our customer like
Vehicle finance, Small secured loan, life insurance & General Insurance. This company comes under
Assets Finance Company (AFC) & Companies extensive network in semi-urban and rural areas of
Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat has brought the benefit of growth to people outside the usual scope
of organized finance and allowed us to propagate the motto of inclusive growth.<br />AU Financiers
biggest area of operation is commercial vehicle financing where Company serve the requirements of
various categories of the market right from three wheelers to multi-axle trucks. From first time buyers of
new vehicles to refinancing of running vehicles and this extensive product portfolio allows this company
to cater to a broad cross section of the market.<br />Company has more than 85 Branches across
Rajasthan, Maharashtra & Gujrat. And No. of customers is increasing very fast as on May 2010 Company
has 45,721 Customer across these locations and No. of Employers is 685 as on May 2010. Company is
performing well because in 2007-08 company’s Net Worth was 24.75 and in 2009-10 were 115.55.<br
/>This Project will focus on Managing of Fund. It will include Management of net funds available for
investment and external funds purchased from banks. (Owner’s Capital + funds purchased from banks.)
<br />This Project will help us to understand the shortage of the fund, means by doing this we can know
that when fund will short and accordingly we can manage fund for further investment activities. By
making month wise fund flow statement we can know shortage and excess of the fund.<br />This project
gives the importance of fund management tools and principles.<br /> <br /> Industry study<br />Non-
Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs)<br /> Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) are fast
emerging as an important segment of Indian financial system. It is a heterogeneous group of institutions
(other than commercial and co-operative banks) performing financial intermediation in a variety of ways,
like accepting deposits, making loans and advances, leasing, hire purchase etc. They raise fund from the
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public, directly or indirectly, and lend them to ultimate spenders. They advance loans to the various
wholesale and retail traders, small-scale industries and self-employed persons. Thus, they have broadened
and diversified the range of products and services offered by a financial sector. Gradually, they are being
recognized as complementary to the banking sector due to customer-oriented services, simplified
procedures, and attractive rates of return on deposits, flexibility and timeliness in meeting the credit needs
of specified sectors. <br />The working and operations of NBFCs are regulated by the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) with in the framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Act, 1934.<br /> As per the RBI
Act, a 'non-banking financial company' (NBFCs) is defined as:- <br /><ul><li>A financial institution
which is a company.
39. 39. A non banking institution which is a company and which has as its principal business the receiving of
deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, or lending in any manner.
40. 40. Such other non-banking institution or class of such institutions, as the bank may, with the previous
approval of the Central Government and by notification in the Official Gazette, specify.</li></ul>The
types of NBFCs registered with the RBI are:-<br />Equipment leasing company: - is any financial
institution whose principal business is that of leasing equipments or financing of such an activity.<br
/>Hire-purchase Company: - is any financial intermediary whose principal business relates to hire
purchase transactions or financing of such transactions.<br />Loan company: - means any financial
institution whose principal business is that of providing finance, whether by making loans or advances or
otherwise for any activity other than its own (excluding any equipment leasing or hire-purchase finance
activity).<br />Investment Company: - is any financial intermediary whose principal business is that of
buying and selling of securities.<br />Now, these NBFCs have been reclassified into three categories:-<br
/><ul><li>Asset finance Companies (AFC)</li></ul>AFC are financial institutions whose principal
business is of financing physical assets such as automobiles, tractors, construction equipments material
handling equipments and other machines. <br />E.g.: Bajaj Auto Finance corp., Fullerton India etc<br />
<ul><li>Investment Companies (IC)</li></ul>ICs generally are involved in the business of shares,
stocks, bonds, debentures issued by government or local authority that are marketable in nature. <br
/>E.g.: Stock Broking Companies, Gilt firms<br /><ul><li>Loan Companies (LC)</li></ul>LCs is loan
giving companies which operate in the business of providing loans. These can be housing loans, gold
loans etc<br />E.g.: Mannapuram Gold Finance, HDFC<br /> NBFCs are different from Banks<br />
<ul><li>NBFCs cannot accept demand deposits (Demand deposits are funds deposited in an institution,
that are payable immediately on demand e.g.: Savings account, Current account etc)
41. 41. A NBFC cannot issue cheques, to their customers and is not a part of the payment and settlement
system
42. 42. Deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) is not
available for NBFC depositors
43. 43. They cannot offer interest rates higher than the ceiling rate prescribed by RBI from time to time.
(Currently the ceiling rate is 12.5%)
44. 44. They cannot offer gifts/incentives or any other additional benefit to the depositors.
45. 45. They should have minimum investment grade credit rating, from the credit rating agencies</li>
</ul>Company Overview<br /> AU financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />AU Financiers (India) Private
Limited, registered with Reserve Bank of India as a Non Banking Finance Company (NBFC) and this
company was promoted by Mr. Sanjay Agarwal in the year 1996. Originally the Company was
incorporated as ‘L.N. Finco Gems Private Limited’ but in 2005 Company has changed its named into ‘AU
Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd’. The objective was to align the Company name with business line of the
Company.<br />AU Financiers is a fast growing financing company with our roots in Rajasthan, and
branches spread in Maharashtra and Gujarat and planning to increase our presence to pan India. Company
facilitates access too easy, affordable financing options for small road transport operators and fleet
owners. Company extensive network in semi-urban and rural areas of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat
has brought the benefit of growth to people outside the usual scope of organized finance and allowed us
to propagate the motto of inclusive growth.<br />Its biggest area of operation is commercial vehicle
financing where we serve the requirements of various categories of the market right from three wheelers
to multi-axle trucks. From first time buyers of new vehicles to refinancing of running vehicles, our
extensive product portfolio allows us to cater to a broad cross section of the market.<br />It also engaged
in small secured business loan products for personal and business needs. Our excellent track record of
high quality lead generation, high collection ratio and low delinquencies has attracted the attention of
high quality stakeholders and today, besides the promoters, our principal investor is Motilal Oswal Private
Equity Advisors Private Limited. The support of our investors and our enhanced management bandwidth
has given us the impetus to forge ahead in new geographies and expand our product portfolio.<br /> <br
/> Milestones<br /><ul><li>The company has disbursed more than Rs.850 crores till January 2010.The
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company is making continuous efforts to provide financial assistance not only to the people of Rajasthan
but also to the people of Maharashtra and Gujarat.CRISIL is continuously monitoring our performance.
On the basis of performance analysis and sustainable growth shown by the company, company’s rating
has been improved to BBB/Stable from BBB/+.2008- Private Equity Investment from Motilal Oswal
Venture Capital Advisors Private Limited. BOARD OF DIRECTORSMr. Sanjay Agarwal, Promoter &
Managing DirectorMr. Uttam Tibrewal, Executive DirectorMr. Krishan Kant Rathi (Director)Mr. Vishal
Kumar Gupta (Investor Director) The company is being managed by its Board of Directors consisting of
4 board members including investor directors. Mr. Sanjay Agarwal, Managing DirectorHe is promoter of
the company; he is chartered accountant by profession and is a first generation entrepreneur with 15 years
of experience in the finance industry. Having expertise in various fields, he plays key role in financing
and financing strategy, corporate planning and risk management. He is also a member of Rajasthan
finance companies association. He believes that: to be successful in life one should have self confidence,
integrity and great passion towards his/her works. And it is equally important to assign a right task to the
right person as per his/her competency and skills at right time.Mr. Uttam Tibrewal, Executive DirectorHe
is commerce graduate. He is having 15 years of experience in retail business and has been working in the
finance industry for the last 10 years. His expertise expands into the area of retail marketing, building
customer relationships and managing operations.He joined in 2003 and is looking after business
development, human resource and developing strategic relationships.He being born and brought up in
business class family; always had a vision to become a successful entrepreneur. His commitment and
dedication has turned no stone upturn. He has been able to identify the undetected diversified area with
his creative thinking and long term vision towards life.He believes that: Hard work and integrity is the
key to success.Mr. Krishan Kant Rathi, DirectorHe is a Chartered Accountant and a Company Secretary
by profession and having more than 20 years of experience in the field of finance & accounts. He
represents India Business Excellence Fund (“IBEF”) on the board of the company. He is a director in
Motilal Oswal Private Equity (“MOPE”). He has also worked as chief financial officer of Future Group
and in senior positions at RPG Group and Rajan Raheja Group. He is also the Chairman of the Audit
Committee of the company.Mr. Vishal Kumar Gupta, Investor Director He has a Bachelor of Engineering
degree from Aligarh Muslim University and has further done MBA from the University of Chicago. He is
a having vast experience of more than 10 years in business planning, joint ventures, mergers &
acquisitions, fund raising through private equity and stock markets, corporate governance, treasury
management, etc. He represents IBEF on the board of the Company. Board of
DirectorsManagingDirectorOperation, Accounts & Finance HeadExecutive DirectorBusiness
HeadsManagerZonal HeadOperations, Accounts & Finance ManagerOperations, Accounts & Finance
TeamCollection & Legal HeadAdmin, HR & IT ManagerManagerAdmin, HR & IT TeamExecutiveFI &
Credit TeamRisk & Credit HeadCluster HeadTeam LeaderCollection & Legal TeamBranch ManagerChief
Financial Officer NUMBER OF PEOPLEThe number of employers is increasing year by year at fastest
speed, like in 2006-07 the no. of employees was 155 but in 2010 it is 685.Department wise Employees
Strength for May 10 Marketing & Insurance Credit & Operations Accounts & Finance Collections &
Legal Admin, Hr & IT SME & Agri Business Total Strength 356 113 83 69 52 12 685 No. of Customers
YearTotal No. of Customers 2003-04189 2004-052376 2005-066182 2006-0712335 2007-0820239 2008-
0926723 2009-1041995Apr - 1043521 May -1045721 Target Customer of the CompanyRural Semi-
Urban areas First time usersTier-2 Cities DEPARTMENTSMarketing Department.Accounts
Department.Collection Department.Credit Departments.Human Resources Departments.IT
Department.Insurance Department. FINANCIAL PROFILE OF THE COMPANY Figures in
CrsParticulars 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 Income from Operations 54.27 22.53 12.88 6.50 Profit
Before Tax 18.16 7.74 4.19 1.53 Profit After Tax 11.85 5.18 2.58 .99 Net Worth 115.55 40.37 24.75 2.83
Loan Funds 108.06 60.11 2.01 0.34 Capital Adequacy Ratio (considering off bal sheet items) 31.20%
19.00% 11.14% 6.53% CAR (without off balance sheet items) 66.18% 80.18% 143.03% 217.85%
ACTUAL & FUTURE PROJECTIONSParticulars 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Disbursements 414.49 800
1200 AUM 485.58 925 1400 Net Worth 115.55 150 190 NET WORTH v/s AUMParticulars Net
WorthAUMAUM to NW(in times) % Increase in NW 2003-04 1.09 4.15 3.81 -- 2004-05 2.74 43.0115.70
151.38% 2005-06 2.84 79.77 28.09 3.65% 2006-07 8.83 136.74 15.49 210.92% 2007-08 24.24 210.77
8.70 174.52% 2008-09 40.38 247.65 6.13 66.58% 2009-10 115.55 485.58 4.20186% Products &
ServicesVehicle FinanceSmall Secured Business LoansSecured small Landing to existing
customers.InsuranceVehicle Financing:-Commercial vehicle loans will continue to remain the mainstay
for the Company. Company primarily offer our services for financing various types of heavy commercial
vehicle, light commercial vehicle, multi-utility offer our services for financing various types of heavy
commercial vehicle, light commercial vehicle, multi-utility vehicle, cars, three wheeler loading, three
wheeler passenger, tractor etc. of different reputed brands like Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors,
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Piaggio vehicles, Force Motors, Maruti, Chevrolet, Toyota, etc. Features:• Touch & Feel Policy•
Takeover/ Top-up Loans• Simple documentation• Quick credit decision• Speedy approval &
Disbursement• Loan approval on NIP also i.e. Non Income Proof• Wide repayment options such as
Cash/FPDC/RPDC/ECS• Variable guarantor facility i.e. guarantor can be Existing Customer/Family
Member/Govt. Employee/Any transporter etc.Loan against property:-These are secured loans provided to
customers that would meet urgent economic need of the customers. This new business will be built under
a new brand called shubharambh. One of the unique aspects of this service is that we also provide loans
against Gram Panchayat registered properties which in our knowledge are not provided by any financial
institution.Features:-• ‘Touch and feel policy’ • Easy & flexible installment repayment• Fast processing•
Business establishment supportSmall business loans:-Company renders our financial assistance to
promote Small business and income generation activities. Typical tenure for these loans is between three
to five years.Features:-Loan starting from as little as Rs. 50,000Flexibility to choose an EMI based
loanFastest processing in the industryProviding proper guidance and consultancy to the customer General
Insurance:- Company creating awareness in the rural areas. The Company has arrangements with multiple
insurance companies to offer advisory services for General and Life insurance products. It understands
our customer, their basic needs and advises them in the selection of insurance product. It offer products to
match our customers personal and business needs and provide them a perfect protection cover. Company
advice motor insurance with various plans for private, passengers, and goods carrying vehicles and non
motor insurance like Medi-claim Policy, Hospitalization Policy, Personal accident Policy, Travel Policy,
Fire and burglary Policy, Marine Policy. Company has also introduced our in-house product ‘Loan Shield
Policy’ under the name of Future Generali India Insurance Company Ltd. This product is a cross sell
opportunity for the company as it is sold out to the customers when they avail finance. This ensures
repayment of the loan taken by the customers in event of any contingency.Features:New insurance
policies Renewal of existing policiesSeveral options under one roof Fair & prompt assistance Hassle free
claim settlement Efficient pre & post advisory servicesLife Insurance Life is full of unexpected surprises;
unpredictable events can strike without warning and disrupt the smooth rhythm of life. Therefore, It offer
you a peace of Mind by advising various life insurance plans for your unique & specific needs. You must
always ensure the financial security of your family and we are here to give you complete financial
solutions. Company understands the needs of our clients and meets their requirement with best available
product with in well defined time frames and quality assurance.Life Insurance Plans:Protection plans
Investment plans Child plansEndowment plansRetirement/pension PlansHealth plans Competitors
Mahindra & Mahindra financial services Ltd.Meghma Finance Ltd.Bajaj Auto Finance Ltd.Shriram
finance.Baid Finance Ltd.HDFC bank.Hinduja Finance Pvt. Ltd. And Unorganized Sector BRAND AU
means gold which is precious and worthy across all cultures and times. It symbolizes in service, wealth
and happiness. Financiers mean those who finance. As the name of the company suggests, we are the
company who finance thorough imperil service to create happiness in the lives our precious and worthy
customers. We have launched the new logo of our company which is having manifolds. Firstly, it is
symbolic to Swastik, the most prominent auspicious symbol of the present era. Swastik symbolizes
auspiciousness, well being and let good prevail. Secondly, it is made up with 4 F’s which means- Fast,
Fair, Flexible & Friend.Thirdly, the color associated with it has deep meaning. Blue color is considered to
be a corporate color which symbolizes calmness, peace, confidence, intelligence, stability, unity, trust,
loyalty, wisdom, faith, tranquility and sincerity.Red color which a very emotionally intense color is
associated with energy, strength, courage, power, determination as well as passion, desire, and love.
STRENGTHSRelationship based origination model: We meet every borrower in person before disbursing
a loan. The company works on the concept of ‘touch and feel’ which helps to understand background,
profile & needs of the customers which are overlooked by the organized sector. Company provides easy
finance with hassle (difficulty) free documentation, speedy and transparent process. Centralized &
Independent credit verification:It highly focused on credit quality of the borrowers. Each file has to go
through layered filtration process of the company including credit verification at different levels and final
approval from head office. Company assesses the synergy & viability between product, customer profile
and product’s proposed use. Robust collection process:Company has in house collection team with expert
legal advisors who on regular basis follows up with delinquent accounts. Company has layered process
which includes telecalling, personal visit, legal actions, repossession of vehicles etc. The company has a
policy of releasing of REPO vehicles which boosts customers confidence is us. The company’s collection
efficiency is very strong and has on of the lowest delinquency ratios of in the industry.Grass root
penetration: Many analysts believe that the rural economy will grow strongly in the coming years. There
is strong focus by the Government of strengthen the rural economy. AU Financiers could be a significant
beneficiary of this trend. As it diversifies its loan products and offers other forms of secured financing it
could augur very well for growth prospects of the Company.High vintage of team:AU has a strong, highly
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motivated and enthusiastic team with rich experience and knowledge of on-the-ground business. The core
team has worked with each other for the past several years. The team has been able to establish strong
relationships in the marketplace, as well as with various authorities/establishments. NETWORKAUFIPL
is the first Rajasthan based NBFC which is functioning in many states. AUFIPL continually delivers its
promise to provide you quality and hassle-free services through a vast network of virtually connected
offices/ branches.Company branch network continues to expand across the country. As company
continually strives to give our customers the best possible service, company is able to offer over 4
products lines. The Company sees geographical expansion as one of its goals, which is aimed on
maximizing access for customers. This aim is being implemented as planned. For customer’s comfort and
faster loan disbursals, creation of regions and allocation of certain authorities to them have significantly
minimized time spent by clients on receiving loans. Therefore, the Company makes a special focus on
this aspect. It is worth noting that dynamically developing the Company’s Branches were opened in the
largest regions of the state of Rajasthan. And on the same lines the company is expanding its Network in
the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat. The Company is presently operating through 84 branches with
presence in these three states. AUFIPL is primarily engaged in originating and underwriting secured loans
in semi urban and rural areas. The company is focused to provide variety of financial products to its
customers such as Commercial Vehicle loan, Car Loan, Small Secured Business Loans, General and Life-
Insurance facility.The Company originates loans under agriculture and priority sector lending as per
Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”) s Guidelines. Network of the Company Investor Relation IFC is a
dynamic organization, constantly focusing in creating opportunity to the people to escape poverty and to
improve their lives. To achieve this Purpose, IFC offers development-impact solutions though firm-level
interventions direct investments, advisory services, and the IFC Asset Management Company; standard-
setting; and business enabling environment work. IFC is the financially and legally independent private
sector arm of the World Bank Group.It also coordinates with the other institutions of the World Bank
Group for its activities. IFC’s operations are carried out by its departments, most of which are organized
by world region or global industry/sector. IFC has over 3,400 staff, of which 51% work in field offices
and 49% at headquarters in Washington, D.C.IFC continues to develop new financial tools that enable
companies to manage risk and broaden their access to foreign and domestic capital markets. IFC has
launched a broad and targeted set of initiatives to help private enterprises cope with the global financial
and economic crisis.IFC investment in AU financiers will expand borrowing to low-income and
underserved customers. Alliance of IFC with AU financiers will enables us to mutually attain the purpose
by strengthening the business model of AU Financiers. CAREERSCareer with AU Financiers (India) Pvt.
Ltd.AU Financiers is rapidly growing company; there are great opportunities for career advancement.
Company believes our success depends on the exceptional quality and extraordinary efforts of our people
who are associated at the grass root level. For this reason, we are committed to hire, develop, motivate
and retain the best people in the industry. People who have a great zeal and passion towards work can be
a part of our experienced and expertise team.Why AU Financiers?A career at AU Financiers means an
opportunity for ample learning & growth. The Company Offers a challenging assignment, a world class
working environment, professional management, and competitive salaries, along with exceptional
rewards.If volunteers have an appetite for challenges, we have an exciting career for you. Some highlights
of facilities for employees at AU Financiers:-Professional Work EnvironmentCompany has a growing
pool of talented professionals, including CAs, MBAs, Lawyers, CSs, and others. This provides a good
opportunity to interact and learn from each other.Professional & Personal GrowthPerformance is the key
element that matters at AU Financiers. AU Financiers has a transparent policy of recognizing and
rewarding deserving people. Company’s performance management systems ensure that the credit goes to
those who deserve it. Qualities like leadership, communication skills, negotiating skills and an impressive
personality get developed automatically, largely due to the contagiously professional atmosphere and
rigorous training programmes at AU Financiers.Fun at Work Place AU Financiers ensures that all team
members are adequately rewarded for the efforts put in. company regularly organizes trips to various
exotic locations in India and abroad for our top performers.Job Security At AU Financiers, quality is the
key factor in every sphere of activity. That’s why we have a rigorous screening procedure. Once selected,
every team member is treated like a family member. Everyone is given a chance to work in different
departments in order to get acclimatized. No wonder, many of our team members have been with us for
years. Honest and performing team members will always find their jobs secure.Culture AU Financiers
encourages healthy living. All offices are no-smoking areas. There are no night shifts. Company also
organizes yoga sessions to improve the health and well-being of our team members.Open
CommunicationThe entire top management and the leaders at AU Financiers are always accessible. They
are ever-willing to help and hear you out whenever you need them.Good CompensationAU Financiers
offers a compensation package that is one of the best in the industry. Company believes and asks our team
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members to write their own cheques. Apart from fixed salaries, we offer aggressive bonus and
incentives.Core valuesCompany employees are the fixed assets of our company.Recognize and reward
individual ability and performance appropriately.Recruit and promote on the basis of merit and
performance.Create and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. Training &
DevelopmentCompany always strives hard to develop skills, knowledge and competency of our team
through developmental assignments, continuous training, and development interventions. Company
makes ensure that our employees are given Support, Knowledge, Recognition, Empowerment, and
Transformation from time to time. We organize in- house as well as external training programmes for our
employees.‘AU Financiers is a growing finance company which provides conducive environment and
platform to grow in person and as a professional.’ SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYThe company continues
to contribute to the economic well being of the communities it interacts with and enhances their social
well being. The company during the year continued to involve itself in social welfare activities by
contributing to recognized charitable institution, which specifically benefits the economically
disadvantaged and socially weaker sections of the society. The Company has regularly contributed
to the “Akshay Patra Foundation”. Akshay Patra Foundation runs “Nutritious food for children in
schools” a well known mid-day meal program targeted towards school going children from the under
privileged sections of society. In the current year the company donated a Mahindra Vehicle to Akshay
Patra foundation” Company is frontrunner in state of Rajasthan in phasing down old Diesel and Petrol 3
wheelers with new upgraded LPG/CNG based 3 wheelers. Thereby, Company is supporting Govt. of
India vision of save energy and environment friendly vehicles on road for better future of our next
generation. Company’s 99% of lending is concentrated to vehicle financing and Company’s is focused on
financing of vehicles with greater fuel efficiency, lower emission of pollutants and new technology
including CNG/LPG. Company’s is looking forward to do “concentrated financing” of vehicles which
shall lead to:1. Saving of fuel with better fuel efficiency with new technology vehicles. 2. Improvement
by way of reduction in remission of polluting gases by funding of EURO certification vehicles. 3.
Funding of vehicles run on LPG / CNG with little or no atmospheric pollution. Company has been
financing following vehicles which leads to lower emission of pollutants and Higher fuel efficiency and
with sophisticated technology. Company also promoting education by reimbursing the cost of education
of children of our employees who belong to economically weaker section of the society. </li>
</ul>Chapter-2INTRODUCTION<br />Introduction of the study<br />Purpose of study<br />Scope of
study<br />Objective of the study<br />Methodology<br />Date collection <br />Tools<br
/>Limitation<br />Introduction of study<br />Finance is defined as the provision of money when it is
required. Every enterprise needs finance to start and carry out its operation. Finance is the life blood of an
organization. So finance should be managed effectively.<br />Financial statements are prepared primarily
for decision making. Financial statement analysis refers to the process of determining financial strength
and weakness of the firm by properly establishing strategic relationship between the items of the balance
sheet and profit and loss account. There are various methods and techniques used in analyzing financial
statements, such as comparative statements, trend analysis, common size statement, schedule of changes
in working capital, fund flow and cash flow analysis, cost volume profit analysis and ratio analysis and
other operative data the analysis of financial statement is used for decision making by various parties.<br
/>First task is to analyze and select the information which is requiring taking decision.<br />Second task
is to arrange the information in a way to highlight significant relationship.<br />Final task is the
interpretation and drawing of inferences and conclusions.<br />Purpose of study<br /> The present study
is made as a part of the MBA Programme for training in the form of on the job training with the following
activities.<br />To know the financial position of the Au- financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />The company
has the strength to fulfill its obligation or not <br />Find out strength and weakness of Au-Financier’s
(India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Performance of Au- financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd. For granting credit providing loan
and making investment.<br />Growth rate of Au- financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Know the liquidity
position of Au-Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Know the long term solvency of Au-Financier’s (India)
Pvt. Ltd.<br />Know the operation efficiency of Au-Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Know the overall
profitability of Au-Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd. <br />Place of Study<br />All the activities are carried
out in the Au-Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Scope of Study<br />The data and information were
gathered during training.<br />The scope is limited to the secondary data only.<br />The scope is
delimited to the year from 1998<br />Objective of the Study<br />The role objective of the project is to
help the management of the organization in decision making regarding the subject matter.<br
/>Calculation of financial statement and ration is only the clerical task whereas the interpretation of its
needs immense skill intelligence and foresightedness.<br />One of the easiest and most popular ways of
evaluating performance of the organization is to compare its present ratios with the past ones called
comparison and through development action plan.<br />It gives an indication of the direction of change
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and reflects whether the organization’s financial position and predominance has improved deteriorated or
remained constant over period of time.<br />Here much emphasis is given to historical comparison and
on forecasting the immediate future trends<br />Methodology<br />The research involved extensive and
intensive studies of Au- financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd. in this project report a sincere effort has been made
to study the financier statements analysis of the company. During this study, I study the financial position
and performance of the company. At last, I have given interpretation and conclusion of the study.<br
/>Data collection<br />The whole of my study is based on secondary data of Au- financier’s (India) Pvt.
Ltd. I have not taken any primary data for my study because primary data would not have been helpful to
my study. During the tenure of my study I have taken help of the following secondary data.<br />Annual
report of Au-Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Annual audit report of Au-Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd..<br
/>Balance sheet of Au-Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Development action plan of Au-Financiers
(India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Profit and loss account of Au-Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Tools<br />There
are some of the tools, which are relevant for the study of ration analysis and performance of Au-
Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Comparative Statements.<br />Trend Analysis<br />Common size
statements<br />Funds flow analysis.<br />Cash flow Analysis<br />Cost volume profit Analysis<br
/>Ratio analysis.<br />Limitation<br />It is only based on mathematical interpretation of the figures and
ignores the factors such as management style, motivation of workers leadership etc. <br />It is affected by
the price level changes<br />It does not give any clue for future.<br />Chapter No. 3 PROJEC
OVERVIEW<br />Introduction of Financial Statement<br />Meaning and Concept of Financial
Analysis<br />Types of Financial Analysis<br />Procedure of Financial Statement Analysis<br
/>Methods and Devices of Financial Analysis<br />Limitation of financial Analysis<br />Overview of
Ratio Analysis<br />3.1 –Introduction of Financial Statement: -<br /> <br />Finance is defined as the
provision of money when it is required. Every enterprise needs finance to start and carry out its operation.
Finance is the lifeblood of an organization. So, finance should be managed effectively. <br />Financial
statements are prepared primarily for decision making. Financial Statement Analysis refers to the process
of determining financial strength and weakness of the firm by properly establishing strategic relationship
between the items of the balance sheet and profit and loss account. There are various methods and
techniques used in analyzing financial statements, such as comparative statements, trend analysis,
common size statements, schedule of changes in working capital, funds flow and cash flow analysis, cost
volume profit analysis and ratio analysis and other operative data. The analysis of financial statement is
used for decision making by various parties<br />3.2 Meaning and Concept of Financial Analysis:-<br />
<br />The term ‘financial analysis’ , also known as analysis and interpretation of financial statements’,
refers to the process of determining financial strengths and weakness of the firm by establishing strategic
relationship between the items of the balance sheet, profit and loss account and opposite data.”Analysing
financial statements,” according to Metcalf and Titard, “is a process of evaluating the relationship
between component parts of a financial statements to obtain a better understanding of a firm’s position
and performance”. In the words of Myers, “Financial statement analysis is largely a study of relationship
among the various financial factors in a business as disclosed by a single set-of statement, and a study of
the trend of these factors as shown in a series of statements.” <br />The purpose of financial analysis is to
diagnose the information contained in financial statements so as to judge the profitability and financial
soundness of the firm. Just like a doctor examines his patient by recording his body temperature, blood
pressure, etc. before making his conclusion regarding the illness and before giving his treatment, a
financial analyst analysis the financial statements with various tools of analysis before commenting upon
the financial health or weaknesses of an enterprise. The analysis and interpretation of financial statements
is essential to bring out the mystery behind the figures in financial statements. Financial statements
analysis is an attempt to determine the significance and meaning of the financial statement data so that
forecast may be made of the future earnings, ability to pay interest and debt maturities (both current and
long-term) and profitability of a sound dividend policy<br />The term ‘financial statement analysis’
includes both ‘analysis’, and ‘interpretation’. A distinction should, therefore, be made between the two
terms. While the term ‘analysis’ is used to mean the simplification of financial data by methodical
classification of the data given in the financial statements, ‘interpretation’ means, ‘explaining the
meaning and significance of the data so simplified however, both analysis and interpretation are in
terlinked and complimentary to each other aAnalysis is useless without interpretation and interpretation
without analysis is fifficult or even impossible most of the authors have used the term analysis only to
cover the meaning both analysis and interpredation as the objective of analysis is ti sutudy the
relationship between various items of financial statements by interpretation. We have also used the terms
Financial statement Analysis or simply Financial Analysis to cover the meaninng of both analys is and
interpretation.<br />3.3 - Objective and Importance of Financial Statament Analysis:-<br />The primary
objective of financial statements analysis is to understatd and diagnoe theimformation contained in
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financial statement with a view to judge the profitability financial soundness of the firm and to make
forecast about future prospects of the firm. The purposed of analysis depencds upon the person interested
in such analysis and his object. However the following purposed or objecti es of finandiaol statements
analysis may be stated to bring out signifiance of such analysis.<br />To assess the earning capacity or
profitability of the firm.<br />To assess the operational efficiency and managerial effectiveness.<br />To
assess the short term as wesll as log term solvency of the firm.<br />To identify the reasons for change in
profitability and financial position of the form.<br />To make inter firem comparisons.<br />To make
forecasts about future prospects of the firm<br />To assess the progress of the firm over a perid of time.
<br />To help in decision making and control.<br />To guide or determine the dividecnd action<br /> To
proved important information for granting credit. <br />Types of Financial Analysis<br />On the basis of
material used<br />On the basis of modus operandi,<br />On the bases of entities used,<br />On the basis
of time horizon.<br />On the basis of Material Used. <br />According to material used, financial analysis
can be two types.<br />(a)External Analysis<br />(b)Internal Analysis<br />External Analysis: This
analysis is done by outsiders who do not have access to the detailed internal accounting records of the
business firm. There outsiders include investors, potential investors, creditors, potential creditors, credit
agencies, government agencies and general public. For financial analysis thus save only a limited
purpose, however the recent changes in the government regulations requiring business firms to make
available more detailed information to the public though audited published accounts have considerably
improved the position of the external analysis.<br />Internal Analysis:- This analysis is done by persons
who have access who have across to the detailed internal accounting records of the business firm is
known as internal analysis such an analysis can therefore be performed by executives and employees of
the employee of the organization as well as government agencies which have statutory powers vested in
them financial analysis for managerial purposed is the internal type of analysis that can be effected
de[ending upon the purpose to be achieved<br />On the basis of modus operandic<br />According to the
method of operation followed in the analysis can be two types <br />Horizontal Analysis<br />Vertical
Analysis <br />Horizontal Analysis:- If refers to the comparison of financial data of a company for
several years. The figures of this type analysis are presented horizontally over a number of columns. The
figures of the variously years are compared with standard or base year. A base year is a year chosen as
beginning point. It is also called ‘Dynamic Analysis’. This analysis makes it possible to focus attention on
items that have changed significantly during the period under review. Comparative statements and trend
percentages are two tools employed in horizontal analysis.<br />Vertical Analysis:- It refers to the study
of relationship of the various items in the financial statements of one accounting period. In this type of
analysis the figures from financial statements of a year are compared with a base year selected from the
same year’s statement. It is also called ‘Static Analysis’. Common size financial statements and financial
ratios are the two tools employed in vertical analysis. Since vertical analysis considers data for one time
period only, it is not vary conducive to a proper analysis financial statements. However, it may be used
along with horizontal analysis to make it more effective and meaningful.<br />On the basis of entities
involved:<br />According to the method of operation followed in the analysis can be two types<br />Inter
–firm or Cross Sectional Analysis<br />Intra-firm or Time Series Analysis<br />Inter-Firm or Cross
Sectional Analysis:- Cross sectional analysis involves comparison of financial data of a firm with other
firms (competitors) or industry averages for the same time period <br />Intra-firm or Time Series
Analysis:- Time series analysis involves the study of performance of the same firm over a period of time.
<br />On the basis of time horizon.<br />According to the method of operation followed in the analysis
can be two types <br />s<br />Short term Analysis<br />Long term Analysis.<br />Short term Analysis:-
Short term analysis measures the liquidity position of a firm, i. e. short term paying capacity of a firm or
the firm’s ability to meet the current obligations.<br />Long term Analysis:- Long term analysis involves
the of the firm’s ability to meet the interest costs and repayment schedules of its long term obligations.
The solvency, stability and profitability are measured under this type of analysis.<br />Procedure of
Financial Statements Analysis<br />Broadly speaking there are three steps involved in the analysis of
financial statements. These are<br />Selection<br />Classification<br />Interpretation<br />The first step
involves selection of information (data) relevant to the purpose of analysis of financial statements. The
second step involved is the methodical classification of the data and the third step includes drawing of
inferences and conclusions.<br />The following procedure is adopted for the analysis and interpretation
of financial statements.<br />The analyst should acquaint himself with principles and postulates of
accounting. He should know the plans and policies of the management so that he may be able to find out
whether these plans are properly executed or not.<br />The extent of analysis should be determined so
that the sphere of work may be decided. If the aim is to find out the earning capacity of the enterprise then
analysis of income statement will be undertaken. On the other hand, if the financial position is to be
studied then balance sheet analysis will be necessary.<br />The financial data given in the statements
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should be re-organized and re-arranged. It will involve the grouping of similar data under same heads,
breaking down of individual components of statements according to nature. The data is reduced to a
standard form.<br />A relationship is established among financial statements with the help of tools and
techniques of analysis such as ratios, trends, common size, finds flow etc.<br />The information is
interpreted in a simple and understandable way. The significance and utility of financial data is explained
for helping decision-taking.<br />The conclusions drawn from interpretation are presented to the
management in the form of reports<br />Methods or Devices of Financial Analysis<br />A Number of
methods or devices are used to study the relationship between different statements. The following
methods of analysis are generally used:<br />Comparative statement<br />Trend analysis<br />Common
size statements<br />Funds flow analysis <br />Cash flow analysis <br />Ratio analysis<br />Cost-
volume-profit analysis<br />In this project the Comparative statement and Ratio Analysis is used to study
the financial statements of Au-Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.<br />Comparative Statement:- The
comparative financial statements are statements of the financial position at different periods of time. The
elements of financial position are shown in a comparative form so as to give an idea of financial position
at two or more periods. Any statement prepared in a comparative form will be covered in comparative
statements. From practical point of view generally two financial statements.<br />Balance Sheet<br
/>Income Statement <br />Comparative balance sheet:- The comparative balance sheet analysis is the
study of the trend of the same items, group of items and computed items, group of items and computed
items in two or more balance sheets of the same business enterprise on different dates. The changes in
periodic balance sheet items reflect the conduct of a business. The changes can be observed by
comparison of th balance she at the beginning and at the end of a period and these changes can help in
forming an opinion about the progress of an enterprise. The comparative balance sheet has two columns
for the data of original balance sheet. A third column is used to show this increase in figures. The fourth
column may be added for giving percentage of increases and decreases. <br />Guidelines for
Interpretation of Comparative Balance Sheet<br />While interpreting comparative balance sheet the
interpreter is expected to study the following aspects.<br />Current Financial Position and Liquidity
Position<br />Long term Financial Position<br />Profitability of the Concern<br />For studying the
Financial Position and short term Financial Position of a concern, one sees the working capital in both the
years. The excess of current assets over current liabilities will give the figure of working capital. The
increase in working capital means improvement in the current financial position of the business. An
increase in current assets accompanied by the increase in current liabilities of the same amount will not
show any improvement in short term financial position. One should study the increase or decrease in
current assts and current liabilities and this will enable him to analyze the current financial position.<br
/>The second aspect which should be studies in current financial position is the liquidity position of the
concern. If liquid assets like cash in hand, cash at bank, bills receivable, debtors, etc. Show an increase in
the second year over the first year, this will improve the liquidity position of the concern, the increase in
inventory can be on account of accumulation of stocks for want customers, decrease in demand or
inadequate sales promotion efforts. An increase in inventory may increase working capital of the business
but it will not be good for business.<br />The long term financial position of the concern can be analyzed
by studying the changes in fixed assets, long term liabilities and capital. The proper financial policy of
concern will be to finance fixed assets by the issue of either long term securities such as debentures,
bonds, loans from financial institutions or issue of fresh share capital, an increase in fixed assets should
be compared to the increase in long term loans and capital if the increase in fixed assets is more than the
long term securities then parts of fixed assets have not only been financed from long term sources. A wise
policy will be to fiancé fixed assets by raising long term funds.<br />The new aspects to be studied in a
comparative balance sheet questions is the profitability of the concern. The study of increase or decrease
in retained earning, various resources and surpluses, etc will enable the interpreter to see whether the
profitability has improved or not. An increase in the balance of profit and loss account and he other
resources created from profits will mean an increase in profitability to the concern. The decrease in such
accounts may mean issue divided, issue dividend, issue of bonus share or deterioration in profitability of
the concern.<br />After studying various assets and liabilities and opinion should be formed about the
financial position of the concern. One cannot say if short term financial position is good the n long term
financial position will also be good or vice versa. A concluding word about the overall financial position
must be given at the end.<br />Comparative Income Statement:- The income statement gives the results
of the operation of a business. The comparative income statement gives an idea of the progress of a
business over a period of time. The changes in absolute data in money values and percentages can be
determined it analyze the profitability of the business. .like comparative balance sheet income statement
also has four columns. First two columns give figures of various items for two years. Third and fourth
columns are used to show increase or decrease in figures in absolute amounts and percentages
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respectively.<br />Guidelines for Interpretation of Comparative Income Statement<br />The analysis and
interpretation of income statement will involve are following steps. <br /> <br />The increase or decrease
in sales should be compared with the increase ore decrease in costs of goods sold. An increase in sales
will not always mean an increase in profit. The profitability will improve if increase in sales is more than
increase in costs of goods sold. The amount of gross profit should be studied in the first step.<br />The
second step of analysis should be the operational profits. The operating expenses such as office and
administrative expenses, selling and distribution expenses should be deducted from gross profit to find
out operating profits. An increase in operating profit will result from the increase in sales position and
control of operating expenses. A decrease in operating profit may be due to an increase in operating
expenses or decease in sales. The change in individual expenses should also be studied. Some expenses
may increase due to the expansion of business activities while others may go u due to managerial
inefficiency.<br />The increase or decrease in net profit will give an idea about the overall profitability of
the concern. Non operating expenses such as interest paid, losses from sales of assets, writing off deferred
expenses, payment of tax, etc. Decrease the figure of operational profit, we get a figure of net profit.
Some non operating incomes may also be there which will increase net profit. An increase in net profit
will gave us an idea about the progress of the concern. <br />An opinion should be formed about
profitability of the concern and it should be given at the end. It should be mentioned whether the overall
profitability of the concern is good or not.<br />Focus on Financial statement Analysis:<br />Financial
statement analysis involves evaluating different aspects of a business enterprise, which are of great
importance to different users such as management, investors, creditors, bankers, analyst, investment
advisers, etc. generally, the following analyses are made while making Financial Statement Analysis.<br
/>Liquidity or short term solvency analysis.<br />Profitability analysis<br />Capital structure or gearing
analysis<br />Market strength or investor analysis <br />Growth and stability analysis<br />Application
of Financial Analysis<br />Following are the application of financial analysis:<br />Assessing Corporate
Excellence<br />Judging credit worthiness<br />Forecasting bankruptcy<br />Valuing equity shares<br
/>Predicting bonds ratings<br />Estimating market risk<br />Limitations of Financial Statement
Analysis<br />Financial analysis is a powerful mechanism of determining financial strengths and
weakness of a firm. But, the analysis is based on the information available in the financial statements.
Thus, the financial analysis suffers from serious inherent limitations of financial statements. The financial
analysis has also be careful about the impact of price level changes, windows dressing of financial
statements, changes in the accounting policies of a firm, accounting concepts and conventions, and
personal judgment, etc. the readers are advised to relate the limitations of financial statements as given in
the previous chapter and also the limitations of ratios as a tool of financial analysis as discussed in Ratio
Analysis. Some of the important limitations of financial analysis are, however, summed up as below.<br
/>It is only a study of interim reports.<br />Financial analysis is based upon only monetary information
and non-monetary factors are ignored.<br />It does not consider changes in price levels.<br />As the
financial statements are prepared on the basis of a going concern, it does not give exact position. Thus
accounting concepts and conventions cause a serious limitation to financial analysis.<br />Changes in
accounting procedure by a firm may often make financial analysis misleading.<br />Analysis is only a
means and not an end in it self. The analyst has to make interpretation and drawn his own conclusions.
Different people may interpret the same analysis in different ways.<br />Overview of Ratio Analysis<br
/>Introduction:- Ratio analysis is one of the techniques used to analyze the financial statement. It is one of
the most powerful tools of financial analysis. It is the process of establishing and interpreting various
ratios (quantitative relationship between figures and group of figures). Through ratio analysis financial
statement can analyze more clearly and decision made from such analysis.<br />According to
Accountant’s Handbook by Wizon Kell and Bedford, a ratio’is an expression, of the quantitative
relationship between the numbers’.<br />Nature of Ratio Analysis:- Ratio analysis is a technique of
analysis and interpretation of financial statements. It is the process of establishing and interpreting
various ratios for helping in making certain decision. However, ratio analysis is not an end in itself. It is
only a means of better understanding of financial strength and weaknesses of affirm. Calculation of mere
ratios does not serve any purpose, unless several appropriate ratio are analyzed and interpreted. There are
a number of ratios which can be calculated from the information given in the financial statements, but the
analyst select the appropriate data and calculate only a few appropriate ratios from the same keeping in
mind the objective of analysis. The ratios may be used as a symptom like blood pressure, the pulse rate or
the body temperature and their interpretation depends upon the caliber and competence of the analyst.
The following are the four steps involved in the ratio analysis:<br />Selection of relevant data from the
financial statements depending upon the objective of the analysis.<br />Calculation of appropriate ratios
from the above data.<br />Comparison of the calculated ratios with the ratios of the same firm in the past,
or the ratios developed from projected financial statements or the ratio of some other firms or the
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comparison with ratios of the industry to which the firm belongs.<br />Interpretation of the ratios.<br
/>Use and significance of Ratio Analysis<br />Helpful in decision making.<br />Helpful in financial
forecasting and planning.<br />Helpful in communication.<br />Helpful in co-ordination.<br />Helpful in
Control.<br />Helpful in efficiency appraisal<br />Helpful in evaluation of financial position.<br
/>Helpful to investors, financial institution, employee<br />Limitations of Ratio Analysis:-<br />The
ratio analysis is one of the most powerful tools of financial management. Though ratios are simple to
calculate and easy to understand, they suffer from some serious limitations.<br />Limited Use of Single
Ratio:- A single ratio, usually, does not convey much of a sense.<br />To make a better interpretation a
number of ratios have to be calculated which is likely to confuse the analyst than help him on making any
meaningful conclusion.<br />Lack of Adequate Standards:- There are no well adapted standards or rules
of thumb for all ratios which can be accepted as norms it renders interpretation of the ratios difficult.<br
/>Inherent Limitation of Accounting:- Like financial statements, ratio also suffer from the inherent
weakness of accounting records such as their historical nature. Ratios of the past are not necessarily true
indicators of the future.<br />Change of Accounting Procedure:- Change in accounting procedure by a
firm often makes ratio analysis misleading. E.g.a change in the valuation of methods of inventories, from
FIFO to LIFO increases the cost of sales and reduces considerably the value of closing stocks which
makes stock turnover ratio to be lucrative and an unfavorable gross profit ratio.<br />Window Dressing:-
Financial statements can easily be window dressed to present a better picture of its financial and
profitability position to outsiders. Hence, one has to be very careful in making a decision from ratios
calculated from such financial statements. But it may be very difficult for an outsider to know about the
window dressing made by a firm.<br />Personal Bias:- Ratio are only means of financial analysis and not
an end in itself. Ratios have to e interpreted and different people may interpret the same ratio in different
ways.<br />Incomparable:- Not only industries differ in their nature but also the firms of the similar
business widely differ in their size and accounting procedures, etc. it makes comparison of difficult and
misleading. Moreover comparisons are made difficult due to differences in definitions of various financial
terms used in the ratio analysis.<br />Absolute Figures Distortive:- Ratios devoid of absolute figures may
prove distortive as ratio analysis is primarily a quantitative analysis and not a qualitative analysis.<br
/>Price Level Changes:- While making ratio analysis, no consideration is made to the changes in price
levels and this makes the interpretation of ratio invalid.<br />Ratios no Substitutes:- Ratio analysis is
merely a tool of financial statements. Hence, ratios become useless if separated from the statements form
which they are computed. <br />Clues not Conclusions:- Ratios provide only clue s to analysts and not
final conclusion. These ratios have to be interpreted by these experts and there are no standard rules for
interpretation. <br />Classification of Ratios:<br />The use of ratio analysis is not confined to financial
manager only. There are different parties interested in the ratio analysis for knowing the financial position
of a firm for different purposes. In view of various users of ratios, there are many types of ratios which
can be calculated from the information given in the financial statements. The particular purpose of the
user determines the ratios that might be used for financial analysis.<br />Various accounting ratios can be
classified as followed<br /> <br />Secondary Ratio<br />Balance Sheet RatioLiquidity RatiosProfitability
RatioPrimary RatioProfit & Loss Account RatioComposite RatioLeverage RatiosActivity Ratios<br
/>Functional Classification in View of Financial Management or Classification According to Tests.<br
/>Liquidity Ratio:<br />(A)<br />1. Current Ratio<br />2. Liquid Ratio<br />3. Cash Ratio<br />4.
Interval Measure<br />(B)<br />1. Debtors Turnover Ratio<br />2. Creditors Turnover Ratio<br />3.
Inventory Turnover Ratio<br />Long-term solvency and Leverage Ratios:<br />Debt/Equity Ratio<br
/>Debt to total capital Ratio<br />Invest Coverage<br />Cash Flow/Debt<br />Capital Gearing<br
/>Activity Ratios or Asset Management Ratio:<br />Inventory Turnover Ratio<br />Debtors Turnover<br
/>Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio<br />Total Assets Turnover Ratio<br />Working Capital Turnover
Ratio<br />Payables Turnover Ratio<br />Capital Employed Turnover<br />Profitability Ratio;<br />In
relation to Sales<br />Gross Profit Ratio<br />Operating Ratio<br />Operating Profit Ratio<br />Net
Profit Ratio<br />Expense Ratio<br />In relation to investments<br />Return on investments<br />Return
on capital<br />Return on Equity capital <br />Return on Total Resources<br />Earnings per share<br
/>Price-Earning Ratio<br />Chapter -4<br />Analysis and Interpretation<br />Comparative Balance
Sheet<br />Comparative Income Statement<br />Ratio Analysis <br />Analysis and Interpretation<br />I
have studied the financial statement of Au-Financier (India) Pvt. Ltd. by using comparative statements
device. It shows as under.<br />Interpretation of Comparative balance sheet:<br />Assets.31th March
200931th March 2010Increase/Decrease/ Rs.Increase/DecreasePersentageCurrent Assets.Debtors Less
than 6 Months201.03131.81(69.23)(34.44)Debtors More than 6 Months45.446.00(39.44)(86.80)Loans &
Advances4,000.0315,144.8011,144.76278.62Accrued Interest on Loans31.62113.1081.48257.71Trade
Advances450.88566.53115.6525.65Term Deposits1,850.694,201.332,350.63127.01Cash and other bank
balances3,745.052,845.12(899.93)(24.03)Advances recoverable in
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cash/kind38.83337.53298.71769.33Other current assets51.86102.0850.2296.83Current Assets

Total10,415.4323,448.2913,032.86125.13Fixed Assets.Owen
Assets.191.32764.46573.14299.57Depreciation89.44112.0422.6025.27Net Block = Owen Assets. –
DepreciationNet Block101.88652.42550.54540.38Investments317.69342.3724.687.77Net Block +
Investments 419.57994.79575.22548.15Total Assets = Total Current Assets. + Total Fixed AssetsTotal
Assets10,835.0024,443.0813,608.08125.59Current LiabilitiesSundry
Creditors114.37211.5697.1984.98Other current liabilities/provisions375.82612.75236.9363.04EMI
Payable Against Securitisation /
Assignments182.771,001.67818.90448.05Provisions151.16339.67188.51124.71Provisions for
NPA44.9241.02(3.91)(8.70)Provision for Estimated Loss for Securitisation /
Assignments52.50183.34130.84249.23Other Provisions53.74115.3161.57114.58Current Liabilities
Total824.122,165.651,341.53162.78Net Current Assets. = Current Assets – Current LiabilitiesNet Current
Assets.9,591.3121,282.6411,691.33121.89Total Capital Employed = Net Block + Investments + Net
Current AssetsTotal Capital Employed10,010.8822,277.4312,266.55122.53Represented ByEquity Share
Capital1,000.021,393.29393.2739.33Share Application Money146.00-(146.00)(100.00)Compulsory
Convertible Preference Shares2,000.007,549.995,549.99277.50Reserves and
Surplus891.502,612.231,720.73193.02Less : intangibles---#DIV/0!DTA37.8684.2946.43122.63Tangible
Net worth3,999.6611,471.227,471.56186.80Secured LoansTerm
Loan4,740.066,337.531,597.4733.70Cash
Credit1,267.034,468.673,201.64252.69Total6,007.0910,806.214,799.1279.89Unsecured LoansFrom
Banks4.13-(4.13)(100.00)Others---#DIV/0!Total4.13-(4.13)(100.00)Deferred Tax Liability----Total
Liabilities10,835.0024,443.0813,608.08125.59Channel Business15,417.0013,630.00(1,787.00)
(11.59)Assigned Portfolio5,348.0019,839.8714,491.87270.98Off Balance Sheet
Assets20,765.033,469.912,704.8761.18Assets Under Management24,765.0348,614.6723,849.6396.30<br
/>The comparative balance sheet reveals that during 2010 there has been an increase in current assets of
Rs. 13,032.86 Lacs i. e. 125.13% in the current liabilities have increased by Rs.1,341.53 Lacs i. e.
162.78% so the current financial position has increased.<br />The liquid Assets that is case in hand, cash
in bank shows an decrease in 2010 over 2009 this will not improve the liquidity position of the concern.
<br />The other assets loans & advances have increase by Rs. 11,144.76 Lacs it’s show that company
business improved. and long term liabilities increase in form of secured loan then it show that company
have good relationship with the banks in India and mostly it shows that the company depends on banks
<br />Reserve and surplus have increased from Rs.891.50/- Lacs to Rs.2,612.23/- Lacs and the profit has
increased from Rs.608.82/- Lacs to Rs.1,338.93/- Lacs. i.e. 119.92 %. It shows that the profitability of the
Company has improved.<br />The overall financial position of the Company is satisfactory.<br
/>Comparison of income statement<br /> <br />31th March 200931th March
2010Increase/DecreaseRs.Increase/DecreasePercentageExpenditureSalaries and staff expenses
451.38803.18351.8077.94Admn. and Misc. expenses (incl. raw material)
681.181,498.53817.34119.99Operating Expenses 1,132.562,301.711,169.15103.23Provision for NPAs
1.37(3.91)(5.28)(385.53)Provision for Credit Loss on Securitisation 52.50130.8478.34149.23Provision
for Overdue Debtors 8.21(5.21)(13.41)(163.44)Loan Written Off 39.4066.6827.2869.23Debtors Off
-52.2752.275227Total Provision / Write offs 101.47240.67139.20137.18Total Expenditure = Operating
Expenses + Total Provision/Write offsTotal Expenditure1234.032542.381308.35106.02IncomeInterest on
own books 546.821,556.141,009.32184.6Income under Channel Business
912.67972.8660.196.595Income from securitisation 537.842,082.891,545.05287.3Interest on FDR
105.59191.8486.2581.68Income from Operations 2,102.924,803.732,700.81128.4Other Income
181.54623.26441.72243.3Total Income 2,284.465,426.993,142.53137.6PBIDT = Total Income – Total
ExpenditurePBIDT 1,050.432,884.611,834.18174.61Less:- Depreciation and Impairment of Fixed Assets
30.5345.8115.2850.04PBIT 1,019.902,838.801,818.90178.34Less:- Interest
185.10914.06728.95393.81Less:- Prior Period Adjustmenst (2.15)0.402.55(118.60)Less:- Misc. expn.
written off 12.75-(12.75)(100.00)PBT 824.191,924.351,100.15133.48Less:- Tax
258.66631.22372.56144.03PAT 565.531,293.12727.59128.66Total Expenses = Total Income – Profit
After Tax (PAT)Total Exp.1,718.934,133.872,414.94140.49Add : Depreciation
30.5345.8115.2850.04Gross cash accruals = Profit After Tax + DepreciationGross cash accruals
608.821,338.93730.12119.92Less : Dividends - Pref. (Rs.) ---- - Equity (Rs.) ----Net cash accruals
608.821,338.93730.12119.92Net cash accruals/Total Income(%)26.6524.67(1.98)(7.42)<br />The
comparative income statement reveals that there has been increase in Operating Expenses 103.23%
Provision for Credit Loss on Securitisation 149.23%, Loan Written Off 69.23% and debtors off 52.27
Lacs but the other expenditure decrease Provision for NPAs 385.53% and Provision for Overdue Debtors
163.44%. so the total expenditure is increased by Rs. 106.02%<br />The total income of the bank has
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increased by 137.6% and the company earn the profit of Rs 1,338.93/- Lacs which is 119.92% more than
the previous year.<br />There is a sufficient progress in the Company and the overall profitability of the
bank is good.<br />Ratio Analysis<br />Profitability Ratio<br />The primary objective of business
undertaking is to earn profit is the words of lord Keynes :profit is the engine that drives the Business
enterprise”. Profit is not only needed for its existence but also for its expansion and diversification. The
investors want an adequate return on their investment, workers want higher wages, creditor want high
security for their interest and loan soon.<br />Following are the important overall profitability ratios,
which relevant to the Business Concerns are:<br />Return on Assets<br />Return on Capital
Employed<br />Return on Equity Capital<br />Earning per Share (EPS)<br />Return on Assets:<br />It
states the relationship between net profit and total asses.<br />Return on assets = Net Profit*100/Total
asset<br />YearNet ProfitTotal
AssetPercentage2008294.742,894.7110.182009608.8210,835.005.6220101,338.9324,443.085.48<br
/>Relation of Net Profit and Total Asset By Diagram<br />Interpretation :<br /> <br />The return on
assets of Au. Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd. is not satisfactory. The assets are not utilized properly.<br
/>Return on Capital Employed<br />It is widely used to measure the overall profitability and the
efficiency of the business. <br />Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit*100/Total capital employed
<br />Capital Employed:<br />Share Capital<br />Reserve fund & other reserves<br />YearNet
ProfitCapital
EmployedPercentage2008294.742,613.1111.282009608.8210,010.886.0820101,338.9322,277.436.01<br
/>Relation of Net Profit & Capital Employed by Diagram<br />Interpretation:<br />The return on capital
employed of Au. Financier’s (India) Pvt. Ltd. is in good trend.<br />Return on Equity Capital<br />The
equity share holders are the real owner of the company. They assume high risk in the company.<br
/>Return on Equity Capital = Net Profit * 100/Equity capital<br />YearNet ProfitEquity
CapitalPercentage2008294.741,000.0229.472009608.821,000.0260.8820101,338.931,393.2996.10<br
/>Relation of Net Profit & Equity Capital Diagram<br />Interpretation:<br />The return on equity share
capital of Au Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.. Provides a higher rate of dividend to its equity share holders.
<br />Earning per Share (EPS):<br />It is samall variation of return on equity capital. It shows the profit
available to each share holder.<br />Earning per Share = Net Profit / Equity Share Holders<br />YearNet
ProfitNo. of Equity Percentage<br />Diagram<br />Interpretation:<br />The EPS of Au fin. Is
satisfactory to the equity share holders.<br />Chapter 5. <br />Findings <br />Suggestions<br
/>Findings<br />The current assets have increased in 2010 by Rs. 13,608.08/- lacs i. e. 125.59 %<br
/>The case and bank balance decreased by Rs. 899.93/- lacs i.e. 24%<br />The company provide loan and
advances to its customers more than 2009 in 2010 Rs. 11,144.76/- lacs. <br />The other assets loans &
advances have increase by Rs. 11,144.76 Lacs<br />Term deposits are increased in the year 2010 by Rs.
2350.63 lacs.<br />Current liabilities are increased in the year 2010 than previous year Rs. 1,341.53437
lacs i.e. 162.78%<br />Total capital employed increased by Rs 12,266.55/- lacs in the year 2010 <br />
Net income of the company increase in the year than previous year 119.92%<br />The company have
good relationship with the banks.<br />Suggestions<br />From all the studies we can suggest some point
to improve the profitability of the organization.<br />It should be increase advertisement mostly in rural
areas because more population of the Rajasthan does not know about the company in urban area.<br
/>The company should focus more on advancing loans and money to customers.<br />It should reduce
the cost of management.<br />It should recover its money from defaulters in a limited time.<br />It
should control the non operation expenses and other expenditure.<br />It should ready for the coming
competitive as all financier’s Companies are going to be privatized.<br />To increase the net profit at
higher rate, carefully designed risk management systems and increasingly higher aspiration levels of
customer services should be taken.<br />Chapter – 6<br />Conclusion<br />If properly analyzed and
interpreted, financial statements can provide valuable insight into a firm’s performance. Analysis of
financial statements is of interest to lenders (short term as well as long term) investors, security analysts,
managers and others. Financial statement analysis may be done for a variety of purpose, which may range
from a simple analysis of the short term liquidity position of the firm to a comprehensive assessment of
the strength and weakness of the firm in various areas. It is helpful in assessing corporate excellence,
judging credit worthiness, forecasting bond ratings, predicting bankruptcy and assessing market risk.<br
/>I have studied the attached balance sheet and Profit and Loss Account of Au Financiers (India) Pvt. Ltd.
At 31st March 2010<br />The financial Statements are the responsibility of the company’s management
the analysis and interpretation of financial statements is essential to bring out the mystery behind the
figure in financial statements.<br />The transactions of Company, which have come to my notice, have
been within the powers of Company.<br />Proper books of account s require by law have been kept by
the Company in so far as it appears from my observation of those books.<br />Proper returns have been
received from the Company’s branches.<br />The balance sheet and profit and loss account are in
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agreement with the books of account.<br />Reference<br />Reference from Journal, Magazine,
Newspaper, Annual Report:<br />Annual Report of Au. Fin. Jaipur<br />Website<br />www.Au.fin.com.
<br />www.managementparadise.com<br />

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